The  Green  Plan  For  Food  Security  

International Conference on Policies for Water and Food Security in Dry Areas 24th to 26th of June, Cairo, Egypt

Pr Mohamed Ait Kadi

Morocco  

Content of this talk WATER

AGRICULTURE TRADE

SS

FS

ü Commercial / Non commercial Agriculture ü “Super market revolution” ü Commodity prices volatility

IWR

M

Moh

amed

Ait

Kad

i CG

DA

Agriculture  Matters  

Moh

amed

Ait

Kad

i CG

DA

Farming  Systems  

20-35%

5-10%

70-80 BMAD

45-50%

60-70%

3-4 Mio Jobs

35-40%

10-15%

Employment Value

Fresh 50-55%

13 BMADDH

Processed 45-50%

Exports

High value added Fruits & Vegetables

Grains & Forage

25%

7,4 Mio Ha

75%

Area

Livestock

Moh

amed

Ait

Kad

i CG

DA

Importance  of  the    Smallholders  Sector  

Annual income (MAD)

149 000 Tomatoes

115 000 Apples

66 000 Citrus

7 000 Olives

2 000 Wheat

The poverty trap!

1.5 mio 8.7mio Ha

Farms CL

< 5 ha

> 5 ha

70%

24%

Average: 2,1 Ha per

Holding

Moh

amed

Ait

Kad

i CG

DA

Moh

amed

Ait

Kad

i CG

DA

The  Challenge  Ø  To reliably produce increasing supplies and more varieties

of food, mainly through higher yields using less water and other resource inputs in an environmentally friendly manner – and at reasonable and affordable prices for consumers

Ø  This challenge must be met as the climate changes, and as

almost every input to the food production, processing and consumption chain increases in cost.

Ø  This can only be done by mobilizing technology in all

kinds of agriculture including smallholders, using all sources of water and achieving much better coordination, cooperation and partnerships among the major stakeholders involved

Moh

amed

Ait

Kad

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DA

Generating  a  Virtuous  Cycle  

Investments

Productivity/ Quality High Value

Moh

amed

Ait

Kad

i CG

DA

Building  on  Successes  

Moh

amed

Ait

Kad

i CG

DA

Operating  Principles  of  the  New  Vision  for  Agriculture  

Moh

amed

Ait

Kad

i CG

DA

Agriculture a positive driver of socio-economic development &

environmental sustainability

Cross cutting Reforms + Enabling Environment

Pillar II Smallholder farming as a

business

Pillar I Robust commercial

Agriculture

Holistic/transactional Approach

Land tenure Water Trade Domestic

Market Doing business Value Chains Administration

Moh

amed

Ait

Kad

i CG

DA

Pillar I: Aggressively develop a high value/ high productivity agricultural sector

Implementing advanced production & developing value- add facilities through holistic value chain interventions

700 – 900 investment projects across the country

Attract private investors while protecting social interests

Investment : 110-150 Md DH

10 years

Moh

amed

Ait

Kad

i CG

DA

« OFFRE MAROC » for Investors A WIN WIN Partnership in the context of Aggregation

Strategic aggregation program based on

contracts with clearly defined conditions for each value chain

Innovative framework of incentives (targeted subsidies, special tax regimes)

V1

Preferential land leasing V2

Preferential access to financing V3

Support of aggregation over the long- term: • Promotion • Dispute resolution/arbitration

V4

Preferential access to trade associated benefits

• Exports & logistics • Branding & Quality management • Agrotec – R&D

V5

Commitment to generate growth and investments (upstream &

downstream)

Investments, sales& value added, jobs, know-how

E2

Commtment to support aggregated farmers upstream Access to inputs and technology Uptake garanties…

E1

Commitment to fairness Policy of fair and attractive remuneration to farmers

E3

Commitments made by the State Framework of Incentives

Commitments made by aggregators

Moh

amed

Ait

Kad

i CG

DA

14

Pillar II: Smallholder farming as a business Lifting greatest number of farmers out of poverty

Investment : 15-20 Md DH

10 years

Proactive marketing to Domestic and International Investors

Strengthening capacities of social institutions for proper project implementation on the ground

Reconversion Projects

Intensification Projects

Diversification Projects

300-400 projects Catalyst for development of Oasis & Mountains

Moh

amed

Ait

Kad

i CG

DA

WATER-AGRICULTURE-TRADE

WATER

AGRICULTURE TRADE

SS

FS

ü Commercial / Non commercial Agriculture ü “Super market revolution” ü Commodity prices volatility

IWR

M

Mohamed AITKADI GWP/TEC

Moh

amed

Ait

Kad

i CG

DA

Sujets  de  discussion  •  Présentez les principales idées que vous allez

développer

Morocco is a highly water stressed country with erratic rainfall and frequent droughts.

The country is reaching the end of the water development era. Water resources management is therefore shifting to the more difficult task of ensuring economically, socially and environmentally efficient water allocation within the existing water resources constraints.

Moh

amed

Ait

Kad

i CG

DA

Rewable Water Resources/ca/RB

1190

853

1045

141

856

512418

1144

161

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

River Basins

Ren

ewab

le W

ater

R

esou

rces

m3/

ca

1

2 3

4

5 6

7

8

9

730 m3 /ca/year

Deficit/surplus

96

-219

1068

-35

-1468

-163 -126

11 -4

-2000

-1500

-1000

-500

0

500

1000

1500

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

River Basins

Mm

3

Water resources endowment/distribution

Moh

amed

Ait

Kad

i CG

DA

Morroco’s  Water  Issues  &  Constraints  

• Water demand is growing fast; • Water availability is falling to crisis levels;

• Overexploitation of groundwater • Shortages are compounded by pollution

• Low water use efficiency in irrigation;

Moh

amed

Ait

Kad

i CG

DA

Water  Sector  Reforms  (1995/2009)  

•  The adoption of a long term strategy for an integrated water resources management;

•  The development of a new legal and institutional framework to promote decentralized management and increase stakeholder participation;

•  Introducing economic incentives in water allocation decisions through rational tariff and cost recovery;

•  Taking capacity enhancing measures to meet institutional challenges for the management of water resources; and

•  Establishing effective monitoring and control of water quality to reduce environmental degradation

Moh

amed

Ait

Kad

i CG

DA

§ Objectives

§ Cost: 37 BMAD

1.  Convert 550 000 Ha to drip irrigation (2008-2020)

>220 000 Ha collective projects >330 000 Ha individuals •  Increase irrigation efficiency and water productivity

THE NATIONAL IRRIGATION WATER SAVINGS PROGRAMME

§ Impacts: Savings: 1.4 Km3

Upper Catchment

Basin Agencies Irrigation agencies WUA/Farmers

Watershed Reservoir Conveyance & Distribution

System Farm

Evaporation Evapotranspiration

Evaporation

Seepage Operation

Seepage Run off Deep percolation

Leaching

Phreatophytes

Return flow and aquifer recharge

* Reforestation and watershed management

* Water resource database * Decision support systems * Coordination * Control

* O. & M. * Rehabilitation * WUA * PPP

* Cropping patterns * crop productivity .*Irrigation technologies and practices * pricing

-

- A System wide approach

Moh

amed

Ait

Kad

i CG

DA

100,000  

300,000  

500,000  

700,000  

900,000  20

02  

2003

 

2004

 

2005

 

2006

 

2007

 

2008

 

2009

 

2010

 

2011  

2012

 

2013  

2014

 

2015

 

2016

 

2017  

2018

 

2019

 

2020

 

Hectares  

Area converted to drip irrigation

Moh

amed

Ait

Kad

i CG

DA

WATER-AGRICULTURE-TRADE NEXUS

WATER

AGRICULTURE TRADE

SS

FS

ü Commercial / Non commercial Agriculture ü “Super market revolution” ü Commodity prices volatility

IWR

M

Mohamed AITKADI GWP/TEC

Moh

amed

Ait

Kad

i CG

DA

Sujets  de  discussion  •  Présentez les principales idées que vous allez

développer With its heavy dependence on imports of wheat, maize, oilseeds and energy for domestic consumption Morocco has been severely hit by rising world food and oil prices. This has raised serious concerns about food security, macroeconomic and social stability

FOOD IMPORTS/TOTAL IMPORTS (%)

6

6,5

7

7,5

8

8,5

9

9,5

10

10,5

11

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

FOOD EXPORTS/FOOD IMPORTS

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Moh

amed

Ait

Kad

i CG

DA

Ø We need a trading system that draws on the expertise of every nation and returns to every nation a more diverse and above all secure supply of food.

INTERNATIONAL  TRADE    is  not  an  option  >  it  is  a  necessity  !  

Moh

amed

Ait

Kad

i CG

DA

26

Proj

et

64

54 46

56 61

75 79

69

86

68

79

104 102 107

99

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

AGRICULTURAL GDP -Price Base 1998 -

AV (5 years) 98 BMAD

AV (5 years) 75 BMAD

TOTAL AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION: 43% 2005-2007 VS 2011 Food availability/capita: 14% Employements: 77,000 EPJ

Citrus : + 28% (1.251.000 T > 1.599.000 T)

Olives : + 67% (774.00 T > 1.295.000 T)

Poultry: + 40% (363.000 T > 508.000 T)

Meat: + 17% de 363.000 T > 426.000 T

Milk : + 21% (1,68 BL > 2,03 BL Grains: +42% (57M Qx > 80M QX)

Dattes : + 40 % (81.000 T > 114.000 T)

Conclusion    Two major breaks with the agricultural

development model of the past 50 years:

1.  Overcoming dualisms: embracing the diversity of ecological and agricultural production systems and recognizing the need to increase the capacities of different types of actor in the sector

2.  Actors centered approach: progress should be based on an entrepreneurial spirit and dynamic.

Moh

amed

Ait

Kad

i CG

DA

Lessons  learned    Ø The importance of transactional approaches Ø The importance of decentralization Ø The need to foster institutional innovation; Ø Financing must be available to support

innovation and policy implementation (including from the private sector/banks); and

Ø That progress should be based on an entrepreneurial spirit and dynamic.

Moh

amed

Ait

Kad

i CG

DA

Thanks  for  listening      Questions, comments and suggestions are welcome