moroccan arabic textbook 22
TRANSCRIPT
-
7/29/2019 Moroccan Arabic Textbook 22
1/15
P e a c e C o r p s / M o r o c c o 1 6 1
AppendicesP r o n u n c i a t i o n o f M o r o c c a n A r a b i c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 6 2
S u p p l e m e n t a r y G r a m m a r L e s s o n s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 6 6
M o r e U s e f u l E x p r e s s i o n s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 7 6
M o r o c c a n H o l i d a y s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 7 8
G l o s s a r y o f V e r b s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 2
-
7/29/2019 Moroccan Arabic Textbook 22
2/15
1 6 2 M o r o c c a n A r a b i c
P r o n u n c i a t i o n o f M o r o c c a n A r a b i c
D e s p i t e w h a t y o u m a y t h i n k a t f i r s t , i t i s i n d e e d p o s s i b l e f o r y o u t o l e a r n h o w t o p r o n o u n c e t h e s o u n d s
o f M o r o c c a n A r a b i c . L e a r n i n g t o p r o n o u n c e A r a b i c s o u n d s c o r r e c t l y e n t a i l s t w o t h i n g s : f i r s t , b e c o m i n g
a w a r e o f h o w t o m a k e t h e d i f f e r e n t s o u n d s a n d , s e c o n d , p r a c t i c i n g w i t h a n a t i v e s p e a k e r . T h i s c h a p t e r
w i l l h e l p y o u w i t h t h e f i r s t t a s k .
U n d e r s t a n d i n g H o w S o u n d s A r e M a d e
B e f o r e w e m o v e d i r e c t l y i n t o h o w t o p r o n o u n c e A r a b i c s o u n d s , l e t s f i r s t u n d e r s t a n d h o w s o u n d s a r e
m a d e i n g e n e r a l . T h e n w e c a n u s e t h i s k n o w l e d g e i n o r d e r t o w o r k o n A r a b i c s o u n d s .
F r i c a t i v e s a n d S t o p s
M a k e t h e / s / s o u n d . N o t i c e h o w a i r i s b e i n g f o r c e d t h r o u g h t h e s p a c e b e t w e e n y o u r t o n g u e a n d t h e
g u m r i d g e i n y o u r m o u t h . W h e n a s o u n d i s p r o d u c e d l i k e t h i s , b y f o r c i n g a i r b e t w e e n s o m e s m a l l
o p e n i n g , t h a t s o u n d i s c a l l e d a f r i c a t i v e . M a k e t h e / f / s o u n d . T h i s s o u n d i s a l s o a f r i c a t i v e , b e c a u s e i n
o r d e r t o m a k e i t w e m u s t f o r c e a i r b e t w e e n o u r t e e t h a n d o u r b o t t o m l i p . S o m e s o u n d s i n E n g l i s h t h a t
a r e f r i c a t i v e s a r e : / s / , / z / , / s h / , / t h / , / f / , / v / , a n d o t h e r s .
N o w m a k e t h e / t / s o u n d . H e r e , w e a r e n o t f o r c i n g a i r t h r o u g h a s m a l l o p e n i n g a t a c o n s t a n t p r e s s u r e ,
b u t r a t h e r w e c o m p l e t e l y b l o c k t h e a i r f l o w f o r a m o m e n t , a n d t h e n r e l e a s e t h e a i r s t r e a m i n o n e b i g
b u r s t . A s o u n d t h a t i s p r o d u c e d b y b l o c k i n g t h e a i r f l o w , a n d t h e n r e l e a s i n g i t , i s c a l l e d a s t o p . M a k e
t h e / k / s o u n d . T h i s i s a n o t h e r s t o p b e c a u s e a g a i n , y o u w i l l n o t i c e h o w w e b u i l d u p a l o t o f p r e s s u r e
w i t h a i r , a n d t h e n r e l e a s e i t . S o m e s t o p s i n E n g l i s h a r e : / t / , / k / , / g / , / b / , / p / , a n d o t h e r s .
V o i c e d a n d V o i c e l e s s S o u n d s
W e c a n a l s o c a t e g o r i z e c o n s o n a n t s o u n d s a c c o r d i n g t o w h e t h e r w e u s e o u r v o i c e b o x o r n o t . M a k e t h e
/ s / s o u n d . W h i l e m a k i n g t h e s o u n d , h o l d y o u r h a n d o v e r y o u r t h r o a t . N o w m a k e t h e / z / s o u n d , s t i l l
h o l d i n g y o u r h a n d t o y o u r t h r o a t . Y o u l l n o t i c e t h a t w i t h / s / , w e d o n t u s e o u r v o i c e b o x , b u t w i t h / z / ,
o u r v o i c e b o x v i b r a t e s . S o u n d s l i k e / s / a r e c a l l e d v o i c e l e s s , s i n c e w e d o n t u s e o u r v o i c e b o x . S o u n d s
l i k e / z / a r e c a l l e d v o i c e d , s i n c e o u r v o i c e b o x v i b r a t e s . M a k e t h e s o u n d / t / . I s i t v o i c e l e s s o r v o i c e d ?
N o w m a k e t h e s o u n d / d / . V o i c e l e s s o r v o i c e d ?
L e t s l o o k n o w a t s o m e o f t h e d i f f i c u l t A r a b i c s o u n d s , u s i n g w h a t w e k n o w a b o u t s o u n d s i n g e n e r a l .
P r o n u n c i a t i o n o f N o n - E n g l i s h C o n s o n a n t s
T h e S o u n d q
( )
T h e q s o u n d i s s i m i l a r t o t h e k s o u n d . B o t h a r e v o i c e l e s s s t o p s t h a t a r e m a d e b y r e l e a s i n g a i r
f o r c e f u l l y a f t e r c o m p l e t e l y b l o c k i n g t h e a i r f l o w m o m e n t a r i l y . T h e o n l y d i f f e r e n c e i s w h e r e i n t h e
t h r o a t t h e s p e a k e r b l o c k s t h e a i r f l o w . T h e q s o u n d w i l l b e m a d e f u r t h e r b a c k i n t h e t h r o a t t h a n t h e k
s o u n d . T r y t h e f o l l o w i n g e x e r c i s e .
F i r s t , t a k e a m i n u t e t o b e c o m e m o r e f a m i l i a r w i t h y o u r t h r o a t m u s c l e s . O p e n y o u r m o u t h a n d s a y a a h ,
a s i f y o u w e r e a t t h e d o c t o r s o f f i c e . Y o u r t o n g u e s h o u l d b e f l a t i n y o u r m o u t h . W i t h o u t r a i s i n g y o u r
t o n g u e , p u l l i t b a c k s o t h a t t h e b a s e o f y o u r t o n g u e c l o s e s o f f a i r b y p u l l i n g b a c k a g a i n s t t h e t h r o a t . A t
t h i s p o i n t , y o u s h o u l d n o t b e a b l e t o b r e a t h e t h r o u g h y o u r m o u t h , a l t h o u g h i t i s w i d e o p e n . P r a c t i c e
d o i n g t h i s f i r s t w i t h o u t m a k i n g a s o u n d . A f t e r p e r f o r m i n g t h i s e x e r c i s e s e v e r a l t i m e s , m a k e a s o u n d b y
r e l e a s i n g t h e a i r f o r c e f u l l y . T h e r e s u l t w i l l b e t h e s o u n d q.
T h e S o u n d x
( )
T h e s o u n d x i s a v o i c e l e s s f r i c a t i v e f o r m e d a r o u n d t h e s a m e p l a c e a s t h e s o u n d q. I t i s f o u n d i n m a n y
E u r o p e a n l a n g u a g e s : t h e R u s s i a n x , t h e S c o t t i s h p r o n u n c i a t i o n o f l o c h , a n d t h e G e r m a n c h a s
T h e / t / s o u n d i s v o i c e l e s s a n d t h e / d / s o u n d i s v o i c e d . B o t h a r e s t o p s .
-
7/29/2019 Moroccan Arabic Textbook 22
3/15
P e a c e C o r p s / M o r o c c o 1 6 3
p r o n o u n c e d a f t e r a b a c k v o w e l a s i n B a c h . S o m e p e o p l e u s e t h i s s o u n d t o s a y y e c h ! T o p r o n o u n c e x,
m a k e t h e s o u n d q a n d p a y a t t e n t i o n t o w h e r e t h e b a c k o f y o u r t o n g u e h i t s t h e b a c k o f t h e r o o f o f y o u r
m o u t h a n d b l o c k s y o u r w i n d p i p e . I n s t e a d o f c l o s i n g o f f t h e w i n d p i p e w i t h t h e b a c k o f y o u r t o n g u e
c o m p l e t e l y , b l o c k i t p a r t w a y , a n d y o u w i l l p r o d u c e t h i s s o u n d .
T h e S o u n d ( )
T h e s o u n d i s t h e s a m e s o u n d a s t h e s o u n d x, e x c e p t i t i s v o i c e d . I n o t h e r w o r d s , i f y o u c a n m a k e
t h e s o u n d x, a l l y o u n e e d t o d o i s v i b r a t e y o u r v o i c e b o x a t t h e s a m e t i m e , a n d y o u w i l l p r o d u c e .
T h i n k o f t h e c o r r e s p o n d e n c e b e t w e e n t h e s o u n d s k ( k i t e ) a n d g ( g a m e ) : k i s v o i c e l e s s a n d g i s v o i c e d .
P r o n o u n c e k a n d g s e v e r a l t i m e s , p a y i n g a t t e n t i o n t o h o w y o u r v o i c e c h a n g e s w h e n y o u s a y g. N o w s a y
x s e v e r a l t i m e s , a n d t h e n v o i c e i t . T h e r e s u l t i s .
A l t e r n a t i v e l y , y o u m a y t h i n k o f a s s i m i l a r t o t h e s o u n d y o u m a k e w h e n g a r g l i n g . G a r g l e f o r a m i n u t e
a n d p a y a t t e n t i o n t o t h e m u s c l e s y o u u s e . T h e s o u n d i s p r o n o u n c e d u s i n g t h e s e s a m e m u s c l e s i n
s i m i l a r f a s h i o n .
T h e E m p h a t i c S o u n d s s ( ) , d ( ) , a n d t ( )
T h e s o u n d s i s t h e e m p h a t i c c o u n t e r p a r t o f t h e s o u n d s. P r o n o u n c e t h e s o u n d s a l o u d , a n d n o t e t h e
p o s i t i o n o f y o u r t o n g u e . I t s h o u l d b e t o w a r d t h e f r o n t o f t h e m o u t h a n d h i g h , c l o s e t o t h e r o o f . N o w ,
s t a r t i n g a t t h e b a c k o f y o u r t e e t h , m o v e y o u r t o n g u e b a c k a l o n g t h e r o o f o f y o u r m o u t h . Y o u w i l l f i n d a
b o n y r i d g e j u s t b e h i n d t h e t e e t h , b e f o r e t h e u p w a r d c u r v e o f t h e r o o f . P u t y o u r t o n g u e a g a i n s t t h i s
r i d g e . T h e r e s t o f y o u r t o n g u e w i l l d r o p l o w e r i n s i d e y o u r m o u t h . T h e e m p h a t i c o r v e l a r i z e d
c o n s o n a n t s i n A r a b i c a r e p r o n o u n c e d b y p l a c i n g t h e t i p o f y o u r t o n g u e i n t h i s s p o t a n d d r o p p i n g t h e
r e s t o f t h e t o n g u e a s l o w a s y o u c a n . T h u s , t h e s o u n d s s , d , a n d t a r e a l l m a d e w i t h t h e t o n g u e i n t h i s
p o s i t i o n .
A l l t h e e m p h a t i c s o u n d s a r e l o w e r i n p i t c h t h a n t h e i r n o n - e m p h a t i c c o u n t e r p a r t s . T h e y a r e
p r o n o u n c e d w i t h g r e a t e r m u s c u l a r t e n s i o n i n t h e m o u t h a n d t h r o a t a n d w i t h a r a i s i n g o f t h e b a c k a n d
r o o t o f t h e t o n g u e t o w a r d t h e r o o f o f t h e m o u t h . Y o u c a n n o t i c e t h i s c o n t r a c t i o n o f t h e t h r o a t e a s i l y b y
p r o l o n g i n g t h e l i n f u l l .
O n e i m p o r t a n t n o t e a b o u t t h e e m p h a t i c s o u n d s : t h e y d e e p e n t h e s o u n d o f s u r r o u n d i n g v o w e l s . P a y
a t t e n t i o n t o t h e s o u n d o f a l l v o w e l s n e a r t h e s e e m p h a t i c s o u n d s , b e c a u s e t h e q u a l i t y o f t h e v o w e l s g i v e s
t h e b e s t i n d i c a t i o n o f t h e p r e s e n c e o f e m p h a t i c c o n s o n a n t s . O n e i m p o r t a n t e x a m p l e i s t ini, g i v e
m e i n M o r o c c a n A r a b i c . M o s t t r a i n e e s w i l l h e a r t h e w o r d a n d t h i n k i t i s p r o n o u n c e d t ayni, w i t h t h e
m i d d l e v o w e l s o u n d ay i n s t e a d o f i. T h i s i s b e c a u s e t h e e m p h a t i c s o u n d t a f f e c t s t h e w a y t h e i
s o u n d s , m a k i n g i t s o u n d ( t o t h e E n g l i s h s p e a k e r s e a r ) l i k e a n ay. I t i s , i n f a c t , a n i h o w e v e r .
T h e S o u n d ( )
T h e s o u n d i s a v o i c e l e s s f r i c a t i v e p r o n o u n c e d d e e p i n t h e t h r o a t . I t h a s n o e q u i v a l e n t i n E n g l i s h . I n
o r d e r t o p r a c t i c e t h i s s o u n d , f i r s t t a k e a f e w m i n u t e s t o b e c o m e b e t t e r a c q u a i n t e d w i t h s o m e o f y o u r
t h r o a t m u s c l e s t h a t y o u u s e o f t e n , b u t n o t t o s p e a k E n g l i s h . T h e f o l l o w i n g e x e r c i s e s a r e d e s i g n e d t o
m a k e y o u a w a r e o f w h a t t h e s e m u s c l e s c a n a l r e a d y d o , s o t h a t y o u c a n u s e t h e m t o s p e a k A r a b i c .
P r a c t i c e t h e m f o r a f e w m i n u t e s e v e r y d a y , a s o f t e n a s y o u c a n .
1 . W i t h y o u r m o u t h c l o s e d , b l o c k o f f y o u r w i n d p i p e a t y o u r t h r o a t . P u t y o u r h a n d o n y o u r t h r o a t a t t h e A d a m s a p p l e a n d c o n s t r i c t t h e m u s c l e s o n t h e i n s i d e . Y o u s h o u l d b e a b l e t o f e e l t h e
m u s c l e s c o n t r a c t i n g . A l t e r n a t e l y t i g h t e n a n d r e l a x t h e m f o r a f e w m i n u t e s .
2 . R e p e a t t h i s w i t h y o u r m o u t h o p e n . T r y t o b r e a t h e o u t t h r o u g h y o u r m o u t h i f y o u c a n , y o u a r e n o t c l o s i n g o f f t h e w i n d p i p e e n t i r e l y .
3 . C o n s t r i c t t h o s e s a m e m u s c l e s s o t h a t a i r c a n j u s t b a r e l y s q u e e z e t h r o u g h y o u r t h r o a t . I m i t a t e s o m e o n e f o g g i n g a p a i r o f g l a s s e s t o c l e a n t h e m . T h e s o u n d o f t h e a i r c o m i n g t h r o u g h y o u r
c o n s t r i c t e d t h r o a t m u s c l e s i s . B y n o w , y o u s h o u l d b e a w a r e o f w h a t y o u r t h r o a t m u s c l e s a r e
d o i n g .
4 . B e n d y o u r h e a d d o w n s o t h a t y o u r c h i n r e s t s o n t h e t o p o f y o u r c h e s t , a n d r e p e a t e x e r c i s e 3 . T h i s p o s i t i o n s h o u l d m a k e i t e a s i e r f o r y o u t o f e e l w h a t y o u a r e d o i n g .
-
7/29/2019 Moroccan Arabic Textbook 22
4/15
-
7/29/2019 Moroccan Arabic Textbook 22
5/15
-
7/29/2019 Moroccan Arabic Textbook 22
6/15
1 6 6 M o r o c c a n A r a b i c
S u p p l e m e n t a r y G r a m m a r L e s s o n s
T h e s e a r e l e s s o n s y o u c a n w o r k o n b y y o u r s e l f o r w i t h y o u r t u t o r o n c e y o u a r r i v e a t y o u r s i t e . I t i s
u n l i k e l y y o u w i l l b e a b l e t o c o m p l e t e t h e m d u r i n g s t a g e , u n l e s s y o u a l r e a d y h a v e s o m e e x p e r i e n c e w i t h
A r a b i c .
M a k i n g I n t r a n s i t i v e V e r b s i n t o T r a n s i t i v e
V e r b s
I n t r a n s i t i v e v e r b s a r e v e r b s t h a t d o n o t r e q u i r e a d i r e c t o b j e c t s u c h a s :
to come in dxl to be afraid xaf
to go out xrj to drink rb
to laugh d k to understand fhm
to fall t a to go up t l
to go downh b t
A l l t h e s e v e r b s a r e t r i l a t e r a l ( i . e . t h e y a r e m a d e u p o f t h r e e l e t t e r s ) a n d t h e y c a n b e m a d e t r a n s i t i v e b y
d o u b l i n g t h e i r m i d d l e c o n s o n a n t ( i . e . p u t t i n g a s h e d d a o n i t ) . T h e n e w t r a n s i t i v e v e r b n o r m a l l y h a s t h e
m e a n i n g t o m a k e s o m e o n e d o s o m e t h i n g . L o o k a t h o w t h e m e a n i n g c h a n g e s w h e n t h e i n t r a n s i t i v e
v e r b d k t o l a u g h i s c h a n g e d i n t o a t r a n s i t i v e v e r b :
You are laughing / you laugh. kat- d k. .
You make me laugh. kat- d kni. .
H e r e i s a l i s t o f v e r b s c o m m o n l y u s e d i n t h e i r t r a n s i t i v e f o r m :
to make (someone or
something) enter / to bring in dxxl
to make (someone orsomething) exit / to take out
xrrj
to make (so/sth) laugh d k
to drop / to throw down (i.e. tomake something fall)
t iy
to frighten (i.e. to makesomeone afraid)
xuwf
to water (i.e. to make somethingdrink)
rrb
to make (someone) understand/ to explain
fhhm
to make go up / to promote / totake up
t ll
to bring down / to demote h b b t
-
7/29/2019 Moroccan Arabic Textbook 22
7/15
P e a c e C o r p s / M o r o c c o 1 6 7
S o m e e x a m p l e s :
I brought in a dog to the housebut my father took it out.
dxxlt wa
d l-klb ld
-d
arwelakin bba xrrju.
.
The clown makes small kidslaugh.
l-klun kay-d k d-draris
-s
ar. .
Take this table out of here,
please.
xrrj afak had t -t bla mn
hna. .
P a s s i v e V e r b s
T r a n s i t i v e v e r b s c a n b e m a d e p a s s i v e b y a d d i n g t ( ) t o t h e m , a s s h o w n b e l o w :
to write ktb
to be written (masc.) tktb
to be written (fem.) tktbat
to be written (plur.) tktbu
to understand fhm
to be understood (masc.) tfhm
to be understood (fem.) tfhmat
to be understood (plur.) tfhmu
to buy ra
to be bought (masc.) tra
to be bought (fem.) trat
to be bought (plur.) trau
to steal srq
to be stolen (masc.) tsrq
to be stolen (fem.) tsrqat
to be stolen (plur.) tsrqu
S o m e e x a m p l e s :
Ali ate pizza. li kla l-pitza. .
The pizza was eaten. tklat l-pitza. .
The teacher wrote the lesson. l-ustad ktb d-drs. .
The lesson was written. d-drs tktb. .
The students understood theriddle.
t-tlamd fhmu l-lu z. .
The riddle was understood. l-lu z tfhm. .
-
7/29/2019 Moroccan Arabic Textbook 22
8/15
1 6 8 M o r o c c a n A r a b i c
Laila bought some clothes. layla rat l- wayj. .
Some clothes were bought. l- wayj trau. .
E x e r c i s e : P u t t h e s e n t e n c e s b e l o w i n t h e p a s s i v e f o r m .
1. l s s q t-t s wira f l- i t .1. .
2. ba u l-flla a l-m s ul dyalhum.2. .
3.s
bnat Jamila l-
wayj.3. .
4. hrrs Peter l-kisan.4. .
5. smma Aziz bntu Ibtisam.5. .
6. sm t s -s da l-bar .6. .
7. jlat Lupe l- p u r t abl.7. .
8. jr at Jill s b ha b l-mus.8. .
9. t at Aicha l-kadu l Malika.9. .
10. kra i wa d had d -d ar.1 0. .
T h e P a s t P r o g r e s s i v e
T h e M o r o c c a n A r a b i c e q u i v a l e n t f o r t h e E n g l i s h p a s t p r o g r e s s i v e ( w a s d o i n g , w e r e d o i n g ) i s t h e p a s t o f
kan ( ) t o b e f o l l o w e d b y t h e p r e s e n t t e n s e . F o r e x a m p l e :
He was talking. kan kay-tkllm. .
He wasnt talking. ma-kan- kay-tkllm. .
You were talking. knti kat-tkllm. .
I wasnt working ma-knt- kan-xdm. .
She was writing. kant kat-ktb. .
T h i s c o n s t r u c t i o n c a n a l s o b e t r a n s l a t e d a s u s e d t o . F o r e x a m p l e :
I used to sell cars. knt kan-bi t -t umubilat. .
W h e t h e r a g i v e n o c c u r r e n c e o f t h i s c o n s t r u c t i o n i s t o b e t r a n s l a t e d a s p a s t p r o g r e s s i v e o r u s e d t o
d e p e n d s u p o n t h e c o n t e x t .
I used to travel a lot. knt kan-safr bzzaf. .
When I was in Essaouira, I usedto eat fish every day.
mlli knt f s -s wira, kntkan-akul l-
ut kulnhar.
.
I was watching TV whensomeone knocked at the door.
knt kan-tfrrj ft-tlfaza mlli dqq iwa d f l-bab.
.
I used to work in this school.knt kan-xdm f hadl-mdrasa.
.
-
7/29/2019 Moroccan Arabic Textbook 22
9/15
-
7/29/2019 Moroccan Arabic Textbook 22
10/15
1 7 0 M o r o c c a n A r a b i c
to sell ba having sold bay (a) )(
to buy ra having bought ari(a) )(
S o m e e x a m p l e s :
He had written he lessons. kan katb d-durus dyalu. .
She had sold her house. kant bay a d -d ar dyalha. .
I found him standing at the door. lqitu waqf f l-bab. .
He is wearing a new shirt today. huwa labs qamija jdida. .
I saw her wearing a green coat. ftha labsa k b b u t x d r. .
Everyday I see him walking onthis street.
kul nhar kan-ufu mai fhad z-znqa.
.
F o r a s m a l l g r o u p o f v e r b s , t h e a c t i v e p a r t i c i p l e m u s t b e u s e d i n o r d e r t o e x p r e s s a c u r r e n t ( i . e .
p r o g r e s s i v e ) a c t i v i t y . F o r t h e s e v e r b s , t h e p r e s e n t t e n s e e x p r e s s e s o n l y a h a b i t u a l a c t i v i t y
Verb Stem Active Participle
to sit / stay gls sitting gals
to wear lbs wearing labs
to sleep n s sleeping na s
to leave / exit xrj leaving xarj
to enter dxl entering daxl
to return rj returning raj
to stand wqf standing waqf
to travel safr traveling msafr
to rent kra renting kari
to regret ndm regretting nadm
to be quiet skt being quiet sakt
to be afraid xaf being afraid xayf
to spend thenight bat
spending thenight bayt
S o m e e x a m p l e s :
He wears a green shirt everyday. (habitual present tense)
kay-lbs qamijax d
ra kulnhar.
.
He is wearing a green shirt.(now participle)
huwa labs qamija x d ra. .
-
7/29/2019 Moroccan Arabic Textbook 22
11/15
P e a c e C o r p s / M o r o c c o 1 7 1
She goes to sleep at 10:00.(habitual present tense)
kat-n s f 10:00. 1 0 : 0 0 .
She is sleeping.(now
participle)hiya na sa.
.
P a s s i v e P a r t i c i p l e
Verb Stem Passive Participle
to write ktb (having been)written
mktub(a) )(
to open ll (having been)opened
m lul(a) )(
to sell ba (having been)sold
mbiu (a) )(
to buy ra (having been)bought
mri(a) )(
to make
(manufacture)s n
(having been)made /manufactured
m s nu (a) )(
S o m e e x a m p l e s :
This tray is made of silver.had s -s iniya m s nu a mnl-f d d a.
.
These boxes have somethingwritten on them.
had s nadq mktub lihum il- aja.
.
This letter is written; I need onlya stamp to send it.
had l-bra mktuba, x s s ni
ir t-tanbr ba n-s i f t
ha.
.
Go to my room, the door isopen.
sir l l-bit dyali rahl-bab m lul.
.
I n t r a n s i t i v e V e r b s w i t h O n l y O n e P a r t i c i p l e
Verb Stem Participle
to garnish x d d r having garnishedhaving been garnished
m x d d r(a) )(
to cover t t a having coveredhaving been covered
m t t i(a) )(
to travel safr having traveledhaving been traveled
msafr(a) )(
to rest rta
having rested
having been rested mrta
(a)
)(
to go flat tf having gone flathaving been gone flat
mfu(a) )(
to hide xbba having hiddenhaving been hidden
mxbbi(a) )(
S o m e e x a m p l e s :
-
7/29/2019 Moroccan Arabic Textbook 22
12/15
1 7 2 M o r o c c a n A r a b i c
She is traveling now becauseshe is on vacation.
hiya msafra daba itndha u t la.
.
Im relaxed since I finished mywork.
ana mrta
mlli kmmltl-xdma dyali.
.
The tajine is garnished withprunes and almonds.
t -t ajin m x d d r b l-brququ l-luz.
.
He is covered with a blanketbecause he is cold.
huwa m t t
i b l-kaa itjah l-brd.
.
She was hidden behind thedoor.
kant mxbbya mur l-bab. .
E x e r c i s e : I n t h e s e n t e n c e s b e l o w , s u p p l y t h e p r o p e r f o r m o f t h e
p a r t i c i p l e o f t h e v e r b w r i t t e n i n p a r e n t h e s e s .
1. Aicha (safr) l fransa.1. ) ( .
2. kant Sara (
ll) l-bab.2. ) ( .
3. d -d ar dyal sn (ba ) 3. ) (
4. kant Layla (ma) s-suq.4. ) ( .
5. la xlliti s-srjm ( ll).5. ) . (
6. l-bar mlli jit kant xti (n s).6. ) . (
7. l-qamija dyali (wssx).7. ) . (
8. we (sdd) l-bab dyal l-kuzina?8. ) (
9. kant Su ad ( ab) l-bar .9. ) ( .
10.t
iybt d-djaj ( mmr) b l-luz.1 0.
)
(
.
11. had l-kas ( s n ) f fransa.1 1. ) ( .
12. we kant Erika (gls) f d -d ar?1 2. ) (
13. had l-ktab (trjm) mn l- rbiya ln-ngliziya.
1 3. ) ( .
14. ana ( rf) blli djun (rj ) l-m rib.
1 4. ) ( ) ( .
C o n j u n c t i o n s
either ... or imma ... wlla . . .
Either send a letter or call me. immas i f t liya bra wlla
i y t liya f t-tilifun. .
in order to ba
I am learning Arabic in order totalk to people.
kan-t llm l- rbiya ban-tkllm m a n-nas.
.
if we
-
7/29/2019 Moroccan Arabic Textbook 22
13/15
P e a c e C o r p s / M o r o c c o 1 7 3
I want to know if you read thisbook.
b it n- rf we qriti hadl-ktab.
.
when / since mlli / mnin /
When I came to Rabat I took thetrain.
mlli / mnin jit l r-r b a t ddit t-tran.
/ .
I have been sick since I came toRabat.
mlli jit l r- r b a t u anam r i d a.
.
who / whom / which / that l-li
The man who is sitting at thattable is my friend.
r-rajl l-li gals f dikt
-t
blas
a
bi. .
The book that I read isimportant.
l-ktab l-li qrit muhimm. .
until tta
I wont sleep until I finish this
book.
ma- adi- n-n s tta
n-kmml had l-ktab. .
as soon as ir
As soon as I finished my work Iwent out.
ir kmmlt l-xdma dyali uxrjt.
.
whenever wqt mma
Whenever I am upset I cry. wqt mma tqllqt kan-bki. .
although / even though waxxa
Although John is not a Muslim
he fasts.
waxxa John mai muslim
kay- s
um. .
but welakin
I want to help you but I cant.b it n- awnk welakinma-qddit-.
.
before qbl ma
T h i s c o n j u n c t i o n r e q u i r e s t h e p r e s e n t t e n s e w i t h o u t t h e p r e f i x ka ( ) , e v e n i f t h e p a s t i s r e f e r r e d t o .
I always read before I sleep.dima kan-qra qbl man-n s.
.
after b d ma
I n s e n t e n c e s h a v i n g t h i s c o n j u n c t i o n , t h e v e r b o f t h e s u b s e q u e n t p h r a s e h a s t o b e i n t h e s a m e t e n s e a s
t h e f i r s t o n e .
After I went home, I showered.b d ma mit l d -d ar,duwt.
.
that blli
-
7/29/2019 Moroccan Arabic Textbook 22
14/15
1 7 4 M o r o c c a n A r a b i c
I knew that you werent there. rft blli ma-knti-. .
since / when / because it
Since you had a lot of work, whydid you go to the cinema?
it ndk l-xdma bzzafla miti l s-sinima?
When I was in Marrakech I wentto the Menara.
it knt f Marrakech mitl l-Menara.
.
I went to the doctor because Iwas sick.
mit lt
-t
bib
it kntmr i d .
.
because la qqa
He didnt go to school becausehe didnt wake up early.
ma-ma- l l-mdrasala qqa ma-faq- bkri.
.
without bla ma
They talked without thinking.h d
ru bla ma y-fkru. .
wherever fin mma
Wherever there is water there islife.
fin mma kayn l-ma, kaynal- ayat.
.
then ad
I ate then slept. klit ad n st. .
E x e r c i s e : F i l l i n t h e b l a n k s w i t h t h e a p p r o p r i a t e c o n j u n c t i o n f r o m t h e
l i s t .
ba it mlli la qqa ad tta blli we blama l-li welakin qbl
1. ma- adi- n-safr ____ t-ji.1. _ _ _ _ .
2. xs s k t- rfi ____ tta i aja m a s iba.2. _ _ _ _ .
3. b it n-duw ____ n-rta .3. _ _ _ _ .
4. b au y- rfu ____ kayna i mdrasa hna.4. _ _ _ _ .
5. d-dwa ____ st mlt mzyan.5. _ _ _ _ .
6. ____ kant m r i d a mat l nd t -t bib.6. _ _ _ _ .
7. b
at t-ufu ____ ma- ndha- l-wqt.7. _ _ _ _ .
8. fkkr ____ jawb.8. _ _ _ _ .
9. l-mdina ____ knt sakn fiha kbira.9. _ _ _ _ .
10. ktbt bra ____ n st.1 0. _ _ _ _ .
-
7/29/2019 Moroccan Arabic Textbook 22
15/15
P e a c e C o r p s / M o r o c c o 1 7 5
11. kay-akul ____ y- sl yddih ____kay-akul b l-fri t a.
1 1. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
.
12. ma-safrat- ____ ma- ndha- l-flus.1 2. _ __ _ .