more on auxiliaries eg, lessons 35-37: “combining auxiliaries,” “the suffixes of auxiliary...
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More on auxiliaries
EG, Lessons 35-37: “Combining Auxiliaries,” “The Suffixes of Auxiliary Verbs,” & “Tense”
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Combining Auxiliaries
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SSWBAT:
1. Demonstrate it’s possible for a
sentence to have more than one
auxiliary.
You should have called earlier.
Next month, Jim and Julie will have
been dating for two years.
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SSWBAT:
2. List the order of the auxiliaries in a
verb phrase. (review)
TENSE (MODAL) (PERFECT)
(PROGRESSIVE)
TENSE (MODAL) (Have + [-en]) (Be +
[-ing])
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Order of auxiliaries
T E N S E (M O D A L ) (H A V E + [-e n ]) (B E + [-in g ])
A U X M V
M V P
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SSWBAT:
3. State the name for a verb phrase that
is marked for both the perfect and the
progressive aspect.
The perfect progressive
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SSWBAT:
4. Identify the following components
within the AUX of a sentence’s VP:
– The modal
– The past or present perfect
– The past or present progressive
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Identify the parts of AUX
They will be hearing a speaker next
Friday.
They will be hearing a speaker next
Friday. Modal + progressive
They have already heard two other
speakers.
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Identify the parts of AUX
They have already heard two other
speakers. Present perfect
Jake and Julie have been taking
dance lessons.
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Identify the parts of AUX
Jake and Julie have been taking
dance lessons.
Present perfect progressive
Dave had been looking for a new car.
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Identify the parts of AUX
Dave had been looking for a new car.
Past perfect progressive
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Review
1. Demonstrate that a sentence can have
more than one auxiliary.
2. List the order of the auxiliaries in the
MVP.
3. State the name of MVP that is marked
for the perfect and progressive.
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Review
4. Identify: modal, past or present
perfect, past or present progressive
• We should have been there by now.
• We had been driving for three hours
when the baby finally fell asleep.
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The Suffixes of Auxiliary Verbs
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SSWBAT:
1. Name the suffix that accompanies
have to mark the perfect. State its
usual forms.
The past participle (happened before
another time)
-ed or -en
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SSWBAT:
2. Prove that the past participle form of a
verb can be different from its simple
past form.
– (Many verbs use the same form for both:
Sarah hugged her little cousin. Sarah
has hugged her little cousin before.)
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Simple past & past participle
ate, eaten--I have eaten already.
saw, seen--We have seen this before.
did, done--Jake has done the dishes.
went, gone--They have gone to class.
was/were, been--Julie has been there.
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SSWBAT:
3. Name the suffix that accompanies be
to mark the progressive. State its only
form.
Present participle (happening then)
-ing
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SSWBAT:
4. State the form auxiliaries or main
verbs take when immediately
preceded by a modal.
The infinitive (unmarked, basic) form.
You should come. He should be arriving
soon.
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SSWBAT:
1. Name the suffix used with have to mark the perfect.
2. Prove that past participle form of a verb can be different from its simple past.
3. Name the suffix used with be to mark the progressive.
4. Name the form the AUX or MV takes when it is immediately preceded by a modal.
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SSWBAT:
5. Create a sentence for each of the
following configurations of AUX:
a) Modal
Jake might be late.
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SSWBAT:
b) Past perfect
Sarah had told me that.
c) Present perfect
Julie has forgotten her pen.
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SSWBAT:
d) Modal + perfect
Dave might have written that.
e) Past progressive
Julie was talking to a friend.
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SSWBAT:
f) Present progressive
Julie is talking to a friend.
g) Modal + progressive
Julie could be talking to a friend.
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SSWBAT:
h) Past perfect progressive
Julie had been talking to a friend.
i) Present perfect progressive
Julie has been talking to a friend.
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SSWBAT:
j) Modal + perfect progressive
Julie may have been talking to a friend.
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Review
5. Create a sentence that contains:
a modal + perfect
present progressive
past perfect progressive
modal + perfect progressive
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SSWBAT:
6. Define gerund.
Verb + -ing functioning as a NOUN.
Reading is one of Dave’s hobbies.
Dave enjoys reading.
Jake likes singing in the collegiate choir.
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SSWBAT:
7. Provide two example sentences that
each include a gerund.
– Writing a good paper takes effort.
– Many people struggle with memorizing.
– After smiling, the baby started to coo.
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SSWBAT:
8. Distinguish a gerund from a verb with
progressive aspect.
– Writing a good paper takes effort.
– Jake is writing a paper.
– His favorite pastime is writing. (Note!)
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Gerund versus progressive
Jake is writing a paper.
– Jake is doing something! Progressive
His favorite pastime is writing.
– No one is doing anything.
– Linking verb + predicate nominative/
gerund
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Review
6. Define gerund.
7. Provide 2 sentences that each include a gerund.
8. Distinguish a gerund from the progressive.
• We are making good progress.• His life-long hobby has been painting.
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Tense
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SSWBAT:
1. Prove that a grammatical tense does
not necessarily match real world time
by using (a) the present progressive
and (b) the simple present to refer to a
future time.
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Present to express future
• I am going to mow the yard tomorrow.
• Her fiancé leaves Sunday morning.
• We’re spending Thanksgiving at my
parents’home.
• She sings at church every weekend.
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SSWBAT:
2. Provide two sentences that prove that
modals are not visibly marked for
tense.
• Julie may/might have been at Sarah’s
party last night.
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Modals don’t show tense.
• I will give her a call now.
• I would give her a call now, but I don’t
think she’d want to talk to me.
• They can/could go with us next
Thursday.
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SSWBAT:
3. Show that tense is marked on the first
word in the MVP. (Remember tense is
not visible on modals.)
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Tense on 1st word in MVP
• We had been planning to leave
yesterday.
• *We have were planning to leave
yesterday.
• *We should had been planning this
earlier.
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Review
1. Prove grammatical tense may not match real time.
2. Provide two sentences that show modals are not visibly marked for tense.
3. Show tense is marked on the first member of the MVP.
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SSWBAT:
4. Name the two tenses that exist in
English.
• Present & past
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Present & past
• Be is the most visibly marked verb for
tense.
• Present be; past be forms:
– am, are, is; was, were
• Future be?
– Nothing. Use infinitive (+ modal).
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SSWBAT:
5. Show how the simple present and past
are typically marked on MVs.
• Try work: I/you/she/we/they __ hard.
– Present: -s only on third person singular
– Past: -ed on all persons
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SSWBAT:
6. List at least 3 verbs that take irregular
past forms.
• Eat, ate; bite, bit; sit, sat; hear, heard;
go, went; set, set; make, made; tell,
told; say, said; feed, fed; do, did; etc.
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SSWBAT:
7. Illustrate two ways future time is
marked in English.
• Modal will (or be going to) . (MV--
infinitive form)
– We are going to/will leave after class.
– I’ll tell you later.
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Ways to mark future time
• Adverb or adverbial phrase reveals the
time is in the future.
– They graduate this coming May.
– We’re meeting to work on our
presentation after class.
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SSWBAT:
8. Demonstrate how English marks
future time on verbs in the perfect,
progressive, and perfect progressive.
• Perfect: I have finished.
• We will have finished (before you).
Modal required!
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Future time with aspect
• Progressive: We are practicing our
presentation.
• We will/are going to be practicing
our presentation. Modal.
• We are practicing our presentation
on Sunday. Adverbial phrase
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Future time with aspect
• Perfect progressive: I have been
reading for three hours.
• When the clock strikes six, I will
have been reading for three hours.
• Modal required! Adverbial
phrase/clause is very helpful.
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Review
4. Name the two verb tenses in English.
5. Show how the simple present and
simple past tenses are typically
marked on MVs.
6. List 3 verbs that have an irregular past
tense form.
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Review
7. Illustrate two ways English marks
future time.
8. Demonstrate how future time is shown
on MVPs in (a) the perfect, (b) the
progressive, and (c) the perfect
progressive aspect forms.