Moral Frameworks in Ethics

1. Md. Efthakhar Ul Alam 2. Tayeb Himel ID : 142000512 ID : 132000212

3. Real Barua 4. Mubasshwir Raihan ID : 141000312 ID : 142000712

5. Sayed Faruqi ID : 142

Group members

Objectives

Learning about Moral Framework. Theories of Moral Framework. How to solve a problem ethically. Approaches to Moral Framework. Ethical Decision making. What role does Moral Framework plays in society.

What Exactly Is Moral Framework!

An ethical framework is a set of codes that an individual uses to guide his or her behavior. Ethics are what people use to distinguish right from wrong in the way they interact with the world.

So based on your moral judgment what you think is the best solution for a particular problem is moral framework.

Why is it necessary!

Moral values help in improving behavior, instilling respect and enhancing relationships with others. Knowing what is right or wrong is an important element in life that shapes the character on an individual. Good moral values allows a person to make the right decisions and improve their interactions with other people.

Ethical Theories

Ethical theories are often broadly divided into three types: i) Consequentialist theories ii) Non-consequentialist theories iii) Agent-centered theories

i) Consequentialist Theories

o The Utilitarian Approacho The Egoistic Approacho The Common Good Approach

1. The Utilitarian Approach

To analyze an issue using the utilitarian approach, we first identify the various courses of action available to us. Second, we ask who will be affected byeach action and what benefits or harms will be derived from each. And third, we choose the action that will produce the greatest benefits and the least harm. The ethical action is the one that provides the greatest good for the greatest number.

2. The Egoistic Approach

One variation of the utilitarian approach is known as ethical egoism, or the ethics of self- interest. In this approach, an individual often uses utilitarian calculation to produce the greatest amount of good for him or herself.

3. The Common Good Approach

This approach to ethics underscores the networked aspects of society and emphasizes respect and compassion for others, especially those who are more vulnerable. 

ii.) Non-consequentialist Theories: The Duty-Based Approach

The Rights Approach

The Fairness or Justice Approach

The Divine Command Approach

The Duty-Based Approach

The duty-based approach, sometimes called deontological ethics.  Theethical action is one taken from duty, that is, it is done precisely because it

isour obligation to perform the action. Ethical obligations are the same for allrational creatures .

The Rights Approach

The second important approach to ethics has its roots in the philosophy of the18th-century thinker Immanuel Kant and others like him, who focused on theindividual's right to choose for herself or himself . what makes human beingsdifferent from mere things is that people have dignity based on their ability tochoose freely what they will do with their lives, and they have a fundamentalmoral right to have these choices respected.

The Fairness or Justice Approach

This approach stipulates that the best ethical action is that which protects the ethical rights of those who are affected by the action. It emphasizes the belief that all humans have a right to dignity. 

Act in such a way that you treat humanity, whether in your own person or in the person of another, always at the same time as an end and never simply as a means to an end.

The Divine Command Approach

As its name suggests, this approach sees what is right as the same as what God commands, and ethical standards are the creation of God’s will. Following God’s will is seen as the very definition what is ethical. Because God is seen as omnipotent and possessed of free will, God could change what is now considered ethical, and God is not bound by any standard of right or wrong short of logical contradiction. 

iii.) Agent-centered Theories:

The Virtue Approach The Feminist Approach

The Virtue Approach

The virtue approach to ethics assumes that there are certain ideals toward which we should strive, which provide for the full development of our humanity. These ideals are discovered through thoughtful reflection on what kind of people we have the potential to become.

The Feminist Approach

In recent decades, the virtue approach to ethics has been supplemented and

sometimes significantly revised by thinkers in the feminist tradition, who often

emphasize the importance of the experiences of women and othermarginalized groups to ethical deliberation. 

Frameworks For Ethical Decision-Making

The Consequentialist Framework

The Duty Framework

The Virtue Framework

The main contrasts between the three frameworks :

Applying Ethical Frameworks in Cases Recognizing an Ethical Issue Consider the Parties Involved Gather all of the Relevant Information Formulate Actions and Consider Alternatives Make a Decision and Consider It Implementing the Decision Reflect on the Outcome

Role of Moral Framework in society. Family Education Media Government Religion

As efficient actions reveal themselves to an evolving society, its people develop the means to make productive choices between one type of action and another. Some choices are decidedly better than others. This prioritizing of human actions into efficient hierarchies establishes the foundations of rule systems which later refine themselves into more sophisticated systems of morals

Evolution of Ethics

References

https://www.brown.edu/academics/science-and-technology-studies/framework-making-ethical-decisions

http://peopleof.oureverydaylife.com/society-influence-ethical-beliefs-4448.html

https://www.reference.com/world-view/importance-moral-values-7e9052f22b13b7ff?qo=contentSimilarQuestions#

https://www.scu.edu/ethics/ethics-resources/ethical-decision-making/a-framework-for-ethical-decision-making/

Introduction To Engineering Ethics By Mike W. Martin Roland Schinzinger

The Necessity of Ethics in Engineering? There are various reasons moral and

ethical.

Questions?