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MOOSARIET KUDUMBA CHARITHRAM(Malayalam)

(History of Moosariet Family)

Published by : Moosariet Kudumbayogam

Cheif Editor : Dr. Babu Joseph Kizhakkethottiyil IRS Retd.

Ist Edition : 1995

2nd Edition : 2015(Revised)

Layout & Printed at : St. Thomas Press, Pala

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BapJw (H∂mw ]Xn-∏v) ˛

BapJw (-c≠mw ]-Xn-∏v)

aqim-cn-tb´v IpSpw-_-N-cn{Xw H∂mw `mKw ˛

aqim-cn-tb-´p- imJ ˛

Ffq-°mem- imJ ˛

hen-b-]-d-ºn¬ imJ ˛

Ing-t°-sØm-´n-bn¬ imJ ˛

apXp-Im-´n¬ imJ ˛

aqim-cn-tb´p IpSpw-_-tbmKw \nb-am-hen ˛

IS-∏q-cp-]-≈nbpw aqim-cn-tb-´p-Ip-Spw-_-hpw ˛

IS-∏q-cns‚ \mƒ hgn-I-fn-eqsS ˛

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BapJw

H∂mw ]Xn∏v

aqim-cn-tb´p IpSpw-_-Øns‚ Cu Ncn{Xw ]pkvX-I-cq-

]-Øn¬ {]kn-≤o-I-cn-°m≥ R߃°p km[n-®-Xn¬ AXn-bmb

kt¥m-j-ap-≠v. IpSpw-_mw-K-ß-fpsS Bflm¿∞-amb kl-I-c-

W-tØm-sS-bmWv CXp km[n-®-Xv. CXp-s]m-semcp Ncn{Xw

FgpXn {]Im-i\w sNbvXp ImWm≥ Rß-fpsS Znhw-K-X-\mb

dh. ^m. sk_m-Ãy≥ aqim-cn-tb´v AXn-bmbn B{K-ln-°p-

Ibpw Xs‚ Pohn-X-Im-e-Øns‚ \s√mcp ̀ mKw AXn-\mbn sNe-

h-gn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. At±lw sImSp-ß-√q¿, DZbwt]cq¿,

sNºv, ISp-Øp-cp-Øn, Ipd-hn-e-ßm-Sv XpS-ßnb aqe-Ip-Spw-_-߃

Xma-kn-®n-cp∂ Ncn-{X-{]-[m-\-ß-fmb {InkvXo-b-tI-{μ-߃ ]e-

h´w kμ¿in®p tiJ-cn® Aaq-ey-hn-h-c-߃, \√ ssI∏-S-bn¬

FgpXm≥ ssIamdnb Bfn¬ \n∂pw \jvS-s∏-´p-sh∂pw AXp

hos≠-Sp-°p-hm≥ km[n-®n√ F∂pw hfsc ZpJ-tØmsS ]e-

t∏mgpw Rß-tfmSv ]d-™n-´p-≠v. CXp-hgn At±-l-Øns‚ Nnc-

Im-em-`n-emjw ]q¿Øn-bm-°m≥ km[n-®-Xn¬ kt¥m-j-ap-≠v.

CXn\p {]tNm-Z\w \¬Inb kμ¿`-߃ FSpØp ]d-

tb-≠-Xm-Wv. 1991¬ Rß-fpsS CS-hI IqS-√q¿ sk. tPmk v̂kv

]≈n ÿm]n-®-Xns‚ 150˛mw hm¿jn-Im-tLm-j-am-bn-cp-∂p. Cu

Pq_nen AXym-Uw-_-c-]q¿Δw \S-Ø-W-sa∂p _. hnIm-cnbpw

tbmK-°mcpw Xocp-am-\n-®-t∏mƒ CXns‚ kvacW \ne-\n¿Øm≥

Hcp kvac-WnI (kp-h-\o¿) IqSn thW-sa∂p \n¿t±-i-ap-≠mbn.

AXn-\mbn CS-h-I-bnse IpSpw-_mw-K-߃ Ah-cpsS eLp-N-

cn{Xw FgpXn t^mt´mbpw tN¿Øp sImSp-°-W-sa∂p ]d-™p.

kvac-Wn-I-bn¬ sImSp-°p∂ IpSpw-_-N-cn-{X-Øns‚ cq]hpw

`mhhpw GI-Xm-cq-]-Øn-em-I-W-sa∂pw AXn-\mbn Hcp amXrI

Fgp-Xn-s°m-Sp-°m≥ Cu IpSpw-_mw-K-amb apXp-Im-́ n¬ Fw. Un.

tPmk-^n-t\m-Sm-h-iy-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. AX-\p-k-cn®v

tPmk^v sImSpØ `mKw At±-l-Øns‚bpw `mcy Gen-bm-Ω-

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bp-sSbpw t^mt´mbpw tN¿Øv A®-Sn-∏n®v IqS-√q¿ CS-hI apgp-

h≥ hnX-cWw sNbvXp. F∂m¬, GtXm Imc-W-Øm¬ kvac-

Wn-I-{]-kn-≤o-I-cWw Dt]-£n-°p-I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv.

kvac-Wn-Ibv°v kmºnƒ tIm∏n Fßs\ Fgp-X-W-

sa-∂m-tem-Nn-°m≥ IpSpw-_m-K-ß-fn¬ {][m-\-s∏-´-hsc 15.6.91

¬ apXp-Im-´n¬ £Wn®p hcpØn GI-tZ-i-cq]w a\- n-em-°n.

hn≠pw 23.6.1991 ¬ IqSp-X¬ AwK-ßsf £Wn-°p-Ibpw ]q¿W-

cq]w hcpØn ]I¿∏v ]≈n-bn¬ G¬∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

AtXm-sSm∏w taen¬ F√m amkhpw \ΩpsS F√mw IpSpw-

_mw-K-ß-sfbpw apS-ßmsX ]s¶-Sp-∏n®v tbmKw \S-Ø-W-sa∂pw

\ΩpsS IpSpw-_m-Khpw ]mem IØo-{U¬ ]≈n Akn. hnIm-

cn-bp-am-bn-cp∂ dh. ^m. tPmkns\ £Wn®p hcp-Ø-W-sa∂pw

Xocp-am-\n-®p. Aßs\ 28.7.1991 ¬ Ing-t°-sØm-´n-bn¬ {io.

sI. ]n. tPmk-^ns‚ hk-Xn-bn¬ IqSnb tbmK-Øn¬ At±lw

k∂n-ln-X-\m-bn-cp-∂p. Cu tbmK-Øn¬ IpSw-_-Øns‚ aqe-N-

cn{Xw Ign-bp-∂n-S-tØmfw tiJ-cn®p ]pkvX-I-am°n IpSpw-_-

ß-fn¬ hnX-cWw sNø-W-sa∂pw \n¿t±-i-ap-≠m-bn. AXn-\mbn

_. tPmk-®s‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ {io. Fw. ]n. tXmakv Xp≠-

Øn-te-´v, tPm¿÷v hen-b-]-d-ºn¬ (A-∏-®≥), tXmakv apXp-Im-

´n¬ F∂n-hsc aqe-Ip-Spw_w ÿnXn sNbvXn-cp∂ sNºv, sImSp-

ß-√q¿, ISp-Øp-cp-Øn, Ipd-hn-e-ßmSv apX-emb ÿeßfpw Ahn-

SpsØ ]≈n-Ifpw kμ¿in-°m≥ Npa-X-e-s∏-Sp-Øn. IqSmsX

{]m¿∞\m ssNX-\y-ap≈ Hcp \√ IqSpw-_-ambn IpSpw-_mw-K-

߃ h¿Øn-°p-sa-∂pw ]c-kv]c kvt\lhpw kulm¿±-Xbpw

F∂pw \ne-\n¿Øn F√m-hcpw {]h¿Øn-°p-sa∂pw {]m¿∞-

\-tbm-Sp-IqSn GI-kz-c-Øn-¬ {]Xn-⁄bpw FSp-Øp. ASpØ

tbmKw a‰-∏-≈n¬ h¿°n-bpsS ho´n¬ 11.8.1991¬ tN¿∂p. BZy-

ambn ho≠pw {]Xn⁄ ]pXp°n {]m¿∞n-®p. ]n∂oSp 14.9.1991

¬ Xp≠-Øn-te´p tXma-kns‚ hk-Xn-bn¬ tN¿∂p tbmK-`m-

c-hm-ln-Isf sXc-s™-Sp-Øp. c£m-[n-Im-cn-bmbn dh. ^m.

tPmkv aqim-cn-tb-´n-s\bpw {]kn-U-≠mbn {io. Fw. Un. tPmk-

^n-s\bpw sk{I´dn-bmbn {io. Fw. ]n. tXma-kn-s\bpw A©p

IΩn-‰n-°m-scbpw sXc-s™-Sp-Øp.

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Cßs\ F√m amkhpw apS-°-an-√msX C∂p-hsc IpSpw-

_-tbm-K-߃ \S-°p-∂p-≠v. CXn-\n-S-bn¬ Znhw-K-X-\mb IpSpw-

_mwKw _. sk_m-Ãy-\-®s‚ 5 ̨ mw Nc-a-hm¿jnIw 1992 PqWn¬

\S-Øn. XZ-h-k-c-Øn¬ IpSpw-_-Øn-ep≈ F√m sshZn-Icpw

tN¿∂p kaq-l-_-enbpw I_-dn-S-Øp-¶¬ H∏okpw hen-b-]-d-

ºn¬ {im≤hpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p.

F√m IpSpw-_-tbm-K-ß-fnepw Ncn-{Xm-t\z-j-W-Øns‚

]ptcm-KXn hne-bn-cp-Øp-Ibpw In´n-s°m≠ncp∂ hnh-c-߃

Fgp-Xp-hm≥ {]kn-U‚ns\ Npa-X-e-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Cu

hnh-c-ß-sf√mw tN¿Øv CXp ]pkvX-I-cq-]-Øn-em-°m≥ th≠n

Hcp FUn-t‰m-dn-b¬ t_m¿Un-s\bpw sXc-s™-Sp-Øp Npa-X-e-

s∏-SpØn. AXns‚ {]kn-U‚mbn {io. Fw. Un. tPmk^pw

AwK-ß-fmbn Fw. ]n. tXma-kv, tPm¿÷v hen-b-]-d-ºn¬., kÆn

a‰-∏-≈n¬, tZhkym aqim-cn-tb´v F∂n-hcpw Npa-X-e-tb-‰p.

26.8.1992 ¬ aqim-cn-tb-´p-Ip-Spw-_-tbmKØns‚ H∂mw

hm¿jn-Im-tLm-jhpw apXp-Im-´n¬ imJm-Im-c-W-h¿ tZh-kym-

bpsS 25˛mw Nc-a-hm¿jn-Ihpw BtLm-j-ambn \S-Øn. IpSpw-

_mw-K-ß-fmb F√m sshZn-Icpw tN¿∂v IqS-√q¿ ]≈n-bn¬

h®p kaq-l-_-enbpw H∏okpw ho´n¬ {im≤hpw D≠m-bn-cp-

∂p. ]n∂oSp IpSpw-_-hm¿jn-I-tbmKw _. hnImcn sk_m-Ãy≥

\S-bv°-e-®s‚ A≤y-£-X-bn¬ apXp-Im-´n¬ tNcp-Ibpw IpSpw-

_-Iq-´m-bva-bpsS A\n-hm-cyX hni-Zo-I-cn®p a\- n-em-°n-Ø-cp-

Ibpw sNbvXp. XZ-h-k-c-Øn¬ Akn. hnImcn dh. ̂ m. tPmk v̂

ISp-∏nepw kw_-‘n-®n-cp-∂p. XpS¿∂pw F√m amkhpw IpSpw-

_-tbm-K-߃ apS-ßmsX \S-Øn-s°m-≠n-cp-∂p.

Bkmw-cq-]-X-bn¬ sshZn-I-]-T-\-Øn\p t]mbn-cp∂

Ing-t°-sØm-´n-bn¬ imJmw-K-amb a‰-∏-≈n¬ h¿°n-bpsS Cf-

b-a-I≥ kn_n-®≥ F∂p hnfn-°p∂ {^m≥knkv 10.1.1995¬ IqS-

√q¿]-≈n-bn¬ h®p ]utcm-lnXyw kzoI-cn®v BZy-_en A¿∏n-

®p. Cu IpSpw-_-Ønse A©m-asØ sshZn-I-\m-W-t±-lw.

FUn-t‰m-dn-b¬I-Ωn-‰nsb F¬]n® Npa-X-e-Iƒ 1995

Pq¨ amk-tØmsS ]q¿Øn-bm-°n. AXns‚ t^mt´m-Ãm‰v

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tIm∏n FSpØv Bh-iy-amb Xncp-Ø-ep-Iƒ°v _. t]mƒ

A®s\ (Xp-≠-Øn-te v́) G¬]n-®p. Aßs\ ̂ m. Fw. ‰n. t]mƒ

aqim-cn-tb-́ ns‚ (ko-\n-b¿) 25˛mw ]utcm-ln-Xy-Pq-_nenbmtLm-

j-Øn-s‚bpw _. hey-®≥ sk_m-Ãy≥ aqim-cn-tb-´n-s‚bpw

kvacW \ne-\n¿Øp-∂-Xn-\p-th≠n Cu Ncn{Xw R߃ {]kn-

≤o-I-cn-°p-∂p.

AXn-]p-cm-X-\-amb Hcp IpSpw-_-Øns‚ al-Ømb ̀ qX-

Imew C∂sØ Xe-apd Hm¿Ωn°m\pw BZn-ap-X¬ \mw

XpS¿∂p t]m∂ i‡-amb IpSpw-_-Iq-´m-bvasb Du´n-bp-d-∏n-

bv°m\pw k¿tΔm-]cn \ap°p \sΩ-°p-dn®p Xs∂ Hc-dn-hp-

≠m-I-W-sa∂ B{K-l-hp-amWv CXn\p Rßsf t{]cn-∏n-®-Xv.

\mSn‚ \m-\m-`m-KØpw hntZ-iØpw hyXy-kvX-ß-fmb Pohn-

Xm-¥- n¬ Ign-™p-Iq-Sp∂ IpSpw-_mw-K-ßsf ]c-kv]cw Adn-

bp-∂-Xn\v CXp-hgn CS-bm-I-W-sa-∂-XmWp Rß-fpsS e£y-

ß-fn¬ {][m-\w.

\man∂p kz¥-am-°n-bn´p≈ F√m kuI-cy-߃°pw

]n∂n¬ {]h¿Øn® \ΩpsS ]q¿Δn-Isc Ncn-{X-Øns‚ Xmfp-

I-fn¬ Is≠-ØpI hgn Ah-cpsS Pohn-XmZ¿i-߃ ]n¥p-ScpI

F∂ _m≤yXbmWp \mta-s‰-Sp-°p-∂-Xv. ap≥Im-e-ß-fn¬ Ncn-

{X-Øn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-ØpIsb∂Xv Hcp \yq\-]£w A[n-Im-cn-

Isf am{X-am-bn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬, C∂p kaq-l-Øn¬ Pohn®p

IS-∂p-t]m-b-h¿s°√mw Ncn-{X-Øn¬ ]¶p-≠v F∂ hnim-e-

ho-£-W-am-Wp-≈-Xv. kaq-l-Øns‚ Ncn{Xw IpSp-_-ß-fp-sSbpw

hy‡n-I-fp-sSbpw Ncn-{X-am-Wv.

]pcm-X-\-amb aqim-cn-tb-́ p-Ip-Spw-_-Øns‚ Ncn{Xw F√m-

hcpw ad-∂n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. Bbp¿tΔ-Z-Nn-In’ kw_-‘n® Xmfn-

tbme-{K-Ÿ-߃, Ncn-{X-]-c-amb a‰ptc-J-Iƒ, Ub-dn-°p-dn-∏p-

Iƒ XpSßn \ap°p kz¥-am-bp-≠m-bn-cp∂ ]eXpw Ime-{]-

hm-l-Øn¬ \jvS-s∏-´p-t]m-bn. AXn-\m¬ Ign™ Xe-ap-d-Iƒ

]d-™p-X∂ Imcy-ß-fmWp apJy-ambn \ΩpsS Ncn-{X-Øn-\m-

[m-cw.

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Irjn-sb-am{Xw B{ibn®p Pohn®p t]m∂ \ΩpsS

IpSpw-_mw-K-ß-fn-¬ `qcn-`m-Khpw `qhn-kvXo¿Whpw ^e-`q-bn-

jvS-amb aÆpw At\z-jn®p hnZq-c-ÿ-eß-fn¬ t]mbn Xma-k-

am-°n. X∑qew IpSpw-_-]-c-amb sFIyw Aev]-sa-¶nepw \jvS-

s∏-Sp-Ibpw ]c-kv]-c-_‘w C√m-Xm-Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp. AXns\

Iq´n-tbm-Pn-∏n-°m\pw ]pXnb Xe-ap-d-Iƒ°p ]c-kv]-c-_-‘-

Øns‚ \qen-g-Iƒ ImWn-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-hm\pw Cu {KŸw hgn

km[n-°p-sa∂p R߃ hniz-kn-°p-∂p.

{InkvXobaqey-߃ ]Tn-°m\pw hf¿Øm\pw kwc-

£n-°m\pw \ΩpsS ]q¿Δn-I¿ ImWn® Xmev]-cyhpw Pbm-]-P-

b-ßsf Ah¿ I≠ hn[hpw \mw a\- n-em-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. Cu

IpSpw_w sImSp-ß-√q¿ apX¬ sNº-ph-c-sbpw Ahn-sS-\n∂pw

ISp-Øp-cpØn, Ipd-hn-e-ßm-Sv, IS-∏qcv hscbpw hs∂-Ønb Ncn-

{X-sØ-°p-d-n-®p≈ B[n-Im-cn-I-tc-J-I-fpsS A`mhw Xo¿°p-∂Xp

]mc-º-cy-hn-izm-k-ß-fm-Wv. AXns‚ kw{K-l-amWv Cu {KŸw.

CXns‚ D≈-S°w aqim-cn-tb´p tXmΩm-°m-c-W-h¿

apX¬ a°-Øm-b-{I-a-Øn\v A©p imJ-I-fmbn Xncn™ IpSpw-

_-ß-fpsS Ncn-{X-am-Wv. aqim-cn-tb-́ v, Ffq-°m-em, hen-b-]-d-ºn¬,

Ing-t°-sØm-́ n-bn¬, apXp-Im-́ n¬ F∂v Cu imJm-Ip-Spw-_-߃

Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. Cu IpSpw-_-ß-fpsS PohnXw, hnZy-m`ymkw,

XpS-ßn-b-hbpw Ct∏m-gp≈ Xe-ap-d-bpsS hnh-c-ßfpw CXn¬

Dƒs°m-≈n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. I¿Ω-\n-c-Xcpw A\p-I-ºm-]q-cn-Xcpw

XymtKm-÷z-e-cp-am-bn-cp∂ H´-\-h[n ap≥Km-an-Iƒ Cu IpSpw-_-

ß-fn¬ Zo]w sXfn®p km`n-am\w IS-∂p-t]m-bn. ssZh-kvt\-l-

Ønepw kaq-Zm-b-tk-h-\-Ønepw s]mXp-{]-h¿Ø-\-ß-fnepw thcq-

∂nb Ah-cpsS Pohn-X-Z¿i-\-߃ Cu IpSpw-_-N-cn-{X-Øn-eqsS

A\m-h-cWw sNø-s∏-Sp-∂-tXm-sSm∏w Ah aqim-cn-tb´p IpSpw-

_-Øn-s‚bpw Ah-tcmSp {]Xy-£-ambpw ]tcm-£-ambpw _‘-

s∏´ F√m-h-cp-sSbpw XpS¿∂p≈ Iq´m-bvabv°pw A`yp-∂-Xn°pw

Imc-W-am-Is´ F∂v Biw-kn-°p-Ibpw {]m¿∞n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-

∂p.

aqim-cn-tb-´p-Ip-Spw-_-N-cn{Xw F∂ Cu {KŸw FgpXn

]q¿Øn-bm-°p-∂-Xn\p cq]-h-XvI-cn® FUn-t‰m-dn-b¬ t_m¿Un¬

F√m imJ-I-fn¬ \n∂pw Hmtcm AwKsØ sXc-s™-SpØn-

cp∂p. Ah¿ t]mbn At\z-jn®p tiJ-cn-®-Xp-Iq-SmsX IØp-

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Iƒ hgnbpw IpSpw-_-c-Pn-ÿ Ab®pw amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ aptJ-

\bpw hnh-c-߃ tiJ-cn-®p. CXn-\p-]p-dsa ]q¿Æ hnhcw

In´mØ hoSp-I-fn¬ ho≠pw t]mbn t\cn¬ tiJ-cn-°m\pw

A√mØ ÿe-ß-fn¬ IØp-Iƒ Ab®pw Hcp Ah-km\ {iaw

IqsS \S-Øn-sb-¶nepw ]q¿Æ-ambn F∂p R߃ Ah-Im-i-

s∏-Sp-∂n-√. Aßs\ CXp ]q¿Øn-bm-°m≥ 4 h¿jw ka-b-sa-

Sp-Øp. F√m-h-cp-sSbpw hnhcw 1995 Pqembv amkw H∂mw Xob-

Xn-bnse \ne-bm-Wv.

]c-kv]-c-k-l-I-c-W-tØmSpw £a-tbmSpw Bflm¿∞-

X-tbmSpw IqSn CXn¬ kl-I-cn® IpSpw-_mw-K-ß-fmb sshZn-

I¿°pw apJy-]-I¿∏p ]cn-tim-[n®p \n¿t±-i-߃ \¬Inb dh.

^m. t]mƒ Xp≠-Øn-te-´n\pw c£m-[n-Imcn ^m. tPmk-®\pw

Ffq-°m-em-N-cn{Xw ]q¿Øn-bm-°m≥ km[n-°m-Xn-cp∂ Hcp

kμ¿`-Øn¬ Bh-iy-amb tcJ-Iƒ tiJ-cn-®p-X∂ Xp≠-Øn-

te´p cmPphn\pw (t]mƒ) X¶-®\pw (sk-_m-Ãy≥) CXns‚

A®-Sn°m-h-iy-amb ̂ ≠p X∂pw tiJ-c-W-Øn\pw kl-I-cn®p

klm-bn® hntZ-iØpw kztZ-i-Øp-ap≈ F√m-h¿°pw

hninjym hm¿≤Iyw ]cn-K-Wn-°msX F√m IpSpw-_-tbm-K-ß-

fnepw k∂n-ln-X-cmbn Rßsf t{]m’m-ln-∏n® {io. sI. ]n.

tPmk^v Ing-t°-sØm-´n-bn¬, a‰-∏≈n¬ h¿°n, aqim-cn-tb´p

\n∂p ]≈-Øp-Xm-a-kn-°p∂ ss]tem-®≥ F∂n-h¿°pw {]tXy-

I-ambn Cu IpSpw-_-Iq´mbva \ne-\n¿Øm≥ \nc-¥cw {]m¿∞n-

®p-t]m-cp∂ \ΩpsS IpSp-_-Ønse F√m I\ym-kv{Xo-Iƒ°pw

\μn ]d-bp-∂p.

CXn¬ ZnhwK-X-\mb aqim-cn-tb´p hey-®s‚ (^m.

sk_m-Ãy≥) ]utcm-lnXy kzoI-c-W-th-f-bn¬ 1931 ¬ hmcm-

∏pg h®p- imJm amXm-]n-Xm-°-tfmSpw ktlm-Z-c-ß-tfmSpw H∏w

FSpØ t^mt´m-bpw, a‰p IpSpw-_mw-K-ß-fpsS t^mt´m-Iƒ 1995

Pqembv amkw 31˛mw XobXn hsc In´n-bXpw tN¿Øn-´p-≠v.

FUn-t‰m-dn-b¬t_m¿Un\p th≠n

Fw. Un tPmk^v apXp-Im-´n¬

(No^v FUn-‰¿)

IS-∏qcv

31.07.1995

18

BapJw

c≠mw ]Xn∏v

1995˛¬ aqim-cn-tb´v IpSpw-_tbmK-Øns‚ ÿm]I {]kn-

U-‚mbncp∂ bix-i-co-c-\mb apXp-Im-´n¬ {io Fw.-Un. tPmk-

^n-s‚bpw a‰v FUn-t‰m-dn-b¬ t_m¿Uv AwK-ß-fp-tSbpw

A{im¥ ]cn-{i-a-^-e-ambmWv \ap°v Hcp IpSpw_ Ncn{Xw

FgpXn {]kn-≤o-I-cn-°p-hm≥ km[n-®-Xv. AXv \ΩpsS IpSpw-_-

Øn\v Atß-b‰w A`n-am-\n-°p-hm≥ km[n-°p∂ Hcp aplq¿Ø-

am-bn-cp-∂p. \ΩpsS IpSpw-_-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ Hcp B[n-Im-cnI

Ncn-{X-tc-J-bmWXv. IpSpw-_-N-cn{Xw ]q¿Øn-bm°n {]kn-≤o-

I-cn -°p-∂-Xn\v Ah¿ \S-Øn-bn-´p≈ ]cn-{i-a-߃°pw,

IS∂pt]mb IjvS-∏m-Sp-Iƒ°pw \mw F∂pw Ah-tcmSv IS-s∏-

´n-cn-°p-∂p. AXn-\p-tijw \o≠ c≠v Zim-_vZ-߃ ]n∂n-´n-

cn°p-∂p. Ime-N-{I-Øns‚ A\p-kyqX Nw{I-a-W-Øn¬ ]pXp-X-

e-ap-d-Iƒ \msº-Sp-Øp. A∂-sØ -Ip-´n-Iƒ C∂v IpSpw-_-\m-Y-

∑m-cmbpw sNdp-∏-°m¿ htbm-[n-I-cmbpw, htbm[n-I¿ Hm¿Ω-

®n-{X-ß-fmbpw amdp-Ibpw sNbvXp. aqim-cn-tbmSv IpSpw-_-tbmKw

AXns‚ kn¬h¿ Pq_nen h¿j-Øn-te°v {]thin-°p-I-bmWv.

Pq_nen h¿j-Øn-te°v {]th-in-°p∂ Cu thf-bn¬ \ΩpsS

IpSpw-_-N-cn-{X-Øns‚ ]p\x-{]-kn-≤o-I-c-Ww, AXm-bXv Hcp

c≠mw ]Xn∏v Bh-iy-am-Wv F∂ A`n-{]mbw DcpØncnbp-I-

bpw, AXv Cu Pq_nen h¿jm-cw-`-Øn¬ Xs∂ {]kn-≤o-I-cn-

°p-Ibpw sNø-W-sa∂v \ΩpsS IpSpw-_-tbm-K-Øn¬ Xocp-am\w

FSp-°p-Ibpw sNbvX-Xns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-emWv Cu ]cn-jvI-

cn® c≠mw ]Xn∏v {]kn-≤o-I-cn-°p-hm≥ apXn-cp-∂-Xv. F√m IpSpw-

_mw-K-ß-tfmSpw BZy ]Xn-∏n-\p-ti-j-ap≈ hnh-c-ßfpw, IpSpw-

_-N-n-{X-ßfpw a‰pw \n›-n-X Xob-Xn-°Iw X∂v CXn¬ kl-I-

cn-°-W-sa∂v IpSpw-_-tbm-K-ß-fn-¬ h®pw, t\cn´pw, t^mWn-eq-

sSbpw a‰pw ]e {]mhiyw A`y¿∞n-®n-cp-∂p. `qcn-]£w Bfp-

Ifpw kl-I-cn-s®-¶nepw F√m-h-cn¬ \n∂pw X°-k-a-bØv

]q¿Æ-amb ]n¥p-Wbpw kl-I-c-Whpw In´n F∂v Ah-Im-i-

19

s∏-Sm-\m-hn-√. hnZqc ÿe-ß-fn-ep-≈-h-tcmSv t^mWnepw, IØn-

eq-sSbpw, Nne-bn-S-ß-fn-¬ t\cn´pw t]mbn hnh-c-߃ tiJ-cn-

°p-hm≥ {ian®p F¶nepw AXpw th≠-hn[w ]q¿Æ-ambn F∂p

Icp-Xp-∂n-√. Bb-Xns‚ tIm´-ßfpw Ipd-hp-Ifpw BZy-]-Xn-∏n-

se∂ t]mse Iptd-sb-¶nepw Cu c≠mw ]Xn-∏nepw ImWm-

Xn-cn-°m-\n-S-bn-√. GsX-¶nepw Ime-L-´-Øn¬ CXns‚ aq∂mw

]Xn∏v {]kn-≤o-I-cn-°m≥ CS-h-∂m¬ F√m-h-cp-tSbpw ]q¿Æ

kl-I-c-W-tØmsS \qdp-i-X-am\w IrXyX-tbmsS BbXv

shfn®w ImWp-hm≥ CS-bm-Ipw F∂v \ap°v {]Xym-in-°mw.

Hcp- km-ln-Xy-krjvSn Hcm-fp-sS am{Xw Iem-km-lnXy

t_m[-Øn¬\n∂v Dbn-cm-Ip-∂-Xm-Wv. ]t£ CXp-t]m-se-bp≈

Hcp {KŸ-kr-jvSn- At\-I-cpsS Iq´m-bva-bn¬ \n∂pw A{im-¥-

]-cn-{i-a-Øn¬ \n∂pw Dcp-Øn-cn-bp-∂-XmWv. CXn\v Iq´mb ]cn-

{i-ahpw F√m-h-cp-sSbpw \n¿tem-`-amb -kl-I-c-Whpw- th-Ww.

\ΩpsS FUn-t‰m-dn-b¬ t_m¿Un-s‚bpw `c-W-k-anXn AwK-

ß-fp-tSbpw ]cn-{i-a-߃ C°m-c-W-Øm¬ Xs∂ {]iw-k-\o-

b-am-Wv.

IpSpw-_-N-cn-{X-Øns‚ H∂mw ]Xn-∏n¬ \ΩpsS IpSpw-_-

N-cn-{X-w kw£n-]vX-amb hnh-cn-®n-´p-≠v. IpSpw-_-Øns‚ D¤-h-

sØbpw a‰pw Ipdn®v ]n∂oSv tiJ-cn® Nne hnh-c-߃ IqSn

Cu ]Xn-∏n¬ tN¿°p-∂p.

{InkvXn-hn-\p-apºv GXm≠v Bbncw h¿j-߃°p apºv

Xs∂ tIc-fhpw a≤y-]q¿tΔ-jy≥ cmPy-ßfpw XΩn¬ hym]m-

c-_‘w \ne-\n-∂n-cp-∂p. apkn-cnkv F∂v hntZ-inIfpw apNn-cn,

sImSpw tIfq¿ F∂pw a‰pw \m´p-Imcpw hnfn-®n-cp-∂p C∂sØ

sImSp-ß√q¿ tImgn-t°m-Sn\v kao-]-ap≈ sXm≠n, \nc-Ww,

sIm√w, sIma-cn, (I-\ym-Ip-am-cn) XpS-ßnb Xpd-ap-J-]-´-W-ßfm-

bn-cp∂p ]pcm-X-\-tI-c-f-Ønse {][m\ hym]m-c-tI-{μ-߃.

tIcfhpw Xan-gv\m-Spw, I¿Æm-S-I-bp-sSbpw B{‘m-bp-

sSbpw GXm\pw `mK-ßfpw tN¿∂ `q{]tZ-isØ P\-ß-fpsS

`mj Xangv Bbn-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ Cu {]tZ-isØ H∂mbn "Xan-

gIw' F∂mWv hnfn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. Cu {]tZ-i-ß-fnse kwkm-c-

`mj Xan-gm-bn-cp∂psh¶nepw hym]m-c-tI-{μ-ß-fn¬ lo{_p, Ad-

20

amb ̀ mj-Iƒ k¿Δ-km-[m-c-W-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cp-∂p. AXn\p

ImcWw blqZ hym]m-cn-Ifp-sS _mlpeyw Xs∂. Xan-gIw

aq∂p cmPy-ß-fmbn Xncn-®n-cp-∂p. sImSp-ß-√q-¿ (ap-kn-cn-kv)

Bÿm-\-am°n tNc-cm-Pm-°-∑mcpw, a[p-c-tI-{μ-am°n ]mWvUy

-cm-P-°-∑mcpw Imthcn]-´Ww Bÿm-\-am°n tNmf cmPm-°-

∑m-cp-amWv A°m-eØv `cWw \S-Øn-bn-cp-∂-Xv.

a¨kq¨Im-‰ns‚ klm-b-Øm¬ IS-en-eqsS I∏-ep-Iƒ°v

Xpd-ap-J-tØ°v thK-Øn¬ FØm-sa-∂p-ap≈ kuIcyw

sIm≠pw Ahbv°v Xpd-ap-J-Øp-\n∂v ]´-W-Øns‚ Dƒ{]-tZ-i-

ß-fn-te°v \o≠p-In-S-°p∂ tXmSpI-fn-eqsS ]≠-I-im-e-I-fn-

te°v Ffp-∏-Øn¬ FØn-s∏-Sm-\p≈ kuIcyw sIm≠pw A°m-

eØv G‰hpw {][m\ kpK-‘-hy-⁄\ hym]m-c-tI-{μ-ambn

sImSp-ß-√q¿ (ap-kn-co-kv) ]´Ww hnI-k\w {]m]n-®n-cp-∂p.

hntZi hym]m-c-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´v [mcmfw blq-Zcpw Ad-_n-

Ifpw, {Ko°p-Im-cpw, t]¿jy-°mcpw sImSp-ß-√q-cn¬ Xma-kn-®n-

cp-∂p.

_n.-kn. Ime-L-´-Øn¬ Xs∂ tIc-f-Øn¬ {_m“-W-k-

aqlw {]_-e-cpw -kº∂cp-am-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶nepw sslμ-h-aXw

Hcp aX-sa∂ \ne-bn¬ {]Nm-c-Øn-em-bn-cp-∂n-√. kaq-l-Øn¬

NmXp¿h¿Wy-hy-h-ÿbpw Abn-Øm-Nm-c-ßfpw \ne-\n-∂n-cp-∂p.

km[m-c-W-P-\-߃°n-S-bn¬ _p≤-ssP-\-a-X-ß-fm-bn-cp∂p {]Nm-

c-Øn-en-cp-∂-Xv. lnμpt£{X kwkv°mcw hym]-I-am-bn-cp-∂n-

√. BNm-cm-\p-jvTm-\-߃ {_m“-W-Ip-Spw-_-ß-fn-embn HXp-ßn-

\n-∂p.

Cu ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ F.-Un. 52 ¬ tXmam-«olm sImSp-

ß-√q-cn¬ I∏-en-d-ßn. A°m-eØv {_m“-W¿, £{Xn-b¿,

sshiy¿, iq{Z¿ F∂n-ßs\ kaq-lw hn`-Pn-°s∏-´n-cn°p-∂p.

{]_-e-k-ap-Zm-b-am-bn-cp∂ {_m“-W-cn¬ \n∂pw ChnsS IpSn-

tb-dn-bn-cp∂ blq-Z-cn¬ \n∂pw H´-\-h[n Bfp-Isf kXy-hn-

izmkw Adn-bn-°p∂-Xn\pw, {ItaW Hcp henb \{kmWn kap-

Zm-bsØ sI´n-∏-Sp-°p-∂-Xn\pw «olm°v Ign-™p. A£-c-

⁄m\w A°m-eØv {_m“-W¿°pw hntZ-in-b¿°pw am{Xsa

D≠m-bn-cp-∂p-≈q.

21

tNc-cmPyw A°m-eØv DZn-b≥ tNcn-em-Z≥ F∂ tNc

cmPm-hns‚ `c-W-Øn≥ Iogn-embncp∂p-F∂v Ncn-{X-Im-c-∑m¿

A`n-{]m-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. NmXp¿h¿Wy kwkv°mcw \S-am-Sn-bn-cp∂

cmPyØv {]_-e-cmb {_m“-Wcpw blq-Zcpw tN¿∂v cq]-s∏´

\{kmWn kaqlw A∂v ""A©ph¿Æw'' F∂ t]cn-\m¬ Adn-

b-s∏-´p. kaq-l-Øn¬ BZ-c-Wo-b-cm-bn-cp∂ Cu A©mw h¿Æ-

°m-¿°v ]m¿°m-\mbn ]n¬°m-eØv A∂sØ `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-

Iƒ aWn{Kmaw F∂ t]cn¬ Hcp {]tZiw Xs∂ A\p-h-Zn-®p-

sIm-Sp-Øn-cp-∂p. c≠mw \q‰m-≠n¬ cNn-°-s∏-´-Xmbn Icp-X-s∏-

Sp∂ aWn-ta-L-e-sb∂v kwL-Im-e-Ir-Xn-bn¬ ""Cuim-\n-Iƒ''

F∂-t]-cn¬ sImSp-ß-√q-cn¬ ]m¿Øn-cp∂ \{km-Wn-Itf ]cm-

a¿in-°p-∂p-≠v.

hf¿®-{]m-]n® Cu kaqlw tIc-f-Øns‚ CX-c-`m-K-ß-fn-

te°v hym]n-®p. C°m-e-Øp-Xs∂ tXΩm-«olm t{]jnX

{]h¿Ø\w \S-Ønb ]me-bq¿ (Nm-h-°m-Sv), tIm -́°m-hv, tIm°-

aw-K-ew, sIm√w, \nc-Ww, \ne-bv°¬, Xncp-hn-Xmw-tImSv XpS-

ßnb ÿe-ß-fnepw {InkvXob kaqlw hf¿®-{]m-]n®p XpS-

ßn-bn-cp-∂p.

F.-Un. 345 ¬ kndn-bm-bn¬ \n∂pw, hym]m-cn-bm-bn-cp∂

Iv\mbn-sXm-a -Ωs‚ t\Xr-Xz -Øn¬ Fgp-]-Øn-c -t≠mfw

{InkvXob IpSpw-_-߃ sImSp-ß-√q-scØn Xmakw XpS-ßn-b-

tXmsS {InkvXym-\n-Iƒ IqSp-X¬ i‡-cm-bn. tNc≥ sN¶p-´-

hs‚ Ime-tijw (\memw \q‰m-≠v) BZysØ tNc-km-{amPyw

£bn-®p-Xp-S-ßn. ]n∂oSv ]mfiycpw, tNmfcpw hS-°p-\n∂p h∂

ImZw-_cpw \S-Ønb At\Iw B{I-a-W-߃°v sImSp-ß-√q¿

hnt[-b-am-Ip-Ibpw P\-߃ tIc-f-Øns‚ a‰p-{]-tZ-i-ß-fn-te°v

IpSn-tb-dn-∏m¿°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

Ad_v cmPy-ß-fnse ap…nw aX-hym-]-\-tØmsS sImSp-

ß-√q-cn-te°pw ap…nw IpSn-tb-‰-ap-≠m-Ip-Ibpw Chn-StØ Ad-

_n-Iƒ ap…nw aX-Øn-te°v ]cn-h¿Ø\w sNø-s∏-Sp-Ibpw

sNbvXp. \n¿_‘nX aX-]-cn-h¿Ø\w D≠mtb°ptam F∂v

`b∂v \{km-Wn-Iƒ Iq´-ambn a‰p-{]-tZ-i-ß-fn-te°v IpSn-tb-dn.

Ah¿ {][m-\-ambpw DZ-bw-t]-cq¿, Ipd-hn-e-ßm-Sv, ISp-Øp-cp-Øn,

22

Im™n-c-∏≈n XpS-ßnb ÿe-ß-fn-te-°mWv IpSn-tb-dn-∏m¿Ø-

Xv. tNc-km-{am-Pym-cw`w apX¬ Xs∂ tImX-\-√q¿ Bÿm-\-

am°n {]_-e-amb Hcp \m´p-cmPyw \ne-hn-en-cp-∂p. sX°v

sX°pw-Iq¿, hS°v hS-°pw-Iq¿, Ing°v ao\-®n¬, ]Sn-™mdv

sNº-I-t»cn F∂o \m´p-cm-Py-ß-fpsS CS-bn¬ tIX-\-√q¿,

am™q¿, Ipd-hn-e-ßm-Sv, IS-∏q¿, XpS-ßnb tZi-ß-f-S-ßnb

kmam\yw hnkvXr-X-amb Hcp \m´p-cm-Py-am-bn-cp∂p AXv.

ap≥]v {]kvXm-hn-®-Xp-t]mse sImSp-ß-√q¿ hn´v tIc-f-

Øns‚ a‰p {]tZ-i-ß-fn-te°v IpSn-tb-dnb Ipd-®p \{km-Wn-

Iƒ ]mbv h≈-ß-fn¬ k©-cn®v ssh°-Øn-\-SpØv Ipeti-J-

cawKeØv FØn-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNºv tZiØv \{km-Wn-]p-c-bnSw

F∂v ]n∂oSv Adn-b-s∏-´n-cp∂ ÿe-tØ°v amdn Xma-kn-°p-I-

bpw sNbvXp. tImX\-√q¿ Bÿm-\-ambn \ne-\n-∂n-cp∂ \m´p-

cm-Py-Øn¬ Dƒs∏-´n-cp∂ C∂sØ IS-∏qcv {]tZ-i-tØ°v

]n∂oSv CXn-sem-cp-Iq´w \{km-Wn-Iƒ FØp-Ibpw sImSp-ß-

√q¿ ]´-W-Øn\SpØv Ah¿ hkn-®n-cp∂ IS-tem-c-{Km-a-am-bn-

cp∂ ""IS-∏qcv'' F∂ t]cv Cu {]tZ-i-Øn\v \¬Ip-Ibpw

sNbvXp. sImSp-ß-√q¿ AYhm apkn-cn-t°m-´-n¬ \n∂pw h∂-h-

cm-I-bm¬ Ch¿ apk-ncn-t°m´pIm¿ F∂v Adn-b-s∏´n-cp-∂p. CXv

tem]n®v ]n∂oSv aqkm-cn-tb v́ AYhm aqim-cn-tb v́ Bbn F∂Xv

Ncn{XkXyw Xs∂-bm-Wv. ta¬ hnh-cn® {]Imcw Ad_v

cmPysØ ap…nw aX-hym-]\ Ime-L-´-Øn-\p-tijw Ahn-sS-

\n∂pw sImSp-ß-√q-cn-te°v ap…nw IpSn-tb-‰-ap-≠mb Ime-Øp-

Xs∂ Ipe-ti-JcawK-e-tØ°pw AhnsS \n∂v sNºn-te°pw

]n∂oSv F.-Un. 1341 se s]cn-bm-dnse ̀ oI-c-amb Pe-{]-f-b-Øn-

\p-tijw 18˛mw \q‰m-≠nse Sn∏p kp¬°ms‚ ]S-tbm-´-Im-

etØm IS-∏qcv {]tZ-i-tØ°pw IpSn-tb-dnb ]pcm-X\ \{km-

Wn-I-fmWv aqim-cn-tb´v IpSpw-_-°m¿ F∂Xv hy‡-am-Wv. Cu

Ic-bpsS t]cpw IpSpw-_-t]-cpw-Xs∂ AXn\v sXfn-hm-Wv.

(sIm-Sp-ß-√q¿ tXmam-«o-lm-bpsS khn-[-Øn¬ t]mIp∂

GsXm-cmƒ°pw sImSp-ß-√q-cn-\-Sp-Øp≈ Fdn-bmSv F∂ ]©m-

b-Ønse IS-∏qcv F∂ ÿew kμ¿in®v \nP-ÿnXn Xo¿®-

bm-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.- te-J-I≥ Cu ÿew kμ¿in®n´p≠v.

Ct∏mƒ CXv Hcp ap…nw A[n-hmk {]tZ-i-am-Wv. {]kn≤

23

kn\nam kwhn-[m-b-I≥ "Ia¬' Cu \m´p-Im-c-\m-Wv. hS-°≥

]d-hq-cn\pw sImSp-ß-√q-cn-\p-an-S-bn¬ k¿°m¿ Ct∏mƒ ""apkn-

cokv ss]XrI ]≤Xn'' \S-∏m-°p∂ {]tZ-i-Øn¬ Dƒs∏´

ÿe-hp-amWv CXv.)

\{k-kn-se Cutim-bpsS A\p-bm-bn-bm-b, tXmam-«olm

tIc-f-Øn-seØn kphn-tijw {]kw-Kn-®-t∏mƒ BZy-ambn

{InkvXp-aXw kzoI-cn-®h¿ {]hmkn bqZ-∑m-cm-bn-cp∂p F∂p

thWw Icp-Xm≥. AXp-sIm-≠mWv BZy-Ime {InkvXym-\n-Isf

\{km-Wn-Iƒ F∂p hnfn-®-Xv. At∏mƒ {InkvXp-a-XØn-te°v

]n∂oSv ]cn-h¿Ø\w sNø-s∏´ Xt±-io-b-cmbhcpw \{km-Wn-

Iƒ F∂p s]mXp-hmbn hnfn-°-s∏-´p. I≈n, Imfn--Im-hv, i¶c-

]p-cn, ]I-tem-a‰w XpSßnb \ºq-Xncn IpSpw-_-߃ aX-]-cn-

h¿Ø\w sNø-s∏´v Ipd-hne-ßmSv XpS-ßnb {]tZ-i-ß-fn-te°v

IpSn-tbdnb-Xn\v iX-I-߃°p apºv Cu {]tZ-i-ß-fn-te°v

FØnb \{km-Wn-I-fmWv aqimcntb v́ IpSpw-_-°m¿ F∂p Icp-

tX-≠n-bn -cn -°p-∂p. sNºn¬ Ah¿ Xma-kn-®n -cp -∂Xpw

""\{kmWn'' ]pc-bn-S-Øn-em-bn-cp-∂p-h-t√m.

Ipd-hn-e-ßmSv ]≈n-bnse IS-∏qcv Ic-°m-cpsS

I∏¬ {]Z£n-Whpw aqim-cn-tb v́ IpSpw-_hpw

Ipd-hn-e-ßm´v a¿Ø-a-dnbw t^mtdm-\m-]-≈n-bnse aq∂p-

t\mºv Xncp-\mfpw AXnse IS-∏qcv \nhm-kn-I-fpsS I∏¬ {]Z-

£n-Whpw {]kn-≤-am-W-t√m.

aq∂v t\mºv Xncp-\mƒ Hcp \n›nX Xob-Xn-bn-e√m Hmtcm

h¿jhpw BtLm-jn-°p-∂-Xv. aq∂v t\mºm-N-cWw CuÃ-dp-ambn

_‘-s∏-´p-In-S-°p-∂p. "kv{]nwKv CIz-t\mIvkv' F∂p hnfn--°-

s∏-Sp∂ am¿®v 21-˛mw Xob-Xn°p tijw hcp∂ shfp-Ø-hmhv

Ign-™p-h-cp∂ Rmb-dm-gvN-bmWv Cuÿ BN-cn-°p-∂-Xv. CuÃ-

dn\v 68 Znhkw apºp≈ Znhkw IW-°m°n AXn\p sXm´p

apºp≈ Xn¶-fm-gvN-bmWv aq∂v t\mºm-N-cn-°p-I. AXp-sIm≠v

Cu t\mºns\ "]Xn-s\-́ m-anSw' F∂p-IqSn hnfn-°p-∂p-≠v. henb

t\mºn\v (50 t\mºv) 18 Znhkw apºv aq∂v t\mºv XpS-ßp-∂-

Xp-sIm-≠mWv Cßs\ hnfn-°p-∂-Xv.

24

]uckvXy kpdn-bm\n k`-bn¬ bu\m≥ {]hm-N-Is\

A\p-kva-cn-°p∂ Hcp Xncp-\m-fmWv aq∂v t\mºv. hnip≤ {KŸ-

Ønse ]g-b-\n-b-a-Øn¬ ]d-bp-∂Xv. \n\sh F∂ \K-c-Øn¬

sN∂v A\p-Xm-]-sØ-°p-dn®v {]tLm-jn-°m-\p≈ ssZhoI shfn-

]m-Sn-eqsSbp≈ B⁄ A\p-k-cn-°msX bu\m≥ {]hm-N-I≥

Xm¿kokv F∂ \K-c-Øn-te°v I∏¬ Ib-dn-sb∂pw CXn-\m¬,

ssZh tIm]w aqew IS¬t£m`w D≠m-Ip-Ibpw AXn-\p-Im-c-

W-°m-cs\ Is≠-Øm≥ I∏-en-ep≈h¿ \dp-°n´v t\m°p-I-

bpwsNbvXp. bu\ms‚ t]cn¬ \dp-°p-ho-WtXmsS At±-lsØ

I∏-en¬ \n∂pw IS-en-se-dn-™p.-D-S≥ Xs∂ IS¬ im¥-am-bn.

bu\ms\ Hcp Xnan-wKew hngpßn. Xm≥ ssZhnI shfn-]mSv

A\p-k-cn-°msX Ccp-∂-Xn¬ At±lw A\p-X-]n-°p-Ibpw

{]m¿∞n-°p-Ibpw sNbvX-tXmsS aq∂mw Znhkw At±-lØn\v

a’y-Øns‚ DZ-c-Øn¬ \n∂v c£-s]-Sp-hm≥ km[n-°p-Ibpw

AXn-\p-tijw \n\th ]´-W-Øn¬ FØn ssZh-lnXw {]kw-

Kn-°p-hm≥ km[n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. \n\-th-°m¿ At±-lsØ

tI´v A\p-X-]n®v D]-h-kn®v ssZh-tIm-]-Øn¬ \n∂pw c£-

s]-´p. I∏¬ bm{X-°m-cpsS a≤y-ÿ-\mb bu\m≥ {]hm-N-

Is‚ Cu IS¬ bm{X-tbbpw c£-s]-S-en-t\bpw Hm¿Øv AXp-

t]mseXs∂-bp≈ apkncokv ]´WØn¬ \n∂p≈ Xß-fpsS

c£-s]-S-en\v ssZh-Øn\v \μn kqN-I-ambn, IS-∏q¿ tZi-°m¿

A∂sØ CS-h-I-bmb Ipd-hn-e-ßmSv ]≈n-bn-te°v ]Wn-bn®p

ka¿∏n-®-XmWv Ncn-{X-{]-kn-≤-amb Ipd-hn-e-ßmSv ]≈n-bnse

I∏¬. 7˛mw \q‰m-≠nse ap…nw A[n-\n-th-i-tØm-sS-bmWv

sImSp-ß-√q-cn-\-Sp-Øp≈ IS-∏q-cn¬ \n∂pw ssh°-Øn-\-Sp-

Øp≈ Ipe-ti-J-c-aw-K-ew, sNºv F∂o {]tZ-i-ß-fn-te°v

\ΩpsS ]nXm-a-l-∑m¿ IpSn-tb-dn-b-Xv. 14-̨ mw \q‰m-≠n-tem AhnsS

\n∂pw 18-˛mw \q‰m-≠n-tem BWv Ipd-hn-e-ß-Sn-\-Sp-Øp≈

C∂sØ IS-∏qcv {]tZ-i-tØ°v Ah¿ FØn-s∏-´-Xv.

aqim-cn-tb´v IpSpw_w A∂pw C∂pw IS-∏q¿ {]tZ-isØ

{]ap-J-amb IpSpw-_-am-Wv. [mcmfw Irjn-ÿ-e-ß-fpw ]Wn-°mcpw

I∂p-Im-en-Ifpw Ah¿°p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. sshZy-hr-Øn-bnepw

Ah¿ t]cp-tI-´n-cp∂p; \m´p-{]-am-Wn-amcpw Bbn-cp-∂p.

25

\{km-Wn-bmb tXmam-«olm tIc-f-Øn-seØn kphn-

tijw {]N-cn-∏n-®-t∏mƒ BZy-ambn {InkvXp-aXw kzoI-cn-®-h¿

{]hmkn PqX-∑m¿ Bbn-cp-∂p. AXp-sIm-≠mWv BZy-Ime

{InkvXym-\n-Isf \{km-Wn-Iƒ F∂p hnfn-®ncp-∂-Xv. blqZ

ss]Xr-I-ap-≈-h¿ am{X-amWv \{km-Wn-Iƒ F∂dn-b-s∏-́ n-cp∂Xv.

(am¿tØmΩm \{kmWn amknI, P\p-hcn 2012 FUn-t‰m-dn-b¬)

sNºv {]tZ-iØv \mw \{km-Wn-]p-c-bnSw F∂ {]tZ-i-ØmWv

Xma-kn-®n-cp-∂Xpw ]≈n ]WnXv ssZhm-cm-[\ \S-Øp-Ibpw

sNbvXn-cp-∂-Xpw. AXn-\m¬ IS-∏q¿ {]tZ-isØ BZy \{km-

Wn-Iƒ aqim-cn-tb v́ IpSpw-_-°m¿ Xs∂-sb∂v \nkw-ibw shfn-

hm-Ipw.

{io hn. -kn. -tPm¿÷v ""Ipd-hn-e-ßmSv am¿Ø-a-dnbw

]≈nbpw tIcf \{kmWnIfpw'' F∂-t]-cn¬ 1973 ¬ {]kn-≤o-

I-cn-® Ncn{X {KŸ-Øn¬ IS-∏qcv tZi-°m-cmWv Ipd-hn-e-ßmSv

]≈n-bnse {]Zn-£-W-th-f-bn¬ I∏¬ kwh-ln-°p-∂-Xv

F∂mWv F√m-bn-SØpw {]kvXmhn®p ImWp-∂-Xv. AXp-t]mse

Xs∂ ""Ipd-hn-e-ßmSv a¿Ø-a-dnbw ]≈nbpw ss{IkvXh ]mc-

º-cyhpw'' (2009) F∂ {KŸ-Øn¬ tUm. Ipcymkv Ipº-f-°pgn

Fgp-Xn-bn-´p≈ ""aq∂p-t\mºv Xncp-\mfpw I∏¬ {]Z£n-Whpw''

F∂ teJ-\-Ønepw (PP 34)IS-∏qcv tZi-°m-cmWv I∏¬ hln-

°p-I F∂mWv {]kvXmh-\.

F∂m¬ kao-]-Im-eØv GtXm Ip’nX _p≤n-Iƒ ^m.

tPm¿÷v Ipcp-°q¿ F∂ Hcp ss{Ik-X-h Ncn{X]fin-Xs\

sX‰n-≤-cn-∏n®v At±-l-Øns‚ t]cn¬ ]pd-Øn-d-°nb ""]pWy-

]p-cm-X-\-amb Ipd-hn-e-ßmSv ]≈n'' F∂ ssI∏p-kvX-I-Øn¬

C°m-cy-Øn¬ Nne Ahm-kvXh {]kvXm-h-\-Iƒ \S-Øn-®n-´p-

≠v. IS-∏qcv tZi-°m-cmb A©v IpSpw-_-°m-cmWv I∏¬ hln-

°p-I-F∂pw Idp-tØ-Sw, sNº≥Ip-fw, ]pXp-ti-cn, at©-cn, hen-

b-hoSv F∂n-h-bmWv Cu A©v IpSpw-_-߃ F∂pw a‰p-amWv

A®s‚ Is≠-ج. Cu teJ-I≥ ̂ m. tPm¿÷v Ipcp-°q-dns\

_‘-s∏´p kwkm-cn-®-t∏mƒ B ssI∏p-kvXIw GtXm Hcp

km_p-tPm¿÷v F∂-bmfmWv {]kn-≤o-I-cn-®-sX∂pw Abmƒ

sImSpØ t\m´p-Iƒ ASn-ÿm-\-am-°n-bmWv teJ\w Fgp-Xn-

b-sX∂pw IS-∏q-cp≈ ta¬∏-d™ A©v IpSpw-_-߃ am{X-

26

amWv I∏¬ hln-°pI F∂v Xs‚ teJ-\-Øn¬ {]kvXm-hn-®-

Xn\v B[n-Im-cn-I-amb ASn-ÿm\߃ H∂pw C√m-bn-cp∂p

F∂pw ]d-™p. CXn¬ \n∂p Xs∂ Ipcp-°q¿ A®s\ Icp-

hm°n \S-Ønb Nne \o°-ßfpw AXns‚ s]m≈-Ø-c-ßfpw

shfn-hm-b-t√m.

^m. Ipcp-°q¿ IS-∏q-cp-Im-ct\m hkvXp-X-Iƒ t\cn-´-dn-

bm-hp-∂-bmtfm A√. A®s‚ teJ-\-Ønse ""Idp-tØ-Sw,

sNº≥Ip-fw, ]pXp-ti-cn, at©-cn, hen-b-ho-Sv'' F∂o A©v

IpSpw-_-ß-fnse ]pXp-ti-cn, at©cn F∂o IpSpw-_-ß-sf-°p-

dn®v Chn-sS-B¿°pw tI´p-tIƒhn-t]mepw C√. Idp-tØ-Sw,

sNº≥Ip-fw, hen-b-ho-Sv, F∂o-Ip-Spw-_-ß-fnse \ma-am-{X-amb

Nne hoSp-Iƒ am{Xta Cu {]tZ-i-Øp-≈q.

amey-¶-c- F∂pw ]n∂oSv apk-ncn-t°m´v AYhm apkn-cokv

F∂pw a‰pw hnfn-®n-cp∂ C∂sØ sImSp-ß-√q-cn¬ FUn 52

¬ am¿tØm-Ωm-«olm IS¬am¿§-sa-Øn-t®¿∂p F∂m-Wt√m

\ΩpsS hnizm-kw. B sImSp-ß-√q-c-n\SpØv Fdn-bmSv ̨ IS∏qcv

{]tZ-iØp\n∂pw ssh°-Øn-\-SpØv sNºn-te°pw ]n∂oSv Ipd-

hn-e-ßm-t´°pw AXn-\-Sp-Ø-{]-tZ-i-tØ°pw IpSn-tb-dnb

am¿tØmΩm{InkvXym-\n-Iƒ F∂v Adn-b-s∏-´ncp∂ \{km-Wn

IpSpw-_-ß-fn¬ -Ifn¬ {]ap-J-cmbn-cp∂ ""aqim-cn-tb´v'' IpSpw-

_-°m¿ X߃ IpSn-tb-dnb ]pXnb ÿe-tØbpw "IS-∏qcv'

F∂p-X-s∂-hn-fn®p t]m∂p F∂v hniZoI--cn--®n-´p-≈-Xm-W-t√m.

sImSp-ß-√q-cn-\-Sp-Øp≈ "IS-∏qcv' Ct∏mgpw B t]cn¬ Xs∂-

bmWv Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-X-pw. Aßs\ ISepw Imbepw Icbpw

Xm≠n-sb-Øn IS-∏q-cv {]tZ-iØv IpSn-tb-dnb Xßsf ssZhw

kpc-£n-X-ambn Hcp ]pXnb- -{]-tZ-iØv FØn®v kwc-£n®v

hf¿Øn-b-Xns‚ \μn-kq-N-I-ambn IS-∏q-cnse \{km-Wn-Iƒ

]Wn-I-gn®v amXm-hn\v ImgvN A¿∏n® I∏-emWv C∂v aq∂v

t\mºv {]Z-£n-W-Øn¬ IS-∏q-cp-Im¿ kwhln-°p-∂-Xv. AXn\p

t\XrXzw hln-®tXm A∂sØ Chn-SpsØ {]-apJ \{km-Wn-

Ip-Spw-_-amb aqim-cn-tb´pw. bYm¿∞ hkvXp-X-Iƒ C{]-Im-c-

am-bn-cns° Ipcp-°q-d-®s\t∏mep≈ Nne-cpsS t]cp-h®v

bYm¿∞yw hf-s®m-Sn®v teJ\w Fgp-Xn®pw Ipd-hn-e-ßmSv ]≈n-

bnse Nne sshZn-Isc sX‰n-≤-cn-∏n®pw IS-∏q-cp≈ 5 ho´p-Im-

27

cmWv {]Z-£n-W-Øn¬ I∏¬ kwh-ln-°p-I F∂pw a‰p-ap≈

s]m≈bmb Ah-Im-i-hm-Z-߃ IS-∏qcv \nhm-kn-Iƒ°v th≠n

X°-k-a-bØv Xs∂ aqim-cn-tb´p IpSpw-_-tbmKw Ipd-hn-e-ßmSv

t^mtdm\m ]≈n-bnte hnIm-cn-b-®t\ I≠v H‰-s°-´mbn {]Xn-

tcm-[n-®p.

20-̨ mw \q‰m-≠n-\p-ap-ºp≈ Ime-L-́ -Øn¬ Irjn-bm-bn-cp∂p

{][m-\-sXm-gn¬. A∂v hnZym-`ym-k-ku-I-cy-ßfpw a‰p sXmgn¬

e`y-X-Ifpw Xptemw Ipd-hm-bn-cp-∂p. cmP-Ip-Spw-_-ß-fntem amS-

ºn-Ip-Spw-_-ß-fntem am{Xw A£-c-⁄m\w HXp-ßn-\n∂ncp-

∂p. A®Snhn-Zy-bpw -{]-N-cn-®n-c-p∂n√. B ImeØv hni-Z-amb

IpSpw-_-N-cn-{X-߃ FgpXn kq£n-°pI ANn¥yambn-cp-∂p.

AXn-\m-emWv \mtem At©m Xe-ap-d-Iƒ°p-ap-ºp≈ IpSpw-

_-N-cn-{X-߃ Fßpw e`y-a-√m-Ø-Xv.

aqim -cn -tb´ v , Ffq -Im -em -bn¬, h -enb]d-ºn¬,

Ingt°sXm´n-bn¬, apXp-Im-́ n¬ F∂n-ßs\ A©v imJ-I-fmbn

C¥y-bnepw hntZ-i-ß-fn-ep-ambn Gsd AwK-_-e-ap≈ Hcp IpSpw-

_-ambn C∂v aqim-cn-tb´v IpSpw_w hf¿∂v ]¥-en-®n-cn-°p-

∂p. kaq-l-Øns‚ hnhn[ Xe-ß-fn¬ Ah-c-h-cp-tS-Xmb taJ-

e-I-fn¬ \ΩpsS IpSpw-_m-K-߃ kvXpXy¿l-amb tkh-\-amWv

\S-Øn-h-cp-∂-Xv.

]gb PohnX {Ia-߃ ]pXnb NSpe PohnXssien-Iƒ°v

hgn-am-dn-b-tXmsS \ΩpsS ]pXnb Xe-ap-d-Iƒ°v Dujva-f-amb

IpSpw -_-_-‘-߃ A\y-am -bn -s°m-≠n -cn -°p -I -bm -Wv.

imkv{Xtam kmt¶-XnIhnZy-Itfm F{X-am{Xw hf¿∂mepw a\p-

jy≥ ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-ambn F∂pw tZl tZln-I-fp≈ a\p-jy≥

Xs∂-bm-Wv. Pohn-X-Im-eØv kvt\ln-°m\pw kvt\ln---s∏-Sm\pw

AXn-\p-tijw Pohn-®n-cn-°p-∂-h-cpsS Hm¿Ω-I-fn¬ \ne-\n¬°m-

\p-ap≈ A`n-hmRvO a\p-jy\v am{X-ap-≈-Xm-Wv. Aßs\

t\m°p-tºmƒ Cu IpSpw-_-N-cn-{X-]p-kvXI {]Im-i-\-Øn-eqsS,

\mw \Ωp-sSbpw \tΩmSv G‰hpw ASpØv _‘-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂-

h-cp-sSbpw B A`n-em-j-Øns‚ ]q¿Øo-I-c-W-amWv km[n-°p-

∂-Xv.

28

Cu {KŸw FgpXn ]q¿Øn-bm°p-∂-Xn\v cq]-h-XvI-cn®

FUn-t‰m-dn-b¬ t_m¿Un¬ F√m imJ-I-fn¬ \n∂p-ap≈ AwK-

ß-fpsS {]mXn-\n[yw Dd-∏m-°n-bn-cp-∂p. hnh-c-߃ Dƒs∏-Sp-

Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv 2015 Pqsse amkw 1˛mw XobXnbnse \ne-bn-

em-Wv. IpSpw-_mw-K-ß-fpsS t^mt´m-Iƒ 2015 Pq¨ 30˛mw XobXn

hsc In´n-bXpw tN¿Øn-´p-≠v.

th≠ \n¿t±-i-ßfpw t{]m’m-l-\-ßfpw X∂n-cp∂ IpSpw-

_mw-K-ß-fmb sshZn-I¿°pw {]tXy-In®v IpSpw-_-tbmKw c£m-

[n-Im-cn-bmb ^m. tPmkv aqim-cn-tb-´n\pw (P¿Ω-\n) CXns‚

{]kn-≤o-I-c-W-Øn\v Bh-iy-amb ̂ ≠v X∂v klm-bn® F√m-

h¿°pw, Xß-fpsS {]m¿∞-\-I-fn¬ ssZhka£w Cu Ip´m-

bva-tbbpw ka¿∏n-®n-cp∂ \ΩpsS IpSpw-_-Ønse F√m I\ym-

kv{Xo-Iƒ°pw hninjy Cu kwcw-`-Øn-\mbn cm]-I-en-√msX

A≤zm-\n® FUn-t‰m-dn-b¬ t_m¿Unse Hmtcm AwK-Øn\pw

\μn ]d-bp-∂p.

\ΩpsS IpSpw_ Ncn-{X-Øns‚ Cu ]p\x-{]-kn-≤o-I-cWw

hgn \ΩpsS IpSpw-_-Iq-´mbva IpSp-X¬ sI´p-d-t∏msS hcpw-Im-

e-ß-fnepw \ne-\n¿Øm≥ ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I-\mb ssZhw A\p-{K-

ln-°s´ F∂v {]m¿∞n-®p-sIm≠v

FUn-t‰m-dn-b¬ t_m¿Un-\p-th≠n,

tUm. _m_p tPmk^v Ing-t°sXm-´n-bn¬

No^v FUn-‰¿

IS-∏qcv,

15.08.2015.