mood & stress shakhawan salih. shanyar kadir. shkar dilshad
TRANSCRIPT
Mood & StressShakhawan Salih . Shanyar Kadir .
Shkar Dilshad
Introduction
• A mood is an emotional state. Moods differ from emotions in that they are less specific, less intense, and less likely to be triggered by a particular stimulus or event. Moods generally have either a positive or negative valence. In other words, people typically speak of being in a good mood or a bad mood.
Introduction
• Stress is a feeling of strain and pressure. Symptoms may include a sense of:• Being overwhelmed
• Feelings of anxiety
• Overall irritability
• Insecurity
• Nervousness
• Social withdrawal
• Loss of appetite
• Depression
• Others
Introduction
• Two groups of mood disorders are broadly recognized:
• 1) Depressive disorders• A) Major depressive disorder (MDD)
• B) Dysthymia
• C) Double depression
• 2) Bipolar disorders• A) Bipolar I & II
• B) Cyclothymia
Introduction
• Objectives:• To identify the level of stress among different stages of the
medical school
• To identify any gender differences related to stress
• To identify if mood & stress are affected by studying or exam marks and vice versa.
Methodology
• Study Design• Cross-sectional study (survey)
• Questionnaire• Sociodemographic (7)
• Mood and Stress Questions (48)
Methodology
• Study Population and Sample• Population = Students of Sulaymaniyah Medical School
• Sample = All 6 Stages, Random Sampling, Evey 4th Student
• Data Collection• Took 3 days
• First 4 stages in a single day
• 5th and 6th stages within 2 days
Methodology
• Data Processing• 162 complete questionnaires (9 ignored because incomplete)
• Entered into IBM SPSS v21
• Frequency tables for socio-demographic data and statistical measures of distribution for age, height, and weight
• Chi-Squared and Fisher’s Exact tests used to find associations
• If 20.0% or more of data cells in contingency table had expected count below 5, Fisher’s exact was used
• p value of less than 0.05 taken as significant
Results(sociodemographic data)
Frequency Percent
GenderMale 77 47.5 %
Female 85 52.5 %
Stage
1 26 16.0 %2 27 16.7 %3 27 16.7 %4 26 16.0 %5 27 16.7 %6 29 17.9 %
Socioeconomic statusModerate 128 79.0 %
High (Rich) 32 19.8 %NR 2 1.2 %
ResidenceVillage 3 1.9 %
City 157 96.9 %NR 2 1.2 %
Results
Does your stress increase when you have a family problem?
Total P-value (X2)
Never or not at all
Some of the time or mildly
Often or moderately
Always or severely
Student Gender
FemaleCount 4 16 30 35 85
0.021
% 4.7% 18.8% 35.3% 41.2% 100.0%
MaleCount 7 23 32 15 77
% 9.1% 29.9% 41.6% 19.5% 100.0%
TotalCount 11 39 62 50 162
% 6.8% 24.1% 38.3% 30.9% 100.0%
Results
Does other people’s pain (accidents, death,…etc) affect your mood?
Total P-value (X2)
Never or not at all
Some of the time or mildly
Often or moderately
Always or severely
Student Gender
FemaleCount 8 19 33 25 85
0.030
% 9.4% 22.4% 38.8% 29.4% 100.0%
MaleCount 18 21 23 13 75
% 24.0% 28.0% 30.7% 17.3% 100.0%
TotalCount 26 40 56 38 160
% 16.3% 25.0% 35.0% 23.8% 100.0%
Results
Do you feel nauseous or get reflux when stressed? Total P-value (X2)
Never or not at all
Some of the time or mildly
Often or moderately
Always or severely
Student Gender
FemaleCount 23 25 17 18 83
0.002
% 27.7% 30.1% 20.5% 21.7% 100.0%
MaleCount 36 21 11 3 71
% 50.7% 29.6% 15.5% 4.2% 100.0%
TotalCount 59 46 28 21 154
% 38.3% 29.9% 18.2% 13.6% 100.0%
Results
Do you get more stressed out while studying for the examinations?
Total P-value (X2)
Never or not at all
Some of the time or mildly
Often or moderately
Always or severely
Student Gender
FemaleCount 6 10 28 39 83
0.000
% 7.2% 12.0% 33.7% 47.0% 100.0%
MaleCount 6 32 24 14 76
% 7.9% 42.1% 31.6% 18.4% 100.0%
TotalCount 12 42 52 53 159
% 7.5% 26.4% 32.7% 33.3% 100.0%
Results
Do you get sleep-deprived during examination times?
Total P-value (X2)
Never or not at all
Some of the time or mildly
Often or moderately
Always or severely
Student Gender
FemaleCount 15 25 17 26 83
0.003
% 18.1% 30.1% 20.5% 31.3% 100.0%
MaleCount 26 27 16 7 76
% 34.2% 35.5% 21.1% 9.2% 100.0%
TotalCount 41 52 33 33 159
% 25.8% 32.7% 20.8% 20.8% 100.0%
Results
Do your exam marks affect your mood? Total P-value (X2)
Never or not at all
Some of the time or mildly
Often or moderately
Always or severely
Student Gender
FemaleCount 8 26 19 32 85
0.017
% 9.4% 30.6% 22.4% 37.6% 100.0%
MaleCount 17 32 11 17 77
% 22.1% 41.6% 14.3% 22.1% 100.0%
TotalCount 25 58 30 49 162
% 15.4% 35.8% 18.5% 30.2% 100.0%
Results
Do you have a tendency to addictions or substance abuse when under stress?
Total P-value (Fisher’s Exact)
Never or not at all
Some of the time or mildly
Often or moderately
Always or severely
Student Gender
FemaleCount 80 2 1 2 85
0.000
% 94.1% 2.4% 1.2% 2.4% 100.0%
MaleCount 48 15 7 6 76
% 63.2% 19.7% 9.2% 7.9% 100.0%
TotalCount 128 17 8 8 161
% 79.5% 10.6% 5.0% 5.0% 100.0%
Does your mood affect your relationship with your friends? Total P-value (Fisher’s
Exact)Never or not at
all
Some of the
time or mildly
Often or
moderately
Always or
severely
College Stage
1Count 12 7 6 1 26
0.016
% 46.2% 26.9% 23.1% 3.8% 100.0%
2Count 13 4 6 3 26
% 50.0% 15.4% 23.1% 11.5% 100.0%
3Count 5 11 10 1 27
% 18.5% 40.7% 37.0% 3.7% 100.0%
4Count 8 9 5 4 26
% 30.8% 34.6% 19.2% 15.4% 100.0%
5Count 14 8 3 2 27
% 51.9% 29.6% 11.1% 7.4% 100.0%
6Count 7 18 4 0 29
% 24.1% 62.1% 13.8% 0.0% 100.0%
TotalCount 59 57 34 11 161
% 36.6% 35.4% 21.1% 6.8% 100.0%
Does hanging out with friends make your mood better? Total P-value (Fisher’s Exact)
Never or not at all
Some of the time or mildly
Often or moderately
Always or severely
College Stage
1Count 4 5 8 9 26
0.006
% 15.4% 19.2% 30.8% 34.6% 100.0%
2Count 3 7 4 13 27
% 11.1% 25.9% 14.8% 48.1% 100.0%
3Count 3 6 7 11 27
% 11.1% 22.2% 25.9% 40.7% 100.0%
4Count 0 8 14 3 25
% 0.0% 32.0% 56.0% 12.0% 100.0%
5Count 2 10 12 3 27
% 7.4% 37.0% 44.4% 11.1% 100.0%
6Count 0 14 9 6 29
% 0.0% 48.3% 31.0% 20.7% 100.0%
TotalCount 12 50 54 45 161
% 7.5% 31.1% 33.5% 28.0% 100.0%
Do you think about committing suicide to get rid of stress? Total P-value (Fisher’s Exact)Never or not
at allSome of the time or mildly
Often or moderately
Always or severely
College Stage
1Count 15 6 3 1 25
0.043
% 60.0% 24.0% 12.0% 4.0% 100.0%
2Count 14 4 4 2 24
% 58.3% 16.7% 16.7% 8.3% 100.0%
3Count 22 4 0 1 27
% 81.5% 14.8% 0.0% 3.7% 100.0%
4Count 18 7 1 0 26
% 69.2% 26.9% 3.8% 0.0% 100.0%
5Count 25 0 0 1 26
% 96.2% 0.0% 0.0% 3.8% 100.0%
6Count 22 6 0 1 29
% 75.9% 20.7% 0.0% 3.4% 100.0%
TotalCount 116 27 8 6 157
% 73.9% 17.2% 5.1% 3.8% 100.0%
Results
Do you have an increased sensitivity to pain? Total P-value (Fisher’s Exact)
Never or not at all
Some of the time or mildly
Often or moderately
Always or severely
Socioeconomic Status
ModerateCount
64 39 17 7 127
0.018
%50.4% 30.7% 13.4% 5.5% 100.0%
High (Rich)Count
10 18 1 3 32
%31.3% 56.3% 3.1% 9.4% 100.0%
TotalCount
74 57 18 10 159
%46.5% 35.8% 11.3% 6.3% 100.0%
Results
Do you lack stamina or tire easily? Total P-value (X2)
Never or not at all
Some of the time or mildly
Often or moderately
Always or severely
Socioeconomic Status
ModerateCount
28 56 30 11 125
0.038
%22.4% 44.8% 24.0% 8.8% 100.0%
High (Rich)Count
13 16 2 1 32
%40.6% 50.0% 6.3% 3.1% 100.0%
TotalCount
41 72 32 12 157
%26.1% 45.9% 20.4% 7.6% 100.0%
Conclusions
• Females more prone to stress• Affected more by family problems
• Affected more by other people’s pain
• More likely to get nausea and reflux under stress
• Get more stress out while studying for exams
• Get more sleep-deprived by exams
• Affected more by exam marks
• Males• A higher tendency for addictions
Conclusions
• By Stage• Mood gets better when hanging out with friends (increases with
stage)
• Suicidal ideation higher among the first two stages
• By SES• High SES: increased sensitivity to pain
• Low SES: lack stamina and tire more easily
Recommendations
• Classes to the medical students• About risk factors for stress
• How to deal with stress
• How to detect serious suicidal ideations in others