monthly)report)on)livestock)disease)trends)as)informally ...€¦ ·...

Previous disease reports can be seen on the RuVASA website www.ruvasa.co.za

Click on Disease Reports

The following practices and laboratories (133) submitted reports during June 2016: Mpumalanga (12) Balfour – Dr. Louis van Jaarsveld Bethal – Dr. Hardus Pieters Delmas – Dr. Johan Jooste Ermelo – Dr. Ben Potgieter Grootvlei – Dr. Neels van Wyk Karino (Nelspruit) – Dr. Silke Pfitzer Lydenburg – Drs. Trümpelmann and Steyn Nelspruit – Dr. André Beytell Middelburg – Drs. Fourie, Malan and Erasmus Piet Retief -‐ Drs. Niebuhr and Weber Standerton – Dr. Kobie Kroon Volksrust – Drs. Watson, Solomon and Scheepers Gauteng (9) Bapsfontein – Drs. Engelbrecht and Olivier Bronkhorstspruit – Drs. De Bruin, De Bruin, Rudolph and Slabber Magaliesburg – Dr. Ryan Jeffery Muldersdrft – Dr. Clare Speedy Nigel – Dr. Cindy van der Westhuizen Onderstepoort Veterinary Academic Hospital – Proff. Annandale, Prozesky, Shakespear, Holm and Drs. Esposito, Gratwick, Hamman, Harmse and O’Dell Pretoria – Dr. Hanneke Pienaar Pretoria – Dr. Rosaly Steyn Limpopo (6) Bela Bela – Drs. Du Toit and Herbst Bela-‐Bela – Dr. Nele Sabbe

Lephalale (Ellisras) – Dr. Brigitte Luck

Monthly report on livestock disease trends as informally reported by veterinarians belonging to the Ruminant

Veterinary Association of South Africa (RuVASA), a group of the South African Veterinary Association

June 2016

Mokopane (Potgietersrus) -‐ Dr. Henk Visser Polokwane (Pietersburg) – Drs. Watson, Viljoen, Jansen Van Vuuren, Van Rooyen, Snyman and Cremona Vaalwater -‐ Dr. Hampie van Staden North West (11) Brits – Drs. Boshoff and Coertze Christiana -‐ Dr. Pieter Nel Klerksdorp – Drs. Van den Berg and Theron Klerksdorp – Drs. Coetzee and Venter Leeudoringstad -‐ Dr. Ian Jonker Lichtenburg – Dr. Fritz Ras Lichtenburg – Dr. Nelmarie-‐Krüger-‐Rall Rustenburg – Drs. Grobler, Sparks, Van Egdom, Van Rooyen, Goosen and Van Rensburg Stella -‐ Dr. Magdaleen Vosser Ventersdorp/ Koster – Drs. Marais and Benadé Vryburg – Dr. Jurie Kritzinger Free State (26) Bethlehem – Drs. Strydom and Strydom Bethlehem – Dr. J.C. Du Plessis Bothaville – Dr. Johann Blaauw Bultfontein – Dr. Santjie Pieterse Clocolan – Dr. Liezel Wasserman (Marwick) Dewetsdorp – Dr. Marike Badenhorst Ficksburg – Drs. Kotze and Coetzer Frankfort -‐ Drs. Lessing, Cilliers and Janse van Rensburg Gariepdam – Dr. Marni Strauss Harrismith -‐ Drs. Pretorius, Bester and Nel Hertzogville – Dr. Nico Hendrikz Hoopstad -‐ Dr. Kobus Pretorius Kroonstad – Drs. Daffue, Eksteen, Van Zyl and Van der Walt Ladybrand/Excelsior -‐ Drs. De Vos and Nel Memel – Drs. Nixon and Nixon Parys – Drs. Wessels and Wessels Phillipstown – Dr. Stephan Vermeulen Reitz -‐ Dr. Murray Smith Sasolburg – Dr. Letitia Swartz Smithfield – Dr. Nienke van Hasselt Trompsburg/Springfontein – Dr. Wyn Irwin Viljoenskroon -‐ Dr. Johan Kahts Villiers – Drs. Hattingh and Hauptfleisch Vrede – Drs. Myburgh and Bester-‐Cloete Wesselsbron –Dr. Johan Jacobs Zastron – Drs. Troskie and Strauss

KwaZulu-‐Natal (19) Bergville -‐ Dr. Ariena Shepherd Bergville – Dr. Jubie Muller Camperdown – Dr. Anthony van Tonder Dundee – Drs. Marais and Fynn Estcourt – Drs.Turner, Tedder, Taylor, Tratschler, Van Rooyen and Alwar Greytown – Dr. Mike Caldicott Howick – Drs. Hughes, Lund, Gordon, Allison and Taylor Ingogo – Dr. Trish Oglesby Kokstad-‐ Drs. Clowes and Shrives Mooi River -‐ Drs. Fowler, Hartley, Waterman and Mallet Mtubatuba – Dr. Trever Viljoen Newcastle – Dr. Barry Rafferty Pietermaritzburg – Dr. Rick Mapham Pietermaritzburg – Dr. Phillip Kretzmann Pongola – Dr. Heinz Kohrs Ulundi – Dr. Ben Muller Underberg -‐ Drs. Collins, King and Delaney Underberg – Drs. Dommett and Dommett Vryheid – Drs.Theron and Theron Eastern Cape (15) Alexandria -‐ Drs. Olivier and Dreyer Aliwal North/Zastron – Drs. Troskie and Strauss Bathurst – Dr. Jane Pistorius Colesberg – Drs. Rous and Rous Cradock – Dr. Frans Erasmus Cradock – Dr. Ilse Jenkinson Graaff-‐ Reinet -‐ Dr. Roland Larson Humansdorp – Drs. Van Niekerk, Janse Vn Vuuren and Basson Kareedouw-‐ Dr. Marten Bootsma Middelburg/Steynsburg – Drs. Van Rooyen and Viljoen Port Alfred – Dr. Leon de Bruyn Queenstown -‐ Drs. Du Preez, Godley, Klopper, Jansen van Vuuren, De Klerk and Catherine Stutterheim -‐ Dr. Dave Waterman Uitenhage – Drs. Mulder and Krüger Witelsbos – Dr. Bernadine van den Berg Western Cape (20) Beaufort West -‐ Drs. Pienaar and Grobler Caledon – Drs. Retief, Coetzer, Conradie and Woudstra Ceres – Drs. Pieterse, Wium, Freeman, De Villiers and Scheepers Darling – Drs. Van der Merwe, Adam and Senekal George -‐ Drs. Strydom, Truter and Pettifer

Heidelberg – Dr. Albert van Zyl Hoekwil – Dr. Riaan Putter Malmesbury – Dr. Otto Kriek Malmesbury – Dr. Markus Fourie Malmesbury – Dr. N.J. Heyns Oudtshoorn – Dr. Glen Carlisle Oudtshoorn – Dr. Adriaan Olivier Piketberg – Dr. André van der Merwe Plettenberg Bay – Dr. André Reitz Plettenbergbay – Dr. Stephan Nell Riversdale – Drs. Du Plessis, Taylor and De Bruyn Stellenbosch – Dr. Alfred Kidd Swellendam – Drs. Malan and Venter Vredenburg -‐ Dr. Izak Rust Wellington – Dr. William van Zyl Northern Cape (7) De Aar – Dr. Donald Anderson Calvinia – Dr. Bertus Nel Colesberg – Drs. Rous and Rous Jan Kempdorp – Dr. Jan Brand Kimberley – Drs. Van Heerden and Swart Kimberley – Dr. Trudie Prinsloo Upington – Drs. Vorster and Visser Feedlots (1) Drs. Morris and Du Preez Laboratory reports (7) Deltamune -‐ Oudtshoorn Dr. Marijke Henton -‐ Vetdiagnostix, Johannesburg Dr. Liza du Plessis – Idexx SA Onderstepoort Dr. Alan Fisher – Queenstown Provincial laboratory Dr. Rick Last – Vetdiagnostix, Pietermaritzburg Dr. Lucy Lange – Pathcare, Cape Town Dr. Emily Lane – National Zoological Gardens

Summary of disease report for June 2016

133 Reports from veterinary practices and laboratories were received (Mpumalanga (MP) 12; Gauteng (G) 19; Limpopo (L) 10; North West (NW) 11; Free State (FS) 26; KwaZulu-‐Natal (KZN) 19;

Eastern Cape (EC) 15; Western Cape (WC) 20; Northern Cape (NC) 7; Feedlots (FL) 1 and Laboratories (Lab) 7).

Internal parasites

In many parts of the country June had been frost free and this could be seen in the many reports received of wireworm infestations. Smallstock farmers should be aware of animals with signs of anaemia and bottle jaw. Visit the website for more information on the FAMACHA www.wormx.infosystem and Five point check.

In the drier parts of the country the presence of long-‐necked bankruptworm was reported. Worm infestations cause huge economic losses if left unattended.

Many animals that have died due to PEM (protein, energy deficiency) syndrome had high liver fluke infestations, with a history of grazing around stagnant water sources.

Turning disease or “gid” in goats was reported. This disease is caused by a bladder worm on the brain where animals are infected with the eggs of a tapeworm of jackals or dogs.

External parasites

June had been hotter than usual and in many places no frost had been encountered. With late rains that fell in some areas the result was that internal and external parasite infestations were rife. Reports of tick and insect borne diseases were received from many parts of the country.

A farmer bought 10 sheep and brought red lice into the flock. Lack of biosecurity meausures can cause immense problems!.

Tick and insect transmitted diseases

The following reports were received: African red water (6 provinces), Asiatic red water (6 provinces), Anaplasmosis (7 provinces), Heartwater (6 provinces) and Corridor disease in KZN. Diseases which usually occur in the summer and autumn were also reported: Lumpy skin disease, Three day stiffsickness and Blue tongue.

Venereal diseases

Trichomonosis – cows were bought at an auction due to drought. Nine out of 11 bulls tested trichomonosis positive. It is imperative that biosecurity measures should be observed at all time. On another farm a bull was bought at a sell out auction. Bull tested positive.

Bacterial diseases

Numerous reports of Blackquarter were received. If animals were vaccinated and given a booster (calves) this would have been prevented!

Beware of Botulism. This disease caused by a deadly toxin could be present any place, any time in South Africa. Be sure cattle are vaccinated. In some parts of the country this toxicity also occurs in small stock.

Johne’s disease is spreading , make sure you know from whom you are buying sheep. Ask for a vendor’s declaration!

Viral diseases

Bovine malignant catarrh (snotsiekte) is rife, make sure wildebeest and cattle are separated as “far as possible!”

Rabies: Numerous cases of rabies, a zoonotic disease, were reported. Be careful handling animals if they show strange behaviour.

Orf, a zoonosis, and warts were reported from most provinces.

The months ahead of us is going to be a big challenge for farmers due to lack of roughage for animals. Hopefully the rains will come early in spring. Our hearts go out to all farmers in drought stricken areas.

Poisonings

Ten out of 4 000 cattle died due to mycotoxicosis. 27 dairy cows died -‐ Profeophos, dichlorphos and piperonyl-‐butoxide were isolated from rumen content.

Management

On a number of farms mortalities occured in very young calves with diarrhoea that in my opinion would not have occurred if the sick calves were housed in warm conditions. A heated place is an absolute prerequisite for successfully treating calves with diarrhoea during our winter months ! In fact all young calves should be reared in their thermoneutral zone and that can only be achieved by supplying a source of heat in the form of infra-‐red lights.

Cattle are less inclined to go to the feed trough during muddy conditions which results in lower feed intake.

• Cattle use more energy slogging through the mud to reach the feed trough. Muddy conditions can increase energy requirements by 10 percent.

• Wet cattle in cold weather need to metabolise more energy to stay warm, also resulting in reduced growth and production.

• An increase in the incidence of LDA’s (left displaced abomasa) on one farm can be ascribed to the muddy conditions where the fresh cows were kept.

Summary of reports

Internal parasites

The following reports were received from practices regarding internal parasite infestations:

Internal parasites MP G L NW FS KZN EC WC NC Roundworms x x x x x x x x Resistant roundworms x x x x x Wireworm x x x x Brown stomach-‐worm x Large-‐mouthed bowelworm Nodularworm Lungworm Eyeworm Parafilaria x x Tapeworms x x x x Liver fluke x x x x x x Conical fluke x x x Cysticercosis (measles) x x x Schistosomiasis (bilharzia) Coccidiosis x x x x x x x Cryptosporidiosis

External parasites

The following reports were received from practices regarding external parasite infestations:

External parasites MP G L NW FS KZN EC WC NC Blue ticks x x x x x x x Resistant blue ticks x x Heartwater ticks x x x x Brown ear-‐ticks x x x Bont-‐legged ticks x x x x x Red-‐legged ticks x x x Paralysis ticks x x x x Biting lice x x x x x Sucking lice x x Itch mites Sheep scab x x x x x x x Mange mites x Nuisance flies x Midges x Mosquitoes x Blowflies x x x x Screw-‐worm x Gedoelstia (uitpeuloogsiekte) Nasal bot x x x

Tick borne diseases

The following tick borne diseases were reported by practices in the provinces:

Tick borne diseases MP G L NW FS KZN EC WC NC African red water x x x x x x Asiatic red water x x x x x x Anaplasmosis x x x x x x x Heartwater x x x x x x Lumpy skin disease x x Corridor disease x Theileriosis

The following tick toxicoses were reported by practices in the provinces:

Tick toxicosis MP G L NW FS KZN EC WC NC Sweating sickness

Insect transmittable diseases

The following insect transmittable diseases were reported by practices in the provinces:

Insect transmittable diseases MP G L NW FS KZN EC WC NC Lumpy skin disease x x Ephemeral fever (Three day stiff sickness) x x x Blue tongue x x x x Rift Valley Fever Wesselsbron Nagana

Do not neglect vaccinating animals! As good rains are forcasted for the next season, plan now to order vaccines in time.

If good rains fall after a drought period one shoulb be aware of the possibility of a Rift Valley Fever outbreak. Attached is information on this deadly disease.

Venerial diseases

The following venereal diseases were reported by practices in the provinces:

Venereal diseases MP G L NW FS KZN EC WC NC Trichomonosis x x x x x x Vibriosis x x x x Pizzle disease x x

New cases of trichomonosis are reported every month and this disease is out of hand. This month it was reported that the disease was brought into the herd by buying in bulls and cows.Make sure sure that you buy bulls from farmers where biosecurity measures are in place!

Make sure that fences are in tact and gates closed so that bulls cannot escape to neighbouring cows that may be infected with Tritrichomonas and become infected.

Cattle study groups should discuss preventative and control measures with their veterinarians. Be sure to test bulls regularly for these diseases.

Beware when buying in or sharing bulls! Remember female animals may also be infected.

Bacterial diseases

The following bacterial diseases were reported by practices in the provinces:

Bacterial diseases MP G L NW FS KZN EC WC NC Anthrax Blackquarter x x x x x x x Botulism x x Pulpy kidney x x x x x x Lamb dysentery x Swelled head x x x Red gut (cattle) x x x Blood gut (sheep) x x x x Tetanus x x Salmonellosis x Bovine brucellosis x x x x Ovine brucellosis x Actinobacillus seminis Bovine tuberculosis Johne’s x x x Leptospirosis Listeriosis Pseudomonas Fusibacterium necrophorum Septicaemia E. coli x x x x x Enzootic abortion x Lumpy wool Uterine gangrene Bovine dermatophilosis (Senkobo disease) x x Wooden tongue Lumpy jaw

A few comments on bacterial diseases:

Study the presence of diseases in your area and update your vaccination programme and order vaccines and booster doses in advance!

To control and eradicate brucellosis is a top priority for all of us!

According to law all heifers must be vaccinated between the ages of 4 to 8 months!

Viral diseases

The following viral diseases were reported by practices in the provinces:

Viral diseases MP G L NW FS KZN EC WC NC BMC (snotsiekte) x x x x x x x Rabies (cattle) x x x x x BVD IBR x x x BRSV PI3 x Maedi visna virus Rotavirus / Coronavirus Enzootic bovine leucosis (EBL) x Sheep leucosis Jaagsiekte x Orf x x x x x x x Warts x x x x x x

There is no treatment for viral diseases with the result that animals have to be protected by vaccinations if they are available.

There is not a vaccine available against snotsiekte. This deadly virus is associated with wildebeest but remember there is also a sheep associated strain. Wildebeest sheds the virus especially during their calving season, when calves are weaned and during the hunting season when they are stressed. A vaccine against snotsiekte is at present been tested and hopefully the dossier for registration will be completed before the end of the year.

Discuss vaccination programmes with your veterinarian.

Fungal diseases

The following fungal disease was reported by practices in the provinces:

Fungal diseases MP G L NW FS KZN EC WC NC Ringworm x x x x x x

Protozoal diseases

Protozoal diseases MP G L NW FS KZN EC WC NC Besnoitiosis (olifantsvelsiekte) x

Toxicities

The following toxicities were reported by practices in the provinces:

Toxicities MP G L NW FS KZN EC WC NC Cardiac glycoside Slangkop Crotularia Gifblaar x x Gousiekte Cestrum (ink berry) x x x x Tulip x x x x x Cynanchum (bobbejaantou) x x Facial eczema x x Lantana x x x x Prussic acid x x x Senecio Cotula nigellifolia (stagger wood) Geeldikkop (duwweltjies) Vermeersiekte Hertia pallens (krimpsiekte) x x Solanum incanum (maldronksiekte) Gomphocarpus (Asclepias) fruticosus (milkweed)

Bracken fern x Kikuyu Ryegrass Ganskweek Paspalum staggers Photosensitivity (unknown cause) Lusern Mycotoxicosis x x x Diplodiosis Lupins Harpuisbos Syringa berries Kraalbos Crotolaria Radish Carrot poisoning Onion poisoning Bracken fern Pollen beetle ( Astylus atromaculatus) Water contamination Nitrate Urea x x x Snake bite x Moth cocoons (impaction) Blue green algae x Copper x x Selenium

Zinc Fluoride Lead Paraquat Phosamine Organophosphate x Pyrethroid Amitraz Levamisole Tilmicosin Ionophor Hypo

As grazing conditions become poorer, toxic plants are usually greener and farmers should be aware of these plants and which clinical signs are seen when they are eaten.

Urea poisoning was on the increase which is a management problem.

Nutritional deficiencies

The following nutritional deficiencies were reported by practices in the provinces: Deficiencies MP G L NW FS KZN EC WC NC

Energy x x x x x x x Protein x x x x x Phosphate x Calcium x x x

Micro-‐nutritional deficiencies

The following micro-‐nutritional deficiencies were reported by practices in the provinces: Deficiencies MP G L NW FS KZN EC WC NC

Iodine x x x Copper Zinc Selenium x Magnesium x Manganese Vitamin A x x x x Vitamin B 1

There are antagonists such as calcium, iron and sulphur which hamper the uptake of micro-‐minerals. Have water and soil samples analysed to see what the levels of these antagonists are.

Arrange with your veterinarian to have liver samples analysed to determine the status of these micro-‐minerals in your herd or flock.

With the drought and lack of proper grazing, mineral deficiencies will increase.

Supplement animals with vitamin A.

Multifactorial diseases and other conditions

The following conditions were reported by practices in the provinces

Multifactorial diseases and other conditions MP G L NW FS KZN EC WC NC Abortions x x x x x x x x Stillbirths x x x Abscesses x x x x x x x Intestinal ulcers Bladder stones x Blindness x Bloat x x x Blood gut (sheep) x x Blue udder x x x Diarrhoea x x x x x Epididymitis x Eye cancer x x x x x Eye infections x x x x x x x x Joint ill x x x Lameness/foot problems x x x x x x x x Lung infection x x x x x x x x Mastitis x x x x x x x Navel ill x Red gut (sheep, torsion of gut) x x Rectal prolaps Trauma x x x x x Plastic bags (ingestion) Downer x x x x x x

Discuss the origin, treatment and prevention of these diseases with your veterinarian

Metabolic diseases

The following diseases were reported by practices in the provinces:

Metabolic diseases MP G L NW FS KZN EC WC NC Acidosis x x x x Displaced abomasums x x x x Ketosis x x x x Milk fever x x x x x

There is an increase in the reporting of acidosis. Many farmers are feeding their animals due to the drought. Make sure that you adapt animals to feed containing concentrates.

Discuss the etiology, treatment and prevention of these diseases with your veterinarian.

Reproductive diseases

Reproductive diseases MP G L NW FS KZN EC WC NC Dystocia (difficult births) x x x x x x x x Endometritis x x x x x Metritis x x x x x Poor conception x x x x x x Retained afterbirth x x x x x x Sheath prolaps x x Uterine prolaps x x x x x x Vaginal prolaps x x x x x x Penis injury

The drought plays a huge role in fertility. Fertility of animals is one of the most important factors determining the success of farming. Discuss all issues with your veterinarian.

Environmental conditions

MP G L NW FS KZN EC WC NC Exposure to cold x x x Frozen to death x x Heat stress Lightning Drought x x x

Other conditions: Predators (NW, FS, KZN); theft (NW, FS) and trauma (G, NW) and numerous cases of traumatic pericarditis – wire penetrating the heart sack from the reticulum.

Comment:

In the CODE OF CONDUCT of the RPO the following standard operating procedures are documented. The local veterinarian should be your partner to help you achieve the necessary standards. http://www.rpo.co.za/BestPractices/English.aspx

PRECAUTIONARY MEASURES TO SUPPORT BIO-‐SECURITY. Precautionary measures are required to protect the herd against diseases acquired because of external contact. The following categories are of concern: 1. DIRECT LIVESTOCK PURCHASES (and own animals returning): The following should be verified before importing new animals into the herd: How long animals have resided at the purchase or previous location? Have there been any recent disease outbreaks in the location?

Do brand marks clearly confirm ownership? Was a vaccination program followed (need paper or veterinarian proof). What are the local prevalent external parasites and the routinely implemented control program? Is a veterinarian supported control program against transmittable diseases followed? Dates and sufficient number of tests for reproductive diseases of both male and female Dates and tests for zoonotic diseases The above should also be verified with the purchaser’s own veterinarian. 2. PURCHASES FROM SALES OR SPECULATORS Purchase only in areas which are not in close proximity to scheduled areas Visually inspect the animals before purchasing for: * brand marks * parasite infestation 3. TRANSPORT TO THE FARM Use only reputable transporters Has the truck been cleaned and disinfected? Truck to follow the shortest uninterrupted route Truck to take the shortest route to the handling facilities Do not allow the truck personnel to get in contact with the farm herd 4. ARRIVAL ON THE FARM Off-‐load the livestock to limit stress and to be visually evaluated for any unnatural conditions Isolate them from the farm herd and shared facilities for at least 21 days (quarantine) Retest for diseases of concern if needed, before mixing with the rest of the herd Process new arrivals within 24 hrs after arrival (unique ID tag brand, dip, dose, vaccinate) Inspect regularly 5. FEED PURCHASES Ensure bales of hay are sourced from areas that are not bordering scheduled areas Purchase feed from reputable dealers only Avoid buying feed in second hand bags Ensure feed trucks are also disinfected and cleaned, especially if also used to transport animals to abattoirs 6. VISITORS Do not allow strangers or their vehicles amongst the livestock Ensure fences are well maintained and preferably jackal and warthog proof 7. EMPLOYEES Do not allow the employees to eat in feed stores Supply employees with sufficient ablution facilities Regularly arrange to let employees be medicated for tape worm and have health check-‐ups Keep record of all employee livestock on the property Treat employee livestock with separate but dedicated health programs Ensure employees understand the reason behind the implemented bio-‐security measures to help ensure compliance. GENERAL AND REPRODUCTION MANAGEMENT

Record keeping: All animals are individually identified and recorded. To prove ownership: All animals are marked with the registered brand mark according to the Animal Identification Act, No 6 of 2002. A defined breeding season is the basis of effective management: The breeding season coincides with the rainy season, i.e. the period when nutritive value of the pasture is at its best. Sufficient energy reserves in the herd as measured by condition scoring are vital, especially for effective breeding, and when inadequate the herd is supplemented in consultation with a nutritionist: Condition scoring of bulls and cows are regularly done, particularly at the onset of the breeding season and supplemented if necessary. Bull -‐ cow ratios are maintained: A ratio of 1 to 25 is maintained in every separate herd. Fertility of breeding bulls: All breeding bulls are tested for mating ability and semen quality before the breeding season. Sexually transferable diseases: Sheath washes or scrapes on bulls are performed annually. Diseases that can cause poor conception, abortion or weak calves: Cows are vaccinated against such diseases in consultation with the veterinarian. Breeding success monitored by a veterinarian: Rectal pregnancy or scan diagnosis is done by the veterinarian 8 weeks after the breeding season. Twenty percent of cows or more not pregnant: Further tests are done to determine cause of low pregnancy rate. Culling of non-‐pregnant cows: Non-‐pregnant cows are removed from the herd and considered a necessary bonus to supporting herd income. HERD HEALTH AND BIO-‐SECURITY Maintenance of herd health is key to a successful enterprise: A veterinarian should visit the farm bi-‐annually at least. Calf mortality before 3 months of age is an important reason for poor weaning percentage: Good management practices are applied to limit early calf deaths. Some diseases and parasites (internal and external) are more often encountered in specific areas: Annual vaccinations and a parasite control program should be applied according to regional requirements and in liaison with the veterinarian. Farmers selling weaned calves to feedlots may want to have a market advantage compared to others: A specific vaccination program is applied before weaning for that purpose. Herds may be at risk of being exposed to CA and TB: The herd is tested annually for CA and all heifers are vaccinated against CA between 4 and 8 months of age with an efficient, approved remedy. The herd is tested at least every 5 years for TB Precautionary measures are required to prevent diseases being imported into the herd: A quarantine program to keep incoming animals separate is followed. All incoming animals have a suitable certificate of negative test results or are of a certified clean, closed herd. Stock remedies and medicines should be registered, correctly stored and used before the transpire date: All medicines and stock remedies are registered, stored and applied according to prescription. Prescribed medicines with a specific application are under the control of the veterinary profession: All prescription medicines are obtained and applied under prescription from a veterinarian.

Practices that had nothing to report Bela-Bela – Dr. Nele Sabbe Cradock – Dr. Ilse Jenkinson

Cradock – Dr. Frans Erasmus Heidelberg – Dr. Albert van Zyl Ingogo – Dr. Trish Oglesby Karino – Dr. Silke Pfitzer Kimberley – Dr. Trudie Prinsloo Lichtenburg – Dr. Nelmarie-Rall Magaliesburg – Dr. Ryan Jeffrey Pietermaritzburg – Dr. Rick Mapham Plettenberg Bay – Stephan Nell Queenstown - Drs. Du Preez, Godley, Klopper, Jansen van Vuuren, De Klerk and Catherine Sasolburg – Dr. Letitia Swartz Trompsburg/Springfontein – Dr. Wyn Irwin Weiilington – Dr. William van Zyl Ostriches Western Cape Oudtshoorn – Ostrimed

Condition Comments Mycoplasmosis -‐2 Change in season – temperature fluctuations

and wind. Increased dust. Most chicks have a sinusitis/ rhinitis and tracheitis. High morbidity increasing production losses – slower growth. Dusty environment due to high heat and dry environment. Wind every afternoon. Dust bowl effect. Together with challenges on nutrients and stress. Opens door for Mycoplasma.

Protein /Energy deficiency -‐3 Rain and sudden drop in temp/ very cold with wind =chill factor. Leads to feed refusal of badly managed feed troughs and feedng. Increased soil pica, high energy demand for chicks that have been placed late in the season. Reduced feed intake, all contribute to diarrhoea – sand irritation and fecal bacteria. Insufficient nutrient intake, stress on immune system and growth. Oppertunistic bacteria or other infections, chronic low grade C. perfringens infection. Gut damage.

Cold and wet Birds have significantly reduced feed intake, resulting in energy and protein deficiency – poor growth and any stress e.g. handling or slightly cold weather causes acute mortalities due to PED = protein energy deficiency.

Opthalmia -‐ 2 Sinusitis -‐ 2 Cold exposure -‐3

Equines Mpumalanga Gauteng Bronkhorstspruit African Horse Sickness – 1 Young horse died not vaccinated Earinfection – 1 Babesiosis – 1 Blocked oesophagus -‐ 1 Limpopo Vaalwater African Horse Sickness -‐ 1 Free-‐State Bethlehem Colic – 2 Ladybrand/Excelsior Brown eartick -‐ 1 Game Gauteng Magaliesburg Rabies – Jackals – 3 Redwater – Sable Pretoria -‐Animavet Intestinal roundworms – 3 Tapeworms – 1 Coccidiosis -‐ 3 Brown ear-‐tick – 2 Heartwater – 3 Red gut – 1 Papilloma warts – 1 Protein deficiency – 2 Energy deficiency – 2 Copper poisoning – 1 Dystocia – 1 Metritis -‐1 Lameness – 2 Eye infection -‐ 2 Limpopo Bela-‐Bela Intestinal roundworms -‐ 2

Mokopane Blue ticks -‐ 1 Heartwater tick – 2 Screw-‐worm – 2 Swelled head – 1 Abscesses -‐ 1 Capture myopathy – 1 Polokwane Bont-‐legged tick – 2 Blackleg – 3 Lameness-‐2 Lungs -‐2 Abscesses -‐ 1 Capture myopathy 1 North West Christiana Resistant roundworms – sable Klerksdorp Redgut -‐1 Lungs – 3 Nyalas, 3 died, 5 treated Abscesses -‐ Steenbok Lichtenburg Blue ticks – 3 Heartwater tick – 2 Brown ear-‐tick – 2 Red gut – 2 Rabies – 1 Lameness – 1 Abscesses -‐ 1 Free State Hertzogville Wireworm – 2 Corridor disease – 1 Brucella abortus – 1 Chemical products -‐1 Cold exposure -‐ 1 KwaZulu-Natal Greytown Rabies-‐ Jackal 1 Pongola Brown ear-‐tick – 1 Protein deficiency – 2 (drought) Energy deficiency – 2 (drought) Eastern Cape Steynsburg Cachexia – 1 Buffalo

Northern Cape Kimberley Phosphate deficiency - Sable – Lost two bulls due to pica , vertebra bones stuck between teeth. Dogs and Cats Gauteng Magaliesburg Rabies – dogs 2 Free State Smithfield Rabies – 3 outbreaks in dogs

Eastern Cape Aliwal North Rabies – one outbreak in cat Monthly report on Livestock and Wildlife isolations for June 2016 from Vetdiagnostix –Microbiology Laboratory, supplied by dr. Marijke Henton ([email protected])

There were 4 cases of bovine abortion. Three of them were due to Trueperella pyogenes, and one to Salmonella Dublin. The herd had an endemic S. Dublin problem, and the affected newly brought in heifer was most probably not vaccinated against it.

Trueperella pyogenes also caused respiratory infections [4], mastitis [2] and abcessation [2] in cattle.

Other causes of respiratory infection were Mannheimia haemolytica [2], Pasteurella multocida [3], Histophilus somni [4], Mycoplasma [4], and one each of Streptococcus suis, Streptococcus uberis and E. coli.

Other causes of bovine mastitis were Staphylococcus aureus, S. pseudintermedius, Streptococcus uberis [2], S. dysgalactiae, Nocardia, Corynebacterium ulcerans, Serratia marsescens, Klebsiella pneumoniae and E. coli. Corynebacterium ulcerans is a pathogen of man and animals. It is related to C. diphtheriae. It has become more frequent in dog and cat infections over the last few years, and as it is known to cause mastitis, one should be alert to this possibility.

Enteritis in calves yielded E. coli in four cases.

Bovine semen yielded Streptococcus canis [group G] which is a rare cause of bovine infections.

A case of myositis was caused by Clostridium chauvoei.

Salmonella Choleraesuis caused septicaemia on an endemic farm, and E. coli was isolated from two cases of enteritis in pigs.

Streptococcus zooepidemicus was the most frequent isolate from horses; abscesses [2], one of them together with the anaerobe, Prevotella, and nasal infections [3]. A bone sequester yielded Staphylococcus aureus, and a draining tract Pseudomonas aeruginosa. An infected wound yielded an ESBL positive Enterobacter. Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase producers are resistant to all penicillins and cephalosporins, and may show false sensitivities to these antibiotics on antibiograms.

Streptococcus pneumoniae was isolated, together with Streptococcus zooepidemicus from a horse with respiratory disease. S. pneumoniae is a rare cause of respiratory disease in horses in South Africa. It is seen more often in Europe than here.

A buffalo aborted due to Brucella abortus.

Trueperella pyogenes caused metritis in a Nyala, two abscesses in Sable, and arthritis in a Roan.

Mannheimia haemolytica was isolated from a buffalo with septicaemia, and a Nyala yielded Clostridium sordellii from necrotic myositis.

Monthly report on Livestock and Wildlife isolations for June 2016 from IDEXX Laboratories supplied by dr. Liza du Plessis (Liza-‐[email protected])

Condition Comments and Specie Conical fluke B 1 Coccidiosis G 1 Tuberculosis G 2 Bovine malignant catthar B 3 Rabies B 2 Energy deficiency G 2 Selenium deficiency G 1 Hepatotoxicity B,G 1 Abortion B 2 Lungs G 3 Eye infection G 1 Abscesses G 1 Cold exposure G 3 Trauma G 2

Feedlot report received from Dr. Shaun Morris and Dr. Eben du Preez for June 2016 ([email protected])

Sheep feedlots:

Numerous cases of the following conditions were diagnosed:

Blood gut

Pulpy kidney

Diarrhoea is due to salmonellosis , acidosis and ma-‐adaption (poor lambs with atrophy of rumen papillae).

Pneumonia – mostly weaker and lambs with lower weights.

Eye infections

Few cases of lameness due to foot abscesses and trauma.

Cattle feedlots:

Pneumonia caused numerous deaths and morbidity. Many new calves that died, already had old abscesses in their lungs.

Acidosis, bloat and red gut casesperidically caused losses. Vitamin B 1 deficiencies could be treate in time.

Warts, ringworm and opthalmia were numerous.

Few cases of lameness.

Few cases where abscesses were found.

Monthly report for June 2016 from Dr R D Last (BVSc; M.Med.Vet(Path); MRCVS) Specialist Veterinary Pathologist, Vetdiagnostix -‐ Veterinary Pathology Services

Contributors Mr Butch Bosch, Ms Ntando Magoso, Mrs Beverley Williams, Ms Nicole Genga, Dr Rick Last

LIVESTOCK DISEASE SURVEILANCE

LIVESTOCK SPECIES DISEASE AGENT NO. CASES LOCATION

Bovine, Calves Cyptosporidiosis 2 Potchefstroom, Northern Province Bovine, Aborted Fetus Salmonella dublin 1 Howick, KZN

Monthly report for June 2016 from Dr. Lucy Lange: PathCare Vetlab ([email protected]) Dok Faffa –Siekteverslag: PathCare Vetlab

Diseasee condition Specie District Comments Necrotic and bacterial enteritis Cattle Vaal Triangle,

Bovine, Adult Cow Gifblaar 1 Viljoenskroon, Free State Bovine, Aborted Fetus Trueperella pyogenes abortion 1 Bergville, KZN Bovine, Aborted Fetus WA -‐ Malignant Catarrhal Fever 1 Rustenburg, North West Bovine, Aborted Fetus Trueperella pyogenes abortion 1 Clocolan, Free State Bovine, Aborted Fetus In-‐utero Anaplasmosis 1 Richmond, KZN Porcine, Weaners Presumptive oedema disease 1 Pongola, KZN

WILDLIFE DISEASE SURVEILANCE

LIVESTOCK SPECIES DISEASE AGENT NO. CASES LOCATION

Sable Antelope, Calf Theileriosis 1 Polokwane, Limpopo Golden Zebra, Sub-‐

adult Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 1 Thabazimbi, Limpopo Buffalo, Heifer Heart-‐pluck Clostridia 1 Northern Cape

Roan Antelope, Adult Bull Transport tetany (electrolyte imbalance) 1 Northern Cape

Roan Antelope, Yearling Truperella pyogenies arthritis 1 Modimole, Limpopo

Buffalo, Aborted Fetus Brucella abortus 1 Northern Cape Rhino White, Cow Microcystis poisoning (Blue green algae) 1 Hoedspruit, Limpopo

Rhino, Black Intestinal zygomycosis with embolic mycotic

pneumonia 1 Nelspruit,

Mpumalanga

Blebok, Yearling Chronic fatty hepatosis with cirrhosis 1 Piet Retief, Mpumalanga

Eland, Cow Theileriosis 1 Polokwane, Limpopo Buffalo, Heifer Septicaemic manheimenellosis 1 Rooiberg, Limpopo

Boland Hepatotoxicity Cattle Vaal Triangle,

North West

Campylobacter Cattle Country Wide Bevestig met PKR

Trichomonosis Cattle Country Wide Bevestig met PKR

Septicemia Cattle Eastern Cape , North West

Colibacilosis Cattle Eastern Cape Myocarditis Cattle Eastern Cape Pneumonia Cattle North West Hepatitis Cattle North West Hypoproteinemia/Starvation Country wide Baie gevalle,

alle ouderdomme

Abortion/placentitis Cattle Vrystaat Myocarditis Cattle Eastern Cape,

North West , Western Cape

Papilloma Horses Western-‐Cape Sarcoid Horses Landwyd Parasitic dermatitis Horses Eastern Cape Fibrosarcoma Horses Western Cape Fibroma Horses Boland Myocarditis Sheep Free State Mastitis Sheep Boland Pulpy kidney Sheep Free State Rumen Atrophy and hypoproteinemia

Sheep Western Cape

Placentitis / abortion Sheep North West, Free State

Johne’s disease Sheep Western Cape Liver necrosis/plant poisoning Sheep Western Cape Hypoproteinemia Sable, Bontebok,

Springbok, Gemsbok, Buffalo

Country wide

Clostridial abomasitis Sable Free State Pneumonia Rhino Northern Cape Allergic/parasitic dermatitis Buffalo Northern Cape Capture myopathy Buffalo, Springbok,

Sable, Eland Country wide

Lung bleeding (? Trauma) Buffalo Free State Parasitic dermatitis Rhino Northern Cape Cardiomyopathy (? Nutrition)) Sable Namibia Hepato-‐cellular necrosis Nyala Namibia

Hepato-‐cellular carcinoma Sable Northern Cape Theileriosis Roan Northern Cape

Comment: Generally much lss cases of production animals and of those more and more died of protein deficiency (hypoproteinemia -‐poor nutrition/nutritional deficiency) and plant toxicities. More cases of capture myopathy in game. Animals and farmers are presently suffering.

Monthly report for June 2016 from Queenstown Provincial Veterinary Laboratory as supplied by Dr. A.D. Fisher ([email protected])

Condition Area Comments and Specie Intestinal roundworms O 3 Resistant roundworms O 1 Liver fluke B,O 3 Sheep scab O 1 Coccidiosis O 3 Asiatic red water B 3 Anaplasmosis B 1 Brucellosis O 2 Rabies

Libode Mthata Cofimvaba Mbizana Sterkstroom

Canine Bovine case Mongoose

Syringa (leaves) C 2 17 Goats died (so far) acutly after eating autumn leaves blown off tree and into the kraal by recent heavy winds. Necropsy: Cardiac failure, severe abomasal ulceration and undigested leaves in rumen.

B – bovine; O – ovine; C – caprine; P – pigs; G – game

1 = one case; 2 = 2 to 9 cases; 3 = more than 10 cases

Wildlife Pathology Research Programme – National Zoological Gardens. Information supplied by Dr. Emily Lane ([email protected])

22nd April 2016 to 19 th May 2016

WILDLIFE PATHOLOGY RESEARCH PROGRAMME NATIONAL ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS P O BOX 754 PRETORIA 0001 232 BOOM ST PRETORIA

PHONE: 012 328 3265 X106, 228, 176 FAX: 012 324 2744 [email protected]; www.nzg.ac.za/research/services.php The National Zoological Gardens of South Africa is a proud facility of the National Research Foundation Member of the World Association of Zoos and Aquariums (WAZA) Pan-African Association of Zoological Gardens. Aquaria and Botanic Gardens (PAAZAB)

DISEASE DISTRIBUTION REPORT AS REPORTED BY VETERINARIANS

Table of Contents

Internal Parasites

Roundworms in general, Resistant Round Worms, Wireworm, Brown stomach-worm, Tape Worms, Parafilaria, Liver fluke, Conical Flukes, Cysticercosis

External Parasites

Blue ticks, Resistant blue Ticks, Heartwater (Bont) ticks, Brown ear-ticks, Bont-legged ticks, Red-legged ticks , Paralysis ticks, Biting lice (red

lice), Sucking lice (blue lice), Scab mites, Mange Mites, Nuisance Flies, Blowflies, Screw-worm , Nasal bot larvae , Midges, Mosquitoes

Tick-borne Diseases

African red water, Asiatic red water, Anaplasmosis, Heartwater, Corridor disease

Insect Transmittable Diseases Lumpy skin disease, Three-day-stiffsickness, Blue tongue

Venereal Diseases Trichomonosis, Vibriosis, Pizzle disease

Bacterial Disease (other)

Blackquarter, Botulism, Pulpy Kidney, Lamb dysentry, Swelled head disease, Redgut (cattle), Blood gut (Sheep), Tetanus, Salmonellosis , Brucella abortus, Brucella ovis, Johne`s disease, Septicemia, E.coli, Enzootic Abortion, Dermatophilosis (Lumpy Wool), Other

Protozoal diseases (other) Besnoitiosis, Coccidiosis

Fungal diseases Ringworm

Viral Diseases (other)

BMC, Rabies, IBR (Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis), PI3, Enzootic Bovine Leucosis (EBL), Jaagsiekte, Orf, Warts

Poisonings (Plant) and Fungal

Cestrum, Cynanchum poisoning, Facial eczema, Gifblaar, Lantana, Nenta poisoning (Krimpsiekte), Prussic acid poisoning, Tulip Poisoning, Mycotoxicosis, Other

Poisonings

Urea Poisoning, Snake Bite, Blue-green algae , Copper Poisoning, Chemical products

Macro Nutritional Problems

Energy deficiency, Protein deficiency, Phosphate deficiency, Calcium deficiency

Micro Nutritional Problems

Iodine deficiency, Zinc deficiency, Selenium deficiency, Magnesium deficiency, Iodine deficiency, Vitamin A deficiency

Multi-factorial Disease Conditions

Abortions, Stillbirths, Abscesses, Abscesses in general, Bladder stones, Blindness, Bloat, Blood gut (sheep and goat), Blue udder, Diarrhoea, Epididymitis , Eye Cancer, Eye infections, Joint Ill, Lameness/Foot Problems, Lung infection, Mastitis in general, Navel Ill, Redgut (Sheep), Trauma, Downer, Other

Metabolic Diseases Acidosis, Displaced abomasum, Ketosis, Milk Fever


Dystocia (Difficult Births), Endometritis, Metritis, Poor conception, Retained afterbirth, Sheath Prolaps, Uterus prolaps, Vaginal (Cervical) prolaps

Climatical Cause Cold exposure, Drought, Frozen to death

Non specific diseases Cause of death not established, Preditors, Sabotation - Theft, Trauma

Internal Parasites

Roundworms in general ^

PROVINCE Mpumalanga Gauteng Limpopo North West

Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 3.0 (3) 3.0 (1) 2.0 (3) 2.6 (5)

2.1 (10) 2.0 (10) 1.0 (1) 2.0 (3)

Level of importance scale: 1 = one case, 2 = more than one case but less than ten and 3 = more than 10 cases reported

Beef 3.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 1.0 (2)

Sheep 3.0 (1) 3.0 (1) 2.0 (2) 2.7 (3)

2.3 (8) 2.5 (4) 1.0 (1) 2.0 (3)

Goat 3.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 2.5 (2)

2.0 (1) 2.0 (4)

Mpumalanga Balfour, Balfour Dierekliniek Beef: 3, Sheep: 3, Goat: 3 Gauteng Pretoria, Anima Veterinary Consulting Rooms Sheep: 3 Limpopo Bela-Bela, Warmbad Dierekliniek Sheep: 2 Polokwane, Pietersburg Veterinary Clinic Sheep: 2, Goat: 2 North West Christiana, Christiana Dierehospitaal Sheep: 3, Goat: 3 Game Klerksdorp, Klerksdorp Dierehospitaal Sheep: 3 Lichtenburg, Silver Cross veterinary Herd Health Sheep: 2, Goat: 2 Free State Bloemfontein, Dr Stephan Wessels Sheep: 3 Bultfontein, Greylingsrust Dierespreekkamer Sheep: 3 Clocolan, Clocolan Dierekliniek Sheep: 3 Hoopstad, Hoopstad Dierekliniek Beef: 1, Sheep: 3 Kroonstad, Kroonstad Dierehospitaal Sheep: 2 Ladybrand, Ladybrand / Excelsior Dierekliniek Sheep: 2, Goat: 2 Memel, Memel Veterinary Clinic Sheep: 1 Villiers, Wilgepoort Dierekliniek Vennootskap Sheep: 1 Kwazulu-Natal Bergville, Tugela Vet Clinic Beef: 1, Goat: 1 Estcourt, Estcourt Vet Clinic Sheep: 3 Howick, Howick Veterinary Clinic

Sheep: 3, Goat: 3 Mtubatuba, Mtubatuba Animal Clinic Beef: 1, Goat: 1 Pietermaritzburg, Richmond Veterinay Clinic Sheep: 2 Ulundi, Dr. Ben Muller CCS Vet Goat: 3 Underberg, Waterford Farm, Underberg Sheep: 2 Mixed worm infestation - nearby farm. Eastern Cape Aliwal North, Hertzogbrug Dierekliniek Sheep: 1 Western Cape Darling, Darling Dierekliniek Sheep: 3 Long-necked bankruptworms in lambs Heidelberg (WC), Heidelberg Dierekliniek Sheep: 2 Riversdale, Riversdal Dierekliniek Sheep: 1

Resistant Round Worms ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 3.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1)

2.5 (4) 1.0 (1)


Sheep 3.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 2.5 (4) 1.0 (1)

Goat 2.0 (1)

Mpumalanga Balfour, Balfour Dierekliniek Sheep: 3 Gauteng Pretoria, Anima Veterinary Consulting Rooms Sheep: 2 North West Christiana, Christiana Dierehospitaal Goat: 2 Free State Bloemfontein, Dr Stephan Wessels Sheep: 3 Clocolan, Clocolan Dierekliniek Sheep: 3 Hoopstad, Hoopstad Dierekliniek Sheep: 3 Ladybrand, Ladybrand / Excelsior Dierekliniek Sheep: 1 Western Cape Caledon, Overberg Veterinary Hospital Sheep: 1

Wireworm ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 3.0 (1)

1.9 (8) 2.5 (2) 1.7 (3)


Beef 1.0 (1)

Sheep 3.0 (1)

2.0 (7) 3.0 (1) 1.7 (3)

Goat 2.0 (1) North West Vryburg, Vryburg Dierehospitaal Sheep: 3 Free State Bultfontein, Greylingsrust Dierespreekkamer Sheep: 3 Clocolan, Clocolan Dierekliniek Sheep: 3 Hertzogville, Hertzogville Dierekliniek Sheep: 2 Hoopstad, Hoopstad Dierekliniek Beef: 1, Sheep: 3 Memel, Memel Veterinary Clinic Sheep: 1 Villiers, Wilgepoort Dierekliniek Vennootskap Sheep: 1 Wesselsbron, Wesselsbron Dierekliniek Sheep: 1 Kwazulu-Natal Estcourt, Estcourt Vet Clinic Goat: 2 Howick, Howick Veterinary Clinic Sheep: 3 Western Cape Riversdale, Riversdal Dierekliniek Sheep: 3 Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch Animal Hospital Sheep: 1 Swellendam, Swellendam Dierehospitaal Sheep: 1

Brown stomach-worm ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.0 (1)


Sheep 2.0 (1) Western Cape Heidelberg (WC), Heidelberg Dierekliniek Sheep: 2

Tape Worms ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 1.5 (2)

2.0 (10) 3.0 (1) 1.0 (2)


Beef 1.0 (1) 3.0 (1) 1.0 (1)

Sheep 1.5 (2)

2.1 (9) 1.0 (1)

North West Klerksdorp, Klerksdorp Dierehospitaal Sheep: 2 Lichtenburg, Silver Cross veterinary Herd Health Sheep: 1 Free State Bloemfontein, Dr Stephan Wessels Sheep: 3 Bultfontein, Greylingsrust Dierespreekkamer Sheep: 3 Clocolan, Clocolan Dierekliniek Sheep: 3 Ficksburg, Oosvrystaat Diere Produkte Sheep: 2 Hertzogville, Hertzogville Dierekliniek Sheep: 2 Kroonstad, Kroonstad Dierehospitaal Sheep: 1 Memel, Memel Veterinary Clinic Beef: 1, Sheep: 1 Parys, Parys Dierehospitaal Sheep: 2 Viljoenskroon, Viljoenskroon Dierekliniek Sheep: 2 Kwazulu-Natal Howick, Howick Veterinary Clinic Beef: 3 Eastern Cape Aliwal North, Hertzogbrug Dierekliniek Beef: 1, Sheep: 1

Parafilaria ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.0 2.0 (1)

(1)


Beef 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1)

North West Vryburg, Vryburg Dierehospitaal Beef: 2 Kwazulu-Natal Mtubatuba, Mtubatuba Animal Clinic Beef: 2

Liver fluke ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 3.0 (3) 2.5 (2) 3.0 (1)

2.0 (1) 2.4 (5) 1.8 (4)


Beef 3.0 (2) 2.5 (2) 2.0 (2) 1.0 (1) Dairy 3.0 (2) 2.0 (1)

Sheep 3.0 (1) 3.0 (1)

2.0 (1) 2.0 (2)

Goat 2.0 (1) Mpumalanga Balfour, Balfour Dierekliniek Beef: 3 Standerton, Econovet Beef: 3, Sheep: 3 Gauteng Bapsfontein, Bapsfontein Dierehospitaal Beef: 3 Seen at abattoir inspection Bronkhorstspruit, Kerkstraat Dierekliniek Beef: 2 North West Klerksdorp, Klerksdorp Dierehospitaal Sheep: 3 Free State Clocolan, Clocolan Dierekliniek Sheep: 2 Kwazulu-Natal Estcourt, Estcourt Vet Clinic Dairy: 3 Howick, Howick Veterinary Clinic Beef: 2, Dairy: 3 Ulundi, Dr. Ben Muller CCS Vet Beef: 2 Many animals that have died due PEM (protein, energy deficiency) syndrome had high liver fluke infestations, all with a history of grazing around stagnant water sources. Goat: 2

Western Cape George, George Animal Hospital Sheep: 2 Heidelberg (WC), Heidelberg Dierekliniek Dairy: 2 Riversdale, Riversdal Dierekliniek Sheep: 2 Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch Animal Hospital Beef: 1

Conical Flukes ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.0 (2) 2.0 (4) 2.0 (1)


Beef 2.0 (2) 2.0 (4) 2.0 (1)

Mpumalanga Balfour, Balfour Dierekliniek Beef: 2 Standerton, Econovet Beef: 2 Free State Bothaville, Cape Cross Bothaville Veterinary Hospital Beef: 2 Clocolan, Clocolan Dierekliniek Beef: 2 Frankfort, Frankfort Dierekliniek Beef: 3 Hoopstad, Hoopstad Dierekliniek Beef: 1 Kwazulu-Natal Howick, Howick Veterinary Clinic Beef: 2

Cysticercosis ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 3.0 (1) 2.0 (2) 1.0 (1)


Beef 3.0 (1) 3.0 (1) 1.0 (1) Goat 1.0 (1) Gauteng Bapsfontein, Bapsfontein Dierehospitaal Beef: 3 Kwazulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Richmond Veterinay Clinic Beef: 3

Pongola, Pongola Animal Clinic Goat: 1 Turning disease in goats Western Cape Beaufort West, Beaufort West State Vet Beef: 1 Old animal slaughtered, numerous calcified cysts.

External Parasites

Blue ticks ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.5 (4) 1.5 (2) 3.0 (2)

2.2 (10) 2.4 (9) 1.0 (1) 2.3 (6)


Beef 2.5 (4) 1.5 (2) 3.0 (1)

2.1 (8) 2.6 (7) 1.0 (1) 2.0 (2)

Dairy 2.0 (1) 2.0 (2) 2.7 (3)

Sheep 3.0 (1)

3.0 (1) 2.0 (1)

Mpumalanga Balfour, Balfour Dierekliniek Beef: 2 Bethal, Bethal Dierekliniek Beef: 3 Ermelo, Môregloed Veterinêre

Spreekkamer Beef: 3 Standerton, Econovet Beef: 2 Limpopo Mokopane, Dr Henk Visser Beef: 1 Polokwane, Pietersburg Veterinary Clinic Beef: 2 North West Lichtenburg, Silver Cross veterinary Herd Health Beef: 3, Sheep: 3 Free State Bloemfontein, Dr Stephan Wessels Beef: 3 Bothaville, Cape Cross Bothaville Veterinary Hospital Beef: 2, Dairy: 2 Clocolan, Clocolan Dierekliniek Beef: 2 Ficksburg, Oosvrystaat Diere Produkte Beef: 2 Hoopstad, Hoopstad Dierekliniek Beef: 3, Sheep: 3 Kroonstad, Kroonstad Dierehospitaal

Beef: 2 Memel, Memel Veterinary Clinic Beef: 2 Villiers, Wilgepoort Dierekliniek Vennootskap Beef: 1 Kwazulu-Natal Bergville, Bergville Veterinary Clinic Beef: 3, Dairy: 2 Bergville, Tugela Vet Clinic Beef: 2 Dundee, Endumeni Herd health Beef: 2 Howick, Howick Veterinary Clinic Beef: 3, Dairy: 2 Mtubatuba, Mtubatuba Animal Clinic Beef: 2 Pietermaritzburg, Richmond Veterinay Clinic Beef: 3 Still no drop in tick numbers - limited frost Vryheid, Dr GH Theron Beef: 3 Eastern Cape Aliwal North, Hertzogbrug Dierekliniek Beef: 1 Western Cape George, George Animal Hospital Beef: 3, Dairy: 3 Heidelberg (WC), Heidelberg Dierekliniek Dairy: 2, Sheep: 2 Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch Animal Hospital Beef: 1 Swellendam, Swellendam Dierehospitaal Dairy: 3

Resistant blue Ticks ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 1.0 (2) 2.5 (2)


Beef 1.0 (2) 2.5 (2)

Free State Reitz, Riemland Dierehospitaal Beef: 1 Villiers, Wilgepoort Dierekliniek Vennootskap Beef: 1 Kwazulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Richmond Veterinay Clinic Beef: 3 Vryheid, Dr GH Theron Beef: 2

Heartwater (Bont) ticks ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.0 (1) 2.5 (6) 2.0 (2) 2.1 (15)


Beef 2.5 (2) 2.0 (2) 2.1 (7)

Dairy 2.0 (1) Sheep 2.0 (1) 2.5 (2) 2.0 (2) Goat 2.5 (2) 2.0 (5) Gauteng Pretoria, Anima Veterinary Consulting Rooms Sheep: 2 Limpopo Mokopane, Dr Henk Visser Beef: 2, Sheep: 2, Goat: 2 Polokwane, Pietersburg Veterinary Clinic Beef: 3, Sheep: 3, Goat: 3 North West Brits, Brits Dierekliniek Beef: 2 Lichtenburg, Silver Cross veterinary Herd Health Beef: 2 Kwazulu-Natal Bergville, Bergville Veterinary Clinic Beef: 2 Estcourt, Estcourt Vet Clinic Beef: 2, Dairy: 2, Goat: 2 Mtubatuba, Mtubatuba Animal Clinic Beef: 2, Goat: 2 Pietermaritzburg, Richmond Veterinay Clinic Beef: 3 Pongola, Pongola Animal Clinic Beef: 1, Sheep: 1, Goat: 1 Ulundi, Dr. Ben Muller CCS Vet Beef: 2, Goat: 2 Vryheid, Dr GH Theron Beef: 3, Sheep: 3, Goat: 3

Brown ear-ticks ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 1.5 (2)


Beef 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 1.5 (2)

Limpopo

Polokwane, Pietersburg Veterinary Clinic Beef: 1 Free State Memel, Memel Veterinary Clinic Beef: 1 Kwazulu-Natal Mtubatuba, Mtubatuba Animal Clinic Beef: 2 Pongola, Pongola Animal Clinic Beef: 1

Bont-legged ticks ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.0 (2) 2.0 (2) 3.0 (5)

2.3 (7) 2.0 (1)


Beef 2.0 (2) 2.0 (1) 3.0 (2)

2.2 (5)

Sheep 2.0 (1) 3.0 (2)

2.5 (2)

Goat 3.0 (1) 2.0 (1)

Mpumalanga Bethal, Bethal Dierekliniek Beef: 2 Lydenburg, Lydenburg Dierespreekkamer Beef: 2 Limpopo Polokwane, Pietersburg Veterinary Clinic Beef: 2, Sheep: 2 North West Christiana, Christiana Dierehospitaal Beef: 3, Sheep: 3 Leeudoringstad, Leeudoringstad Dierekliniek Beef: 3, Sheep: 3, Goat: 3 Free State Bultfontein, Greylingsrust Dierespreekkamer Beef: 2 Clocolan, Clocolan Dierekliniek Beef: 2 Hoopstad, Hoopstad Dierekliniek Beef: 3, Sheep: 3 Memel, Memel Veterinary Clinic Beef: 2, Sheep: 2 Vrede, Vrede Dierehospitaal Beef: 2 Kwazulu-Natal Ulundi, Dr. Ben Muller CCS Vet Goat: 2

Red-legged ticks ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.7 (3)

2.2 (5) 2.0 (1)


Beef 2.5 (2)

2.0 (3) 2.0 (1)

Dairy 2.0 (1)

Sheep 3.0 (1)

3.0 (1)

North West Christiana, Christiana Dierehospitaal Beef: 3, Sheep: 3 Lichtenburg, Silver Cross veterinary Herd Health Beef: 2 Free State Hoopstad, Hoopstad Dierekliniek Beef: 3, Sheep: 3 Kroonstad, Kroonstad Dierehospitaal Beef: 2, Dairy: 2 Vrede, Vrede Dierehospitaal Beef: 1 Kwazulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Richmond Veterinay Clinic Beef: 2

Paralysis ticks ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 1.5 (2) 1.0 (2) 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1)


Beef 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1)

Sheep 2.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1)

Goat 1.0 (1) Free State Bloemfontein, Dr Stephan Wessels Beef: 1 Phillipstown, Rowelsfontein veearts Spreekkamer Sheep: 2 Eastern Cape Aliwal North, Hertzogbrug Dierekliniek Beef: 1, Sheep: 1 Western Cape

Swellendam, Swellendam Dierehospitaal Goat: 1 Northern Cape De Aar, De Aar Veterinary Clinic Sheep: 2 Ticks found on sheep, no paralysis seen.

Biting lice (red lice) ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.0 (2)

2.5 (4) 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 1.0 (2)


Beef 2.0 (1)

2.3 (3) 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1)

Dairy 1.0 (1)

Sheep 2.0 (1)

3.0 (1) 1.0 (1)

North West Leeudoringstad, Leeudoringstad Dierekliniek Sheep: 2 Bought 10 sheep, brought red lice into flock. Lack of biosecurity. Vryburg, Vryburg Dierehospitaal Beef: 2 Free State Clocolan, Clocolan Dierekliniek Beef: 2 Dewetsdorp, Platkop Dierekliniek Beef: 2 Kroonstad, Kroonstad Dierehospitaal Beef: 3, Sheep: 3 Kwazulu-Natal Bergville, Tugela Vet Clinic Sheep: 1 Eastern Cape Aliwal North, Hertzogbrug Dierekliniek Beef: 1 Western Cape Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch Animal Hospital Beef: 1, Dairy: 1

Sucking lice (blue lice) ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1)


Beef 1.0 (1) Sheep 1.0 (1)

Mpumalanga Bethal, Bethal Dierekliniek Beef: 1 Western Cape Beaufort West, Beaufort West State Vet Sheep: 1

Scab mites ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1)

1.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1)


Sheep 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1)

1.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1)

Mpumalanga Standerton, Econovet Sheep: 1 Gauteng Nigel, Welgelegen Dierekliniek Sheep: 1 Sheep scab on a plot, reported to State Vet took over treatment. North West Ventersdorp, Buffelsvlei Dierekliniek Sheep: 1 Free State Frankfort, Frankfort Dierekliniek Sheep: 1 Kwazulu-Natal Underberg, Waterford Farm, Underberg Sheep: 1 Nearby farm Eastern Cape Graaff-Reinet, Graaff Reinet Veterinary Clinic Sheep: 2 Northern Cape De Aar, De Aar Veterinary Clinic Sheep: 2 Found at abattoir from feedlot.

Mange Mites ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 3.0 (1)


Beef 3.0 (1)

Free State

Hoopstad, Hoopstad Dierekliniek Beef: 3

Nuisance Flies ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.0 (2)


Beef 2.0 (1) Goat 2.0 (1) Kwazulu-Natal Mtubatuba, Mtubatuba Animal Clinic Beef: 2, Goat: 2

Blowflies ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1)

2.0 (1) 2.0 (1)


Beef 2.0 (1)

Sheep 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1)

Mpumalanga Standerton, Econovet Sheep: 1 North West Brits, Brits Dierekliniek Beef: 2 Free State Villiers, Wilgepoort Dierekliniek Vennootskap Sheep: 2 Western Cape Heidelberg (WC), Heidelberg Dierekliniek Sheep: 2

Screw-worm ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.0 (2)


Beef 2.0 (1)

Sheep 2.0 (1) Limpopo Mokopane, Dr Henk Visser Beef: 2, Sheep: 2

Nasal bot larvae ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 1.0 (1) 2.0 (2) 1.0 (1) 3.0 (1)


Sheep 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 3.0 (1)

Goat 2.0 (1) 1.0 (1) Free State Memel, Memel Veterinary Clinic Sheep: 1 Kwazulu-Natal Estcourt, Estcourt Vet Clinic Sheep: 2, Goat: 2 Eastern Cape Witelsbos, Witelsbos Veterinary Consulting Rooms Goat: 1 Nyala bulls Western Cape Ceres, Ceres Veterinary Hospital Sheep: 3

Midges ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 3.0 (2)


Beef 3.0 (2)

North West Leeudoringstad, Leeudoringstad Dierekliniek Beef: 3 Vryburg, Vryburg Dierehospitaal Beef: 3

Mosquitoes ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 3.0 (1)


Beef 3.0 (1)

North West Vryburg, Vryburg Dierehospitaal Beef: 3

Tick-borne Diseases

African red water ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 3.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 2.0 (5) 2.0 (11) 1.3 (3)


Beef 3.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 2.0 (5) 2.0 (7) 1.0 (1)

Dairy 2.0 (4) 1.5 (2) Mpumalanga Standerton, Econovet Beef: 3 Gauteng Bapsfontein, Bapsfontein Dierehospitaal Beef: 2 Limpopo Polokwane, Pietersburg Veterinary Clinic Beef: 1 Free State Clocolan, Clocolan Dierekliniek Beef: 3 Frankfort, Frankfort Dierekliniek Beef: 2 Reitz, Riemland Dierehospitaal Beef: 2 Villiers, Wilgepoort Dierekliniek Vennootskap Beef: 1 Vrede, Vrede Dierehospitaal Beef: 2 Kwazulu-Natal Dundee, Endumeni Herd health Beef: 2, Dairy: 2 Estcourt, Estcourt Vet Clinic Beef: 2, Dairy: 2 Howick, Howick Veterinary Clinic Beef: 3, Dairy: 3 Mooi River, Mooirivier Vet Clinic Beef: 1 Mtubatuba, Mtubatuba Animal Clinic

Beef: 2 Pietermaritzburg, Richmond Veterinay Clinic Beef: 2 Underberg, Underberg Veterinary Surgery Dairy: 1 Vryheid, Dr GH Theron Beef: 2 Western Cape George, George Animal Hospital Beef: 1, Dairy: 1 Heidelberg (WC), Heidelberg Dierekliniek Dairy: 2

Asiatic red water ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.2 (5) 2.0 (2) 1.0 (1) 1.7 (3) 1.6 (8) 1.5 (2)


Beef 2.2 (5) 2.0 (2) 1.0 (1) 1.7 (3) 1.7 (6)

Dairy 1.5 (2) 1.5 (2) Mpumalanga Bethal, Bethal Dierekliniek Beef: 2 Ermelo, Môregloed Veterinêre Spreekkamer Beef: 3 Middelburg , Middelburg Dierehospitaal Beef: 1 Piet Retief, Pets Vet Hospital Beef: 2 Standerton, Econovet Beef: 3 Gauteng Bapsfontein, Bapsfontein Dierehospitaal Beef: 2 Bronkhorstspruit, Kerkstraat Dierekliniek Beef: 2 Limpopo Polokwane, Pietersburg Veterinary Clinic Beef: 1 Free State Frankfort, Frankfort Dierekliniek Beef: 2 Villiers, Wilgepoort Dierekliniek Vennootskap Beef: 1 Vrede, Vrede Dierehospitaal Beef: 2 Kwazulu-Natal Bergville, Bergville Veterinary Clinic Beef: 2 Camperdown, Camperdown Vet Clinic Beef: 1

Dundee, Endumeni Herd health Beef: 2, Dairy: 1 Estcourt, Estcourt Vet Clinic Beef: 2, Dairy: 2 Pietermaritzburg, Richmond Veterinay Clinic Beef: 2 Pongola, Pongola Animal Clinic Beef: 1 Klipwal area Western Cape George, George Animal Hospital Dairy: 1 Swellendam, Swellendam Dierehospitaal Dairy: 2

Anaplasmosis ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.5 (2) 1.0 (1) 1.8 (4)

1.7 (16) 1.9 (10) 1.5 (2) 2.3 (4)


Beef 2.5 (2) 1.0 (1) 1.8 (4)

1.7 (13) 1.4 (5) 1.5 (2)

Dairy 1.7 (3) 2.4 (5) 2.3 (4)

Mpumalanga Grootvlei, Grootvlei Dierekliniek Beef: 2 Standerton, Econovet Beef: 3 Gauteng Pretoria, Onderstepoort Academic Hospital and Production Animal Clinic Beef: 1 North West Christiana, Christiana Dierehospitaal Beef: 3 Leeudoringstad, Leeudoringstad Dierekliniek Beef: 2 Lichtenburg, Silver Cross veterinary Herd Health Beef: 1 Ventersdorp, Buffelsvlei Dierekliniek Beef: 1 Free State Bloemfontein, Dr Stephan Wessels Beef: 2 Bothaville, Cape Cross Bothaville Veterinary Hospital Dairy: 2 4 animals on one farm. One died, prepartal cow, rest in milk Bultfontein, Greylingsrust Dierespreekkamer Beef: 2 Clocolan, Clocolan Dierekliniek Beef: 3, Dairy: 2 Ficksburg, Oosvrystaat Diere Produkte

Dairy: 1 Harrismith, Harrismith Dierehospitaal Beef: 2 Hertzogville, Hertzogville Dierekliniek Beef: 1 Hoopstad, Hoopstad Dierekliniek Beef: 2 Kroonstad, Kroonstad Dierehospitaal Beef: 1 Memel, Memel Veterinary Clinic Beef: 1 Reitz, Riemland Dierehospitaal Beef: 3 Viljoenskroon, Viljoenskroon Dierekliniek Beef: 1 Villiers, Wilgepoort Dierekliniek Vennootskap Beef: 1 Vrede, Vrede Dierehospitaal Beef: 2 Wesselsbron, Wesselsbron Dierekliniek Beef: 1 Kwazulu-Natal Bergville, Bergville Veterinary Clinic Beef: 2 Camperdown, Camperdown Vet Clinic Beef: 2 Dundee, Endumeni Herd health Dairy: 2 Estcourt, Estcourt Vet Clinic Beef: 1, Dairy: 2 Howick, Howick Veterinary Clinic Dairy: 3 Ulundi, Dr. Ben Muller CCS Vet Beef: 1 Underberg, Underberg Veterinary Surgery Dairy: 3 Late seasonal premunity breakdown Underberg, Waterford Farm, Underberg Beef: 1 Anaplasmosis in beef cow - nearby farm Dairy: 2 Outbreak of Anaplasma marginale in dairy cows - only second time in 35 years. Eastern Cape Graaff-Reinet, Graaff Reinet Veterinary Clinic Beef: 1 Port Alfred, Port Alfred Veterinary Clinic Beef: 2 Two cases of anaplasmosis near Fish River Western Cape George, George Animal Hospital Dairy: 2 Heidelberg (WC), Heidelberg Dierekliniek Dairy: 2 Hoekwil, Riaan Putter Dairy: 3 Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch Animal Hospital Dairy: 2

Heartwater ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 3.0 (2) 2.0 (4) 1.2 (6) 1.6 (5) 2.3 (11) 2.0 (2)


Beef 3.0 (1) 2.0 (2) 1.0 (1) 1.5 (2) 2.3 (4)

Dairy 2.0 (1)

Sheep 3.0 (1) 1.3 (3) 1.5 (2) 3.0 (1) 2.0 (1)

Goat 3.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 1.0 (2) 2.0 (1) 2.2 (5) 2.0 (1)

Mpumalanga Lydenburg, Lydenburg Dierespreekkamer Beef: 3 Nelspruit, Nelspruit Animal Hospital Goat: 3 Heartwater in Boergoats - 15 cases Gauteng Bapsfontein, Bapsfontein Dierehospitaal Beef: 2 Pretoria, Anima Veterinary Consulting Rooms Sheep: 3 Pretoria, Onderstepoort Academic Hospital and Production Animal Clinic Beef: 2, Goat: 1 Limpopo Bela-Bela, Warmbad Dierekliniek Sheep: 2 Mokopane, Dr Henk Visser Beef: 1, Sheep: 1, Goat: 1 Polokwane, Pietersburg Veterinary Clinic Sheep: 1, Goat: 1 North West Brits, Brits Dierekliniek Beef: 1, Sheep: 2, Goat: 2 Leeudoringstad, Leeudoringstad Dierekliniek Beef: 2 Seven cattle died Stella, Stella Dierekliniek Sheep: 1 Kwazulu-Natal Bergville, Bergville Veterinary Clinic Beef: 2 Dundee, Endumeni Herd health Beef: 2 Estcourt, Estcourt Vet Clinic Dairy: 2, Goat: 2 Mtubatuba, Mtubatuba Animal Clinic Beef: 2, Goat: 2 Pongola, Pongola Animal Clinic Goat: 1 Ulundi, Dr. Ben Muller CCS Vet Goat: 3

Late rains led to an outbreak in a small commercial farmer about 1 month after the rains (mid June) Vryheid, Dr GH Theron Beef: 3, Sheep: 3, Goat: 3 Eastern Cape Bathurst, Dr Jane Pistorius Goat: 2 Seven cases Port Alfred, Port Alfred Veterinary Clinic Sheep: 2 Three cases of heartwater - Shaw Park

Corridor disease ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.0 (1)


Beef 2.0 (1) Kwazulu-Natal Pongola, Pongola Animal Clinic Beef: 2 Still some cases in June which is unusual.

Insect Transmittable Diseases

Lumpy skin disease ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 1.0 (2) 2.0 (1)


Beef 1.0 (2) 2.0 (1)

Gauteng Bapsfontein, Bapsfontein Dierehospitaal Beef: 1 Pretoria, Onderstepoort Academic Hospital and Production Animal Clinic Beef: 1 North West Brits, Brits Dierekliniek Beef: 2

Three-day-stiffsickness ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 1.5 (2) 2.0 (2) 2.0 (1)


Beef 1.5 (2) 2.0 (2) 2.0 (1)

Gauteng Bapsfontein, Bapsfontein Dierehospitaal Beef: 2 Pretoria, Onderstepoort Academic Hospital and Production Animal Clinic Beef: 1 North West Brits, Brits Dierekliniek Beef: 1 Leeudoringstad, Leeudoringstad Dierekliniek Beef: 3 Many cases on communal grazing Kwazulu-Natal Estcourt, Estcourt Vet Clinic Beef: 2

Blue tongue ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 3.0 (1) 1.5 (2) 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 3.0 (1)


Sheep 3.0 (1) 1.5 (2) 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 3.0 (1)

Gauteng Bapsfontein, Bapsfontein Dierehospitaal Sheep: 3 Free State Hertzogville, Hertzogville Dierekliniek Sheep: 1 Kroonstad, Kroonstad Dierehospitaal Sheep: 2 Kwazulu-Natal Estcourt, Estcourt Vet Clinic Sheep: 2 Western Cape Beaufort West, Beaufort West State Vet Sheep: 2 Northern Cape Calvinia, Calvinia Veeartskliniek Sheep: 3

Venereal Diseases

Trichomonosis ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.5 (6) 1.8 (6)

2.3 (11) 2.0 (2) 2.0 (1)


Beef 2.5 (6) 1.8 (6)

2.3 (11) 2.0 (2) 2.0 (1)

Mpumalanga Ermelo, Môregloed Veterinêre Spreekkamer Beef: 3 Grootvlei, Grootvlei Dierekliniek Beef: 2 Lydenburg, Lydenburg Dierespreekkamer Beef: 2 Middelburg , Middelburg Dierehospitaal Beef: 3 Piet Retief, Pets Vet Hospital Beef: 3 Volksrust, Cape Cross Volksrust Dierehospitaal Beef: 2 North West Klerksdorp, Klerksdorp Dierehospitaal Beef: 1 Leeudoringstad, Leeudoringstad Dierekliniek Beef: 2 Lichtenburg, Silver Cross veterinary Herd Health Beef: 2 Positive farm Stella, Stella Dierekliniek Beef: 3 New case - cows bought in after auctions due to drought. Nine out of 11 bulls trichomonosis positive. Ventersdorp, Buffelsvlei Dierekliniek Beef: 1 Vryburg, Vryburg Dierehospitaal Beef: 2 Free State Bethlehem, Bethlehem Animal Hospital Beef: 3 Bloemfontein, Dr Stephan Wessels Beef: 1 One Bull in Bloefontein area Bothaville, Cape Cross Bothaville Veterinary Hospital Beef: 2 2 farms,1 with 1 bull bought from a sellout breeder..another farm 2/5 bulls positive Frankfort, Frankfort Dierekliniek Beef: 3 Harrismith, Harrismith Dierehospitaal Beef: 1 Hertzogville, Hertzogville Dierekliniek Beef: 2 Hoopstad, Hoopstad Dierekliniek Beef: 3 Kroonstad, Kroonstad Dierehospitaal Beef: 3 Reitz, Riemland Dierehospitaal Beef: 2 Villiers, Wilgepoort Dierekliniek Vennootskap Beef: 3

Vrede, Vrede Dierehospitaal Beef: 2 Kwazulu-Natal Bergville, Bergville Veterinary Clinic Beef: 2 Dundee, Endumeni Herd health Beef: 2 Western Cape Oudtshoorn, Deltamune Beef: 2 In Queenstown area

Vibriosis ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 1.5 (2) 2.0 (4)

1.0 (3) 2.0 (1)


Beef 1.5 (2) 2.0 (4)

1.0 (3) 2.0 (1)

Mpumalanga Balfour, Balfour Dierekliniek Beef: 2 Middelburg , Middelburg Dierehospitaal Beef: 1 North West Klerksdorp, Klerksdorp Dierehospitaal Beef: 1 Leeudoringstad, Leeudoringstad Dierekliniek Beef: 2 Stella, Stella Dierekliniek Beef: 3 Vryburg, Vryburg Dierehospitaal Beef: 2 Free State Bothaville, Cape Cross Bothaville Veterinary Hospital Beef: 1 Hertzogville, Hertzogville Dierekliniek Beef: 1 Reitz, Riemland Dierehospitaal Beef: 1 Western Cape Oudtshoorn, Deltamune Beef: 2 In Queenstown area

Pizzle disease ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1)


Sheep 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1)

Free State Philippolis, Rowelsfontein veearts Spreekkamer Sheep: 2 Eastern Cape Graaff-Reinet, Graaff Reinet Veterinary Clinic Sheep: 2

Bacterial Disease (other)

Blackquarter ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.4 (7) 2.0 (2) 1.7 (3)

1.8 (9) 1.5 (8) 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1)


Beef 2.2 (5) 2.0 (2) 1.5 (2)

1.9 (8) 1.2 (5) 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1)

Dairy 2.5 (2)

Sheep 3.0 (2) 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1)

Goat 2.0 (1)

Mpumalanga Balfour, Balfour Dierekliniek Beef: 2 Calves Grootvlei, Grootvlei Dierekliniek Beef: 2 Middelburg , Middelburg Dierehospitaal Beef: 1 Piet Retief, Pets Vet Hospital Beef: 3, Sheep: 3 Standerton, Econovet Beef: 3, Sheep: 3 Limpopo Mokopane, Dr Henk Visser Beef: 1 Polokwane, Pietersburg Veterinary Clinic Beef: 3 North West Jan Kempdorp, Dr. Jan D Brand Beef: 2 Blackquarter outbreak in young Jerseys in Vryburg area. Klerksdorp, Klerksdorp Dierehospitaal Beef: 1 Leeudoringstad, Leeudoringstad Dierekliniek Goat: 2

Free State Clocolan, Clocolan Dierekliniek Beef: 2 Frankfort, Frankfort Dierekliniek Beef: 3 Gariepdam, Gariep Dierekliniek Beef: 2 Five cattle died - possibly Clostridium septicum Kroonstad, Kroonstad Dierehospitaal Beef: 1 Memel, Memel Veterinary Clinic Beef: 1, Sheep: 1 Villiers, Wilgepoort Dierekliniek Vennootskap Beef: 2 Vrede, Vrede Dierehospitaal Beef: 2 Wesselsbron, Wesselsbron Dierekliniek Beef: 2 Kwazulu-Natal Bergville, Bergville Veterinary Clinic Beef: 2, Dairy: 2 Bergville, Tugela Vet Clinic Beef: 1 Dundee, Endumeni Herd health Beef: 1 Estcourt, Estcourt Vet Clinic Beef: 1 Newcastle, Ncanduvet Newcastle Sheep: 1 Underberg, Underberg Veterinary Surgery Dairy: 3 Underberg, Waterford Farm, Underberg Beef: 1 Beef weaner Eastern Cape Aliwal North, Hertzogbrug Dierekliniek Beef: 2 Western Cape Plettenberg Bay, Plettenberg Bay A Reitz Beef: 2 Two, 2 year old heifers out of a herd of 100 died due to Clostridium chauvoei.

Botulism ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1)


Beef 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1)

North West Christiana, Christiana Dierehospitaal Beef: 2 Western Cape

Oudtshoorn, Ostrimed Beef: 2

Pulpy Kidney ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 1.3 (3) 1.7 (11) 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 2.0 (2)


Sheep 1.3 (3) 1.7 (11) 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 2.0 (2)

Mpumalanga Ermelo, Môregloed Veterinêre spreekkamer

Sheep: 1 Middelburg , Middelburg Dierehospitaal Sheep: 1 Piet Retief, Pets Vet Hospital Sheep: 2 Free State Clocolan, Clocolan Dierekliniek Sheep: 2 Frankfort, Frankfort Dierekliniek Sheep: 3 Harrismith, Harrismith Dierehospitaal Sheep: 1 Hertzogville, Hertzogville Dierekliniek Sheep: 1 Kroonstad, Kroonstad Dierehospitaal Sheep: 2 Ladybrand, Ladybrand / Excelsior Dierekliniek Sheep: 1 Phillipstown, Rowelsfontein veearts Spreekkamer Sheep: 1 Reitz, Riemland Dierehospitaal Sheep: 2 Villiers, Wilgepoort Dierekliniek Vennootskap Sheep: 2 Vrede, Vrede Dierehospitaal Sheep: 3 Wesselsbron, Wesselsbron Dierekliniek Sheep: 1 Kwazulu-Natal Vryheid, Dr GH Theron Sheep: 2 Eastern Cape Aliwal North, Hertzogbrug Dierekliniek Sheep: 2 Western Cape Caledon, Overberg Veterinary Hospital Sheep: 1 Northern Cape Colesberg, Karoo Veterinary Hospital Sheep: 2

De Aar, De Aar Veterinary Clinic Sheep: 2

Lamb dysentry ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.0 (1)


Sheep 2.0 (1)

Free State Bultfontein, Greylingsrust Dierespreekkamer Sheep: 2

Swelled head disease ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1)


Beef 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1)

Sheep 2.0 (1)

Mpumalanga Ermelo, Môregloed Veterinêre spreekkamer

Beef: 1 Gauteng Bronkhorstspruit, Kerkstraat Dierekliniek Beef: 2 Free State Wesselsbron, Wesselsbron Dierekliniek Sheep: 2

Redgut (cattle) ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 1.7 (3) 2.0 (1) 1.0 (1)


Beef 1.7 (3) 2.0 (1)

Dairy 1.0 (1) Free State Ladybrand, Ladybrand / Excelsior Dierekliniek Beef: 2 Memel, Memel Veterinary Clinic Beef: 1 Villiers, Wilgepoort Dierekliniek Vennootskap Beef: 2 Kwazulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Richmond Veterinay Clinic Beef: 2 Eastern Cape Alexandria, Alexandria Platteland Spreekkamer Dairy: 1

Blood gut (Sheep) ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.0 (1) 1.8 (4) 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1)


Sheep 2.0 (1) 1.8 (4) 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1)

Mpumalanga Standerton, Econovet Sheep: 2 Free State Kroonstad, Kroonstad Dierehospitaal Sheep: 2 Ladybrand, Ladybrand / Excelsior Dierekliniek Sheep: 2 Viljoenskroon, Viljoenskroon Dierekliniek Sheep: 1 Villiers, Wilgepoort Dierekliniek Vennootskap Sheep: 2 Western Cape Heidelberg (WC), Heidelberg Dierekliniek Sheep: 1 Northern Cape Colesberg, Karoo Veterinary Hospital Sheep: 2 Lambs

Tetanus ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.0 (1) 1.0 (1)


Beef 1.0 (1)

Goat 2.0 (1) Kwazulu-Natal Ulundi, Dr. Ben Muller CCS Vet Goat: 2 Eastern Cape Aliwal North, Hertzogbrug Dierekliniek Beef: 1

Salmonellosis ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 1.0 (1)


Beef 1.0 (1) Eastern Cape Humansdorp, Humansdorp Veterinary Clinic Beef: 1

Brucella abortus ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 1.0 (2) 1.0 (1) 1.3 (3)

2.3 (10)


Beef 1.0 (2) 1.0 (1) 1.3 (3)

2.2 (9)

Dairy 3.0 (1)

Mpumalanga Balfour, Balfour Dierekliniek Beef: 1 Ermelo, Môregloed Veterinêre spreekkamer

Beef: 1 Limpopo Polokwane, Pietersburg Veterinary Clinic Beef: 1 North West Christiana, Christiana Dierehospitaal Beef: 2 Klerksdorp, Klerksdorp Dierehospitaal Beef: 1 Ventersdorp, Buffelsvlei Dierekliniek Beef: 1 Free State Bethlehem, Freestate Bethlehem SV Beef: 3 Clocolan, Clocolan Dierekliniek

Beef: 3, Dairy: 3 Frankfort, Frankfort Dierekliniek Beef: 3 Hertzogville, Hertzogville Dierekliniek Beef: 2 Hoopstad, Hoopstad Dierekliniek Beef: 3 Reitz, Riemland Dierehospitaal Beef: 1 Smithfield, Freestate Smithfield SV Beef: 1 Viljoenskroon, Viljoenskroon Dierekliniek Beef: 1 Villiers, Wilgepoort Dierekliniek Vennootskap Beef: 3

Brucella ovis ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 3.0 (1)


Sheep 3.0 (1)

Free State Villiers, Wilgepoort Dierekliniek Vennootskap Sheep: 3

Johne`s disease ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 1.0 (1)

1.0 (1) 2.0 (1)


Beef 1.0 (1)

1.0 (1)

Sheep 2.0 (1) North West Lichtenburg, Silver Cross veterinary Herd Health Beef: 1 Free State Hoopstad, Hoopstad Dierekliniek Beef: 1 Western Cape Piketberg, Piketberg Dierehospitaal Sheep: 2

Septicemia ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.0 (1) 1.0 (1)


Dairy 2.0 (1) Sheep 1.0 (1) Kwazulu-Natal Howick, Howick Veterinary Clinic Dairy: 2 Western Cape Riversdale, Riversdal Dierekliniek Sheep: 1

E. coli ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.0 (1) 2.0 (4)

2.3 (6) 1.5 (4) 1.5 (2)


Beef 2.0 (1) 1.0 (2)

3.0 (1) 2.0 (1)

Dairy 1.5 (2) 2.0 (1)

Sheep 3.0 (2)

2.2 (5)

Goat 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1) Limpopo Polokwane, Pietersburg Veterinary Clinic Beef: 2 North West Brits, Brits Dierekliniek Beef: 1 Christiana, Christiana Dierehospitaal Beef: 1 Leeudoringstad, Leeudoringstad Dierekliniek Sheep: 3 Many cases in lambs Vryburg, Vryburg Dierehospitaal Sheep: 3 Free State Bothaville, Cape Cross Bothaville Veterinary Hospital Sheep: 2 Bultfontein, Greylingsrust Dierespreekkamer Sheep: 3 Clocolan, Clocolan Dierekliniek Beef: 3, Sheep: 3 Viljoenskroon, Viljoenskroon Dierekliniek Sheep: 1 Wesselsbron, Wesselsbron Dierekliniek

Sheep: 2 Kwazulu-Natal Howick, Howick Veterinary Clinic Dairy: 2 Mtubatuba, Mtubatuba Animal Clinic Dairy: 1 Pietermaritzburg, Richmond Veterinay Clinic Beef: 2 Ulundi, Dr. Ben Muller CCS Vet Goat: 1 Western Cape George, George Animal Hospital Dairy: 2 Oudtshoorn, Ostrimed Goat: 1

Enzootic Abortion ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.0 (1)


Sheep 2.0 (1)

Free State Kroonstad, Kroonstad Dierehospitaal Sheep: 2

Dermatophilosis (Lumpy Wool) ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1)


Sheep 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1)

Free State Philippolis, Rowelsfontein veearts Spreekkamer Sheep: 1 Western Cape Oudtshoorn, Ostrimed Sheep: 2 Sheep and goats

Other ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 1.0 (1) 2.0 (2)


Beef 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1)

Sheep 2.0 (1)

Gauteng Bronkhorstspruit, Kerkstraat Dierekliniek Beef: 1 Free State Ficksburg, Oosvrystaat Diere Produkte Beef: 2, Sheep: 2

Protozoal diseases (other)

Besnoitiosis ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 1.0 (1)


Beef 1.0 (1) Mpumalanga Middelburg , Middelburg Dierehospitaal Beef: 1

Coccidiosis ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 1.7 (3)

1.3 (7) 1.0 (2) 1.0 (1) 2.0 (2)


Beef 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1)

1.0 (2) 1.0 (1)

Dairy 1.0 (1)

Sheep 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1)

1.5 (4) 2.0 (2)

Goat 3.0 (1)

1.0 (1) 1.0 (1)

Mpumalanga Standerton, Econovet Sheep: 1 Gauteng

Bronkhorstspruit, Kerkstraat Dierekliniek Beef: 1 North West Christiana, Christiana Dierehospitaal Beef: 1 Klerksdorp, Buffeldoorn Dierehospitaal Goat: 3 Kids Lichtenburg, Silver Cross veterinary Herd Health Sheep: 1 Free State Bethlehem, Freestate Bethlehem SV Sheep: 1 Gariepdam, Gariep Dierekliniek Beef: 1 Coccidiosis in a Waygu calf Kroonstad, Kroonstad Dierehospitaal Sheep: 2 Ladybrand, Ladybrand / Excelsior Dierekliniek Goat: 1 Reitz, Riemland Dierehospitaal Beef: 1 Viljoenskroon, Viljoenskroon Dierekliniek Sheep: 1 Villiers, Wilgepoort Dierekliniek Vennootskap Sheep: 2 Kwazulu-Natal Mtubatuba, Mtubatuba Animal Clinic Beef: 1, Goat: 1 Eastern Cape Alexandria, Alexandria Platteland Spreekkamer Dairy: 1 Western Cape Darling, Darling Dierekliniek Sheep: 3 Lambs Riversdale, Riversdal Dierekliniek Sheep: 1

Fungal diseases

Ringworm ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 1.0 (2) 2.0 (1)

1.7 (3) 2.1 (7) 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1)


Beef 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1)

1.7 (3) 2.0 (6)

Dairy 1.0 (1) 3.0 (1) 2.0 (1) Goat 2.0 (1) Mpumalanga Bethal, Bethal Dierekliniek

Beef: 1, Dairy: 1 North West Christiana, Christiana Dierehospitaal Beef: 2 Free State Ficksburg, Oosvrystaat Diere Produkte Beef: 1 Harrismith, Harrismith Dierehospitaal Beef: 1 Parys, Parys Dierehospitaal Beef: 3 Kwazulu-Natal Bergville, Bergville Veterinary Clinic Beef: 2 Estcourt, Estcourt Vet Clinic Beef: 1 Howick, Howick Veterinary Clinic Beef: 2 Mtubatuba, Mtubatuba Animal Clinic Beef: 2 Pietermaritzburg, Richmond Veterinay Clinic Beef: 3 Ulundi, Dr. Ben Muller CCS Vet Beef: 2 Underberg, Underberg Veterinary Surgery Dairy: 3 Eastern Cape Graaff-Reinet, Graaff Reinet Veterinary Clinic Goat: 2 Western Cape Heidelberg (WC), Heidelberg Dierekliniek Dairy: 2

Viral Diseases (other)

BMC ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 1.0 (1) 2.0 (2) 1.0 (1)

1.0 (2) 1.0 (2) 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1)


Beef 1.0 (1) 2.0 (2) 1.0 (1)

1.0 (2) 1.0 (2) 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1)

Mpumalanga Nelspruit, Nelspruit Animal Hospital Beef: 1 Limpopo Mokopane, Dr Henk Visser Beef: 3 A lot of outbreaks and many cattle affected. Most farms not big enough to move away from threat. Polokwane, Pietersburg Veterinary Clinic Beef: 1 North West Brits, Brits Dierekliniek

Beef: 1 Free State Harrismith, Harrismith Dierehospitaal Beef: 1 Kroonstad, Kroonstad Dierehospitaal Beef: 1 Kwazulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Richmond Veterinay Clinic Beef: 1 Underberg, Underberg Veterinary Surgery Beef: 1 Eastern Cape Uitenhage, Uitenhage Dierehospitaal Beef: 1 Western Cape Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch Animal Hospital Beef: 1 PCR positive - Blue Wildebeest post mortem

Rabies ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 1.5 (2) 2.0 (1) 1.0 (1)

1.0 (1) 3.0 (1)


Beef 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 3.0 (1)

Sheep 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1)

Gauteng Muldersdrift, Muldersdrift Animal Hospital Beef: 2 Rabies in dogs, cattle (more than 5), lots of jackal Pretoria, Onderstepoort Academic Hospital and Production Animal Clinic Sheep: 1 Limpopo Bela-Bela, Warmbad Dierekliniek Beef: 2 North West Ventersdorp, Buffelsvlei Dierekliniek Beef: 1 Free State Clocolan, Clocolan Dierekliniek Sheep: 1 Kwazulu-Natal Underberg, Underberg Veterinary Surgery Beef: 3 Beef herd initially infected by jackal; further cases suspect lateral transmission via drinking trough water

IBR (Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis) ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 1.5 (2) 3.0 (1) 1.0 (1)


Beef 1.5 (2) 3.0 (1) 1.0 (1)

Free State Clocolan, Clocolan Dierekliniek Beef: 1 Vrede, Vrede Dierehospitaal Beef: 2 Kwazulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Richmond Veterinay Clinic Beef: 3 Eastern Cape Aliwal North, Hertzogbrug Dierekliniek Beef: 1

PI3 ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 1.0 (1)


Beef 1.0 (1) Western Cape Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch Animal Hospital Beef: 1

Enzootic Bovine Leucosis (EBL) ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.0 (1)


Dairy 2.0 (1) Kwazulu-Natal Underberg, Underberg Veterinary Surgery Dairy: 2

Jaagsiekte ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 1.0 (1)


Sheep 1.0 (1)

Free State Frankfort, Frankfort Dierekliniek Sheep: 1

Orf ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 1.0 (1) 1.3 (3)

1.3 (3) 2.0 (2) 1.0 (2) 2.0 (1) 2.3 (3)


Sheep 1.5 (2)

1.0 (2) 2.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 2.5 (2)

Goat 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1)

2.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1)

Limpopo Polokwane, Pietersburg Veterinary Clinic Goat: 1 North West Christiana, Christiana Dierehospitaal Goat: 1 Lichtenburg, Silver Cross veterinary Herd Health Sheep: 1 Rustenburg, Bergbos Dierekliniek Sheep: 2 Free State Bothaville, Cape Cross Bothaville Veterinary Hospital Goat: 2 Single farm with old problem Kroonstad, Kroonstad Dierehospitaal Sheep: 1 Philippolis, Rowelsfontein veearts Spreekkamer Sheep: 1 Kwazulu-Natal Dundee, Endumeni Herd health Sheep: 2 Mtubatuba, Mtubatuba Animal Clinic Goat: 2 Eastern Cape Graaff-Reinet, Graaff Reinet Veterinary Clinic Goat: 1 Uitenhage, Uitenhage Dierehospitaal Sheep: 1 Western Cape Caledon, Overberg Veterinary Hospital Sheep: 2 Northern Cape Calvinia, Calvinia Veeartskliniek Sheep: 3

Upington, Upington Veterinary Clinic Sheep: 2 Four farms Goat: 2

Warts ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 1.5 (4)

1.8 (4) 2.4 (5) 2.0 (1)


Beef 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 2.0 (2)

1.8 (4) 2.3 (4) 2.0 (1)

Dairy 3.0 (1)

Sheep 1.0 (1)

Goat 1.0 (1)

Mpumalanga Lydenburg, Lydenburg Dierespreekkamer Beef: 1 Limpopo Mokopane, Dr Henk Visser Beef: 1 North West Brits, Brits Dierekliniek Beef: 2 Lichtenburg, Silver Cross veterinary Herd Health Sheep: 1, Goat: 1 Vryburg, Vryburg Dierehospitaal Beef: 2 Free State Clocolan, Clocolan Dierekliniek Beef: 2 Ficksburg, Oosvrystaat Diere Produkte Beef: 1 Frankfort, Frankfort Dierekliniek Beef: 3 Wesselsbron, Wesselsbron Dierekliniek Beef: 1 Kwazulu-Natal Estcourt, Estcourt Vet Clinic Beef: 1 Mtubatuba, Mtubatuba Animal Clinic Beef: 2 Pietermaritzburg, Richmond Veterinay Clinic Beef: 3 Ulundi, Dr. Ben Muller CCS Vet Beef: 3 Underberg, Underberg Veterinary Surgery Dairy: 3 Western Cape Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch Animal Hospital

Beef: 2

Poisonings (Plant) and Fungal

Cestrum ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 1.0 (1) 3.0 (1)

2.0 (2) 1.5 (2)


Beef 1.0 (1) 3.0 (1)

2.0 (2) 1.0 (1)

Dairy 2.0 (1) Mpumalanga Grootvlei, Grootvlei Dierekliniek Beef: 1 North West Leeudoringstad, Leeudoringstad Dierekliniek Beef: 3 Free State Clocolan, Clocolan Dierekliniek Beef: 3 Ficksburg, Oosvrystaat Diere Produkte Beef: 1 Eastern Cape Alexandria, Alexandria Platteland Spreekkamer Dairy: 2 Humansdorp, Humansdorp Veterinary Clinic Beef: 1

Cynanchum poisoning ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.0 (1) 2.0 (2)


Dairy 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1) Sheep 2.0 (1) Eastern Cape Alexandria, Alexandria Platteland Spreekkamer Dairy: 2 Western Cape Heidelberg (WC), Heidelberg Dierekliniek Dairy: 2 Riversdale, Riversdal Dierekliniek Sheep: 2

Facial eczema ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.0 (2) 1.0 (1)


Beef 2.0 (1)

Sheep 2.0 (1) 1.0 (1)

Free State Kroonstad, Kroonstad Dierehospitaal Beef: 2 Reitz, Riemland Dierehospitaal Sheep: 2 Western Cape Heidelberg (WC), Heidelberg Dierekliniek Sheep: 1

Gifblaar ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 1.0 (1)

2.0 (1)


Beef 1.0 (1)

2.0 (1)

North West Lichtenburg, Silver Cross veterinary Herd Health Beef: 1 Free State Viljoenskroon, Viljoenskroon Dierekliniek Beef: 2

Lantana ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 3.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 1.0 (2) 2.0 (4)


Beef 3.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 2.3 (3)

Dairy 1.0 (1)

Goat 1.0 (1)

Mpumalanga Piet Retief, Pets Vet Hospital Beef: 3 Limpopo Polokwane, Pietersburg Veterinary Clinic Beef: 1 North West Brits, Brits Dierekliniek Beef: 1, Goat: 1 Kwazulu-Natal Bergville, Bergville Veterinary Clinic Beef: 2, Dairy: 1 Ulundi, Dr. Ben Muller CCS Vet Beef: 3 Vryheid, Dr GH Theron Beef: 2

Nenta poisoning (Krimpsiekte) ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1)


Beef 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1) Limpopo Mokopane, Dr Henk Visser Beef: 1 Western Cape Oudtshoorn, Ostrimed Beef: 1

Prussic acid poisoning ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 1.0 (1) 3.0 (1) 2.0 (1)


Sheep 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1) Goat 3.0 (1) Eastern Cape Aliwal North, Hertzogbrug Dierekliniek Sheep: 1 Western Cape George, George Animal Hospital Goat: 3 Northern Cape Colesberg, Karoo Veterinary Hospital Sheep: 2

Tulip Poisoning ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 1.8 (5) 1.5 (2) 2.0 (6) 1.0 (2) 2.0 (1)


Beef 1.8 (5) 1.5 (2) 2.0 (4) 1.0 (2)

Dairy 2.0 (2) Sheep 2.0 (1) Mpumalanga Bethal, Bethal Dierekliniek Beef: 2 Ermelo, Môregloed Veterinêre Spreekkamer Beef: 2 Grootvlei, Grootvlei Dierekliniek Beef: 1 Middelburg , Middelburg Dierehospitaal Beef: 1 Piet Retief, Pets Vet Hospital Beef: 3 Free State Viljoenskroon, Viljoenskroon Dierekliniek Beef: 1 Wesselsbron, Wesselsbron Dierekliniek Beef: 2 Kwazulu-Natal Bergville, Tugela Vet Clinic Beef: 3 Dundee, Endumeni Herd health Beef: 1 Howick, Howick Veterinary Clinic Beef: 2 Mooi River, Mooirivier Vet Clinic Dairy: 2 Newcastle, Ncanduvet Newcastle Beef: 2 Underberg, Underberg Veterinary Surgery Dairy: 2 Western Cape Beaufort West, Beaufort West State Vet Beef: 1 Caledon, Overberg Veterinary Hospital Beef: 1 Northern Cape Colesberg, Karoo Veterinary Hospital Sheep: 2

Mycotoxicosis ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 3.0 (2)


Dairy 2.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 3.0 (1) Sheep 3.0 (1) Kwazulu-Natal Howick, Howick Veterinary Clinic Dairy: 2 Eastern Cape Alexandria, Alexandria Platteland Spreekkamer Dairy: 1 Western Cape George, George Animal Hospital Sheep: 3 Malmesbury, Invitrotech Dairy: 3 Ten out of 4 000 cattle died due to mycotoxicosis

Other ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.0 (1) 1.0 (1)


Beef 2.0 (1) Dairy 1.0 (1) Gauteng Bronkhorstspruit, Kerkstraat Dierekliniek Beef: 2 Solanum incanum - new growth after a bit of rain - 2 cows affected. Western Cape Plettenberg Bay, Plettenberg Bay A Reitz Dairy: 1 One 5 year old cow (400 cows in herd) died of a haemorrhagic diarrhoea - suspect bracken fern poisoning.

Poisonings

Urea Poisoning ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 1.0 (1) 2.0 (2) 3.0 (1) 1.0 (1)


Beef 2.0 (2)

Dairy 3.0 (1) 1.0 (1)

Sheep 1.0 (1) Mpumalanga Bethal, Bethal Dierekliniek Sheep: 1 Free State Bethlehem, Freestate Bethlehem SV Beef: 2 Bloemfontein, Dr Stephan Wessels Beef: 2 Kwazulu-Natal Howick, Howick Veterinary Clinic Dairy: 3 Eastern Cape Alexandria, Alexandria Platteland Spreekkamer Dairy: 1

Snake Bite ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 1.0 (1)


Beef 1.0 (1)

North West Brits, Brits Dierekliniek Beef: 1

Blue-green algae ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.0 (1)


Beef 2.0 (1)

Free State Villiers, Wilgepoort Dierekliniek Vennootskap Beef: 2

Copper Poisoning ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.0 (1) 1.0 (1)


Beef 2.0 (1) 1.0 (1) Limpopo Mokopane, Dr Henk Visser Beef: 2 Eastern Cape Graaff-Reinet, Graaff Reinet Veterinary Clinic Beef: 1

Chemical products ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.0 (1) 3.0 (1)


Beef 2.0 (1)

Dairy 3.0 (1) North West Vryburg, Vryburg Dierehospitaal Beef: 2 Western Cape Piketberg, Piketberg Dierehospitaal Dairy: 3 27 dairy cows died. Profeophos, dichlorphos and piperonyl-butoxide isolated in the rumen.

Macro Nutritional Problems

Energy deficiency ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 3.0 (1) 2.0 (2) 1.0 (1) 2.7 (3)

1.8 (10) 2.4 (10) 2.0 (2)


Beef 3.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 2.7 (3)

2.2 (5) 2.7 (6)

Dairy 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1)

Sheep 2.0 (1) 1.3 (4) 2.0 (2)

Goat 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1) Mpumalanga Nelspruit, Nelspruit Animal Hospital Beef: 3

Serious roughage shortage on most farms - animals in poor condition. Gauteng Pretoria, Onderstepoort Academic Hospital and Production Animal Clinic Beef: 2, Sheep: 2 Limpopo Bela-Bela, Warmbad Dierekliniek Goat: 1 North West Brits, Brits Dierekliniek Beef: 3 Christiana, Christiana Dierehospitaal Beef: 3 Leeudoringstad, Leeudoringstad Dierekliniek Beef: 2 Free State Clocolan, Clocolan Dierekliniek Beef: 3 Hertzogville, Hertzogville Dierekliniek Sheep: 1 Hoopstad, Hoopstad Dierekliniek Beef: 3, Sheep: 1 Kroonstad, Kroonstad Dierehospitaal Beef: 2 Memel, Memel Veterinary Clinic Beef: 1, Sheep: 1 Villiers, Wilgepoort Dierekliniek Vennootskap Dairy: 2, Sheep: 2 Wesselsbron, Wesselsbron Dierekliniek Beef: 2 Kwazulu-Natal Howick, Howick Veterinary Clinic Beef: 3 Mooi River, Mooirivier Vet Clinic Beef: 3 Mtubatuba, Mtubatuba Animal Clinic Beef: 3 Drought still extreme in Zululand Pongola, Pongola Animal Clinic Beef: 2 Second dry winter season following dry summer. Most farmers are feeding livestock and game. Sheep: 2, Goat: 2 Ulundi, Dr. Ben Muller CCS Vet Beef: 3 Deaths reported by farmers. Mostly PEM (protein, energy deficiencies) animals and isolated cases heartwater Underberg, Underberg Veterinary Surgery Beef: 2, Dairy: 2, Sheep: 2 Eastern Cape Alexandria, Alexandria Platteland Spreekkamer Dairy: 2 Witelsbos, Witelsbos Veterinary Consulting Rooms Goat: 2

Protein deficiency ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.0 (2) 2.4 1.4 2.4 (10) 1.5 (2)

(5) (5)


Beef 2.0 (2) 2.5 (4)

1.5 (4) 2.6 (5) 1.0 (1)

Dairy 2.5 (2)

Sheep 2.0 (1)

1.0 (1) 2.0 (2)

Goat 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1) Mpumalanga Middelburg , Middelburg Dierehospitaal Beef: 1 Nelspruit, Nelspruit Animal Hospital Beef: 3 Serious roughage shortage on most farms - animals in poor condition. North West Brits, Brits Dierekliniek Beef: 3 Christiana, Christiana Dierehospitaal Beef: 3 Leeudoringstad, Leeudoringstad Dierekliniek Beef: 2 Lichtenburg, Silver Cross veterinary Herd Health Beef: 2, Sheep: 2 Free State Bethlehem, Freestate Bethlehem SV Beef: 1 Clocolan, Clocolan Dierekliniek Beef: 2 Kroonstad, Kroonstad Dierehospitaal Beef: 2 Memel, Memel Veterinary Clinic Beef: 1, Sheep: 1 Kwazulu-Natal Howick, Howick Veterinary Clinic Beef: 3 Mtubatuba, Mtubatuba Animal Clinic Beef: 3 Drought still extreme in Zululand Pongola, Pongola Animal Clinic Beef: 2 Second dry winter season following dry summer. Most farmers are feeding livestock and game. Sheep: 2, Goat: 2 Ulundi, Dr. Ben Muller CCS Vet Beef: 3 Underberg, Underberg Veterinary Surgery Beef: 2, Dairy: 2, Sheep: 2 Underberg, Waterford Farm, Underberg Dairy: 3 Hypoproteinemia in dairy heifers on veld. Eastern Cape Aliwal North, Hertzogbrug Dierekliniek Beef: 1 Witelsbos, Witelsbos Veterinary Consulting Rooms Goat: 2

Phosphate deficiency ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.3 (4)


Beef 2.3 (3)

Dairy 2.0 (1)

North West Brits, Brits Dierekliniek Beef: 1, Dairy: 2 Christiana, Christiana Dierehospitaal Beef: 3 Vryburg, Vryburg Dierehospitaal Beef: 3

Calcium deficiency ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 1.0 (1)

2.0 (2) 3.0 (1)


Beef 1.0 (1)

Dairy 2.0 (1) 3.0 (1)

Sheep 2.0 (1)

North West Lichtenburg, Silver Cross veterinary Herd Health Beef: 1 Free State Villiers, Wilgepoort Dierekliniek Vennootskap Dairy: 2, Sheep: 2 Kwazulu-Natal Howick, Howick Veterinary Clinic Dairy: 3

Micro Nutritional Problems

Iodine deficiency ^

PROVINCE Mpumalanga Gauteng Limpopo North Free Kwazulu- Eastern Western Northern

West State Natal Cape Cape Cape

Average 2.0 (1)


Dairy 2.0 (1) Kwazulu-Natal Howick, Howick Veterinary Clinic Dairy: 2

Zinc deficiency ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1)


Dairy 2.0 (1)

Sheep 2.0 (1)

North West Brits, Brits Dierekliniek Sheep: 2 Eastern Cape Humansdorp, Humansdorp Veterinary Clinic Dairy: 2

Selenium deficiency ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 1.0 (3)


Beef 1.0 (3) Kwazulu-Natal Dundee, Endumeni Herd health Beef: 1 Newcastle, Ncanduvet Newcastle Beef: 1 Pongola, Pongola Animal Clinic Beef: 1

Magnesium deficiency ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 1.0 (1)


Beef 1.0 (1)

Free State Ladybrand, Ladybrand / Excelsior Dierekliniek Beef: 1

Iodine deficiency ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.0 (2)


Beef 2.0 (1) Dairy 2.0 (1) Kwazulu-Natal Howick, Howick Veterinary Clinic Beef: 2, Dairy: 2

Vitamin A deficiency ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 1.0 (1) 3.0 (1)

2.5 (4) 2.0 (3)


Beef 1.0 (1) 3.0 (1)

2.5 (2) 2.0 (1)

Sheep 2.5 (2) 2.0 (1)

Goat 2.0 (1) Limpopo Mokopane, Dr Henk Visser Beef: 1 North West Christiana, Christiana Dierehospitaal Beef: 3 Free State Hoopstad, Hoopstad Dierekliniek Beef: 3, Sheep: 3 Villiers, Wilgepoort Dierekliniek Vennootskap Beef: 2, Sheep: 2 Kwazulu-Natal Pongola, Pongola Animal Clinic

Beef: 2, Sheep: 2, Goat: 2

Multi-factorial Disease Conditions

Abortions ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.0 (1) 2.0 (2) 2.0 (1) 2.3 (4)

2.4 (11) 2.0 (6) 1.0 (2) 2.5 (2)


Beef 2.0 (1) 3.0 (2)

2.3 (6) 2.3 (3)

Dairy 2.0 (2) 1.0 (2) 3.0 (1)

Sheep 2.0 (2) 1.5 (2)

2.4 (5)

Goat 2.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1) Mpumalanga Lydenburg, Lydenburg Dierespreekkamer Beef: 2 Gauteng Bapsfontein, Bapsfontein Dierehospitaal Sheep: 3 Pretoria, Anima Veterinary Consulting Rooms Sheep: 1 Limpopo Mokopane, Dr Henk Visser Goat: 2 North West Klerksdorp, Klerksdorp Dierehospitaal Beef: 3 Lichtenburg, Silver Cross veterinary Herd Health Sheep: 2 Rustenburg, Bergbos Dierekliniek Sheep: 1 Vryburg, Vryburg Dierehospitaal Beef: 3 Free State Bothaville, Cape Cross Bothaville Veterinary Hospital Beef: 2 Bultfontein, Greylingsrust Dierespreekkamer Sheep: 3 Clocolan, Clocolan Dierekliniek Beef: 3 Frankfort, Frankfort Dierekliniek Beef: 2 Hoopstad, Hoopstad Dierekliniek Beef: 3, Sheep: 3 Kroonstad, Kroonstad Dierehospitaal Sheep: 2 Parys, Parys Dierehospitaal Sheep: 2 Villiers, Wilgepoort Dierekliniek Vennootskap Beef: 2, Sheep: 2

Vrede, Vrede Dierehospitaal Beef: 2 Kwazulu-Natal Bergville, Bergville Veterinary Clinic Beef: 2 Dundee, Endumeni Herd health Dairy: 1 Howick, Howick Veterinary Clinic Beef: 3, Dairy: 3 Newcastle, Ncanduvet Newcastle Beef: 2 Pongola, Pongola Animal Clinic Goat: 1 Eastern Cape Alexandria, Alexandria Platteland Spreekkamer Dairy: 1 Humansdorp, Humansdorp Veterinary Clinic Dairy: 1 Western Cape Ceres, Ceres Veterinary Hospital Goat: 2 Swellendam, Swellendam Dierehospitaal Dairy: 3

Stillbirths ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.3 (3) 2.5 (2) 1.0 (2)


Beef 3.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 1.0 (1)

Dairy 3.0 (1) 1.0 (1)

Sheep 2.0 (2)

Free State Clocolan, Clocolan Dierekliniek Beef: 3 Dewetsdorp, Platkop Dierekliniek Sheep: 2 E. coli placentitis (infection of the placenta) Kroonstad, Kroonstad Dierehospitaal Sheep: 2 Kwazulu-Natal Howick, Howick Veterinary Clinic Beef: 2, Dairy: 3 Western Cape Swellendam, Swellendam Dierehospitaal Beef: 1, Dairy: 1

Abscesses ^

PROVINCE Mpumalanga Gauteng Limpopo North Free Kwazulu- Eastern Western Northern

West State Natal Cape Cape Cape

Average 1.3 (7) 1.0 (2) 2.3 (4)

1.1 (8) 1.5 (6) 1.0 (2) 2.0 (1)


Beef 1.0 (3) 1.0 (2) 2.0 (3)

1.2 (6) 1.3 (4) 1.0 (2)

Dairy 2.0 (1)

Sheep 1.5 (2) 3.0 (1)

1.0 (2) 2.0 (1)

Goat 1.0 (1) 2.0 (2) Gauteng Bapsfontein, Bapsfontein Dierehospitaal Beef: 1 Pretoria, Anima Veterinary Consulting Rooms Sheep: 2 Pretoria, Dr Rosaly Steyn (LNR) CSS vet Beef: 1, Dairy: 2, Goat: 1 Pretoria, Onderstepoort Academic Hospital and Production Animal Clinic Beef: 1, Sheep: 1 Limpopo Mokopane, Dr Henk Visser Beef: 1 Polokwane, Pietersburg Veterinary Clinic Beef: 1 North West Brits, Brits Dierekliniek Beef: 2 Christiana, Christiana Dierehospitaal Beef: 3, Sheep: 3 Ventersdorp, Buffelsvlei Dierekliniek Beef: 1 Free State Bultfontein, Greylingsrust Dierespreekkamer Beef: 1, Sheep: 1 Clocolan, Clocolan Dierekliniek Beef: 1 Dewetsdorp, Platkop Dierekliniek Beef: 1 Hertzogville, Hertzogville Dierekliniek Beef: 2, Sheep: 1 Viljoenskroon, Viljoenskroon Dierekliniek Beef: 1 Vrede, Vrede Dierehospitaal Beef: 1 Kwazulu-Natal Bergville, Tugela Vet Clinic Beef: 1 Mtubatuba, Mtubatuba Animal Clinic Beef: 1 Pongola, Pongola Animal Clinic Beef: 1 Ulundi, Dr. Ben Muller CCS Vet Beef: 2, Goat: 2

Vryheid, Dr GH Theron Goat: 2 Western Cape Ceres, Ceres Veterinary Hospital Beef: 1 Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch Animal Hospital Beef: 1 Northern Cape De Aar, De Aar Veterinary Clinic Sheep: 2

Abscesses in general ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.0 (2)

1.3 (3) 2.3 (4) 1.0 (1)


Beef 2.0 (1)

1.5 (2) 1.0 (1)

Dairy 2.7 (3)

Sheep 2.0 (1)

1.0 (1) 1.0 (1)

North West Rustenburg, Bergbos Dierekliniek Beef: 2, Sheep: 2 Free State Clocolan, Clocolan Dierekliniek Beef: 2 Ficksburg, Oosvrystaat Diere Produkte Beef: 1 Memel, Memel Veterinary Clinic Sheep: 1 Kwazulu-Natal Bergville, Bergville Veterinary Clinic Beef: 1 Estcourt, Estcourt Vet Clinic Dairy: 3 Howick, Howick Veterinary Clinic Dairy: 3 Underberg, Underberg Veterinary Surgery Dairy: 2 Western Cape Riversdale, Riversdal Dierekliniek Sheep: 1

Bladder stones ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 1.5 (2)


Sheep 1.5 (2)

Free State Gariepdam, Gariep Dierekliniek Sheep: 2 Merino lambs, five died Philippolis, Rowelsfontein veearts Spreekkamer Sheep: 1

Blindness ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 1.7 (6)


Beef 1.7 (3)

Sheep 1.7 (3)

Free State Clocolan, Clocolan Dierekliniek Beef: 1 Hertzogville, Hertzogville Dierekliniek Beef: 2 Kroonstad, Kroonstad Dierehospitaal Sheep: 2 Villiers, Wilgepoort Dierekliniek Vennootskap Beef: 2, Sheep: 2 Wesselsbron, Wesselsbron Dierekliniek Sheep: 1

Bloat ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 1.0 (1) 2.2 (5) 1.5 (2)


Beef 1.0 (1) 2.5 (2) 2.0 (1)

Dairy 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1)

Sheep 3.0 (1)

Goat 2.0 (1)

Gauteng Pretoria, Dr Rosaly Steyn (LNR) CSS vet Beef: 1 Free State Hoopstad, Hoopstad Dierekliniek Beef: 3, Sheep: 3 Memel, Memel Veterinary Clinic Dairy: 1 Vrede, Vrede Dierehospitaal Beef: 2, Goat: 2 Kwazulu-Natal Bergville, Bergville Veterinary Clinic Beef: 2 Mixing own feedlot feed Dundee, Endumeni Herd health Dairy: 1

Blood gut (sheep and goat) ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.0 (1) 1.0 (1)


Sheep 2.0 (1) 1.0 (1)

Free State Villiers, Wilgepoort Dierekliniek Vennootskap Sheep: 2 Western Cape Heidelberg (WC), Heidelberg Dierekliniek Sheep: 1

Blue udder ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 1.0 (1) 1.0 (2) 2.0 (1)


Dairy 2.0 (1)

Sheep 1.0 (1) 1.0 (2)

Mpumalanga Bethal, Bethal Dierekliniek Sheep: 1 Free State

Bultfontein, Greylingsrust Dierespreekkamer Sheep: 1 Harrismith, Harrismith Dierehospitaal Sheep: 1 Western Cape Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch Animal Hospital Dairy: 2 E. coli and Klebsiella pneumonia

Diarrhoea ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.1 (7)

2.3 (7) 1.8 (4) 2.0 (1) 1.6 (5)


Beef 2.0 (4)

2.0 (3) 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1)

Dairy 3.0 (1) 2.5 (2) 2.0 (3)

Sheep 2.3 (3)

2.3 (3) 1.0 (1)

Goat 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1) North West Brits, Brits Dierekliniek Beef: 1 Christiana, Christiana Dierehospitaal Beef: 3, Sheep: 3 Klerksdorp, Klerksdorp Dierehospitaal Beef: 2, Sheep: 2 Ventersdorp, Buffelsvlei Dierekliniek Beef: 2, Sheep: 2 Free State Bothaville, Cape Cross Bothaville Veterinary Hospital Beef: 2 Clocolan, Clocolan Dierekliniek Beef: 3, Dairy: 3, Sheep: 3 Reitz, Riemland Dierehospitaal Sheep: 2 Vrede, Vrede Dierehospitaal Beef: 1 Wesselsbron, Wesselsbron Dierekliniek Sheep: 2 Kwazulu-Natal Bergville, Tugela Vet Clinic Beef: 1, Goat: 1 Dundee, Endumeni Herd health Dairy: 2 Howick, Howick Veterinary Clinic Dairy: 3 Eastern Cape Uitenhage, Uitenhage Dierehospitaal Beef: 2 Western Cape

Malmesbury, Dr Otto Kriek Dairy: 2 Oudtshoorn, Ostrimed Goat: 1 Riversdale, Riversdal Dierekliniek Sheep: 1 Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch Animal Hospital Dairy: 1 Swellendam, Swellendam Dierehospitaal Dairy: 3

Epididymitis ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 3.0 (1)


Sheep 3.0 (1)

Free State Villiers, Wilgepoort Dierekliniek Vennootskap Sheep: 3

Eye Cancer ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.0 (1) 1.0 (1)

2.0 (3) 2.0 (2) 1.5 (2)


Beef 2.0 (1) 1.0 (1)

2.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1)

Dairy 2.0 (2) 3.0 (1) 2.0 (1)

Gauteng Bronkhorstspruit, Kerkstraat Dierekliniek Beef: 2 North West Vryburg, Vryburg Dierehospitaal Beef: 1 Free State Clocolan, Clocolan Dierekliniek Beef: 2, Dairy: 3 Hertzogville, Hertzogville Dierekliniek Dairy: 1 Kwazulu-Natal Dundee, Endumeni Herd health Beef: 1 Howick, Howick Veterinary Clinic

Dairy: 3 Western Cape Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch Animal Hospital Beef: 1 Swellendam, Swellendam Dierehospitaal Dairy: 2

Eye infections ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.0 (4) 1.5 (2) 1.0 (1) 2.7 (3)

1.7 (3) 2.3 (12) 1.0 (3) 1.5 (4)


Beef 1.7 (3) 1.0 (1) 2.7 (3)

1.7 (3) 1.8 (5) 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1)

Dairy 3.0 (2) 2.0 (1) Sheep 3.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 3.0 (2) 1.0 (2) 1.0 (1) Goat 1.0 (1) 2.0 (3) 1.0 (1) Mpumalanga Ermelo, Môregloed Veterinêre Spreekkamer Beef: 1 Grootvlei, Grootvlei Dierekliniek Beef: 1 Volksrust, Cape Cross Volksrust Dierehospitaal Beef: 3, Sheep: 3 Gauteng Pretoria, Anima Veterinary Consulting Rooms Sheep: 2 Pretoria, Onderstepoort Academic Hospital and Production Animal Clinic Beef: 1 Limpopo Bela-Bela, Warmbad Dierekliniek Goat: 1 North West Christiana, Christiana Dierehospitaal Beef: 3 Klerksdorp, Klerksdorp Dierehospitaal Beef: 2 Leeudoringstad, Leeudoringstad Dierekliniek Beef: 3 Free State Bothaville, Cape Cross Bothaville Veterinary Hospital Beef: 1 Bultfontein, Greylingsrust Dierespreekkamer Beef: 2 Clocolan, Clocolan Dierekliniek Beef: 2 Kwazulu-Natal Howick, Howick Veterinary Clinic Dairy: 3 Mtubatuba, Mtubatuba Animal Clinic Beef: 2, Goat: 2 Newcastle, Ncanduvet Newcastle

Beef: 1 Pongola, Pongola Animal Clinic Beef: 1, Goat: 1 Ulundi, Dr. Ben Muller CCS Vet Beef: 2 Underberg, Underberg Veterinary Surgery Dairy: 3, Sheep: 3 Vryheid, Dr GH Theron Beef: 3, Sheep: 3, Goat: 3 Eastern Cape Aliwal North, Hertzogbrug Dierekliniek Beef: 1, Sheep: 1 Uitenhage, Uitenhage Dierehospitaal Sheep: 1 Western Cape Darling, Darling Dierekliniek Sheep: 1 Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch Animal Hospital Goat: 1 Swellendam, Swellendam Dierehospitaal Beef: 2, Dairy: 2

Joint Ill ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 1.0 (1) 1.0 (2) 2.0 (2)


Beef 1.0 (1) 1.0 (2) 2.0 (1)

Sheep 2.0 (1) Gauteng Pretoria, Anima Veterinary Consulting Rooms Beef: 1 North West Christiana, Christiana Dierehospitaal Beef: 1 Klerksdorp, Klerksdorp Dierehospitaal Beef: 1 Kwazulu-Natal Vryheid, Dr GH Theron Beef: 2, Sheep: 2

Lameness/Foot Problems ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 1.3 (3) 2.0 (3) 1.7 (3) 2.0 (3)

1.8 (6) 1.0 (2) 1.3 (3) 2.7 (7)


Beef 1.3 (3) 2.0 (1) 1.5 (2) 2.0 (3)

2.0 (4) 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 2.0 (2)

Dairy 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 1.5 (2) 3.0 (2)

Sheep 2.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 3.0 (2)

Goat 2.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 3.0 (1) Mpumalanga Ermelo, Môregloed Veterinêre Spreekkamer Beef: 1 Grootvlei, Grootvlei Dierekliniek Beef: 2 Lydenburg, Lydenburg Dierespreekkamer Beef: 1 Gauteng Pretoria, Anima Veterinary Consulting Rooms Sheep: 2 Pretoria, Dr Rosaly Steyn (LNR) CSS vet Dairy: 2 Pretoria, Onderstepoort Academic Hospital and Production Animal Clinic Beef: 2 Limpopo Bela-Bela, Warmbad Dierekliniek Beef: 1 Polokwane, Pietersburg Veterinary Clinic Beef: 2, Goat: 2 North West Christiana, Christiana Dierehospitaal Beef: 3 Klerksdorp, Klerksdorp Dierehospitaal Beef: 2 Rustenburg, Bergbos Dierekliniek Beef: 1 Free State Clocolan, Clocolan Dierekliniek Beef: 3, Dairy: 2, Sheep: 1 Ficksburg, Oosvrystaat Diere Produkte Beef: 2 Kroonstad, Kroonstad Dierehospitaal Beef: 2 Viljoenskroon, Viljoenskroon Dierekliniek Beef: 1 Kwazulu-Natal Newcastle, Ncanduvet Newcastle Beef: 1 Ulundi, Dr. Ben Muller CCS Vet Goat: 1 Eastern Cape Alexandria, Alexandria Platteland Spreekkamer Dairy: 1 Aliwal North, Hertzogbrug Dierekliniek Beef: 1 Humansdorp, Humansdorp Veterinary Clinic Dairy: 2 Western Cape Caledon, Overberg Veterinary Hospital Beef: 2

Ceres, Ceres Veterinary Hospital Beef: 2 Malmesbury, Dr Otto Kriek Dairy: 3 Oudtshoorn, Ostrimed Sheep: 3, Goat: 3 Swellendam, Swellendam Dierehospitaal Dairy: 3, Sheep: 3

Lung infection ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.2 (6) 2.0 (4) 2.0 (2) 2.6 (7)

2.1 (19) 2.6 (12) 1.3 (4) 1.8 (5)


Beef 2.4 (5) 2.0 (3) 2.0 (1) 2.4 (5)

2.4 (10) 2.6 (7) 1.0 (1)

Dairy 2.0 (2) 2.5 (2) 1.5 (2) 2.5 (2)

Sheep 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 3.0 (1)

1.8 (6) 3.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 1.3 (3)

Goat 3.0 (1)

1.0 (1) 2.5 (2)

Mpumalanga Ermelo, Môregloed Veterinêre Spreekkamer Beef: 2, Sheep: 1 Grootvlei, Grootvlei Dierekliniek Beef: 3 Lydenburg, Lydenburg Dierespreekkamer Beef: 2 Middelburg , Middelburg Dierehospitaal Beef: 2 Standerton, Econovet Beef: 3 Gauteng Bapsfontein, Bapsfontein Dierehospitaal Beef: 3 Also seen at abattoir inspection Nigel, Welgelegen Dierekliniek Beef: 2 Three cases Pretoria, Anima Veterinary Consulting Rooms Sheep: 2 Pretoria, Dr Rosaly Steyn (LNR) CSS vet Beef: 1 Limpopo Polokwane, Pietersburg Veterinary Clinic Beef: 2, Sheep: 2 North West Brits, Brits Dierekliniek Beef: 2 Christiana, Christiana Dierehospitaal

Beef: 3 Klerksdorp, Buffeldoorn Dierehospitaal Sheep: 3 Lambs Goat: 3 Kids Klerksdorp, Klerksdorp Dierehospitaal Beef: 2 Leeudoringstad, Leeudoringstad Dierekliniek Beef: 2 Pasteurella multocida Vryburg, Vryburg Dierehospitaal Beef: 3 Free State Bethlehem, Bethlehem Animal Hospital Beef: 2, Sheep: 1 Bloemfontein, Dr Stephan Wessels Beef: 3 Bothaville, Cape Cross Bothaville Veterinary Hospital Beef: 2 Clocolan, Clocolan Dierekliniek Beef: 3, Dairy: 2, Sheep: 3 Frankfort, Frankfort Dierekliniek Beef: 3, Sheep: 2 Harrismith, Harrismith Dierehospitaal Beef: 2, Goat: 1 Kroonstad, Kroonstad Dierehospitaal Beef: 2 Memel, Memel Veterinary Clinic Beef: 3, Sheep: 1 Reitz, Riemland Dierehospitaal Beef: 2 Villiers, Wilgepoort Dierekliniek Vennootskap Beef: 2, Dairy: 2, Sheep: 2 Vrede, Vrede Dierehospitaal Sheep: 2 Kwazulu-Natal Bergville, Bergville Veterinary Clinic Beef: 2, Dairy: 2 Bergville, Tugela Vet Clinic Beef: 3, Sheep: 3, Goat: 3 Dundee, Endumeni Herd health Beef: 2 Howick, Howick Veterinary Clinic Beef: 3, Dairy: 3 Mtubatuba, Mtubatuba Animal Clinic Beef: 2, Goat: 2 Pietermaritzburg, Richmond Veterinay Clinic Beef: 3 Feedlot weaners Underberg, Underberg Veterinary Surgery Beef: 3 Winter, dust, poor condition Eastern Cape Alexandria, Alexandria Platteland Spreekkamer Dairy: 2 Aliwal North, Hertzogbrug Dierekliniek Beef: 1, Sheep: 1 Humansdorp, Humansdorp Veterinary Clinic Dairy: 1

Western Cape Ceres, Ceres Veterinary Hospital Sheep: 1 George, George Animal Hospital Dairy: 3, Sheep: 2 Malmesbury, Dr Otto Kriek Dairy: 2 Riversdale, Riversdal Dierekliniek Sheep: 1

Mastitis in general ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 1.0 (4) 2.0 (2) 1.0 (2)

1.7 (3) 2.0 (4) 1.0 (1) 2.7 (6)


Beef 1.0 (2) 1.0 (2) 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1)

Dairy 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 1.5 (2) 2.0 (3) 1.0 (1) 2.8 (5)

Sheep 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1)

Mpumalanga Balfour, Balfour Dierekliniek Dairy: 1 Grootvlei, Grootvlei Dierekliniek Beef: 1 Volksrust, Cape Cross Volksrust Dierehospitaal Beef: 1, Sheep: 1 Gauteng Pretoria, Anima Veterinary Consulting Rooms Sheep: 2 Pretoria, Dr Rosaly Steyn (LNR) CSS vet Dairy: 2 North West Christiana, Christiana Dierehospitaal Beef: 1 Rustenburg, Bergbos Dierekliniek Beef: 1 Free State Bothaville, Cape Cross Bothaville Veterinary Hospital Dairy: 1 Clocolan, Clocolan Dierekliniek Dairy: 2 Kroonstad, Kroonstad Dierehospitaal Sheep: 2 Kwazulu-Natal Dundee, Endumeni Herd health Dairy: 1 Estcourt, Estcourt Vet Clinic Dairy: 2 Howick, Howick Veterinary Clinic Dairy: 3

Mtubatuba, Mtubatuba Animal Clinic Beef: 2 Eastern Cape Humansdorp, Humansdorp Veterinary Clinic Dairy: 1 Western Cape Caledon, Overberg Veterinary Hospital Beef: 2 George, George Animal Hospital Dairy: 3 Heidelberg (WC), Heidelberg Dierekliniek Dairy: 2 Malmesbury, Dr Otto Kriek Dairy: 3 Oudtshoorn, Deltamune Dairy: 3 Samples from across the country Swellendam, Swellendam Dierehospitaal Dairy: 3

Navel Ill ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 1.0 (1)


Beef 1.0 (1) Kwazulu-Natal Mtubatuba, Mtubatuba Animal Clinic Beef: 1

Redgut (Sheep) ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 1.0 (1) 1.7 (3)


Sheep 1.0 (1) 1.7 (3)

Mpumalanga Bethal, Bethal Dierekliniek Sheep: 1 Free State Kroonstad, Kroonstad Dierehospitaal Sheep: 2 Memel, Memel Veterinary Clinic Sheep: 1 Villiers, Wilgepoort Dierekliniek Vennootskap Sheep: 2

Trauma ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1)

1.0 (1) 1.0 (1)


Beef 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1)

1.0 (1) 1.0 (1)

Goat 1.0 (1) Gauteng Pretoria, Onderstepoort Academic Hospital and Production Animal Clinic Goat: 1 Fracture Limpopo Mokopane, Dr Henk Visser Beef: 1 Traumatic pericarditis (wire in heartsack) North West Brits, Brits Dierekliniek Beef: 1 Free State Bothaville, Cape Cross Bothaville Veterinary Hospital Beef: 1 Kwazulu-Natal Ulundi, Dr. Ben Muller CCS Vet Beef: 1 Traumatic pericarditis (Wire sticking into heart)

Downer ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 1.0 (1) 3.0 (1)

2.0 (6) 2.0 (3) 2.0 (1) 1.0 (1)


Beef 1.0 (1) 2.0 (4) 2.0 (2) 2.0 (1) 1.0 (1)

Dairy 3.0 (1)

2.0 (2) 2.0 (1)

Gauteng Pretoria, Onderstepoort Academic Hospital and Production Animal Clinic Beef: 1 North West Brits, Brits Dierekliniek Dairy: 3 Free State Bultfontein, Greylingsrust Dierespreekkamer Beef: 2

Clocolan, Clocolan Dierekliniek Beef: 2, Dairy: 2 Frankfort, Frankfort Dierekliniek Beef: 2 Kroonstad, Kroonstad Dierehospitaal Beef: 2 Villiers, Wilgepoort Dierekliniek Vennootskap Dairy: 2 Kwazulu-Natal Howick, Howick Veterinary Clinic Beef: 2, Dairy: 2 Mtubatuba, Mtubatuba Animal Clinic Beef: 2 Eastern Cape Witelsbos, Witelsbos Veterinary Consulting Rooms Beef: 2 Western Cape Swellendam, Swellendam Dierehospitaal Beef: 1

Other ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.0 (3)

1.0 (2) 1.0 (2) 3.0 (1) 3.0 (1)


Beef 1.0 (1)

1.0 (1) 1.0 (1)

Dairy 2.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 3.0 (1) 3.0 (1)

Sheep 3.0 (1)

1.0 (1)

North West Jan Kempdorp, Dr. Jan D Brand Dairy: 2 Two spina bifida cases in a Friesland herd in Delareyville Leeudoringstad, Leeudoringstad Dierekliniek Beef: 1 Anaphylaxis in calf after giving vaccine injection. Sheep: 3 Rectal prolapses in sheep in feedlots. Tails amputated too short. Free State Ladybrand, Ladybrand / Excelsior Dierekliniek Sheep: 1 Ovine lymphoma Parys, Parys Dierehospitaal Beef: 1 Omasum (blaarpens) impaction Kwazulu-Natal Camperdown, Camperdown Vet Clinic Beef: 1 Rumen stasis Dairy: 1

Mastitis in dry period Eastern Cape Kareedouw, Tenax Vet Clinic Dairy: 3 Twenty out of 30 late pregnant cows died overnight. These cows were moved 10 days previously from poor grazing and very dry feed and placed on green grazing. Thought it was fog fever but pathologist did not agree. Western Cape Malmesbury, Dr Otto Kriek Dairy: 3 On a number of farms mortalities occured in very young calves with diarrhoea that in my opinion would not have occurred if the sick calves were housed in warm conditions. A heated place is an absolute prerequisite for successfully treating calves with diarrhoea during our winter months ! In fact all young calves should be reared in their thermoneutral zone and that can only be achieved by supplying a source of heat in the form of infra-red lights.

Metabolic Diseases

Acidosis ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.0 (4) 1.5 (2) 2.2 (12) 2.0 (2)


Beef 1.5 (2) 2.0 (6)

Dairy 2.0 (2)

Sheep 2.5 (2) 2.0 (1) 2.4 (5)

Goat 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1)

Mpumalanga Grootvlei, Grootvlei Dierekliniek Beef: 1, Sheep: 2 Piet Retief, Pets Vet Hospital Beef: 2, Sheep: 3 Gauteng Pretoria, Onderstepoort Academic Hospital and Production Animal Clinic Sheep: 2, Goat: 1 Free State Bethlehem, Bethlehem Animal Hospital Beef: 3, Sheep: 3 Bultfontein, Greylingsrust Dierespreekkamer Beef: 2 Harrismith, Harrismith Dierehospitaal Beef: 1, Sheep: 2 Kroonstad, Kroonstad Dierehospitaal Beef: 2, Sheep: 2, Goat: 2 Memel, Memel Veterinary Clinic Sheep: 3 Villiers, Wilgepoort Dierekliniek Vennootskap Beef: 2, Sheep: 2 Vrede, Vrede Dierehospitaal Beef: 2

Kwazulu-Natal Dundee, Endumeni Herd health Dairy: 2 Estcourt, Estcourt Vet Clinic Dairy: 2

Displaced abomasum ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 2.0 (3) 3.0 (1)


Dairy 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 2.0 (3) 3.0 (1)

Gauteng Pretoria, Onderstepoort Academic Hospital and Production Animal Clinic Dairy: 1 Left displaced abomasum Free State Kroonstad, Kroonstad Dierehospitaal Dairy: 2 Kwazulu-Natal Dundee, Endumeni Herd health Dairy: 2 Estcourt, Estcourt Vet Clinic Dairy: 1 Howick, Howick Veterinary Clinic Dairy: 3 Western Cape Malmesbury, Dr Otto Kriek Dairy: 3 • Cattle are less inclined to go to the feed trough during muddy conditions which results in lower feed intake. • Cattle use more energy slogging through the mud to reach the feed trough. Muddy conditions can increase energy requirements by 10 percent. • Wet cattle in cold weather need to metabolise more energy to stay warm, also resulting in reduced growth and production. • An increase in the incidence of LDA’s on one farm can be ascribed to the muddy conditions where the fresh cows were kept

Ketosis ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.0 (1) 1.6 (8) 2.0 (1) 2.0 (2)


Beef 2.0 (1)

Dairy 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1)

Sheep 1.7 (7) 2.0 (2)

Gauteng Pretoria, Onderstepoort Academic Hospital and Production Animal Clinic Beef: 2 Free State Bothaville, Cape Cross Bothaville Veterinary Hospital Dairy: 1 Bultfontein, Greylingsrust Dierespreekkamer Sheep: 2 Frankfort, Frankfort Dierekliniek Sheep: 2 Harrismith, Harrismith Dierehospitaal Sheep: 1 Hoopstad, Hoopstad Dierekliniek Sheep: 3 Kroonstad, Kroonstad Dierehospitaal Sheep: 1 Memel, Memel Veterinary Clinic Sheep: 1 Villiers, Wilgepoort Dierekliniek Vennootskap Sheep: 2 Kwazulu-Natal Estcourt, Estcourt Vet Clinic Dairy: 2 Western Cape George, George Animal Hospital Sheep: 2 Piketberg, Piketberg Dierehospitaal Sheep: 2

Milk Fever ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1)

1.5 (6) 2.0 (2) 1.5 (2)


Beef 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1)

Dairy 1.0 (1)

1.5 (4) 2.0 (2) 2.0 (1)

Sheep 2.0 (1)

Mpumalanga Grootvlei, Grootvlei Dierekliniek Beef: 1 North West Vryburg, Vryburg Dierehospitaal Dairy: 1 Free State Clocolan, Clocolan Dierekliniek Dairy: 2 Frankfort, Frankfort Dierekliniek Sheep: 2 Harrismith, Harrismith Dierehospitaal

Beef: 1 Memel, Memel Veterinary Clinic Dairy: 1 Villiers, Wilgepoort Dierekliniek Vennootskap Dairy: 2 Wesselsbron, Wesselsbron Dierekliniek Dairy: 1 Kwazulu-Natal Estcourt, Estcourt Vet Clinic Dairy: 1 Howick, Howick Veterinary Clinic Dairy: 3 Western Cape George, George Animal Hospital Dairy: 2 Swellendam, Swellendam Dierehospitaal Beef: 1


Dystocia (Difficult Births) ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 1.7 (11) 1.7 (6) 1.0 (5) 2.0 (7)

1.9 (23) 1.8 (13) 1.3 (3) 1.3 (8)


Beef 2.0 (6) 1.7 (3) 1.0 (1) 2.0 (5)

2.0 (14) 1.9 (8) 1.0 (2) 1.0 (3)

Dairy 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1)

1.0 (2) 1.8 (4) 2.0 (1) 1.7 (3)

Sheep 1.5 (4) 2.0 (2) 1.0 (2) 2.0 (1)

2.0 (7) 2.0 (1) 1.0 (2)

Goat 1.0 (1) 1.0 (2) Mpumalanga Balfour, Balfour Dierekliniek Beef: 1, Sheep: 2 Bethal, Bethal Dierekliniek Beef: 2, Sheep: 1 Ermelo, Môregloed Veterinêre Spreekkamer Beef: 2, Sheep: 1, Goat: 1 Grootvlei, Grootvlei Dierekliniek Beef: 2 Middelburg , Middelburg Dierehospitaal Beef: 3 Volksrust, Cape Cross Volksrust Dierehospitaal Beef: 2, Sheep: 2 Gauteng Bapsfontein, Bapsfontein Dierehospitaal Sheep: 2 Bronkhorstspruit, Kerkstraat Dierekliniek Beef: 1 Muldersdrift, Muldersdrift Animal Hospital

Beef: 2 Caesarians done Pretoria, Dr Rosaly Steyn (LNR) CSS vet Dairy: 1 Pretoria, Onderstepoort Academic Hospital and Production Animal Clinic Beef: 2, Sheep: 2 Limpopo Bela-Bela, Warmbad Dierekliniek Goat: 1 Mokopane, Dr Henk Visser Sheep: 1 Polokwane, Pietersburg Veterinary Clinic Beef: 1, Sheep: 1, Goat: 1 North West Brits, Brits Dierekliniek Dairy: 2 Christiana, Christiana Dierehospitaal Beef: 3 Klerksdorp, Klerksdorp Dierehospitaal Beef: 2 Lichtenburg, Silver Cross veterinary Herd Health Beef: 1 Rustenburg, Bergbos Dierekliniek Beef: 2 Ventersdorp, Buffelsvlei Dierekliniek Beef: 2, Sheep: 2 Free State Bethlehem, Bethlehem Animal Hospital Beef: 3, Sheep: 3 Bultfontein, Greylingsrust Dierespreekkamer Beef: 2 Clocolan, Clocolan Dierekliniek Beef: 2 Dewetsdorp, Platkop Dierekliniek Beef: 1 Ficksburg, Oosvrystaat Diere Produkte Dairy: 1 Frankfort, Frankfort Dierekliniek Beef: 3, Sheep: 3 Gariepdam, Gariep Dierekliniek Sheep: 1 Merino ewe Hertzogville, Hertzogville Dierekliniek Beef: 2, Sheep: 2 Kroonstad, Kroonstad Dierehospitaal Beef: 2 Memel, Memel Veterinary Clinic Beef: 2 Parys, Parys Dierehospitaal Beef: 2 Reitz, Riemland Dierehospitaal Beef: 2, Dairy: 1, Sheep: 2 Viljoenskroon, Viljoenskroon Dierekliniek Beef: 1 Villiers, Wilgepoort Dierekliniek Vennootskap Beef: 2, Sheep: 2 Vrede, Vrede Dierehospitaal Beef: 3 Wesselsbron, Wesselsbron Dierekliniek Beef: 1, Sheep: 1

Kwazulu-Natal Bergville, Bergville Veterinary Clinic Beef: 2, Dairy: 2 Bergville, Tugela Vet Clinic Beef: 1 Dundee, Endumeni Herd health Beef: 1, Dairy: 1 Estcourt, Estcourt Vet Clinic Beef: 2 Howick, Howick Veterinary Clinic Beef: 3, Dairy: 3 Mooi River, Mooirivier Vet Clinic Dairy: 1 Newcastle, Ncanduvet Newcastle Beef: 3, Sheep: 2 Pietermaritzburg, Richmond Veterinay Clinic Beef: 2 Vryheid, Dr GH Theron Beef: 1 Eastern Cape Alexandria, Alexandria Platteland Spreekkamer Dairy: 2 Humansdorp, Humansdorp Veterinary Clinic Beef: 1 Uitenhage, Uitenhage Dierehospitaal Beef: 1 Western Cape Caledon, Overberg Veterinary Hospital Beef: 1 Malmesbury, Dr Otto Kriek Dairy: 2 Oudtshoorn, Ostrimed Sheep: 1 Oudtshoorn, Oudtshoorn Dierekliniek Beef: 1 Plettenberg Bay, Plettenberg Bay A Reitz Beef: 1 Difficult calving in Limousine cow with sepsis - recovered. Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch Animal Hospital Dairy: 1 Swellendam, Swellendam Dierehospitaal Dairy: 2, Sheep: 1

Endometritis ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1)

2.0 (2) 2.5 (2) 2.3 (3)


Beef 2.0 (1)

Dairy 2.0 (1) 2.0 (2) 2.5 (2) 2.3 (3)

Gauteng Pretoria, Dr Rosaly Steyn (LNR) CSS vet Dairy: 2 North West Brits, Brits Dierekliniek Beef: 2 Free State Clocolan, Clocolan Dierekliniek Dairy: 2 Kroonstad, Kroonstad Dierehospitaal Dairy: 2 Kwazulu-Natal Estcourt, Estcourt Vet Clinic Dairy: 2 Howick, Howick Veterinary Clinic Dairy: 3 Western Cape Heidelberg (WC), Heidelberg Dierekliniek Dairy: 2 Hoekwil, Riaan Putter Dairy: 2 Swellendam, Swellendam Dierehospitaal Dairy: 3

Metritis ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 1.0 (1)

2.0 (1) 2.5 (2) 2.0 (2) 2.3 (3)


Beef 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1)

Dairy 2.0 (1) 2.5 (2) 2.0 (1) 2.5 (2)

North West Christiana, Christiana Dierehospitaal Beef: 1 Free State Clocolan, Clocolan Dierekliniek Dairy: 2 Kwazulu-Natal Howick, Howick Veterinary Clinic Dairy: 3 Pietermaritzburg, Richmond Veterinay Clinic Dairy: 2 Eastern Cape Alexandria, Alexandria Platteland Spreekkamer Dairy: 2 Humansdorp, Humansdorp Veterinary Clinic Beef: 2 Western Cape Caledon, Overberg Veterinary Hospital Beef: 2

Malmesbury, Dr Otto Kriek Dairy: 2 Swellendam, Swellendam Dierehospitaal Dairy: 3

Poor conception ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.4 (5) 2.5 (2)

2.3 (8) 2.2 (11) 3.0 (1) 2.5 (2)


Beef 2.5 (4) 2.5 (2)

2.3 (7) 2.1 (7)

Dairy 2.3 (4) 3.0 (1) 3.0 (1)

Sheep 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1)

Mpumalanga Balfour, Balfour Dierekliniek Beef: 2 Poor conception where production licks were not given Bethal, Bethal Dierekliniek Sheep: 2 Ermelo, Moregloed Veterinere Spreekkamer Beef: 3 Lydenburg, Lydenburg Dierespreekkamer Beef: 2 Nelspruit, Nelspruit Animal Hospital Beef: 3 Most herds have lower conception rates (45 to 80%) North West Christiana, Christiana Dierehospitaal Beef: 2 Vryburg, Vryburg Dierehospitaal Beef: 3 Free State Bloemfontein, Dr Stephan Wessels Beef: 3 Bothaville, Cape Cross Bothaville Veterinary Hospital Beef: 2 Clocolan, Clocolan Dierekliniek Beef: 3 Dewetsdorp, Platkop Dierekliniek Beef: 2 Frankfort, Frankfort Dierekliniek Beef: 2 Kroonstad, Kroonstad Dierehospitaal Beef: 2 Villiers, Wilgepoort Dierekliniek Vennootskap Beef: 2, Sheep: 2 Kwazulu-Natal Bergville, Bergville Veterinary Clinic Beef: 3, Dairy: 2 Bergville, Tugela Vet Clinic

Beef: 2 Dundee, Endumeni Herd health Beef: 1 Estcourt, Estcourt Vet Clinic Dairy: 2 Howick, Howick Veterinary Clinic Beef: 2, Dairy: 3 Pietermaritzburg, Richmond Veterinay Clinic Beef: 3 Fertility -real problem - late spring rain Pongola, Pongola Animal Clinic Beef: 1 Underberg, Underberg Veterinary Surgery Dairy: 2 Vryheid, Dr GH Theron Beef: 3 Eastern Cape Alexandria, Alexandria Platteland Spreekkamer Dairy: 3 Dry conditions - low rainfall. Condition loss and production loss. Fertility down. Western Cape Swellendam, Swellendam Dierehospitaal Dairy: 3 Vredenburg, Vredenburg Dierehospitaal Sheep: 2 Generally poor weaning percentage

Retained afterbirth ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 1.0 (2) 3.0 (1)

1.6 (5) 2.0 (3) 1.0 (1) 1.3 (3)


Beef 3.0 (1)

1.5 (4) 1.5 (2) 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1)

Dairy 1.0 (1) 2.0 (1) 3.0 (1) 1.5 (2)

Sheep 1.0 (1) Gauteng Pretoria, Dr Rosaly Steyn (LNR) CSS vet Dairy: 1 Pretoria, Onderstepoort Academic Hospital and Production Animal Clinic Sheep: 1 North West Leeudoringstad, Leeudoringstad Dierekliniek Beef: 3 Probably due to vitamin A deficiency Free State Clocolan, Clocolan Dierekliniek Beef: 2, Dairy: 2 Ficksburg, Oosvrystaat Diere Produkte Beef: 1 Frankfort, Frankfort Dierekliniek

Beef: 2 Hertzogville, Hertzogville Dierekliniek Beef: 1 Kwazulu-Natal Bergville, Bergville Veterinary Clinic Beef: 2 Howick, Howick Veterinary Clinic Dairy: 3 Pietermaritzburg, Richmond Veterinay Clinic Beef: 1 Eastern Cape Aliwal North, Hertzogbrug Dierekliniek Beef: 1 Western Cape Caledon, Overberg Veterinary Hospital Beef: 1 Malmesbury, Dr Otto Kriek Dairy: 1 Swellendam, Swellendam Dierehospitaal Dairy: 2

Sheath Prolaps ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 1.0 (1)

1.0 (2)


Beef 1.0 (1)

1.0 (2)

North West Brits, Brits Dierekliniek Beef: 1 Free State Clocolan, Clocolan Dierekliniek Beef: 1 Kroonstad, Kroonstad Dierehospitaal Beef: 1

Uterus prolaps ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 1.3 (4) 1.0 (1) 1.0 (2)

1.4 (9) 1.0 (5) 1.0 (4)


Beef 1.3 (3) 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1)

1.8 (4) 1.0 (3) 1.0 (1)

Dairy 1.0 (2) 1.0 (2) Sheep 1.0 (1) 1.0 1.2 1.0 (1)

(1) (5) Mpumalanga Bethal, Bethal Dierekliniek Beef: 1 Grootvlei, Grootvlei Dierekliniek Beef: 1, Sheep: 1 Nelspruit, Nelspruit Animal Hospital Beef: 2 Two cases Gauteng Bronkhorstspruit, Kerkstraat Dierekliniek Beef: 1 North West Brits, Brits Dierekliniek Beef: 1, Sheep: 1 Free State Bethlehem, Bethlehem Animal Hospital Beef: 2 Bothaville, Cape Cross Bothaville Veterinary Hospital Sheep: 1 Bultfontein, Greylingsrust Dierespreekkamer Sheep: 2 Clocolan, Clocolan Dierekliniek Beef: 2 Frankfort, Frankfort Dierekliniek Beef: 2 Hertzogville, Hertzogville Dierekliniek Sheep: 1 Philippolis, Rowelsfontein veearts Spreekkamer Sheep: 1 Villiers, Wilgepoort Dierekliniek Vennootskap Beef: 1, Sheep: 1 Kwazulu-Natal Bergville, Bergville Veterinary Clinic Beef: 1 Dundee, Endumeni Herd health Beef: 1 Estcourt, Estcourt Vet Clinic Beef: 1, Dairy: 1 Mooi River, Mooirivier Vet Clinic Dairy: 1 Western Cape Heidelberg (WC), Heidelberg Dierekliniek Dairy: 1 Hoekwil, Riaan Putter Dairy: 1 Riversdale, Riversdal Dierekliniek Sheep: 1 Swellendam, Swellendam Dierehospitaal Beef: 1

Vaginal (Cervical) prolaps ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 1.0 (2) 1.5 (2) 1.0 (1)

1.4 (9) 1.5 (4) 1.0 (1)


Beef 1.0 (1) 1.5 (2) 1.0 (1)

1.6 (5) 1.7 (3)

Sheep 1.0 (1) 1.3 (4) 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1)

Mpumalanga Bethal, Bethal Dierekliniek Beef: 1 Ermelo, Môregloed Veterinêre Spreekkamer Sheep: 1 Gauteng Bronkhorstspruit, Kerkstraat Dierekliniek Beef: 2 Pretoria, Onderstepoort Academic Hospital and Production Animal Clinic Beef: 1 North West Vryburg, Vryburg Dierehospitaal Beef: 1 Free State Clocolan, Clocolan Dierekliniek Beef: 1 Ficksburg, Oosvrystaat Diere Produkte Sheep: 1 Frankfort, Frankfort Dierekliniek Beef: 2 Hertzogville, Hertzogville Dierekliniek Sheep: 1 Memel, Memel Veterinary Clinic Beef: 2, Sheep: 2 Reitz, Riemland Dierehospitaal Beef: 2 Villiers, Wilgepoort Dierekliniek Vennootskap Beef: 1, Sheep: 1 Kwazulu-Natal Bergville, Bergville Veterinary Clinic Beef: 2 Dundee, Endumeni Herd health Beef: 2 Howick, Howick Veterinary Clinic Sheep: 1 Mooi River, Mooirivier Vet Clinic Beef: 1 Western Cape Swellendam, Swellendam Dierehospitaal Sheep: 1

Climatical Cause

Cold exposure ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.0 (1)

2.3 (3) 2.3 (3)


Beef 2.0 (1)

Sheep 2.0 (1)

3.0 (1) 2.0 (1)

Goat 2.0 (1) 2.5 (2)

North West Lichtenburg, Silver Cross veterinary Herd Health Sheep: 2 Free State Clocolan, Clocolan Dierekliniek Beef: 2, Sheep: 3 Kroonstad, Kroonstad Dierehospitaal Goat: 2 Western Cape George, George Animal Hospital Sheep: 2, Goat: 2 Oudtshoorn, Ostrimed Goat: 3

Drought ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.0 (2) 3.0 (3) 3.0 (1)


Beef 2.0 (1) 3.0 (1)

Sheep 2.0 (1) 3.0 (1) 3.0 (1)

Goat 3.0 (1) Free State Dewetsdorp, Platkop Dierekliniek Beef: 2, Sheep: 2 Eastern Cape Witelsbos, Witelsbos Veterinary Consulting Rooms Beef: 3, Sheep: 3, Goat: 3 Western Cape Vredenburg, Vredenburg Dierehospitaal Sheep: 3 Many lamb mortalities due to poor grazing conitions

Frozen to death ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.0 2.0 (1)

(1)


Sheep 2.0 (1) 2.0 (1)

Free State Clocolan, Clocolan Dierekliniek Sheep: 2 Western Cape George, George Animal Hospital Sheep: 2

Non specific diseases

Cause of death not established ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 1.0 (1)


Beef 1.0 (1)

Free State Wesselsbron, Wesselsbron Dierekliniek Beef: 1

Preditors ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 1.0 (1)

2.0 (4) 2.0 (2)


Beef 1.0 (1)

Sheep 2.0 (4) 2.0 (1)

Goat 2.0 (1) North West Brits, Brits Dierekliniek Beef: 1 Free State Kroonstad, Kroonstad Dierehospitaal Sheep: 2 Philippolis, Rowelsfontein veearts Spreekkamer Sheep: 3

Villiers, Wilgepoort Dierekliniek Vennootskap Sheep: 2 Wesselsbron, Wesselsbron Dierekliniek Sheep: 1 Kwazulu-Natal Ulundi, Dr. Ben Muller CCS Vet Goat: 2 Hyaena predation Underberg, Waterford Farm, Underberg Sheep: 2 Sheep ripped by a dog - nearby farm

Sabotation - Theft ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 2.0 (1)

2.3 (4)


Beef 2.0 (1)

2.0 (2)

Sheep 2.5 (2)

North West Vryburg, Vryburg Dierehospitaal Beef: 2 Free State Clocolan, Clocolan Dierekliniek Beef: 3, Sheep: 3 Villiers, Wilgepoort Dierekliniek Vennootskap Beef: 1, Sheep: 2

Trauma ^


Free State

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Average 1.0 (1) 1.0 (1)


Beef 1.0 (1)

Goat 1.0 (1) Gauteng Bronkhorstspruit, Kerkstraat Dierekliniek Goat: 1 Leg fracture North West Brits, Brits Dierekliniek Beef: 1

rep_disease_sum vetprac




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