monsoonal diseases movie

8/8/2019 Monsoonal Diseases Movie

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MONSOONAL DISEASES

PREPARED BY: Anmol Kachroo

CLASS: IX-A

ROLL NO: 06


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TYPES OF MONSOONALDISEASES

MALARIA

DENGUE FEVER

CHIKANGUNYA

VIRAL FEVER

TYPHOID


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MALARIA

MALARIA is a mosquito-borne infectious diseasecaused by a eukaryotic protist of the genusPlasmodium.

Malaria is naturally transmitted by the bite of afemale anopheles mosquito. When a mosquitobites an infected person, a small amount of bloodis taken, which contains malaria parasites. Thesedevelop within the mosquito, and about oneweek later, when the mosquito takes its next

blood meal, the parasites are injected with themosquito's saliva into the person being bitten.

After a period of between two weeks and severalmonths (occasionally years) spent in the liver,the malaria parasites start to multiply within redblood cells, causing symptoms that include fever,


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Click to edit Master text stylesSecond level Third level Fourth level

Fifth level


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PREVENTION OF MALARIA

Prophylactic drugs

Several drugs, most of which are also used for treatment of malaria,can be taken preventively. Modern drugs used include mefloquine(Lariam), doxycycline (available generically), and the combination ofatovaquone and proguanil hydrochloride (Malarone).

Vector control

Indoor residual spraying

Mosquito nets and bedclothes

Vaccination


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CURE OF MALARIA

The treatment of malaria depends on the severityof the disease.

Uncomplicated malaria is treated with oral drugs.

Whether patients who can take oral drugs haveto be admitted depends on the assessment andthe experience of the clinician.

Severe malaria requires the parenteraladministration of anti-malarial drugs.

The traditional treatment for severe malaria hasbeen quinine but there is evidence that theartemisinins are also superior for the treatmentof severe malaria. A large clinical trial is currently

under way to compare the efficacy of quinine and


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DENGUE FEVER

Dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) areacute febrile diseases transmitted by mosquitoes, which occur inthe tropics, can be life-threatening, and are caused by fourclosely related virus serotypes of the genus Flavivirus, familyFlaviviridae. It is also known as breakbone fever, since it can

be extremely painful. Unlike malaria, dengue is just as prevalentin the urban districts of its range as in rural areas.

Dengue is transmitted to humans by theAedes (Stegomyia)aegypti or more rarely theAedes albopictus mosquito. Themosquitoes that spread dengue usually bite at dusk and dawn

but may bite at any time during the day, especially indoors, inshady areas, or when the weather is cloudy.


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PREVENTION OF DENGUE

Remove water in plant pot plates. Clean and scrub theplate thoroughly to remove mosquito eggs. Avoid the useof plant pot plates, if possible.

Do not block the flow of water in scupper drains along

common corridors in HDB estates. Avoid placing pottedplants and other paraphernalia over the scupper drains.

Change water in flower vases. Clean and scrub the innersides of vases. Wash roots of flowers and plantsthoroughly as mosquito eggs can stick to them easily.

Clear fallen leaves and stagnant water in your scupperdrains and garden.

Clear any stagnant water in your air cooler unit.

Clear away fallen leaves in roof gutters and apron drains.If structurally feasible, remove the roof gutters.


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CURE OF DENGUE

The mainstay of treatment is timelysupportive therapy to tackle circulatory

shock due to hemoconcentration andbleeding. Close monitoring of vital signsin the critical period (up to 2 days afterdefervescence - the departure or

subsiding of a fever) is critical. Oralrehydration therapy is recommended toprevent dehydration in moderate tosevere cases. Supplementation with

intravenous fluids may be necessary to


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CHIKUNGUNYA

CHIKUNGUNYA (in the Makondelanguage "that leans downward") virus(CHIKV) is an insect-borne virus, of the

genusAlphavirus, that is transmitted tohumans by virus-carryingAedesmosquitoes. There have been recentbreakouts of CHIKV associated with

severe illness. CHIKV causes an illnesswith symptoms similar to dengue fever.CHIKV manifests itself with an acutefebrile phase of the illness lasting onlytwo to five days, followed by a prolonged


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PREVENTION

The most effective means of prevention are protection against contact withthe disease-carrying mosquitoes and mosquito control. These include usinginsect repellents with substances like DEET (N,N-Diethyl-meta-toluamide;also known as N,N'-Diethyl-3-methylbenzamide or NNDB), icaridin (alsoknown as picaridin and KBR3023), PMD (p-menthane-3,8-diol, a substancederived from the lemon eucalyptus tree), or IR3535.

Wearing bite-proof long sleeves and trousers (pants) also offers protection.In addition, garments can be treated with pyrethroids, a class ofinsecticides that often has repellent properties.

Vaporized pyrethroids (for example in mosquito coils) are also insectrepellents. Securing screens on windows and doors will help to keep

mosquitoes out of the house. In the case of the day-activeAedes aegyptiandAedes albopictus, however, this will have only a limited effect, sincemany contacts between the vector and the host occur outside.


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Fifth level


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VIRAL FEVER

Viral fever refers to a broad spectrum of conditions where viralinfections are associated with elevations of body temperature. Theterm encompasses a wide variety of viral infections, some of whichcan be clearly identified by their symptoms and signs. These viralinfections may show generalised symptoms, but may target

specific organs.Most viral infections are spread by inhalation of aerosolisedparticles, by intake of contaminated water or food, or by directcontact. Infection then spreads locally and thereafter into the bloodstream or lymph channels. Some of the viral infections can betransmitted sexually or by direct inoculation into the blood stream.

The duration of the primary infection may vary from days toseveral weeks. Manifestation of the disease clinically is usually aconsequence of the virus multiplying at a specific site. Eventhough the fever comes down, in some infections the viruscontinues to multiply and cause persistent infection.


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SYMPTOMS OF VIRAL FEVER


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PREVENTION

Viral fevers are difficult to prevent. Theyoccur as epidemics of infectiondepending on their mode of spread.

Vaccines have been tried targeting therespiratory and gastrointestinal viruseswith little success due to several sub-groups of viruses with different forms of

antigenicity, all of which cannot becovered with a single vaccine.Fortunately since most infections aremild and self-limited, we can be assured

of a full recovery.


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CURE OF VIRAL

Treatment of viral fever is purelysymptomatic with antipyretic andanalgesic drugs. Bed rest and adequate

fluid intake is advised. Nasaldecongestants may be beneficial.Specific antiviral therapy is not routinelyrecommended. Steroids are not advised

as it may lead to bacterial super-infection. Only in cases of super-infectiondo antibiotics need to be prescribed. It isimportant that antibiotics are NOT

routinely used for prophylaxis.


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TYPHOID

Typhoid fever, also known as typhoid, is a common worldwideillness, transmitted by the ingestion of food or water contaminatedwith the feces of an infected person, which contain the bacteriumSalmonella enterica , serovar Typhi. The bacteria then perforatethrough the intestinal wall and are phagocytosed by macrophages.

The organism is a Gram-negative short bacillus that is motile dueto its peritrichous flagella. The bacterium grows best at 37 C/99 F human body temperature.

This fever received various names, such as gastric fever,abdominal typhus, infantile remittent fever, slow fever,nervous fever, pathogenic fever, etc. The name of " typhoid "

was given by Louis in 1829, as a derivative from typhus.

Cli k t dit M t t t t l


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Fifth level

SYMPTOMS


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PREVENTION

Sanitation and hygiene are the criticalmeasures that can be taken to preventtyphoid. Typhoid does not affect animals

and therefore transmission is only fromhuman to human. Typhoid can onlyspread in environments where humanfeces or urine are able to come into

contact with food or drinking water.Careful food preparation and washing ofhands are crucial to preventing typhoid.

There are two vaccines currently

recommended by the World Health


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CURE

The rediscovery of oral rehydrationtherapy in the 1960s provided a simpleway to prevent many of the deaths of

diarrheal diseases in general.Where resistance is uncommon, thetreatment of choice is a fluoroquinolonesuch as ciprofloxacin otherwise, a third-

generation cephalosporin such asceftriaxone or cefotaxime is the firstchoice. Cefixime is a suitable oral

alternative.


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Thanks.

Made By: Anmol Kachroo

monsoonal diseases movie

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