monomer env impact study

Environmental Impact Assessment for Monomer Chemical Ind. Pvt. Ltd. (Unit II) Synthetic Dye & dye Intermediate

Prepared By :

M/s. Sadekar Enviro Engineers Pvt. Ltd.

Pre Mansoon data (Feb 2011- May 2011)

Revised By

M/s Monomer Chemicals Industries Pvt. Ltd.

(Unit No - II) Plot No. K-4, Additional Ambernath MIDC,

Anandnagar, Ambernath (E), Dist. : Thane

May - 2012

Revised After 54th Meeting

Monomer Chemical Industries Pvt. Ltd. : Environmental Impact Assessment

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CONTENTS

1.THE PROJECT....................................................................................................................................................4

1.1 FACILITIES AT PROJECT SITE .................................................................................................................................4

1.2 MANUFACTURING PROCESS‐DYES.......................................................................................................................8

1.3 FAST BLUE B BASE ................................................................................................................................................8

1.4 PHTHALOGEN BLUE IBN.......................................................................................................................................8

1.5 REACTIVE DYES: ...................................................................................................................................................9

1.6 VAT DYES..............................................................................................................................................................9

2 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ........................................................................................................23

2.1 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ......................................................................................................................23

2.2 AIR ENVIRONMENT .................................................................................................................................................24

2.3 NOISE ENVIRONMENT .............................................................................................................................................24

2.4 WATER ENVIRONMENT............................................................................................................................................25

2.5 LAND ENVIRONMENT ..............................................................................................................................................25

2.6 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT......................................................................................................................................25

2.7 SOCIO‐ECONOMIC & HEATH ENVIRONMENT................................................................................................................25

3. BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS AND IDENTIFICATION OF IMPACTS.......................................................28

3.1 AIR ENVIRONMENT .................................................................................................................................................28

3.2 NOISE ENVIRONMENT .......................................................................................................................................39

3.3 WATER ENVIRONMENT............................................................................................................................................42

3.4 LAND ENVIRONNENT ...............................................................................................................................................61

3.5 ECOLOGICAL &BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT .................................................................................................................80

3.6 SOCIO‐ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT ...........................................................................................................................101

4. PREDICTION OF IMPACTS ............................................................................................................................110

4.1 AIR ENVIRONMENT........................................................................................................................................110

4.2 NOISE ENVIRONMENT ....................................................................................................................................112

4.3 WATER ENVIRONMENT ..................................................................................................................................115

4.4 LAND ENVIRONMENT .....................................................................................................................................115

4.5 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT....................................................................................................................................116

4.6 SOCIO‐ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT ...........................................................................................................................116

5.ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT........................................................................................................124

6. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN......................................................................................................127

7 RISK ASSESSMENT AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN...............................................................................151


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7.1 RISK ASSESSMENT.................................................................................................................................................151

7.2 DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN.......................................................................................................................177

8. MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET LIST ............................................................................................................187


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1.THE PROJECT

M/s. Monomer Chemical Industries Pvt. Ltd. (Unit 2), Ambernath has been proposed New Dye Intermediate Manufacturing plant. The main product of the proposed project is Synthetic Organic Dyes & Dye Intermediates. Capacity of proposed manufacturing project is 2100 MT/ Annum. The MIDC Plot No. K-4, owned by M/s. Kashya Textile Ltd. has been purchased by Monomer with ready setup inclusive of factory building, water supply, electricity supply drainage facility etc.

The capital investment of proposed project is Rs. 8.0 Crore. The project details at a glance were furnished in Table 1.1 & 1.2.

1.1 FACILITIES AT PROJECT SITE

The plant have wide facilities like gate house, Quality control lab, Dispatch center, Utility and change Room, Raw material store (chem.), Engg. Workshop, Scrap Yard Store Area, Kitchen (Canteen), Cooling tower, Boiler, Over head water storage tank, Production Building, Office, Packaging Room & Finished Products store room, Hazardous waste storage area, Effluent Treatment Plant, Waste water analysis lab. The overall plot plan is shown in Fig. 1.1 .

The details of all equipment & Area distribution are shown in Table 1.3 & Table

1.4. The industry has good employment facility. The details of employment are shown in Table 1.5 & Table 1.6.


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SITE PHOTOGRAPH OF PROPOSED PROJECT (EXISTING STUCTURE OF KASHA TEXTILE)


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SITE PHOTOGRAPH OF PROPOSED PROJECT (EXISTING STUCTURE OF KASHA TEXTILE)


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1.2 MANUFACTURING PROCESSDYES

1.3 FAST BLUE B BASE

1. Add ONA to the mixture of methanol, caustic and dichlone in 2-3 hours. Maintain the reaction mass for 6 hrs. Then add formaldehyde in 5 hrs and maintain. Filter methanol layer to obtain wet cake. Recover methanol by distillation and use for next batches

2. Add the resultant wet cake to the mixture of cold dilute sulphurinc acid and thio urea. Stir for 1 hr to complete the reaction. Isolate the product by HCL and salt. Filter isolated product to get wet cake

3. Neutralise the wet cake with soda ash. Filter and wash. Dry and blend to obtain Fast Blue B Base.

1.4 PHTHALOGEN BLUE IBN

Stage I: (A) Metal Phthalocyanines

Nitrobenzene solvent is charged in a vessel, it is dried for 2 hrs to remove traces of water. Then phtahlic anhydride is charged along with carbamide . The metal salt is then charged along with ammonium chloride and heated upto 175 degrees centigrade. After the reaction. Solvent is recovered and the crude dry material is obtained. This crude is then purified by treating with sulphuric acid 5 % at 90 o C, filtered and washed acid free, dried and pulverized and CoPC obtained is used for next stage-II

Stage II: (B) Phthalogen Blue IBN (Final Product)

The CoPC is chlorinated with Cl2 gas in presence of ODCB at room tempreture. After completion of reaction the unreacted Cl2 gas is scrubbed in scrubber by circulating alkaline water. The above reaction mass is aminated with amine in presence of methanol as solvent at room temperature. After completion of reaction, recover the solvent by simple distillation. After recovery of methanol the reaction mass is cooled to 25 degrees centigrade, filtered and centrifuged. The filter is collected in storage receiver and recycled for further batches. Solid


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product loaded to tray dryer after and pulverizing the material is sent for testing, standardization tone adjustment, dilution etc and packaging for dispatch

1.5 REACTIVE DYES:

The base of dye is formed by diazotization of amino compound with hydrochloric acid & Sodium Nitrite at 0-5 º C .Then above diazo compound is coupled with another suitable compound in solution form at neutral PII.

The base is then first condensed with cynuric Chloride and then with alkaline amine compound at neutral pH and 40 º C – 45 º C temperature. The final dye in solution formed is then clarified through filter press to remove insoluble objects if any, the clear dye liquid of neutral pH is taken for spray drying and dried at suitable temperature. The powder dye obtained is then standardized for shade, strength and tone against standard product in blender or ball mill.

The finished products is then discharged

1.6 VAT DYES

Vat dyes are having high all round fastness properties when applied to cellulose fibers. They are marked in a range of physical forms such as ultra cone, powder and micro disperse. They are supplied in water insoluble form. We have imported vat dyes crude, crude means highly concentrated. This crude dyestuff is mixed with required quantity of dispersing agent (Sodium Lignin Sulphonate- Borresperse 3 A). Together with Naphthalene sulphonate & sequesting agent for & hours to get smooth homogeneous suspense. This suspension is then sand milled using galss beads for particle size reduction.

After achieving required size the slurry is sieved & standardized using Napthalene sulphonates for necessary shade & strength.

The standardized slurry is finally spray dried & packed as finished goods.


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Detail of Proposed Solvent Recovery System :

Process Detail :

The solvents will be recover and reuse for the process. The fixed volume of Spent solvent shall be charge into the SS reactor for recovery and heated, to distil out collected in receiver. The residue left in the reactor shall be drain in open HDPE drum. The small quantity of solid waste material (Tar Type material) may be float on top surface and which will be taken out and collected in drums /containers. The washing effluent shall be drain to E.T.P. for further treatment & the solid wastes are shall be dispose through CHWTSDF.


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Schematic Enclosed:

S.S Reactor

Residue

H.D.P.E Drum

Liquid Waste ( i.e Water)

Condenser

S.S Receiver

Recovered Solvents

Spent Solvent

Solid waste

Reflux


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TABLE: 1.1 : PRODUCT MANUFACTURED IN PROPOSED PROJECT

Sr. No Name of Product Proposed Production

Capacity

1 Synthetic Organic Dyes &

Intermediates 2100 MT/Annum


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TABLE 1.2 : RAW MATERIAL USED IN PROPOSED PROJECT

SYNTHETIC ORGANIC DYES & INTERMEDIATES = 2100 MT/A

Sr. No. List Of The Raw Materials Used At

All Stages Of Manufacture

Raw Material Utilization (MT/Annum) for Full

Consumption Capacity

1 NMJ Acid 25

2 S.Tobias Acid 35

3 Caustic Soda (Flakes) 40

4 Hydrochloric Acid 90

5 Sodium Nitrite 60

6 Acetic Anhydride 25

7 Soda Ash 120

8 Salt Fine 250

9 Cynuric Chloride 30

10 Liquor Ammonia 30

11 Sulphamic Acid 1

12 Vinyl Sulphone Ester 145

13 S.P.C.P. 150

14 H. Acid 10

15 Orthanilic Acid 3

16 O. T. Liquid 1.5

17 MPDSA 6

18 DASDA 2

19 Sodium Bi Carbonate 10

20 K.Acid 10

21 MUA 5

22 Oil H.S. 2

23 BDSA 1

24 Metanilic Acid 10

25 MOP 15


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26 Octanol 4

27 Tobias Acid 20

28 5-Sulpho Anthanilic Acid 3

29 C. Acid 2

30 Hydrogen Peroxide 1

31 P.P.D. 1

32 Potassium Carbonate 1

33 Caustic Potash 1

34 Dispersing Agent 3

35 Ferros Sulphate 10

36 Lime Powder 20

37 Carbon Black 2

38 Antidust Oil 5

39 Sodium Sulphate 120

40 Sulphuric Acid 25

41 Sodium Acetate 12

42 MPDDSA 15

43 2 Ethyl Pyridone 10

44 Sulphanilic Acid 10

45 Gamma Acid 1

46 J.Acid 15

47 Resorcinaol 1

48 OAVS 2

49 Copper Sulphate 1

50 SPMP 1

51 B - Naphthol 10

52 Pig. Red Cerise 1.5


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53 Alpha Blue/Heuco Blue 3

54 Yellow 12 2

55 CPC Green 2

56 Orange G (13) 1

57 4.5 Mole 1

58 MEG - 6

59 Syntho D Foam (Defoamer) 1

60 Dynol SP 20 2

61 9.5 mole (fn 136) 3

62 DMAPA 90

63 STPP 2

64 Ortho Nitro Anisol 145

65 Formaldehyde 80

66 Dichlone 5

67 Thio Urea 5

68 Cobalt Sulphate 120

69 Phthalic Anhydride 105

70 Nitro Benzene 50

71 Methanol 90

72 ODCB 20

73 Carbamide 150

74 Styrene Acrylate 25

75 Chlorine gas 12

76 Cobalt Metal 25


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TABLE: 1.3 : LIST OF EQUIPMENT FOR PROPOSED PROJECT

SR. No. PARTICULARS Nos.

1. Glass Line Reactor - 1 1

2. Glass line Reactor - 2 (with scrubbing system)

1

3. MSLR Reactor 1

4. S.S. Reactor with distillation set up 1

5. RVD -1 with distillation setup 1

6. RVD – 2 with distillation setup 1

7. S.S. reactor with distillation Column 1

8. S.S. Reactor 1

9. PP FRP tank - 1 1

10. PP FRP tank – 2 1

11. Filter notch 1

12. Centrifuge 48 ″ S.S. 1

13. Centrifuge 48 ″ MSEP 1

14. Centrifuge 24 ″ S.S. 1

15. SFD 1

16. FBD 1

17. Blender 5 Kl 1

18. Blender 1 KL 1

19. Multimill 1


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20. Tray Dryer 1

21. Filter Press 1

22. Sand mill 1

23. Sigma mixture 1

24. Vacuum pump 1

25. Transferring pump 4

26. Filtration Pump 2

27. Boiler 1

28. Thermopack 2

29. Air Compressor 2

30. Storage Tanks

i. LDO – 10 KL 2

ii H2SO4 – 10 KL 1

iii Nitrobenzene – 5 KL 1

iv ODC B- 5 KL 1

v Formaldehyde – 5 KL 1

vi Methanol – 12 KL 1

31. D.G. Set 160 KVA 1

32. D.G. Set 15 KVA 1


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Table: 1.4 : SITE DISTRIBUTION IN AROUND 16135 SQ. MTR. AREA PLANT

SR. No. PARTICULARS AREA Mt Sq.

1. Total Area of Plot 16135.00

2. Total Built up Area 6041.00

3. Total Ground Area 5694.00

4. Total Office Area

5. Total Factory Area

5117.00

6. Green Belt 5324.00


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TABLE: 1.5 : TOTAL EMPLOYMENT IN MONOMER CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES PVT. LTD., FOR PROPOSED PLANT

Sr. No Designation No. Of Employees

1 Works Manager 1

2 Production Manager 1 3 Production Chemist 3

4 Supervisors 4 5 Plant Operators 5

6 Engineering Services & Personnel i Engineers 1

ii Supervisor 2 iii Wireman 3

iv Filter 3 7 R & D Manager 1

8 R & D chemist 2 9 QC Manager 1

10 QC Chemist + ETP Chemist 3 11 Store In charge 1

12 Administrative office 5 Total 36 Nos.


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TABLE: 1.6 : CONTRACTOR SERVICES IN MONOMER CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES PVT. LTD., FOR PROPOSED PLANT.

Sr. No. Department No. Of Person for Proposed

Plant

1. Workers 20

2. Security 6

3. Horticulture 1

4. House Keeping 2

5. Canteen 1

6. Operation & ETP 4


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FIG. NO. 1.1 : PLOT PLAN


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2 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

2.1 Environmental Impact Assessment

As per the provision of “EIA Notification No. S. O. 1533 (E)” dated 14.09.2006 amended on January 19, 2009 the proposed project of M/s. Monomer Chemical Industries Pvt. Ltd (Unit 2 ) come under Category ‘B’ of 5 (f). As per the notification the proposed developments cannot be undertaken under it is accorded environmental clearance by the authority in accordance with the procedure specified in this notification. The procedure includes environmental impact assessment (EIA) report and environmental management plan needs to be submitted. Accordingly, this EIA report has been prepared with main objective of getting environmental clearances for the Synthetic Organic Dyes & Dye Intermediates manufacturing industry. The study also projected environmental impact driven by the activity on regional environmental quality.

M/s. Monomer Chemical Industries Pvt. Ltd. (Unit 2)., Plot no. K 4, Knitwear Complex, Additional MIDC area, Anandnagar, Ambernath. Dist: Thane retained Sadekar Enviro Engineers Pvt. Ltd. Thane to conduct Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study based on one season primary environmental quality data, environmental impact statement based on the identification, prediction and evaluation of impact & environmental management plan.

• Objectives:

The objectives of EIA study are

Assessment of the present status of air, noise, water, land, biological and socio- economic components of environment including parameters of human interest in the study area of 10 km radial distance around project site.

Identification of potential impacts on various environmental components due to activities envisaged during construction and operation phases of the project development

Predication of project specific impacts on the major environment components using appropriate mathematical/simulate models


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Preparation of environment impact statement based on the identification, prediction and evaluation of impacts

Delineation of environmental management plan (EMP) outlining prevention and control strategies for minimizing adverse impacts of the project

Formulation of environmental quality monitoring program for construction and operational phases to be pursued by the project proponent.

Environmental Component Wise Activities for the Study

2.2 Air Environment

Ambient Air Quality monitoring to measure levels of PM2.5, PM 10, SO2 & NOx

Collection of surface meteorological data, viz wind speed, wind direction, relative humidity, temperature and cloud cover.

Identification and quantification of potential emission sources from industrial source.

Prediction of ground level concentration (GLCs) of air pollutants through appropriate air quality model incorporating the requirements specified in the publication of central pollution control Board Assessment of impact in Air Environment Guidelines for conducting Air quality Modeling.

Evaluation of the adequacy of proposed pollution control measures to meet air quality emission standard.

Recommendation of air pollution mitigation measures.

2.3 Noise Environment

Measurement of noise levels in residential, commercial and industrial zones in the study area

Prediction of impacts due to increase in noise levels arising out of the proposed project

Evaluation of noise pollution control measures Recommendations on noise mitigation measures.


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2.4 Water Environment

Study of ground water (dug wells / tube wells) and surface water resources with respect to their quantity & quality

Estimation of water requirement for the proposed project and its effect on water demand vis-à-vis regional water balance

Evaluation of waste water treatment plant & suggest modifications or additional recommendations, if any

Prediction of impacts on quality of receiving environmental system due to disposal of treated waste water.

2.5 Land Environment

Studies on soil characteristics in the study area Characterization of solid/hazardous wastes to be generated due to the project Delineation of environmentally compatible management options for

handling, storage and disposal of solid/hazardous wastes.

2.6 Biological Environment

Collection of information on flora and fauna in the study area and identification of endangered species.

Identification of ecologically sensitive areas such as biosphere reserves, wildlife sanctuary, national park etc. near project site.

Assessment of impact on endemic and sore/endangered plant species due to proposed project.

Design of greenbelt and identification of suitable native plant species.

2.7 Socioeconomic & Heath Environment

Collection of baseline data on the socio-economic profile of the study area. Collections of information on cultural and aesthetic attributes in the study are

including places of historical / archaeological importance. Projection of anticipated changes due to the proposed project and delineation

of measures to minimize the impacts.


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Assessment of economic benefits to community and environment arising out of the proposed project.

Due to the proposed project the employment will increase which will help to increase the standard of living of surrounding people. Socio- Economic activities such as medical camps, note book distribution to school children’s etc. shall be done on regular basis.

Prediction of impacts

Identification, quantification and evaluation of impact due to the proposed developments through standard modeling studies.

Prediction and evaluation of impacts due to increase in pollutant load on impacts on land and air quality.

Assessment of benefits of human interest due to the proposed activity.

Environmental Management Plan

Environmental Management Plan (EMP) will be drawn after identifying, predicting and evaluating the significant impacts on each component of the environment.

EMP will be delineated incorporating control technologies, safe guards etc for mitigation of adverse impacts with due consideration to their cost effectiveness

The post – project monitoring should be undertaken with recourse to continuous online environmental audit.


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3. BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS AND IDENTIFICATION OF IMPACTS

3.1 Air Environment The baseline air quality status forms the basis for the assessment of air quality impacts due to the proposed development activity. Baseline air quality status can be generated through a well designed air quality monitoring activity. Baseline status studies of air environment were carried out through reconnaissance survey followed by air quality surveillance program and micro-meteorological data collection. Micro-meteorological data is used in the interpretation of baseline status and for studying air pollution dispersion pattern and prediction of impacts.

3.1.1 Design of ambient air quality monitoring network: The following criteria were taken into account in designing the ambient air

quality-monitoring network.

Topography/terrain of the study area Populated areas within the region Prediction of max concentration & distances of their likely occurrences under

prevailing micro-meteorological conditions Representation of regional background Representation of valid cross sectional distribution in down wind direction Historical wind rose to understand the wind pattern in the area.

Reconnaissance Reconnaissance survey was undertaken within the study area to collect

information regarding topography of the study area, meteorological features of the area and other features relevant to the air environment. Reconnaissance survey enables the selection of sampling sites and design of air quality monitoring network. The criteria pollutants like PM2.5, ,PM10, SO2 and NOx were identified to assess the existing air quality in the impact zone. The study was conducted for summer season (March 2011 – May 2011).

The location of the plant is spread over on area of 16135 sq. mt., at Ambernath, Thane. The study area was 10 km radial distance from the proposed plant site. The identified impact zone is covered by wasteland, market places, and other rurally inhabited localities. Within the study area there are some other big and small industries. Perrigo API India Limited, Watson Pharma Pvt. Ltd. are the industry prevalent in the area. Seven ambient air quality- monitoring sites were selected based on the ambient air


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quality monitoring network design. The distance and bearing of these locations with respect to the plant site are given in Table 3.1.1 and indicated in Figure 3.1.1.

Methodology for Ambient Air Quality Monitoring

3.1.1.1 The ambient air quality monitoring was carried out in accordance with guidelines of Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) and National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) of CPCB dated 18th November 2009. Ambient Air Quality Monitoring (AAQM) was carried out at 7 locations in summer season considering the criticality of the region.

3.1.1.2 AAQM locations were monitored on 24 hourly average basis for two days in a week as per guidelines of CPCB and NAAQS. AAQM was carried out at 7 number of locations, as per presented in CPCB guideline to determine a finer cross-sectional distribution of air pollution in an industrial developed region.

3.1.1.3 The conventional and project specific parameters such as s particulate matter (PM2.5,

PM10), Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) and Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) are monitored. The sampling location with high volume sampler is shown in Figure 3.1.2.

3.1.1.4 The values for monitored concentrations of various pollutants at all the monitoring location were processed for different statistical parameters like arithmetic mean, standard deviation, minimum concentration, maximum concentration and percentile values. The existing baseline levels in summer season with respect to PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NOx, are expressed in terms of various statistical parameters the 98th percentile concentration have been compared with stipulated standards of CPCB as per the National Ambient Air Quality Standards.


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3.1.2 Micro-Meteorology of the Area

3.1.2.1 The study of micro-meteorological conditions of a particular region is of utmost importance to understand the variations in ambient air quality status in that region. The prevailing micrometeorology at project site plays a crucial role in transport and dispersion of air pollutants. The persistence of the predominant wind direction and wind speed at the project site will decide the direction and extent of the air pollution impact zone. The principal variables, which affect the micrometeorology, are horizontal transport and dispersion (average wind speed and directions), convective transport and vertical mixing (atmospheric stability) and also topography of the area towards local influences.

3.1.2.2 Climatological Tables of Observatories in India (1951-1980), published by the India Meteorological Department, were used to obtain historical data for the region. Ambernath is the nearest weather observatory to the project site. Temperature varied in the range of 28.89o C – 31.11o C. Annual rainfall varied in the range of 1850 – 2130 mm with normal annual rainfall of 1967 mm. The annual average of rainy days (rainfall above 282.1 mm in a day) was 46.8. The annual average wind speed was 7.2 km/h. Seasonal variation in predominant wind direction was not observed at Ambernath. Winds from the E-W were predominant in the winter and the summer season.

3.1.2.3 The months of March, April and May are considered to be representative of

summer season. Monthly mean relative humidity was in the range of 38 - 79% in the summer season. Wind predominantly blows from E-W sector in summer season. Wind speed remains in the range of 7.2 km/h for most of the days and a cloudless sky is observed for 80-85% of the duration during the summer season. The meteorological data is collected and processed to draw wind-rose as shown in Fig. 3.1.3. The daily (00-24 hrs) wind-rose in the project region shows the predominant winds during study period were from E-W sector with predominant wind 23.91%. There are no significant variations in wind speed/wind directions. However the wind speed during daytime was relatively


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higher compared to night time. The calm condition was observed for 17 % during study period.

3.1.3 Base line Air Quality Status

The concentration data were processed for different statistical parameters the base line levels of PM2.5, PM10, SO2 and NOx are presented in Tables 3.1.1 to 3.1.8.

Particulate Matter (PM2.5 Micron): The average PM2.5 concentrations at different location varied between 28 - 58 µg/m3 (Table 3.1.2). The 98th percentile value at all the locations was found to be in the range of 34.38 - 42.38 µg/m3 (Table 3.1.3). The highest PM2.5 concentration was observed at South – Haji Malang Village area. The 98th percentile value in the study area is less than the CPCB stipulated standard.

Particulate Matter (PM10 Micron): The average PM10 concentrations at different locations varied between 58 to 94 µg/m3 (Table 3.1.2). The 98th percentile value at all the locations was found to be in the range of 75.30 to 93.72 µg/m3 (Table 3.1.3). Its highest PM10 concentration was observed at South – Haji Malang Village area. The 98th percentile value in the study area is less than the CPCB stipulated standard.

Sulphur Dioxide (SO2 ): The average SO2 concentrations at different locations varied between 3.60 – 8.20 µg/m3 (Table 3.1.2). The 98th percentile value at all the locations was found to be in the range 5.90 – 8.16 µg/m3 (Table 3.1.3). The highest SO2 concentration was observed at East, Caramel Convent School area. The 98th percentile value in the study area is very much less than the CPCB stipulated standard.

Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx): The average NOx concentrations at different locations varied between 8.50 – 18.10 µg/m3 (Table 3.1.2). The 98th percentile value at all the locations was found to be in the range of 16.12 – 17.86 µg/m3 (Table 3.1.3). The highest NOx concentration was observed at East, Caramel Convent School area. The 98th percentile value in the study area is less than the CPCB stipulated standard.


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3.1.4 Stack Emissions/ Process Emissions

3.1.4.1 The stack emission sources from proposed activity can be categorized into i) boilers/heaters/furnaces and ii) diesel generators. The details such as stack height, stack top inside diameter and flue gas temperature were summerised in Table 3.1.4.

3.1.4.2 Major fuel burning emission sources include 1 stacks of DG (160 KVA), 1 stack of

Boiler & Thermopac (combined). 3.1.4.3 All the process reactors will be connected to scrubbing system. Alkali scrubber

will be provided to take care of acid fumes & other toxic gases. The caustic media will be regularly checked & maintained properly to scrub the acid mist. The scrub solution will be used in process.

3.1.4.4 Monitoring will be regularly undertaken by third party. Details of stacks are

presented in Table 3.1.4

DESIGN DETAILS OF AIR POLLUTION CONTROL SYSTEM:-

A) BOILER

Sr. No. PARAMETER CAPACITY

1 Equipment capacity 850 kg/hr

2 Fuel LDO

3 Fuel Consumption 1400 kg/day

4 Gas Quantity 800 – 1200 Nm3/hr

5 Inlet Gas Temperature 120 – 1600 C

6 Outlet Gas Temperature 80 – 900 C


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B) THERMOPACK

Sr. No. Parameter Capacity

1 Equipment capacity 2 Lac. K. Cal.

2 Fuel LDO




6 Outlet Gas Temperature 80-900 C

C) SCRUBBER (WATER & ALKALY)


1 Equipment capacity 200 M3/Min

2 Media used Alkaly & Water

3 Alkali Consumption 10 – 15 kg/day

4 Gas Quantity 200 Nm3/hr

5 Inlet Gas Temperature 50 - 550 C



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Table 3.1.1 : Details of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations

w.r.t. Monomer Chemicals Sr. No.

Sampling Location

Direction Dist. (Km)

1. Location 1 South-Haji malang Village S 3

2. Location 2 West- Near GIP Railway DAM W 3

3. Location 3 West- North- Rangoli Garden Restaurant

WN 3

4. Location 4 East , Caramel Convent School E 3

5. Location 5 Proposed Site Propose

site 0

6. Location 6 Training Institute At Jambhul gaon

EN 5

7. Location 7 Gurukul school SE 5

a.g.l : above ground level Table 3.1.2 : Ambient Air Quality Status (Summer Season)

Unit: μg/m3 , Avg.: 24 hours

PM2.5 PM10 SO2 NOx Sr. No.

Sampling Location (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3)

1 Location 1 42.38 (32-58) 81.13 (71-94) 4.88 (3.6-7) 11.65 (9.3-16.6)

2 Location 2 38.63 (30-52) 74.25 (64-88) 4.70 (3.60-7.20) 12.39 (10.10– 16.50)

3 Location 3 34.38 (28-40) 68.38 (58-78) 4.84 (3.60-7.10) 11.53 (8.50-16.20)

4 Location 4 36 (31-46) 74.50 (60-91) 5.70 (4.20-8.0) 13.21 (10.70-18.10)

5 Location 5 34.38 (29 - 42) 68.63 (63-76) 5.66 (4.10-8.20) 12.65 (10.30-18.10)

6 Location 6 40.46 (32-58) 80.36 (71-94) 4.38 (3.6-7) 11.5 (9.3-16.6)

7 Location 7 38.6 (30-52) 74.5 (64-88) 4.50 (3.60-7.20) 12.9 (10.10– 16.50)


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Table 3.1.3: AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STATUS (Summer Season) 98th Percentile Unit: μg/m3, Avg.: 24 hours

Pollutant Arithmetic Man

(µg/m3) 98th Percentile

(µg/m3)

Ambient Air Quality Standards of CPCB

(µg/m3)

PM2.5 28-58 34.38 – 42.38 60

PM10 58 – 94 75.30 – 93.72 100

SO2 3.60 -8.20 5.90 – 8.16 80

NOX 8.50 -18.10 16.12. – 17.8 80

Table 3.1.4 : Stack Details

Stack No

Stack Identification Stack

Height (m)

Stack top inside dia.

(m)

Stack gas exit

temp (OK)

Volumetric flow rate;

(m3/h) NTP

Type of Fuel

1. DG (160 KVA) (S1) 5.0 0.300 125-190 300-500 H.S.D

2. Boiler & Thermopack (Combined))

32.0 0.450 120 – 140 1100-1200 LDO

3. Scrubber 12.0 0.275 40 -45 180-250 -

Fuel: H.S.D. – High Speed Diesel, LDO - Light Diesel Oil,


36

Fig 3.1.1 Ambient Air Sampling Locations in Study Area


37

Fig 3.1.2 High Volume Sampler for Ambient Air Sampling At Study Location


38

Fig 3.1.3 Wind Roses for Summer Season

Conclusion

Proposed project will have one boiler & Thermo pack as source of air pollution emission. SO2 emission from these units will have 64 kg/day which less than 126 kg/day (Given in Consent to Establish)

The Ambient monitoring results with in 10 KM study area found well with in limit as per NAAQ standard except PM10 which is nearer to the prescribed limit, hence precaution to be taken from proposed activity to minimize the SMP emissions & continuous monitoring should be carried out as per CPCB guideline (ref Table 3.1.3). To control the SPM level green belt development also proposed around the periphery of unit.


39

Proposed project will not have PM10 emission so that base line data (PM10 75.3‐93 µg/m3 (98%) will not affect .

3.2 Noise Environment 3.1.5 Reconnaissance

The reconnaissance was conducted with a view to establish the baseline status of environment with respect to noise levels in the study area surrounding villages and other centrals of human activities. The objective of noise quality survey is to assess the impact of noise generated due to proposed development consisting of processing unit, generators, and compressors etc. on the surrounding environment. The background noise levels were estimated for identification and characterization of noise sources noise levels within the study area in the villages and at sensitive receptors were measured.

3.1.6 Background Noise Level Source Background noise levels were monitored at 7 locations in the study area. Locations for monitoring of ambient noise levels are shown in Fig. 3.2.1. Noise levels were measured using precision integrated sound level meter for movement of vehicles, loading – unloading operations, also contributed to noise levels. Background noise levels measured in number of village at differed times and locations are summarized in Table 3.2.1.

The noise levels in residential area varied from 42.8 to 54.9 dB(A) in day and 25.6 to 45.6 dB(A) in night.

The noise levels in sensitive area varied from 38.2 to 49.2 dB(A) in day and 17.1 to 39.5 dB(A) in night.

The noise levels in Commercial area/ Highway varied from 59.3 to 67.5 dB(A) in day and 41.5 to 53.9 dB(A) in night.

The noise levels near surrounding Industries of Monomer Chemical Industries Pvt. Ltd. varied from 66.7 to 78.8 dB(A) in day and 48.3 to 67.3 dB(A) in night.

Ambient Noise quality status are summarized in Table 3.2.2

3.1.7 Sources of noise Noise sources at proposed plant site mostly are other industrial activities & wind blow, vehicular movement. However the noise generated by these vehicles was found to be insignificant.


40

Table 3.2.1: Details of Ambient Noise Monitoring Stations

Sr. No. Sampling Location Noise Levels dB(A)

Day Night

1 South-Haji malang Village 48.0 45.0

2 West- Near GIP Railway DAM 47.9 35.3

3 West- North- Rangoli Garden Restaurant 44.6 36.5

4 East , Caramel Convent School 49.0 39.4

5 Proposed Site 51.0 40.20

6 Training Institute At Jambhul gaon 53.6 41.8

7 Gurukul school 50.5 40.3

Table 3.2.2 : Ambient Noise Quality Status in Summer Season Unit : μg/m3 Avg.:24 hours

Location Category

Day dB(A)

Night dB(A)

Ambient Noise Quality Standards of CPCB

Location Category (6 am to 9 pm)

(9 pm to 6 am) Day dB(A)

Night dB(A)

Residential area 42.8 – 54.9 25.6 – 45.6 55 45

Sensitive area 38.2 – 49.2 17.1 – 39.5 50 40

Commercial/Highway 59.9 – 67.5 41.5 – 53.9 65 55

Industrial area 66.7 – 78.8 48.3 – 67.3 75 70


41

FIG 3.2.1 AMBIENT NOISE SAMPLING LOCATIONS IN STUDY AREA


42

3.3 Water Environment

3.3.1 Reconnaissance 3.3.1.1 A reconnaissance was undertaken to identify sampling locations to

establish baseline status of ground water and surface water quality in the study area during March – 2011 to May 2011. The major sources of drinking water in these villages from MIDC.

3.3.1.2 Chikloli Dam & GIP Railway Dam is the major source of surface water.

3.3.2 Water Quality survey 3.3.2.1 Upstream and downstream samples were collected for sampling

.Sampling locations chosen for water quality study were shown in Figure 3.3.1 and Table 3.3.1. On site sampling collection and chemical fixation for various parameters including plankton study are done at locations only.

3.3.2.2 Water samples were analyzed for physico-chemical characteristics, nutrients, organic parameter, heavy metals, and bacteriological parameters as per standard methods (APHA 2005) Decision on the analytical data is presented in the following sections.

3.3.3 Water Quality Status

3.3.3.1 Physical Parameters The data on physical characteristics comprising pH, temperature, turbidity, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids and conductivity for surface and ground water are presented in Table 3.3.2. Surface water quality indicates that it has pH in the range of 6.8 to 7.0, turbidity 1 to 4 NTU, suspended solids 50 to 60 mg/lit, total dissolved solids in the range of 60 to 80 mg/l and conductivity in the range of 180 to 210 μS/cm. The ground water quality showing pH 6.8 to 7.2, turbidity <1 to 2.0 NTU, suspended solids <1 to 10.0 mg/l, dissolved solids was 40 to 60 mg/l and conductivity in the range of 100 to 180 μS/cm. (Table 3.3.2)


43

3.3.3.2 Inorganic Parameters Inorganic parameters of surface and ground water viz, alkalinity total hardness, calcium hardness, chloride, sulphate, sodium and potassium are given in Table 3.3.3. The surface water samples exhibited alkalinity in the range of 40 to 60 mg/l, total hardness 80 to 100 mg/l, calcium hardness 60 to 70 mg/l and the concentrations of chloride, sulphate, sodium and potassium 30 to 45 mg/l, 1.0 to 3.0 mg/l, 100 to 180 mg/l, and 40 to75 mg/l, respectively. The ground water samples exhibited alkalinity in the range of 10 to 30 mg/l, total hardness 37 to 190 mg/l, calcium hardness 10 to 60 mg/l and the concentrations of chloride, sulphate, sodium and potassium 10 to 50 mg/l, 10 to 50 mg/l, 1 to 25 mg/l, and 1 to 10 mg/l, respectively in ground water samples.

3.3.3.3 Nutrients and Organic Parameters Water sample from surface and ground water sources are analysed for nitrate

total phosphate, dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand, oil & grease. The results of these parameters for surface and ground water sources are summarized in Table 3.3.4.

Surface water concentrations of nitrate and phosphate were found in the range of 1.0 to 1.3 mg/l and 0.01 to 0.02 mg/l respectively. The dissolved oxygen and chemical oxygen demand were in the range of 3.0 to 4.0 mg/l and 10 to 20 mg/l respectively. Biochemical Oxygen Demand were found in the range of 2to 4 mg/l in all samples, oil & grease were not detected and hydrocarbon was not detectable in all samples. Concentrations of nitrate, total phosphate, dissolved oxygen, chemicals oxygen demand in the ground water samples were observed in the ranges of 0.1 to 2.0 mg/l, 0.01 to 0.02 mg/l, 3.7 to 6.1 mg/l, 5 to 25 mg/l respectively. The level of oil & grease and hydrocarbon were not detectable in all samples.

3.3.3.4 Heavy Metals The heavy metal concentration in surface water and ground water samples are given in Table 3.3.5. The surface water analysis for Heavy metal representing Cd, Cr, Pb, was found below detectable limit. Fe, As, Co, as 0.03 mg/l, 0.01 mg/l, and 0.05 mg/l, respectively and Zn and Mn were found in the range 0.04 to 0.06 mg/l, 0.03 to 0.10 mg/l respectively. In ground water sample, concentration of Mo, Pb was not detected at any location, Co and


44

Mn, found in very few locations and as a maximum concentrations of 0.08 mg/l and 0.09 mg/l respectively. (Table 3.3.5)

3.3.3.5 Bacteriological Characteristics The surface and ground water samples with reference to dug wells were

analyzed for estimating total & fecal coliform using membrane filtration technique. The bacteriological characteristics of surface as well as ground water sources are presented in Table 3.3.6.

Surface water samples showed the total coliform counts absent and fecal coliform counts were absent at upstream / downstream of Chikloli Dam. In ground water samples, the total coliform counts absent & fecal coliform were not detectable in ground water representing bacteria uncontaminated water resource.

3.3.4 Water Requirement The water requirement of Monomer Chemicals Pvt. Ltd. will be 111.00

m3/day. The water is required for process washings, boiler, cooling tower makeup, services, fire water and domestic purposes. The Water requirement will be fulfilled by MIDC.

Raw water will be received in the factory premises having a combined storage capacity of 100 CMD. At storage it is dosed with hypochlorite solution and pumped into over head tank. From over head tank water goes to plant by gravity and at outlet, again hypochlorite is dosed using auto-dosing pump. It is then processed through the sandbag filter before going to plant.

3.3.5 Wastewater Generation Sources

The major sources of wastewater generation from plant include wash water, filter press washing etc. The schematic of wastewater treatment plant is shown in Fig. 3.3.5. The wastewater generation from the plant and prediction for proposed plant is given in Table 3.3.7.

The effluent samples from unit I of M/s. Monomer Chemical Industries Pvt. Ltd. have been collected & treatability study carried out on wastewater. The results are presented in the Table 3.3.8 to 3.3.9.


45

3.3.6 Wastewater Disposal M/s. Monomer Chemical Industries Pvt. Ltd. has been granted consent to establish by MPCB. An underground pipeline of 8” diameter and 0.15 km long will be provided to discharge treated wastewater in CETP. A diffuser will be provided at the end of pipeline for proper diffusion. The pipeline can carry maximum wastewater to the tune of 90 m3/day.

Table 3.3.1: Water Quality Sampling Locations

Sr. No. Sampling Location

Surface Water – River/Dam

Chikloli Dam (upstream) (1.0 km from Monomer)

Chikloli Dam (downstream) (1.0 km from Monomer)

GIP Rail Way DAM (2.0 km from Monomer)

Ground Water

South-Haji malang Village

West- Near GIP Railway DAM

West- North- Rangoli Garden Restaurant

East , Caramel Convent School

Proposed Site

Training Institute At Jambhul gaon

Gurukul school


46

Table 3.3.2: Water Quality – Physical Parameters

Sr. No.

Sampling Location

pH Temperature

(OC)

Conductivity (μS/cm)

Total Suspended

Solids (mg/l)

Total dissolved

solids (mg/l)

Turbidity

(NTU)

Surface Water – River & Pond

1.


6.9 30 181 57 63 2.3

2.


7.0 30 195 52 65 3.2

3.


6.8 30 201 50 72 2.0

Ground Water

4. South-Haji malang Village

7.2 28 104 2.5 43 0.76

5. West- Near GIP Railway DAM

7.1 30 110 4.8 48 2.0

6.

West- North- Rangoli Garden Restaurant

7.0 28 115 1.8 33 <1

7. East , Caramel Convent School

7.1 28 130 8.3 46 <1


47

8. Proposed Site 6.9 30 126 4.1 52 <1

9.

Training Institute At Jambhul gaon

7.0 24 176 5.0 56 <1

10. Gurukul resort 7.1 32 134 4.1 47 <1

Note: - Sample collected & Analysed by Sadekar Enviro Engineers Pvt. Ltd.

Table 3.3.3: Water Quality – Inorganic Parameters

Total alkalinity

Total hardness

Ca

hardness Cl SO4 Na K Ni Sr.

No. Sampling Location

(as CaCO3) (mg/l) (mg/l)


1.

Chikloli Dam (upstream)

(1.0 km from Monomer)

42 97 70 37 1.3 33 53 ND

2

Chikloli Dam (downstream

) (1.0 km from Monomer)

60 92 65 34 1.7 46 48 ND

3

GIP Rail Way DAM

(2.0 km from Monomer)

57 81 62 45 2.6 42 73 ND

Ground Water


48

4 South-Haji

malang Village

28 75 19 18 9 4.2 0.27 ND

5 West- Near

GIP Railway DAM

13 69 40 20 32 20 4.9 ND

6

West- North- Rangoli Garden

Restaurant

25 105 58 19 14 15 2 ND

7

East , Caramel Convent School

19 88 34 21 12 19 4 ND

8 Proposed

Site 23 65 35 35 27 14 17 ND

9

Training Institute At

Jambhul gaon

16 85 38 25 29 16 5.8 ND

10 Gurukul school

17 37 34 27 35 19 6.0 ND


ND:- Not Detected


49

Detectable Limit of Lamp :‐ Ni ‐ 0.02 mg/lit.Table 3.3.4; Water Quality – Nutrient, Demand and Organic Parameters

Nitrate as N

Total Phosphate

Dissolved oxygen

Chemical oxygen demand

Biochemical oxygen demand

Oil and

Grease

Hydro-

carbons

Sr. No.

Sampling Location

(mg/l) (μg/l)


1.


1.0 0.01 4.0 12 2.4 ND ND

2.


1.3 0.02 3.0 16 3.6 ND ND

3.


1.1 0.02 3.7 11 2.8 ND ND

Ground Water

4.

South-Haji malang Village

0.3 0.01 6.1 5 1.5 ND ND

5.

West- Near GIP

Railway DAM

1.0 0.02 5.6 12 3.7 ND ND


50

6. West- North- Rangoli Garden Restaurant

0.3 0.01 4.8 20 6 ND ND


0.4 0.02 3.9 18 5.7 ND ND

8. Proposed Site

1.8 0.02 5.5 24 7.9 ND ND

9. Training Institute At Jambhul gaon

0.6 0.01 4.5 20 7.0 ND ND

10. Gurukul school

0.5 0.02 3.7 18 5.7 ND ND

Note: - Note: - Sample collected & Analysed by Sadekar Enviro Engineeers Pvt. Ltd.

ND - Not Detectable


51

Table 3.3.5: Water Quality – Heavy Metals

Cd Cr Cu Pb Fe Mn Zn As Co Mo Sr. No.

Sampling Location (mg/l)


1.


ND ND ND ND 0.02 0.1 0.06 0.01 0.05 ND

2.


ND ND ND ND 0.03 0.1 0.05 0.01 0.04 ND

3.


ND ND Traces ND 0.04 0.03 0.04 0.01 0.07 ND

Ground Water

4. South-Haji malang Village ND ND ND ND 0.02 0.03 0.07 0.01 0.07 ND

5. West- Near

GIP Railway DAM

ND ND Traces ND 1.3 0.04 0.2 0.01 0.05 ND

6.

West- North- Rangoli Garden

Restaurant

ND ND ND ND 0.06 0.02 ND 0.01 ND ND

7. East , Caramel

Convent School

ND ND ND ND 0.26 0.09 ND ND ND ND

8. Proposed Site ND ND 0.02 ND 0.31 ND 0.06 ND ND ND


52

9. Training

Institute At Jambhul gaon

ND ND Traces ND 1.3 0.04 0.2 0.01 0.05 ND

10. Gurukul school ND ND ND ND 0.06 0.02 ND 0.01 ND ND


ND - Not Detectable Detectable Limit of AAS Lamp :- Cd - 0.002, Cr - 0.1, Cu- 0.01, Pb-0.05, Fe- 0.02, Mn- 0.01, Zn-0.005, As-0.005, Co- 0.03, Mo- 0.05 (Parameters Measured in Mg/ lit.) Table 3.3.6: Water Quality – Bacteriological Parameter

Total Faecal

Coliform Sr. No. Sampling Location

CFU 100 ml


1. Chikloli Dam (upstream ) Absent ND

2. Chikloli Dam (Downstream ) Absent ND

3. GIP Rail way DAM Absent ND

Ground Water

4. South-Haji malang Village Absent ND

5. West- Near GIP Railway DAM Absent ND

6. West- North- Rangoli Garden Restaurant Absent ND

7. East , Caramel Convent School Absent ND

8. Proposed Site Absent ND

9. Training Institute At Jambhul gaon Absent ND

10. Gurukul School Absent ND


ND - Not Detectable

Table 3.3.7: Water Requirement & Waste Water Generation


53

WATER EFFLUENT

PHASE Consumption (CMD)

Losses (CMD)

Domestic (CMD)

Industrial (CMD)

Domestic 15 5 10 Nil

Industrial Process/ Washing

80 + 20 (from ETP) Nil Nil 80

Cooling 6 6 Nil Nil Gardening 10 10 Nil Nil

Total

111 21 10 80

Treated effluent discharge line

connected to CETP. Table 3.3.8: Treatability Study on Effluent by developing pilot plant (From Monomer Unit I) Parameters Raw

Effluent After Primary Treatment & Ozonation

After Secondary Treatment

After Tertiary Treatment

pH 3.2 7.0 7.0 7.0

COD 3800 1520 152 141

BOD 1100 445 47 38

TDS 2851 1140 113 106

O&G 15 6 0.6 0.5

Specific Parameters

Colour 634 380 266 186

Chlorides 1032 413 41 38

Sulphate 1540 616 62 58

TAN 134 54 5.5 5.1


54

Note:- Except pH Value & Color All parameters are measured in mg/ lits. Colour Measured At Hz.

Table 3.3.9: Quality Of effluent after Treatment

Standards

Sr. No.

Parameter

Observed values

Environment Protection

[amendments] rules 1996

CPCB standards (water consent)

1. pH 7.0 5.5-9.0 6.5-8.5

2. Oil & grease 0.5 10 < 10

3. Total Dissolved Solids 106 NS NS

4. BOD (3 days 27oC) 38 100 < 100

5. COD 141 250 < 250

All parameters except pH are expressed in mg/l


55

Fig 3.3.1 Water Quality Sampling Locations in Study Area


56


57

Fig 3.3.2 Effluent Treatment Plant

Table 3.3.10: Technical specifications

EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANT

Sr. No. Unit Dimensions Qty

Electro-mechanical/

R.C.C.

1. Oil & Grease Trap 3.5 m x 1.5 m x 1.5 m 1 No. RCC

2. Oil skimmer

Cap: 10 litr/hr 1 No. Mechanical

3. Collection cum Neutralization Tank

4.5 m x 4.5 m x 3.0 m each 2 Nos. RCC

4. Air Blower for Eq. / N. Tank

Cap. : 100 M3/hr Pressure: 0.45 kg/cm2 Motor : 5 H.P

2 Nos. Mechanical

5. Chemical Preparation System

1.3 m x 1.3 m x 1.3 m each

2 Nos. RCC

6. Agitator for chemical preparation

100 RPM. S.S. 304 shaft & M.S. mounting with FRP coating.

2 Nos. Mechanical

7.

Coarse Bubble diffuse Aeration system for collection Cum Equalization Tank

(6 + 6 nos.), HDPE & EPDM 2 Nos. Mechanical

8. Electrostatic Precipitator 2.5m3/Hr flow rate 1 System Instrument

9. Effluent Transfer Pump

M.O.C. : P.P/S.S. Cap : 5 m3/hr Motor : 2.0 H.P.

2 Nos. Mechanical

10. Primary Settling Tank with F.M.

3.25 m x 3.25 m x 3.5 m each

1 No. RCC

11. Agitator for flash mixer 100 RPM., S.S. 304 shaft & M.S. mounting with FRP coating

2 Nos. Mechanical


58


Electro-mechanical/

R.C.C.

12. Carbon Treatment Tank 3.25 m x 3.25 m x 3.0 m each

1 Nos RCC

13. Aeration System for mixing purpose

MOC : S.S. 304 Size : Ø 1½"

2 Nos Mechanical

14. Filter press Feed Pump

M.O.C.: C.I/S.S. Cap : 5 m3/hr Head : 30 mtr Motor : 5.0 H.P.

6 Nos Mechanical

15. Sludge Tank 2.0 m x 2.0 m x 1.5 m 1 No RCC

16. Filter Press (P.P Recess Type F.P.)

800 x 800 mm 2 Nos Mechanical

17. Oxidation Tank 4.5 m x 4.5 m x 2.5 m each 1 No RCC

18. Circulation Pump/Transfer pumps

Motor : 2.0 H.P Make : Kirloskar Head : 20 mtr

2 Nos Mechanical

19. Ozonator Cap.:800 gm O3 generation/hr

1 No Instrument

20. Bio- reactor 6.0 m x 12.0 m x 4.5 m 1 No. RCC

21. Clarifier Tank Ø 3.5 Mt. & ht. 2.5 mtr. 2 Nos. RCC

22. Mechanism for clarifier Tank

Ø 3.5 M. & ht. 2.5 mt., 5 RPH

1 No. Mechanical

23. Air Blower for Bio- reactor -I

Cap : 350 m3/hr Motor : 15 H.P. each

2 Nos. Mechanical

24. Fine Bubble Membrane Diffuse Aeration system for Bio- Reactors I & II

Size: Ø 67 mm & 2000 mm

80 + 40 Nos. Mechanical

25. Return Sludge Pumps Cap : 3 M3/hr. 2 Nos. Mechanical


59


Electro-mechanical/

R.C.C.

26. Polishing Tank 2.5 m x 2.5 m x 1.8 m 1 No. RCC

27. Sludge Drying Beds 3.0 m x 3.0 m x 1.0 m each

2 Nos. RCC

28. Filter feed pump Cap : 5 m3/hr. head : 30 mtr. 2 Nos. Mechanical

29. Shelter for Air Blower 10 ΄ x 8 ΄ 1 No. RCC

30. Pressure sand filter Ø 800 mm & ht. 1250 mm

1 No. Mechanical

31. Activated carbon filter Ø 800 mm & ht. 1250 mm

1 No. Mechanical

32. Interconnecting piping with in battery limit.

90mm, 63mm, 50mm OD

1 lot Piping

33. Electrical/control panel

M.S. with powder coated, compartmental ,main switch, one volt meters & ameters for each switch, Internal wiring, main switch, RYB lamps, Energy meter

1 No. Electrical

34. Misc. items

Safety railing ladders for all tanks, painting with two coats oil paint for M.S. structure & snocem painting for civil structure.

Lot Misc.


60

Figure 3.3.3 Scrubber system


61

3.4 Land Environnent

3.3.7 Reconnaissance 3.3.7.1 A reconnaissance was undertaken to identify sampling locations to

establish baseline status of soil quality in the study area. The area comes under Coastal plain. Soils are mostly brownish black soil.

3.3.7.2 The study area primarily industrial area. The water table in the delta region is maximum depth of water level being >1.5 mt below the ground level.

3.3.7.3 The region is characterized by coastal climate with moderate temperature and high relative humidity. Average annual rainfall recorded in the region is 3200 mm, which is received due to southwest monsoon during June to September. The daily average temperature is 27.6 0C. The mean speed of wind is around 8.7 Kmph at a maximum temp of 38.5 0C.

Topography and Geological Characteristics

The rock formations in the region are derived mainly from Deccan Basalt and also from granites, gneiss and laterite. The gently sloping coastal low lands are observed in patches and are covered with moderately shallow to deep soils, mostly lateritic in nature.

The chronological order of the geological formation covering the study is as follows:

Sr. No. Formation Age

1 Unconsolidated Quaternary

2 Consolidated residual literate Tertiary

3 Clasped granite & Basel crystalline

Archean

4 Basal crystalline Archean


62

3.3.8 Soil Quality Soil samples were collected from seven locations and subjected to physical, chemical and microbiological analysis standard method’s were followed for the analysis total seven soil samples were collected around the Dyes & Dyes Intermediates manufacturing industry Ambernath locations of villages are depicted in Figure 3.4.1 and summarized in Table 3.4.1.

The international pipette method (Black, 1964) was adopted for determination of particle size analysis. The textural diagram was generated using “SEE soil class 2.0 version based on United States Department of Agriculture (ASDA) classification of soils physical parameters such as bulk density parasite and water holding capacity were determined by the following KR Box method (Keen and Raczkowski, 921)

The chemical characteristics of soil were determined by preparing soil extract in distilled water in ratio 1:1 (as per Jackson procedure, 1967) Organic matter was determined in terms of organic carbon by Walkley & Black method (1972) fertility status of soil in terms of nitrogen and phosphorus was determined by extracting soil with KCL (FAO soils Bulletin, 38/2 Rome) and Olsen’s method (1954) respectively.

Heavy metals in soil were determined by extracting soil with conc. H2

SO4and conc. HNO3 followed by analysis on ICP as AAS (APHA, 1995). The results obtained from analysis are summarized below.

3.3.8.1 Physical Characteristics Air-dried and sieved samples were used for determination of physical properties soil. The particle size distribution of soils in terms of percentage of sand, silt and clay are presented in Table 3.4.2 of particle size distribution data have been used to classify soil texture through standard soil texture triangle (Figure 3.4.2).


63

The soils at individual locations are classified in different categories of soil texture, viz. sandy clay loam, slit loam, sandy loam, clayey, and sandy clay out of which sandy clay loam is predominant.

Bulk density of soil relates to the combined volumes of the solids and pore spaces soil with a high pare space with loose soiled particles will have lower bulk density than those that are pore compact and have less pare space. This is directly related to the movement of air and water through soil thus affecting the productivity. The bulk density of the soils was found in the range of 0.8 to 1.7 gm/cm3.

Soil porosity is described in terms of air filled pore spaces in indicative of storage and movement of gases for the inherent moisture and development of root systems, soil strength etc. The porosity and water holding capacity were found in the range of 43 % to 88 % and 38 % to 54 % respectively.

3.3.8.2 Chemical Characteristics The Chemical parameters selected for determining soil characteristics are: pH, electrical conductivity, soluble anions and cations, cation exchange capacity (CEC), exchangeable cations, exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), nutrients and organic content as well as heavy metals. The results obtained for these parameters are presented in Table 3.4.3 to 3.4.9.

PH is an important factor, which indicates the alkaline, acidic and neutral nature of soil. The pH of the soil in the study area was slightly alkaline in the range of 7.2 to 8.3. The soluble salts were determined from soil extract (1:1). The soluble salts were expressed in terms of electrical conductivity (EC). The EC of the soil samples were in the range of 0.1 to 0.3 ms/cm. The area receives good rainfall so physical thronged of small particles in soil due to surface run off and dissolution of minerals is moderate leading to more conductivity.

Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) and exchangeable cations were estimated from the lactates of soil with ammonium acetate and potassium chloride Exchange able sodium percent (ESP) is calculated using the relationship


64

Exchangeable sodium

ESP= x 100

Cation Exchange Capacity

Cation exchange capacity (CEC) is a consequence of positive electrical charges in clay and human particles in soil and it is balanced by adsorption of positively charged counter ions. It is this property that largely determines the storage capacity of nutrient ions in soil amongst the exchange able cations, Ca+2 and Mg+2 were found in the range of 5.5 to 34.3 meq/l of soil and 0.7 to 38.0 meq/l of soil respectively. Exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) was found to vary from 6.6 % to 45.5 % on the basis of CEC the soil status is divided with respect to its adsorptive capacity and productivity potential. In general the soil in the region has low adsorption capacity as evident from the cation exchange capacity, which was found to be in the range of 24.0 to 75.6 meq/100 gm of soil. The presences of sodium in exchangeable form may have deleterious effect on the chemical and physical properties of soil. ESP between 6.6 % and 45.5 % can be considered as satisfactory. Classification of soils with respect to cation exchange capacity and its relation with productivity and absorptive is given in Tables 3.4.5 and 3.4.6.

Organic matters in soils have great importance in relation to its texture and affect its properties like cohesion\porosity and ion exchange capacity. It also helps in determining the relation of available nutrients organic matter which was determined by oxidizing the sample with acidified potassium dichromate. The percentage of organic matter in the soils was found in the range of 0.79 % to 5.31 % (Table 3.4.7).

The status of nutrient in soils is judged on the basis of available nitrogen, phosphorus and total organic matter contents. Available phosphorous was determined spectrophotometrically where the soil was leached with sodium bicarbonate and treated with molybdenum blue for colour development. The nitrogen and phosphorous content of soil in the study area varied from 37.4 kg/ha to 72.4 kg/ha and 1.9 kg/ha to 67.9 kg/ha respectively. Soil quality standards as per national bureau of soil sciences (NBSS) for agricultural activities are shown in Table 3.4.8. Soil samples


65

were also analyzed for heavy metals using inductively coupled plasma optical Emission Spectra’s copy (ICP – OES) levels of metals (mg/100 gm). The heavy metals like Ag found as traces and was absent in most of the locations. The contents of heavy metals like Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb, Mn, Zn and Fe in the study area were 1.2 to 2.2 mg/100 gm, 5.9 mg/100 gm to 9.1 mg/100 gm, 42.2 mg/100 gm to 82.2 mg/100 gm, 8.9 mg/100 gm to 22.8 mg/100 gm, 5.0 mg/100 gm to 16.2 mg/100 gm, 0.9 mg/100 gm to 10.4 mg/100 gm, 12.2 mg/100 gm to 39.1 mg/100 gm, 11.5 mg/100 gm to 19.5 mg/100 gm and 81.1 to 95.8 mg/100 gm respectively. The fertility quality is presented in Table 3.4.7 and land use pattern and land cover is presented in Table 3.4.11 and 3.4.12.

3.3.8.3 Soil Microbiology Various ecological cycles in the Photosphere depend upon the population of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes, which are vital components of land environment. These micro-organisms help in maintaining the stability of the land environment Phizobium and Azotobactor are symbiotic and non-symbiotic nitrogen fixing microorganisms respectively, which improve soil fertility by fixation of Nitrogen Fungal. Also constitute an important part of the micro-flora of normal soil they are action in initial stages of decomposition of plant residues and actively participating in the process of soil aggregation. The microbiological status of soil in study area is present in Table 3.4.10.

3.3.8.4 Solid/Hazardous Wastes The major sources of hazardous waste generation at Monomer Ambernath are from ETP. Its treatment, mode of disposal and waste category as per Hazardous waste (Management & Handling rules) amended 2008. List of Hazardous waste is shown in Table 3.4.15.

3.3.9 3.3.9.1 ETP Sludge

The chemical ETP sludge will be generated from effluent treatment plant provided in the plant boundary of Monomer Chemicals Industries Pvt. Ltd. The permissible quantity as per consent to establish of ETP sludge generation is 500 kg/M. The sludge is pumped


66

to filter press. The dewatered sludge store in separate demarketed area.

This dried sludge shall be sent to a CHWTSDF. The characteristics of ETP sludge, TCLP and heavy metals concentration is presented in Tables 3.4.13 - 3.4.15.

3.3.9.2 Waste/Spent Oil The major sources of waste oil are mechanical equipments and scrapped oil from different departments. The permissible quantity of Wase/Used Oil generation is 100 liters/A.

Table 3.4.1: Sampling Locations: Soil Quality

Sr. No. Sampling Location





5. Proposed Site


7. Gurukul school


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Table 3.4.2: Physical Characteristics of Soil in the Study Area

Particle size (%)

Sr. No.

Sampling Location Coarse sand (%)

Fine sand (%)

Silt (%)

Clay (%)

Textural class

Bulk Density gm/cm3

Water holding capacity

(%)

Porosity

(%)

1. South-Haji malang Village 15 43 5 23

Sandy Clay Loam

1.3 50.00 72


7.9 6.0 6 21 Slit loam 0.80 54.00 80


7 53 5 15 Sandy Loam

1.6 41.00 63


4 41 4 18 Sandy Loam

1.5 38.00 43

5. Proposed Site

21 46 8 23 Sandy Clay Loam

1.62 42.00 54


7.5 6.1 6 21 Slit loam 0.87 50.00 88

7. Gurukul School 7 56 5 15 Sandy Loam

1.3 47.00 65


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Table 3.4.3: Chemical Characteristics of Soil Saturation Extract in the Study Area

Sampling Location pH EC Ca++ Mg++ Na+ K+ Sr. No.

mS/cm meq/l

1. South-Haji malang Village 7.8 0.17 5.7 0.7 5.0 0.8

2. West- Near GIP Railway DAM 7.9 0.30 6.1 1.4 4.1 0.4


7.2 0.15 5.5 1.1 3.1 0.7

4. East , Caramel Convent School 7.3 0.21 4.9 0.9 2.8 0.8

5. Proposed Site 7.7 0.10 6.3 1.1 5.6 1.2


7.3 0.2 5.7 1.3 4.9 0.9

7. Gurukul school 7.2 0.15 5.5 1.1 3.1 0.7

Table 3.4.4: Cation Exchange Capacity of Soil in the Study Area

Ca2+ Mg2+ Na+ K+ CEC ESP Sr. No. Sampling

Location (meq/100 gm) (%)

1. South-Haji malang Village 5.3 0.5 3.4 2.4 35.0 9.6

2. West- Near GIP Railway DAM 5.9 0.8 3.1 2.8 24.0 10.5


5.7 0.2 3.2 2.5 47.9 6.9

4. East , Caramel Convent School 5.2 0.5 3.3 2.3 30.2 5.3

5. Proposed Site 6.1 0.6 3.1 2.6 25.7 15.5


5.7 0.2 3.2 2.5 47.9 6.9

7. Gurukul school 5.2 0.5 3.3 2.3 30.2 5.3


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Table 3.4.5: Relationship of CEC with Productivity

CEC Range (meq/100g) Productivity Location Sr. Nos. Very low < 10 Very low -

Low 10 – 20 Low Moderate 21 – 50 Moderate 1,2,3,5,6

High > 50 High 4,7

Table 3.4.6: Relationship of CEC with Absorptivity

CEC Range Absorptivity Location Sr. Nos. Very low <10 Very low - Low 10 – 20 Low - Moderate 21 – 30 Moderate 2,10 High >30 High 1,3,4,5,6,7,8

Table 3.4.7: Nutrient and Organic Contents in Soil in the Study Area

N P2O5 K2Sr. No.

Sampling Location Organic matter Kg/ha

1. South-Haji malang Village 1.03 68.2 45.5 97.4 2. West- Near GIP Railway DAM 0.79 72.5 18.6 251.3. West- North- Rangoli Garden 5.8 38.4 11.5 101.4. East , Caramel Convent School 1.5 62.0 20.1 96.3 5. Proposed Site 3.2 46.3 67.7 266.6. Training Institute At Jambhul 2.4 37.6 23.0 88.9 7. Gurukul school 1.9 67.8 34.6 75.7

Level in poor soil <0.5 <280 <23 <133

Level in medium soil 0.5-0.75 280-560 23-57 133-337 Level in fertile soil >0.75 >560.0 >57.0 >337.0


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Table 3.4.8

Standard Soil Classification

(National Bureau of Soil Sciences, India)

Sr.No. Soil Test Classification

< 4.5 extremely acidic

4.51- 5.00 very strongly acidic

5.51-6.0 moderately acidic

6.01-6.50 slightly acidic

6.51-7.30 Neutral

7.31-7.80 Slightly alkaline

7.81-8.51 moderately alkaline

8.51-9.0 strongly alkaline

1 pH

> 9.01 Very strongly alkaline

upto 1.00 Average

1.01-2.00 harmful to germination

2.01-3.00 harmful to crops 2

Salinity Electrical

Conductivity (mmhos/cm)

(1 mmhos/cm-640ppm) (Sensitive to salts)

upto 0.2 very less

0.21-0.4 less

0.41-0.5 medium

0.51 - 0.8 on an average sufficient

3 Organic Carbon (%)

0.81-1.00 sufficient


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Sr.No. Soil Test Classification

> 1.0 more than sufficient

upto 50 very less

51-100 less

101-150 good

151-300 better

4 Nitrogen (Kg/ha)

> 300 sufficient

upto 15 very less

16-30 less

31-50 medium

51-65 on an average sufficient

66-80 sufficient

5 Phosphorus (Kg/ha)

> 80 more than sufficient

0-120 very less

121-180 less

241-300 average

301-360 better

6 Potassium (Kg/ha)

> 360 more than sufficient


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Table 3.4.9: Heavy Metals Contents in Soil

Cd Cr Co Cu Ni Pb Mn Zn Ag Fe Sr. No.

Sampling Location (mg/100 g)

1. South-Haji malang Village 2.0 5.2 71.5 13.6 9.8 9.2 22.3 11.3 Traces 92.0

2. West- Near GIP Railway DAM 1.8 5.0 65.8 10.3 13.0 9.6 25.1 13.2 Traces 89.3


2.0 7.5 42.0 13.5 12.7 3.0 12.4 16.1 ND 95.2

4. East , Caramel Convent School 1.9 6.1 53.0 12.8 10.2 7.9 13.1 12.0 ND 75.0

5. Proposed Site 2.3 8.2 73.4 12.5 5.6 2.3 20.3 19.2 Traces 90.2

6. Training Institute At Jambhul gaon 1.9 5.4 68 10.6 13.0 9.6 25.7 13.0 Traces 89.3

7. Gurukul school 2.0 7.3 46.0 13.5 12.7 3.0 12.9 16.7 ND 95.6

ND:- Not Detected Detection Limit of lamp :- Ag- 0.01 mg/l


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Table 3.4.10: Microbiological Characteristics of Soil

TVC Fungi Actinomycet Rhizobiu AzotobactSr. No.

Sampling Location CFU/gm of soil


12x106 18x103 12x103 16x103 9x103


13x106 12x103 20x103 7x103 9x103


9x106 13x103 13x103 9x103 4x103


10x106 8x103 9x103 11x103 5x103

5. Proposed Site 8x106 10x103 8x103 7x103 7x103


9x106 13x103 13x103 9x103 4x103

7. Gurukul school 10x106 8x103 9x103 11x103 5x103

TVC – Total Viable Count

CFU – Colony Forming Unit


74

Table 3.4.11: Landuse/Landcover Classification System

Sr. No. Level – I Level II

1.1 Built-up land

1.2 Road 1. Built-up Land

1.3 Railway

2.1 Crop land 2. Agricultural Land

2.2 Fallow (Residual)

3.1 Evergreen/Semi-evergreen forest

3.2 Deciduous forest

3.3 Degraded/Scrub land

3.4 Forest blank

3.5 Forest plantation

3.6 Mangrove

3. Forest

3.7 Cropland in forest

4.1 Salt affected land

4.2 Waterlogged land

4.3 Marshy/Swampy land

4.4 Gullied/Ravinous land

4.5 Land with or without scrub

4.6 Sandy area (coastal and desertic)

4. Wasteland

4.7 Barren rocky/Stony waste/sheet rock area


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Sr. No. Level – I Level II

5.1 River/Stream

5.2 Lake/Reservoir 5. Water bodies

5.3 Tank/Canal

6.1 Grassland/Grazing land

6.2 Shifting cultivation 6. Others

6.3 Snow cover/Glacial area

Table 3.4.12: Landuse and Land Cover in Study Area

Sr. No Landuse/ landcover Classes Area in Sq. km

1. Urban Zone U1 21.51

2. Urban Zone U2 0.03

3. Industrial Zone 6.89

4. Forest Zone 2.83

5. Green Zone 5.55

6. Water Body 0.97

TOTAL 34.14


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Table 3.4.13: Characteristics of ETP Sludge (Analysis report of Unit I ETP Sludge)

Sr.No. Parameters Chemical Sludge

1. PH 9.0

2. Calorific Value 1236 cal/gm

3. LOD 105oC 8.64%

4. LOI 550 oC 30.58%


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Table 3.4.14 : Heavy Metals Concentration in ETP Sludge

Unit: mg/kg

Sr. No.

Sample Details

Hg Zn Cd As Ni Pb Cu Cr

1. ETP

Chemical Sludge

Traces 35 8.00 Traces Traces 5.0 7.0 4.00

Limits 50 20000 50 50 5000 5000 5000 5000

(Refer Report for Unit 1 of ETP sludge analyzed by MWML)

Sr.No Cat.

No. Name of waste Qty. T/A Mode of Disposal as

given in Authorization

1 34.3 ETP Sludge 500 kg/M Send to CHWTSDF

2 26.1 Process Sludge 60 Kg/ M Send to CHWTSDF

3 5.1 Waste/Spent Oil 100 liters/A Send to CPCB authorized recycler


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Fig 3.4.1 Soil Sampling Locations in Study Area


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1) First Dominance – Sandy Clay Loam 2) Second Dominance – Sandy Loam 3) Third Dominance – Sandy Clay

Fig. 3.4.2 : Soil Textural Diagram


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3.5 Ecological &Biological Environment

Description of ecological environment accompanied with possible important delineation is essential to impact assessment process. Biological environment has been defined as all plants & animals in a given place and time and a description of them. Also it is defined as a “Science that concerns itself with the interrelationships of living organisms, plants and animals and their environment” However only description of plants and animals is not just sufficient for the EIA, but it is important to know how these components will be affected aversively or positively due to the proposed activities. The study area includes the core region of proposed regional sites for treatment, processing and scientific landfill for MSW and the adjoining area of 10 km radius from the periphery of each site. The sampling locations were selected after the reconnaissance of the whole study area which includes seven sampling points for the terrestrial vegetation. According to the Biomass studies (CEE 1997) the sites having most diversified flora have been identified for quadrant studies and assessment of quality.

3.5.1 Reconnaissance The reconnaissance revealed that the land around project site is covered with number of chemical, textiles, bulk drugs Industries. The location of plot is in notified industrial area. All necessary infrastructures is provided by MIDC, Govt. of Maharashtra.

3.5.2 Terrestrial Biology The terrestrial flora and fauna are assessed through following parameters:

3.5.2.1 Flora Methodology

Biologists and plant ecologists use a number of methods to study vegetation communities. Most sampling methods are quantitative, which involves collecting data on numbers of individuals, plant sizes and the amount of space occupied by target plants. Qualitative methods are also occasionally used to quickly define a plant community simply by observation.


81

The most common quantitative sampling methods are the quadrate method. The quardrant method allows the user to define a fixed area, called a plot, within which plant character can be measured. Usually, a rectangular or square quadrant frame is used to define the sampling area, although a quadrat can also be an identified are within a site. Although, the exact experimental design will determine where and how many samples are taken, the procedure always involves measuring plant character of only those plants inside the quadrat. Quadrates sampling usually attempts to define plant community characteristics for an area much larger than the actual area to be studied. Quadrat site will be representing the entire habitat and that eliminate the human factor.

After reconnaissance site visit, during which quantitative characters were noted, detailed studies were carried out with the help of quadrants in representative stretches of vegetation as given in Fig 3.5.3. Three sampling sites were selected for terrestrial vegetation given in Table 3.5.1. The vegetation was studied by using standard phyto-sociological methods devised by J. Braun Blanquet and modified by different workers from time to time.

The method of study falls under three heads: i. General description of plant community (Species listing) ii. Frequency, density and abundance study by quadrat method

Quadrat : Overall 10 quadrates were plotted in the whole study are for terrestrial vegetation. Structure of a piece of vegetation is determined using quadrat method which is polled randomly at the selected sites in the places of dense places with different species. Quadrat was a square area 10 x 10 meters laid down randomly in the area of study.

Frequency, abundance and density assessment provide multiple levels of

useful information. Frequency indicate the number of sampling units in which a given species occurs and thus expresses the numerical strength of a species in the community. Dominance is the relative prevalence of individuals of a species that results from their numbers and massiveness. The concept of importance


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Value Index (IVI) has been developed to express the dominance and ecological success of any species. The index was calculated by summing the three relative values viz; relative frequency, relative density and relative dominance as per the methods of curtis 19590 and Phillips 19590. The higher value of IVI indicates that all the available resources are being utilized by that species and left over are being trapped by another species as the competitors and associate. The high IVI of a species indicated its dominance and ecological success, in the form of its better regeneration and greater ecological amplitude.

Following formula were used to calculated quantitative characters :

Frequency = Number of quadrat in which the species occur X 100 Total number of quadrats studied Abundance = Total No. of individual Occurrence of quadrats Density = Total No. of individual Total No. of quadrats studied

Frequency of species x 100 Relative Frequency = Sum of frequency values of all species Relative Density = No. of individuals of a species x 100 Total No. of individuals of all species Relative Dominance = Basal area of species x 100

Total basal area of all species Importance Value Index (IVI) = Relative Frequency + Relative Density +

Relative Dominance The main objective of ecological survey is to collect the baseline terrestrial biodiversity

status regarding flora and fauna in the Project Influence Area, (10Km surrounding the project

site).


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The terrestrial eco-system of the study area is dominated by forest on hills, foothills. The details

of assessment techniques used are discussed below

Fig 3.5.1 Biological Sampling Locations in Study Area


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Macrophyte

Historically, Butcher et al. (1924) were the first persons who recognized the importance of

biological analysis in overall assessment of aquatic environment. Detailed biological knowledge

also helps in the development of lake management policies. The faunal diversity of Indian sub-

continent is very rich, consisting of about 7% of the world fauna and thus is recognized as one

of the hot spot of bio-diversity (Jairajpuri, 1991). To protect and conserve this rich bio-diversity

it is necessary to enlist the bio-diversity of various habitats. Present study is an attempt to

document the macrophyte of the said study area so as to know the present ecological status.

During the study, a total of 129 species were recorded in the Entire study area. These belong to

83 genera and 51 families.

Table 1. List of the plant species found in the Entire study area

Sr No

Botanical Name Habit Family Local Names

1 Abelmoschus manihot H Malvaceae Ran Bhindi 2 Abrus precatorius S Fabaceae Gunja 3 Abutilon indicum S Malvaceae Country Mallow 4 Acacia auriculiformis T Mimosaceae Australian wattle 5 Acacia catechu T Mimosaceae Khair 6 Acacia nilotica T Mimosaceae Babool 7 Acanthus ilicifolius S Acanthaceae Sea Holly 8 Acmella paniculata H Asteraceae Panicled spot 9 Adansonia digitata T Malvaceae Gorakh limli 10 Adhatoda vasica S Acanthaceae Adulsa 11 Aegle marmelos T Rutaceae Golden Apple, Bel 12 Ageratum houstonianum H Compositae Mexican Floss flower 13 Albizia lebbek T Fabaceae Siris 14 Alstonia scholaris T Apocynaceae Saitan 15 Amaranthus spinosus H Amaranthaceae Prickly Amaranth 16 Annona reticulata T Annonaceae Ramphal 17 Annona squamosa T Annonaceae Sitaphal 18 Areca catechu T Arecaceae Supari 19 Argemone mexicana S Papaveraceae Mexican Poppy 20 Artocarpus altilis T Moraceae Bread Fruit 21 Artocarpus heterophyllus T Moraceae Jack fruit 22 Azadirachta indica T Meliaceae Nim 23 Azanza lampas S Malvaceae Common Mallow 24 Bacopa monnieri H Scrophularaiceae Brahmi 25 Barrintonia acutangula T Leythidaceae Datriphal


85

26 Bauhinia purpurea T Fabaceae Camel Hoof 27 Bauhinia racemosa T Fabaceae Apta 28 Boerhavia diffusa H Nyctaginaceae Common Hogweed 29 Bombax ceiba T Bombaceae Silk Cotton Tree 30 Borassus flabelifer T Arecaceae Tad 31 Bougainvillea spectabilis C Nyctaginaceae Bogainvel 32 Butea monosperma T Fabaceae Phalas, Butea Gum Tree 33 Calotropis gigantea S Asclepiadaceae Ruhi 34 Calycopteris floribunda C Combretaceae Paper Flower climber 35 Canna sp. S Cannaceae Canna 36 Capparis decidua S Capparaceae Bare Caper 37 Carica papaya T Caricaceae Papaya 38 Carissa carandas S Apocynaceae Karaunda 39 Caryota urens T Arecaceae Fishtail Palm 40 Cassia fistula T Fabaceae Golden shower 41 Casuarina equisetifolia T Casuarinaceae Cassowary Tree 42 Celosia argentea H Amaranthaceae Silver spiked cockscomb

Table 1. (Cont.) List of the plant species found in the Entire study area

Sr No


2 Chromolaena odorata H Compositae Common Floss Flower 3 Cleom viscosa H Cleomaceae Yellow spider flower 4 Clerodendrum inerme S Verbenaceae Indian privet 5 Clerodendrum thomsoniae C Verbenaceae Bleeding Heart Vine 6 Cocos nucifera P Arecaceae Coconut 7 Colocasia esculenta H Araceae Taro, Arvi 8 Cottonia penduncularis H Orchidaceae Bee Orchid 9 Crotalaria filipes H Fabaceae Creeping Hemp 10 Cuscuta epithymum C Convolvulaceae Sana 11 Cynodon dactylon H Poaceae Haryali 12 Cyperus alternifolius H Cyperaceae Umbrella Palm 13 Cyperus eragrostis H Cyperaceae Umbrella Sedge 14 Datura metel S Solanaceae Thorn Apple, Dhatura 15 Datura stramonium H Solanaceae Jimson Weed, Dhatura 16 Delonix regia T Fabaceae Gulmohar 17 Dendrocalamus gigantenus H Poaceae Male bamboo 18 Eclipta prostrata H Asteraceae False Daisy 19 Erythrina variegata T Fabaceae Indian Coral Tree,

Pangara 20 Eucalyptus globulus T Myrtaceae Nilgiri 21 Euphorbia antiquorum T Euphorbiaceae Tridhara 22 Euphorbia heterophylla H Euphorbiaceae Lesser Green Poinsettia 23 Euphorbia hirta H Euphorbiaceae Dudhi


86

24 Ficus bengalensis T Moraceae Vad 25 Ficus elastica T Moraceae Rubber Tree 26 Ficus hispida T Moraceae Katgularia 27 Ficus recemosa T Moraceae Clustered Fig 28 Ficus religiosa T Moraceae Pimple 29 Ficus glomerata T Moraceae Kappa 30 Gardenia resinifera T Rubiaceae Dikamali 31 Gliricidia gummifera S Rubiaceae Cambi Gum Tree 32 Haplanthodes verticillatus H Acanthaceae Spiny bottle Brush 33 Helicteres isora T Sterculiaceae Punj 34 Hibiscus hirtus S Malvaceae Lesser White Mallow 35 Hibiscus rosa-sinnesis S Malvaceae China Rose 36 Holarrhena pubesens T Apocynaceae Kuda 37 Ipomea carnea S Convolvulaceae Besharam 38 Ipomea hederiflia C Convolvulaceae Red Star Glory 39 Ipomea obscura C Convolvulaceae Lessar Glory 40 Ipomea pes-caprae C Convolvulaceae Goat’s Foot Glory 41 Ixora coccinea S Rubiaceae Jungle Flame, Rukmini 42 Jasminum malabaricum S Oleaceae Ban Mogra 43 Jasminum sambac S Oleaceae Mogra


Sr No


1 Lagerstoemia speciosa T Lythraceae Jarul 2 Lantana camara H Verbenaceae Common Lantana 3 Lawsonie inermis S Lythraceae Henna 4 Lea macrophylla S Leaceae Hathikana 5 Leucaena leucocephala T Fabaceae Subabul 6 Madhuca indica T Sapotaceae Indian Butter Tree 7 Mangifera indica T Arecaceae Mango 8 Manilkara zapota T Sapotaceae Chikoo 9 Melia azadarach T Meliacea Bead Tree 10 Michelia champaca T Magnoliaceae Son-Champa 11 Mimosa pudica H Mimosaceae Touch-me-not 12 Morinda pubescens T Rubiaceae Indian Mulberry 13 Moringa oleifera T Moringaceae Drumstick 14 Mucuna pruiens C Fabaceae Common cowitch 15 Musa paradisiaca H Musaceae Banana 16 Neolamarckia cadamba T Rubiaceae Kadamba 17 Nerium oleander T Apocynaceae Kaner, Oleander 18 Ocimum basilicum H Lamiaceae Ram Tulsi 19 Ocimum tenuiflorum H Lamiaceae Holly Basil 20 Oxalis corniculata H Bignoniaceae Tayitu


87

21 Peltophorum pterocarpum T Fabaceae Peltophorum, Copper-Pod

22 Phoenix sylvestris P Arecaceae Khajur, Wild Date Palm 23 Phyllanthus acidus T Phyllanthaceae Star Gooseberry 24 Piper nigrum C Piperaceae Black Pepper 25 Plumbago zeylanica T Plumbaginaceae Chitrak 26 Plumeria alba T Apocynaceae Lal Champa 27 Polyalthia longifolia T Annonaceae Ashoka 28 Pongamia pinnata T Fabaceae Karanj 29 Portulaca oleracea H Portulacaceae Khursa 30 Psidium guajava T Myrtaceae Peru 31 Putranjiva roxburghi T Euphorbiaceae Putranjiva 32 Ricinus communis T Euphorbiaceae Castor 33 Roystonea regia T Arecaceae Bottle Palm 34 Samanea saman T Fabaceae Rain Tree 35 Scoparia dulcis H Scrophulariaceae Sweet Broom 36 Senna alata S Caesalpiniaceae Candle Cassia 37 Sida acuta S Malvaceae Common Sida 38 Spathodea campanulata T Bignoniaceae African Tulip 39 Sterculia urens T Sterculiaceae Ghost Tree 40 Syzygium cumini T Myrtaceae Jamun 41 Tamarindus indica T Fabaceae Tamarind, Ambli 42 Terminalia catapa T Combretaceae Deshi Badam


Sr No


1 Tectona grandis T Verbenaceae Teak, Sagwan 2 Terminalia arjuna T Combretaceae Arjun 3 Thespesia populnea T Malvaceae Portia 4 Thevetia peruviana T Apocynaceae Pila Kaner 5 Tridax procumbens H Copositae Coat Buttons 6 Typha angustata H Typhaceae Long-bracted Cattail 7 Urena lobata S Malvaceae Common Purple Mallow 8 Vitex negundo S Verbenaceae Nirgundi 9 Xanthium strumarium H Asteraceae Chota Dhatura 10 Ziziphus mauritiana T Rhamnaceae Ber


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Habitats No. of Species

Herb 31

Shrub 26

Tree 72

Total 129

Table 2. List of the plant species observed within E1

Sr No


1 Acacia auriculiformis T Mimosaceae Australian wattle 2 Acacia nilotica T Mimosaceae Babool 3 Adansonia digitata T Malvaceae Gorakh limli 4 Adhatoda vasica S Acanthaceae Adulsa 5 Albizia lebbek T Fabaceae Siris 6 Alstonia scholaris T Apocynaceae Saitan 7 Amaranthus spinosus H Amaranthaceae Prickly Amaranth 8 Argemone mexicana S Papaveraceae Mexican Poppy 9 Artocarpus altilis T Moraceae Bread Fruit 10 Artocarpus heterophyllus T Moraceae Jack fruit 11 Azadirachta indica T Meliaceae Nim 12 Bauhinia racemosa T Fabaceae Apta 13 Boerhavia diffusa H Nyctaginaceae Common Hogweed 14 Bombax ceiba T Bombaceae Silk Cotton Tree 15 Bougainvillea spectabilis C Nyctaginaceae Bogainvel 16 Butea monosperma T Fabaceae Phalas, Butea Gum Tree 17 Calotropis gigantea S Asclepiadaceae Ruhi 18 Canna sp. S Cannaceae Canna 19 Capparis decidua S Capparaceae Bare Caper 20 Carissa carandas S Apocynaceae Karaunda 21 Caryota urens T Arecaceae Fishtail Palm 22 Cassia fistula T Fabaceae Golden shower 23 Casuarina equisetifolia T Casuarinaceae Cassowary Tree 24 Datura stramonium H Solanaceae Jimson Weed, Dhatura 25 Delonix regia T Fabaceae Gulmohar 26 Eucalyptus globulus T Myrtaceae Nilgiri 27 Ficus bengalensis T Moraceae Vad 28 Ficus elastica T Moraceae Rubber Tree 29 Lagerstoemia speciosa T Lythraceae Jarul 30 Lantana camara H Verbenaceae Common Lantana


89

31 Putranjiva roxburghi T Euphorbiaceae Putranjiva 32 Ricinus communis T Euphorbiaceae Castor 33 Hibiscus rosa-sinnesis S Malvaceae China Rose 34 Ipomea carnea S Convolvulaceae Besharam 35 Ipomea pes-caprae C Convolvulaceae Goat’s Foot Glory 36 Ixora coccinea S Rubiaceae Jungle Flame, Rukmini 37 Lantana camara H Verbenaceae Common Lantana 38 Mimosa pudica H Mimosaceae Touch-me-not 39 Morinda pubescens T Rubiaceae Indian Mulberry 40 Moringa oleifera T Moringaceae Drumstick 41 Putranjiva roxburghi T Euphorbiaceae Putranjiva 42 Ricinus communis T Euphorbiaceae Castor 43 Sida acuta S Malvaceae Common Sida 44 Tamarindus indica T Fabaceae Tamarind, Ambli 45 Terminalia catapa T Combretaceae Deshi Badam 46 Vitex negundo S Verbenaceae Nirgundi


Sr No


1 Acacia auriculiformis T Mimosaceae Australian wattle 2 Acacia nilotica T Mimosaceae Babool 3 Adansonia digitata T Malvaceae Gorakh limli 4 Adhatoda vasica S Acanthaceae Adulsa 5 Albizia lebbek T Fabaceae Siris 6 Alstonia scholaris T Apocynaceae Saitan 7 Amaranthus spinosus H Amaranthaceae Prickly Amaranth 8 Argemone mexicana S Papaveraceae Mexican Poppy 9 Artocarpus altilis T Moraceae Bread Fruit 10 Artocarpus heterophyllus T Moraceae Jack fruit 11 Azadirachta indica T Meliaceae Nim 12 Bauhinia racemosa T Fabaceae Apta 13 Boerhavia diffusa H Nyctaginaceae Common Hogweed 14 Bombax ceiba T Bombaceae Silk Cotton Tree 15 Bougainvillea spectabilis C Nyctaginaceae Bogainvel 16 Butea monosperma T Fabaceae Phalas, Butea Gum Tree 17 Calotropis gigantea S Asclepiadaceae Ruhi 18 Canna sp. S Cannaceae Canna 19 Capparis decidua S Capparaceae Bare Caper 20 Carissa carandas S Apocynaceae Karaunda 21 Caryota urens T Arecaceae Fishtail Palm 22 Cassia fistula T Fabaceae Golden shower 23 Casuarina equisetifolia T Casuarinaceae Cassowary Tree 24 Lagerstoemia speciosa


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25 Lantana camara H Verbenaceae Common Lantana 26 Lawsonie inermis S Lythraceae Henna 27 Lea macrophylla S Leaceae Hathikana 28 Leucaena leucocephala T Fabaceae Subabul 29 Madhuca indica T Sapotaceae Indian Butter Tree 30 Mangifera indica T Arecaceae Mango 31 Manilkara zapota T Sapotaceae Chikoo 32 Melia azadarach T Meliacea Bead Tree 33 Michelia champaca T Magnoliaceae Son-Champa 34 Mimosa pudica H Mimosaceae Touch-me-not 35 Morinda pubescens T Rubiaceae Indian Mulberry 36 Moringa oleifera T Moringaceae Drumstick 37 Mucuna pruiens C Fabaceae Common cowitch 38 Neolamarckia cadamba T Rubiaceae Kadamba 39 Nerium oleander T Apocynaceae Kaner, Oleander 40 Ocimum basilicum H Lamiaceae Ram Tulsi 41 Ocimum tenuiflorum H Lamiaceae Holly Basil 42 Oxalis corniculata H Bignoniaceae Tayitu 43 Phoenix sylvestris P Arecaceae Khajur, Wild Date Palm 44 Piper nigrum C Piperaceae Black Pepper 45 Plumbago zeylanica T Plumbaginaceae Chitrak 46 Plumeria alba T Apocynaceae Lal Champa 47 Polyalthia longifolia T Annonaceae Ashoka 48 Pongamia pinnata T Fabaceae Karanj 49 Psidium guajava T Myrtaceae Peru 50 Putranjiva roxburghi T Euphorbiaceae Putranjiva 51 Ricinus communis T Euphorbiaceae Castor 52 Samanea saman T Fabaceae Rain Tree 53 Terminalia catapa T Combretaceae Deshi Badam 54 Ricinus communis T Euphorbiaceae Castor 55 Roystonea regia T Arecaceae Bottle Palm 56 Samanea saman T Fabaceae Rain Tree 57 Sterculia urens T Sterculiaceae Ghost Tree 58 Syzygium cumini T Myrtaceae Jamun 59 Terminalia catapa T Combretaceae Deshi Badam 60 Tectona grandis T Verbenaceae Teak, Sagwan 61 Typha angustata H Typhaceae Long-bracted Cattail 62 Urena lobata S Malvaceae Common Purple Mallow 63 Vitex negundo S Verbenaceae Nirgundi


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Sr No


1 Acacia auriculiformis T Mimosaceae Australian wattle 2 Acacia nilotica T Mimosaceae Babool 3 Adansonia digitata T Malvaceae Gorakh limli 4 Adhatoda vasica S Acanthaceae Adulsa 5 Albizia lebbek T Fabaceae Siris 6 Alstonia scholaris T Apocynaceae Saitan 7 Amaranthus spinosus H Amaranthaceae Prickly Amaranth 8 Argemone mexicana S Papaveraceae Mexican Poppy 9 Artocarpus altilis T Moraceae Bread Fruit 10 Artocarpus heterophyllus T Moraceae Jack fruit 11 Azadirachta indica T Meliaceae Nim 12 Bauhinia racemosa T Fabaceae Apta 13 Boerhavia diffusa H Nyctaginaceae Common Hogweed 14 Bombax ceiba T Bombaceae Silk Cotton Tree 15 Bougainvillea spectabilis C Nyctaginaceae Bogainvel 16 Butea monosperma T Fabaceae Phalas, Butea Gum Tree 17 Calotropis gigantea S Asclepiadaceae Ruhi 18 Canna sp. S Cannaceae Canna 19 Capparis decidua S Capparaceae Bare Caper 20 Carissa carandas S Apocynaceae Karaunda 21 Caryota urens T Arecaceae Fishtail Palm 22 Cassia fistula T Fabaceae Golden shower 23 Casuarina equisetifolia T Casuarinaceae Cassowary Tree 24 Delonix regia T Fabaceae Gulmohar 25 Dendrocalamus gigantenus H Poaceae Male bamboo 26 Eclipta prostrata H Asteraceae False Daisy 27 Erythrina variegata T Fabaceae Indian Coral Tree,

Pangara 28 Eucalyptus globulus T Myrtaceae Nilgiri 29 Euphorbia antiquorum T Euphorbiaceae Tridhara 30 Euphorbia hirta H Euphorbiaceae Dudhi 31 Ficus bengalensis T Moraceae Vad 32 Ficus elastica T Moraceae Rubber Tree 33 Ficus recemosa T Moraceae Clustered Fig 34 Ficus religiosa T Moraceae Pimple 35 Gardenia resinifera T Rubiaceae Dikamali 36 Haplanthodes verticillatus H Acanthaceae Spiny bottle Brush 37 Hibiscus hirtus S Malvaceae Lesser White Mallow 38 Hibiscus rosa-sinnesis S Malvaceae China Rose 39 Ipomea carnea S Convolvulaceae Besharam 40 Ipomea obscura C Convolvulaceae Lessar Glory 41 Ixora coccinea S Rubiaceae Jungle Flame, Rukmini


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42 Lagerstoemia speciosa T Lythraceae Jarul 43 Lantana camara H Verbenaceae Common Lantana 44 Leucaena leucocephala T Fabaceae Subabul 45 Madhuca indica T Sapotaceae Indian Butter Tree 46 Mangifera indica T Arecaceae Mango 47 Melia azadarach T Meliacea Bead Tree 48 Michelia champaca T Magnoliaceae Son-Champa 49 Mimosa pudica H Mimosaceae Touch-me-not 50 Mucuna pruiens C Fabaceae Common cowitch 51 Musa paradisiaca H Musaceae Banana 52 Neolamarckia cadamba T Rubiaceae Kadamba 53 Nerium oleander T Apocynaceae Kaner, Oleander 54 Oxalis corniculata H Bignoniaceae Tayitu 55 Phoenix sylvestris P Arecaceae Khajur, Wild Date Palm 56 Piper nigrum C Piperaceae Black Pepper 57 Plumbago zeylanica T Plumbaginaceae Chitrak 58 Polyalthia longifolia T Annonaceae Ashoka 59 Pongamia pinnata T Fabaceae Karanj 60 Portulaca oleracea H Portulacaceae Khursa 61 Ricinus communis T Euphorbiaceae Castor 62 Roystonea regia T Arecaceae Bottle Palm 63 Samanea saman T Fabaceae Rain Tree 64 Sida acuta S Malvaceae Common Sida 65 Spathodea campanulata T Bignoniaceae African Tulip 66 Sterculia urens T Sterculiaceae Ghost Tree 67 Syzygium cumini T Myrtaceae Jamun 68 Terminalia catapa T Combretaceae Deshi Badam 69 Tectona grandis T Verbenaceae Teak, Sagwan 70 Tridax procumbens H Copositae Coat Buttons 71 Typha angustata H Typhaceae Long-bracted Cattail 72 Urena lobata S Malvaceae Common Purple Mallow 73 Vitex negundo S Verbenaceae Nirgundi 74 Xanthium strumarium H Asteraceae Chota Dhatura 75 Ziziphus mauritiana T Rhamnaceae Ber


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Table 5. Importance Value Index (IVI) by using quantitative characters of vegetation in the study area

Sr No

Species (Observed in Quadrants) Relative Frequency Relative

Density Relative

Dominance IVI

1 Acacia catechu 6.9 8.2 5.8 20.9 2 Acacia nilotica 5.9 7.5 5.3 18.7 3 Alstonia scholaris 8.8 6.1 2.5 17.4 4 Butea monosperma 7.8 7.2 11.3 26.3 5 Bauhinia racemosa 7.8 7.7 2.0 17.5 6 Cassia fistula 6.9 7.9 3.8 18.6 7 Erythrina variegata 6.9 5.8 10.2 22.9 8 Ficus bengalensis 3.9 8.4 13.8 26.1 9 Ficus hispida 6.9 4.6 3.8 15.3 10 Ficus recemosa 5.9 6.8 .3 17.9 11 Ficus religiosa 4.9 5.6 9.1 19.6 12 Ficus glomerata 5.9 5.1 7.1 18.1 13 Lagerstoemia speciosa 6.9 4.4 10.2 21.5 14 Madhuca indica 3.9 6.3 9.1 19.3 15 Neolamarckia cadamba 3.9 3.7 10.8 18.4 16 Peltophorum

pterocarpum 6.9 4.4 8.5 19.8

The IVI value observed to be high for the Butea monosperma (26.3), Ficus bengalensis (26.1), Erythrina variegate(22.9), Lagerstoemia speciosa (21.5), Acacia catechu (20.9), Peltophorum pterocarpum (19.8,) Ficus religiosa (19.6), Madhuca indica (19.3) and indicating the predominance of plant species in the study area. The lowest value found for the plant species are Acacia nilotica (18.7), Cassia fistula (18.6), Neolamarckia cadamba (18.4), Ficus glomerata (18.1) Bauhinia racemosa (17.5 ), Alstonia scholaris (17.4), Ficus hispida (15.3). It is strongly recommended that those species obtained highest IVI values should be used for the plantation while implementing the green belt planting.

Simpson's Diversity Index:

A community dominated by one or two species is considered to be less diverse than one in which several different species have a similar abundance.

Simpson's Diversity Index is a measure of diversity which takes into account the number of species present, as well as the relative abundance of each species. As species richness and evenness increase, so diversity increases.


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n = the total number of organisms of a particular species N = the total number of organisms of all species

The value of D ranges between 0 and 1. With this index, 1 represents infinite diversity and 0, no diversity.

Sr No Family Number (n) n(n-1) 1 Acanthaceae 2 2 2 Amaranthaceae 2 2 3 Annonaceae 2 2 4 Apocynaceae 4 12 5 Arecaceae 4 12 6 Asclepiadaceae 1 0 7 Asteraceae 2 2 8 Bignoniaceae 2 2 9 Bombaceae 1 0 10 Caesalpiniaceae 1 0 11 Cannaceae 1 0 12 Capparaceae 1 0 13 Caricaceae 1 0 14 Casuarinaceae 1 0 15 Cleomaceae 1 0 16 Combretaceae 3 6 17 Compositae 3 6 18 Convolvulaceae 1 0 19 Cyperaceae 1 0 20 Euphorbiaceae 2 2 21 Fabaceae 4 12 22 Lamiaceae 1 0 23 Leaceae 1 0 24 Leythidaceae 1 0 25 Lythraceae 1 0 26 Magnoliaceae 1 0 27 Malvaceae 4 12 28 Meliacea 2 2 29 Mimosaceae 2 2 30 Moraceae 2 2 31 Moringaceae 1 0 32 Musaceae 1 0 33 Myrtaceae 2 2 34 Nyctaginaceae 1 0


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35 Oleaceae 1 0 36 Orchidaceae 1 0 37 Papaveraceae 1 0 38 Phyllanthaceae 1 0 39 Piperaceae 1 0 40 Plumbaginaceae 1 0 41 Poaceae 1 0 41 Portulacaceae 1 0 42 Rhamnaceae 1 0 43 Rubiaceae 2 2 44 Rutaceae 1 0 45 Sapotaceae 1 0 46 Scrophularaiceae 2 2 47 Solanaceae 2 2 48 Sterculiaceae 2 2 49 Typhaceae 1 0 50 Verbenaceae 3 6 51 Total 83 94

N = 83 n(n-1) = 94

D = 1- [94/83(83-1)]

Simpson's Index of Diversity = 0.98

The calculated Simpson’s Index of Diversity in the study area is 0.98

Avian Diversity

Birds have been considered as useful biological indicators because they are ecologically

versatile and live in all kinds of habitats as herbivores or carnivores (Jarvinen and

Vaisanen, 1979). The aquatic avifauna is susceptible to the changes in wetlands;

similarly they are more conspicuous in an ecosystem and hence can be easily observed

for monitoring the change taking place (Morrison, 1986). Some birds are migratory,


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which are responsible for fluctuations in the population of birds that occur during

different seasons of the year, which may help to know whether area is normal or getting

polluted, as total absence of birds from any area may be considered as pollution

indication (Borale et al., 1994).

During the present investigation, 30 bird species including aquatic and non aquatic birds were

recorded. The present study revealed presence of 30 species of birds belonging to 19 families

and 26 generas. Out of these, 22 species were resident, 04 migrant, 03local migrants’ species

were observed. Individuals of family Ardeidae were found to be dominant, representing 05

species. Most of the bird species were observed in winter due to more food availability and

favorable climatic conditions for nesting and roosting. The density and diversity of water birds

are influenced by rainfall, temperature, humidity and cloudiness (Gross-custard, 1985).

Table 6 gives the list of avifauna recorded in the study area.

Table List of Avifauna Recorded in the Study area

SR. NO. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME STATUS

KINDS OF HABITATS

Family: Megalaimidae - Barbets

1 Coppersmith (Crimson Breasted) Barbet Megalaima haemacephala R, C Frugivorous

Family: Meropidae – Bee eaters

2 Small Green Bee-eater Merops orientalis R, C Insectivorous

Family: Pycnonotidae – Bulbuls

3 Red-vented Bulbul Pycnonotus cafer R, C Omnivorous

4 Red-whiskered Bulbul Pycnonotus jocosus R, UC Omnivorous

Family: Phalacrocoracidae - Cormorants

5 Indian Cormorant Phalacrocorax fuscicollis R, UC Piscivorous


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6 Little Cormorant Phalacrocorax niger R, C Piscivorous

Family: Corvidae - Crows, Treepies

7 House Crow Corvus splendens R, C Omnivorous

Family: Cuculidae - Cuckoos

8 Pied Crested (Jacobin) Cuckoo Clamator jacobinus M, UC Insectivorous

9 Greater Coucal Centropus sinensis R, UC Insectivorous

Family: Columbidae - Doves & Pigeons

10 Blue Rock Pigeon Columba livia R, C Granivorous

Family: Dicruridae - Drongos

11 Black Drongo Dicrurus macrocercus LM, UC Insectivorous

Family: Accipitridae - Hawks, Eagles, Harriers, Kites, Vulture

12 Shikra Accipiter badius M, C Carnivorous

13 Black Kite Milvus migrans R, C Carnivorous

Family: Ardeidae - Egrets, Herons

14 Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis R, C Carnivorous

15 Little Egret Egretta garzetta R, C Carnivorous

16 Black-crowned Night Heron Nycticorax nycticorax R, C Carnivorous

17 Indian Pond Heron Ardeola grayii R, C Carnivorous

18 Grey Heron Ardea cinerea R, UC Carnivorous

Family: Upupidae - Hoopoe

19 Common Hoopoe Upupa epops M, UC Insectivorous

Family: Alcedinidae - Kingfishers

20 Common (Small Blue) Kingfisher Alcedo atthis LM, C Piscivorous

21 White-throated Kingfisher Halcyon smyrnensis R, C Piscivorous


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Family: Rallidae

22 White-breasted Waterhen Amaurornis phoenicurus R, C Omnivorous

Family: Sturnidae - Starlings, Mynas

23 Common or Indian Myna Acridotheres tristis R, C Omnivorous

24 Asian Pied (Pied Myna) Starling Sturnus contra R, C Omnivorous

Family: Scolopacidae

25 Common Sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos M, C Carnivorous

Family: Charadriidae

26 Black-tailed Godwit Limosa limosa M, C Omnivorous

Family: Strigidae

27 Barn Owl Tyto alba R, UC Carnivorous

28 Spotted Owlet Athene brama R, UC Carnivorous

Family: Oriolidae

29 Black hooded Oriole Oriolus xanthornus LM, C Omnivorous

Family: Estrildidae

30 Scaly-breasted Munia Lonchura punctulata R, C Granivorous

Abbreviations= Resident; M= Migrant; LM= Local Migrant; C= Common; UC= Uncommon

Pond Heron Green Bee Eater Common Munia


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Green Belt Development Plan The green belt should be developed on the basis of following criteria:

Absorbs air pollutants Resistant to specific air pollutants Fast growing Thick canopy cover Perennial and ever green Large leaf area index

In green belt, following species are may be planted:

Casuriana equsetifolia Peltoforum species Syzygium Cumini Delonix regia Acacia auriculoformis Saraca indica Eucalyptus spcies Dalbergia latifolia Cassia fistula Anacardium occidnetale Pongamia pinnata Areca catechu Cocos Nucifera


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3.6 SocioEconomic Environment The socio-economic component of environment with reference to human interest, aesthetics and cultural attributes needs to be studied while delineating Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for achieving desired target without impairing the quality of life. In order to carry out such studies information on issues such as effect on income and employment, life style, infrastructural facilities have been considered to evaluate quality of life. Baseline data on socio-economic parameters such as demography is generated based on District Census Handbook (2001). 3.5.3 Baseline Status surveyed in the Study Area

Demographic data such as number of households, population and community structure of the villages surveyed, are presented in Table 3.6.1. The following observations have been made based on the demographic information from District Census Handbook (soft copy 2011). The villages surveyed for socioeconomic study are presented in fig. 3.6.1. The study area comprises villages from Ambernath.

3.5.4 Demographic Structure The total population of the study area is 45,240. Literacy rate is 71% which is similar to state average 73%. The sex ratio is 905 females per thousand males. Scheduled Caste & Scheduled Tribal population constitutes 2.11 & 0.09

% of the total population respectively which is too low. The employment rate is 88 which are similar to the state average %.

3.5.5 Infrastructural Set up

The data on infrastructural set up is presented in the3.6.2 and the observations made during the study period are as follows: • All most all the villages of the study area have educational facilities in

the terms of primary & middle school. Dwarli, katrap, Morivali, Jambhul villages have schooling facility up to 10th class.

• MIDC water supply is the only drinking water source for the villagers. • Primary health center (PHC) is exists at Additional Ambernath,

however sub center is available at Ambernath • Bus service is available in almost all the villages


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• Electricity is available in almost all of the village in the study area 3.5.6 Health Status

The data on morbidity pattern of the study area were collected from Rural medical dispensary. During rainy season the frequency of malarial infection is high which is due to the stagnation of water in the water logging areas.

3.5.7 Economic Resource Base The study area is hilly. The economy of the study area is not agriculture dominant. The Employment pattern of the study area is presented in FIG. 3.6.1. which depicts that approximately 8 % of the workers are engaged in agricultural and its allied activities and 90% people are involved in the activities like trade & commerce, construction etc.

3.5.8 Cultural and Aesthetic Attributes No significant archaeological setup or historical monuments are present in the study area.

Socio economic survey Socio economic survey was undertaken in the 5 villages of the study area to collect information on awareness & opinion of the local population about the proposed expansion of project. The survey was undertaken to estimate quality of life (QOL) of the people with the help of predesigned set of questionnaires. The survey refers to adult, males, females, on a proportional, stratified and random sampling basis.

The observations made during survey are: o Educational facilities are limited to primary & middle school & in

some of the villages these are extended to Higher secondary. o The private, Govt. buses & personnel transport are the only mode

of transportation in the area. o The terrain is hilly and the road conditions are very bad during

rainy season except road which comes under MIDC perview. o Very Low agriculture related activities are going on during

mansoon. Only rainfed crops are grown on hilly terrain.


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3.5.9 Awareness & opinion of the people

The people are well aware about the Additional MIDC zone. Nobody is against the industries The localites opined that all the companies should carry out activity to control pollutions similarly to that of MONOMER CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES PVT. LTD. so that the environment they live will not be damaged. Community Development Activities by Monomer As a good gesture towards the community M/s. Monomer Chemical Industries Pvt. Ltd. Will help the near by community financially for education as will as for cultural upliftment.

3.5.10 Quality of Life

Quality of life is the function of the ‘objective conditions’ and ‘subjective attitudes’ involving defined area of concern. The “Objective conditions” are defined as numerically measurable artifacts of a physical event, sociological event or economic event. Objective conditions may be defined as any number, which stands for a given quality of variable of interest so long as it is independent of subjective opinion. “Subjective attitude” is primarily concerned with affective and cognitive dimensions. It is especially concerned with how aspects of cognition vary with variation in objective conditions.

Once objective measures are obtained for each factor they are transformed to a normal scale varying from 0 to 1 (value function curve) in which zero corresponds to the lowest and 1 to the highest. The weights are assigned to each factor by pair wise comparison technique by the experts group based on the secondary data and general observations.

For each objective measure, a corresponding subjective measure is developed for each individual factor. Again, the 0 and 1 scale (value function curve) is used. Weights are assigned to each factor using ranked-pairwise comparison technique.


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The socio-economic indicators for QOL Assessment are:

Employment and working conditions, Income Housing Food Clothing Water supply and Sanitation Health Energy Transportation and Communication Education Environment and Pollution Recreation Social security Human rights

For evaluation of quality of life, subjective and objective QOL indices have been estimated. Cumulative QOL index is an average of subjective and objective QOL indices. The index values for individual socio-economic indicator are calculated as follows:

Objective Quality of Life

i = n

QOLo Σ = Ql1 x W1

Where, QOLo = Objective Quality of Life Index

N = No. of QOL Factors I = 1, …...,n

Ql1 = Satisfaction level (assigned by the expert group) for the

ith objective indicator

W1 = Normalized weight for ith factor

Subjective Quality of Life


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• m p • QOLs = 1/p Σ Σ Qlij x W1 • i=1 j=1 • Where,

• QOLs • = • Subjective Quality of Life Index

• P • = • No. of Respondents, j = 1,……., p • M • = • No. of Factors, I = 1, …….,m • Qlij • = • Subjective Quality Index for ith factor assigned by jth

respondents • Qlij • = • Subjective Quality Index for ith factor assigned by al

respondents in an area • W1 • = • Weight of the ith factor

III. Quality of Life (Cumulative Index)

QOL (o) + QOL (s)

QOL =

2

Table 3.6.1: Demographic Profile of Study Area

Population Sr. no.

Village No. of House Holds Total M F

SC ST Literates

1 Dwarl Gaon 197 24900 13301 11900 14 0 20685

2 Vasat Village 1213 25500 12195 12090 197 23 21262

3 Jambhul 119 26300 12980 12354 68 0 19438

4 Vadavli 108 27100 13200 11120 16 0 19390

5 Morivali 2675 23500 12900 11220 124 4 18610


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SC : Scheduled Casts , ST : Scheduled Tribe, M : Male, F : Female Source : District census handbook ( soft copy 2001)

3.6 Identification of Impacts The major element involved in the process of environmental impact assessment is identification of impacts as it leads to other elements such as quantification and evaluation of impacts. Although, in general, character of impacts have been identified while describing existing environmental status, it is necessary at this stage to identify the critical likely impacts. for various components of environment, in the context of regional scenario. Various techniques are available for identification of impacts. In the present case for the activities related to the Dyes & Dyes Intermediate Industry, Monomer Chemicals Pvt. Ltd. Adaptation of "Network Method" which involves understanding of cause-condition-effect relationship between an activity and environmental parameters for identification of impacts has been found to be most appropriate methodology. The detailed list of activities and actions described earlier in this report have been taken into consideration for generation of cause-condition-effect networks (i.e. chains of events) in recognizing the series of impacts that would be triggered by the proposed activity. The method accounts for the project activity and identifies the types of impacts, which would initially occur. The next step related to analysis of each impact and identifies the secondary and tertiary impacts, which are induced as a result. This process is repeated until all possible impacts are identified.

6 Belavali 708 25200 13500 12300 54 0 19491

7 Juweli 165 24100 14600 13960 6 0 22546

8 Shirgaon 304 25000 13630 11510 0 0 20180

9 Katrap 88 26403 13300 12103 6 0 19529

10 Sonivali 925 26000 13400 12440 153 0 20576

Total 6502 254003 133006 120997 638 27 201707


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The identified impacts for various components of environment; viz. air, noise, surface and ground water, land, biology and socio-economic environment are presented in Figs. 3.7.1 to 3.7.7. It is to be noted that in these illustrations the lines are to be read, as "has an effect on".

Construction Phase

Operation Phase

Project

Release of Air Pollutants Release of

Heat

Change in Air Quality

Impact on Visibility

Particulates Deposition on Soil,

Water, LandClimatic Changes

Aesthetic Impact

Impact on Agricultural

Produce

Impact on Flora & Fauna

Impact on Human Health

Impact on Economic Output

Impact on Socio-Cultural Environment

Activity

Secondary Impacts

Tertiary Impacts

Primary Impacts


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Project

Operation Phase Construction Phase

Economic Input Capital/C&M Cost

Economic Output Product Cost

Demand for Work Force

Net Income Output

Change in Economic base of the Region

Development of Ancillary Industries

Better Product

Availability

Air, Water, Land, Noise

Pollution

Employment Opportunity

Demand for Communication

Facilities

Demand for Infrastructural

Facilities

Aesthetic Risk

Saving of Foreign Exchange

Effect on Human Health

Effect on Agriculture &

Fisheries

Effect on Visual

Environment

Effect on Water Supply, Sewerage & Solid Waste

Management Facilities

Effects on Educational, Medical, Transportat Facilities

Effect on Human, Nature & Recreational Facilities

Effect on Buildings Materials

Monuments

Fig. 3.7.1 : Impact Network for Air Environment

Fig. 3.7.7 : Impact Network for Socio-Economic & Cultural Environment


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CCHHAAPPTTEERR IIVV PPRREEDDIICCTTIIOONN OOFF

IIMMPPAACCTTSS


110

4. PREDICTION OF IMPACTS Prediction of Impacts is the most important component in environmental impact assessment process. Several mathematical/statistical techniques and methodologies are available for predicting impacts due to developmental activities on physico-ecological and socio-economic environment. The results obtained from predictions are superimposed over the baseline (pre-project) status of environmental quality to derive the ultimate (post-project) scenario of environmental conditions. The quantitative prediction of impacts is also essential to delineate pragmatic environmental management plan (pollution control measures) for implementation during and after the commissioning of proposed activities for minimizing the adverse impacts on environmental quality.

Mathematical models are the best tools to quantitatively describe cause-condition-effect

relationships between sources of pollution and different components of environment. In

case, mathematical models are either not available or it is not possible to

identify/validate models for a particular situation, predictions are arrived at through

available scientific knowledge and judgments.

4.1 Air Environment The impacts on air environment from Synthetic Organic dyes & Intermediate

manufacturing facility depend on various factors like production capacity, types of

processes involved, type of raw material used, control technology in use and operation

& maintenance. Apart from the above, there will be other activities associated with any

industrial project, viz. transportation of raw materials and finished products, storage

facilities and material handling within the plant premises which may contribute

significantly to air pollution. Generally, dye intermediate project comprises besides

process units several onsite and offsite facilities, viz. storage of tank farms as primary

feedstock and other organic liquid chemicals, intermediates and marketable products

etc.

The impacts on air environment from any industrial project are also governed by terrain

conditions and the prevailing micro-meteorological conditions in the project region.


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The relative locations of various process units and associated stacks position have been

shown in plant layout (Fig. 4.1.1).

3.1.1 Plant Emissions

The emissions from point sources at dye & dye intermediate manufacturing facility

are very important for impact assessment as the emissions from these sources are

comparatively large in quantities, continuous in nature and released at higher

elevations above ground level. The impacts on air environment from stacks depend

on the type of fuel used and may extend to far distances depending on

meteorological conditions. The fugitive emissions are generally less in quantity and

they are released relatively closer to ground level which cause impact to very

limited distances (about 1-3 Km).

Amongst the continuous point source emissions, SO2 will be of prime concern as it is

emitted depending on the type of fuel used and followed by emission of Oxides of

Nitrogen (NOx), which also depends on type of fuel (solid/liquid/gas) and the rate

of fuel combustion.

4.1.1.1 Emissions from Proposed Units

In the proposed project, PM2.5, RSPM-PM10, NOx and SO2 will be major air pollutants

from fuel burning units, as combination of fuel will be used. Besides small quantities of

particulates, Cl2, and HCl, will be released from stacks. The major stack emission

sources in the proposed dye and dye intermediate facility are DG stack & combine stack

of Boiler and Thermopac. Fuels proposed to be used include solid, liquid and gaseous.

Emissions from new unit along with stack parameters are presented in Table 4.1.1.

The major component of fugitive emissions especially hydrogen chlorides are

contributed by storage tanks at any tank farm where hydrochloric acid are stored

through evaporation / breathing losses. There are storage tanks proposed in project.

Due care will be taken in designing of storage facilities at each stage to minimize the

fugitive emissions. Storage tanks should be provided with proper dykes for safety. The


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storage capacity of individual tanks varies from 10Kl to 15 Kl. The proposed tanks are

designed with cylindrical fixed roof and provided with scrubbing vents, accordingly

the fugitive emission from storage tanks are expected to be negligible including the

resultant impacts on air environment.

Truck movements in dyes and dye intermediate manufacturing facility are not

significant and therefore the emissions from truck movements are considered

insignificant.

4.2 Noise Environment

4.2.1 Noise Levels due to Propose Project

The proposed project is synthetic organic dye & dye intermediate plant for the

production of 2100 MT/A . The cumulative noise level at a particular location within

the study area due to noise sources can be computed by using the following equation:

r2

Lp2 = Lp1 - 20 log ---- - Ae1,2

r1

Where,

Lp2 and Lp1, are the noise levels at distance r2 and r1 respectively from the

source and Ae1,2 is the excess attenuation along the path r2-r1, due to environmental

absorption, scattering and other shielding effects.

Total noise levels Lp (Total) due to all sources can be determined as follows:

Lp (Total) = 10 Log (10 Lpa/10 + 10 Lpb/10 + 10Lpc/10 + ------)

where,

Lpa, Lpb, Lpc, are the noise levels at a sampling point due to sources A, B, C, etc.


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4.2.2 Noise Due to Transportation

The equivalent noise level due to traffic is estimated using FHWA noise model,

as follows:

Leq(h)i = Loe + 10 Log (Ni/ Si Ti) + 10 Log (15/D) (1+a) + So-13

where,

Leq(h)i = Leq at hour h for ith vehicle type

Loe = Reference mean energy level for ith vehicle type

Ni = Number of i type vehicle passing during time T

Si = Average speed for the ith vehicles type in Km/hr

T = Duration for which Leq is desired

D = perpendicular distance in meters from centerline of the traffic lane to

the location

a = Factor relating to absorption characteristics of ground cover between

the roadway and the observer

So = Shielding factor

Noise levels for light, medium and heavy vehicles on the roads are calculated

using the above model and cumulative effect is computed using the following model :

Leq (Total) = 10 Log (10 Leq L/10 + 10 Leq M/10 + 10 Leq H/10)

where LeqL, LeqM, LeqH are equivalent noise levels for light, medium and

heavy vehicles respectively.

The area specially industrial zone is heavily affected by transportation of

highly loaded vehicles. The city buses, trucks, lorries, tankers and Public transport to

nearby places is mainly through this route. Major contribution during morning and

evening hours is from the two wheelers. A traffic load of around 250 heavy, 550

medium and 200 light vehicles were observed in this area during morning & evening


114

peak hour. The equivalent noise level due to increased traffic at the Monomer Chemical

Industries Pvt Ltd (Unit 2 ), Gate is predicted to be 72.0 dBA.

4.2.3 Impact of Noise on Occupational Health

Equivalent sound pressure level (Leq) averaged over 8 hours is used to

describe noise exposure in work place environment. The damage risk criteria for

hearing as enforced by CPCB and OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health

Administration) stipulate that the noise levels up to 90 dBA are acceptable for 8 hour

exposure per day.

These noise sources include turbo-generators, air compressors, feed pumps,

condensate pumps, reflux pumps, recycle pumps, diluent pumps, tempering pumps, air

blowers, I.D. Fans, cooling towers etc. It is observed that noise levels inside the process

units will be exceed 74 dBA because major noise sources listed in these plant units.

However, exposure to noise to individual workers will be below 80 dBA (for 8 hours

shift) because of use of earmuffs and noise-insulated cabins.

The workers will be exposed to these levels for a short duration and mostly

spend the remaining time in Control Room Cabins.

4.2.4 Impact on Community

The community level impact of noise is predicted as equivalent noise level during

daytime (6.00 am to 9.00 pm) and during night time (9.00 pm. to 6.00 am). A 10 dB(A)

penalty factor is added to Leq during night time for computing equivalent noise level

during day and night (24 hourly average). This penalty is added to account for the fact

that noise during night (sleeping) time is judged to be more annoying than the same

noise level during daytime. Equivalent noise levels for day-night are used to describe

community noise exposure.

The cumulative impact of all noise sources at the boundary wall is predicted in the

range of 40-50 dB(A). After superimposing the predicted noise level over the baseline


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status at the nearest compound wall (250 m) and beyond the effective increase would be

only 5.0–10.0 dBA. It is estimated that the noise level at the nearest village (residential),

are well within the stipulated standards.

4.3 Water Environment The projected water requirement for the dyes & dye intermediate manufacturing facility

is 111.00 m3/day. The water requirement of the dyes & dye intermediate manufacturing

facility is given in Table 4.3.1.

Due to the proposed project, the wastewater quantity emanating from the process

facilities will be 90.00 m3/day. The wastewater which is generated due to

manufacturing process treated in the effluent treatment plants. The treated water will

be reused for gardening, washing & flushing.

The expected characteristics of treated effluent outlet are presented in Table 4.3.2.

4.4 Land Environment The total 16135.00 Sq. mtr area acquired for the proposed new plant units. As per

the results obtained from baseline status of land cover through soil samples analysis,

the soil in the major portion of land identified for whole facility is effected and not

suitable for agriculture (low fertile) purpose. Therefore no prime agricultural area

will be converted to industrial use. The progressive greenbelt development is

expected to improve the fertility of soil and prevent top soil erosion. As such there

will be no adverse impact on land from proposed project.

There are no notified sensitive receivers existing within 10 km radial distance of

proposed project site.

There will be hazardous waste generation from proposed synthetic organic dye &

dye intermediate production. The industry has Efficient Hazardous Waste

Management practices in compliance to the hazardous waste (Management &

Handling) Amendment Rules, 2008. Therefore, the quantity of hazardous wastes


116

would be handled in the similar manner. The list of hazardous waste, which would

be generated, quantity of generation, treatment and disposal is represented in Table

4.4.1.

4.5 Biological Environment

Most of the reserved forest area is on the West and South of the monomer chemical

Industries complex. East-west and West being the most prevalent wind direction, no

adverse impact on reserve forest is predicted due to air pollutants from Monomer.

The liquid wastes will be generated during post commissioning phase of the

proposed dye & dyes intermediate Industry will be treated by conventional method

so as to meet the stipulated standards. The resultant effluent, after discharge to the

CETP for further treatment.

4.6 SocioEconomic Environment

The issues such as land acquisition, compensation and rehabilitation are not involved as

the proposed project would be taken in the Industrial zone only. Critically analysing the

baseline status of the socio-economic profile and visualising the scenario with the

proposed project, the impacts of the project would be of varied nature. Prediction of the

qualitative impacts and socio-economic environment is presented in Table 4.6.1.

There will be certain critical impacts on socio-economic environment due to:

Immigration of population from nearby areas for jobs Strain on the existing

infrastructure

Positive Impacts

Increase in infrastructural resources due to the proposed project by way of transport

and communication and other basic requirements. The direct and indirect employment

opportunities likely to be generated due to proposed activities for local people. The

proposed project is expected to generate indirect employment opportunities due to

increased product handling and transportation, which will result in beneficial impacts.


117

In addition to the opportunity of getting employment as construction labours, the local

population would also have employment opportunities in related services activities like

commercial establishment, small contracts and supply of construction materials for

building and ancillary infrastructure etc. consequently, this may lead to economic

upliftment of the area.

With increase in migration of the population from the other parts of the state there is a chance

of dilution of ethnic culture in the region. People located in the project area and in close

vicinity, shall enjoy positive changes in life style.

The project is not going to influence the existing traditional agricultural practices. It may help

to improve agricultural production by way of providing additional income to the farmers

from supplementary sources.

There will not be any stress on existing local infrastructure facilities, as the number of

persons proposed to be directly employed by Monomer will be marginal. A varied

range of products produced by M/s Monomer Chemical Industries Pvt. Ltd.,

Negative Impacts

If proper sanitation facilities are not provided during production activities it may cause

unhealthy atmosphere in the area.

However, the local inhabitants are not against the projects, provided their demands for

Infrastructural improvement and job opportunities are met by the management.

If not provided proper disposal of waste generated by the new facility causes hazards

on surrounding area.


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TABLE 4.1.1:STACK DETAILS

Stack No

Stack Identification Stack

Height (m)

Stack top inside dia

(m)

Stack gas exit temp (OK)

Volumetric flow rate;

(m3/h) NTP

Type of Fuel

1. DG (160 KVA) 5.0 0.300 125-190 300-500 H.S.D

2.

Boiler & Thermopack

(Combined))

32.0 0.450 120 - 140 1100-1200 LDO

3. Scrubber- 12.0 0.275 40 -45 180-250 -


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TABLE 4.3.1: WATER BALANCE

PHASE WATER EFFLUENT

Consumption (CMD)

Losess (CMD)

Domestic (cmd)

Indistrial (CMD)

Domestic 15 5 10 Nil

Industrial

Process/washing 80 + 20 (from ETP) Nil Nil 80

Cooling 6 6 Nil Nil

Gardening 10 10 Nil Nil

Total 111 21 10 80

TABLE 4.3.2 : EXPECTED TREATED EFFLUENT CHARACTERISTICS FROM ETP

Sr. No.

Parameter Anticipated Values

1. pH 7.0 to 8.0

2. Suspended Solids 50

3. Oil & grease 1-5

4. TDS 100 - 300

6. BOD 40 - 50

7. COD 120 - 150

8. Chlorides 30 - 40

9. Sulphates 50 – 60

10. T.A.N 4 - 6

All parameters except pH are expressed in mg/l


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TABLE 4.4. : HAZARDOUS WASTE GENERATION AND MANAGEMENT

Sr.No Cat. No.

Name of waste Qty. T/A Mode of Disposal as given in Authorization

1 5.1 Used/Spent Oil 100 litr/Annum

Sent to CPCB authorized recycler

2 26.1 Procees Sludge 60 kg/M Sent to CHWTSDF

3 34.3 ETP Sludge 500 kg/M Sent to CHWTSDF

TABLE 4.6.1 PREDICTION OF QUALITATIVE IMPACTS ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC

ENVIRONMENT

Parameter Local Regional Direct Indirect Reversible Irreversible

Employment + + + + * +

Income + + + + * +

Transport + * + * * +

Medical facilities + * + * * +

Communication + + + * * +

Housing + * + * * +

Health * * * * * *

Recreation + + * + * +

Agriculture * * * * * *

Cost of living * * * - * -


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Business + + + * * *

Per capita Income + + + * * *

Pollution * * * * * *

+ : Positive Impact

– : Negative Impact

* : Insignificant


122

FIG. 4.1.1 PLANT LAYOUT


123

CCHHAAPPTTEERR VV EENNVVIIOONNMMEENNTTAALL

IIMMPPAACCTT SSTTAATTEEMMEENNTT


124

5.ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT After the collection of baseline data and subsequent identification and predication of impact, the following Environmental Impact Statement have been prepared for five basic environmental components which are likely to be affected or benefited due to proposed Monomer Chemical Industries Pvt. Ltd., Unit - 2

5.1 AIR ENVIRONMENT

The changes in baseline ambient air quality status with respect to PM2.5, PM10, SO2 and NOX are expected to be negligible in the region at the enhanced production of dyes intermediates production of proposed project by Monomer Chemical Industries Pvt. Ltd. The levels of air pollutants will not exceed the stipulated standards of Maharashtra Pollution Control Board (MPCB) in the region. No significant change in ambient air quality is envisaged. The strengthening of proposed green belt shall further reduce impact due to proposed activity. The predicted ground level concentration for PM2.5, PM10, SO2 and NOX are negligible (less than 1µg/m3).

5.2 NOISE ENVIRONMENT

Inplant noise level limit 75 dB(A) during daytime 70 dB(A) in the night time. The current baseline noise levels within impact zone around Monomer Chemical Industries Pvt. Ltd., varied from 42.8 – 67.9 dB (A) during daytime and 25.6 -55.6 dB (A) in the night time. It was observed that noise level near Boiler & Diesel generator were found to be more than stipulated standards for industrial area where as in impact zone noise levels were less than the stipulated standards for residential area.

The impact of noise generation from proposed units on the neighboring population is expected to be insignificant. The noise exposure to the workers shall not exceed the stipulated limits with proper noise mitigation measures. The increase in noise level due to transportation activities would be insignificant.


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5.3 WATER ENVIRONMENT

The physico-chemical parameters of raw water are found to be well within the prescribed limits. Groundwater quality around project site is below the stipulated limit except some sampling locations.

The project is based on cleaner technology with minimum generation of wastewater. The wastewater generated shall be treated to meet the standard stipulated by CPCB.

5.4 LAND ENVIRONMENT

There will not be any change in the land scape as Monomer Chemical Industries Pvt. Ltd. would be established in the MIDC area, Ambernath.

The proposed Hazardous waste generation will be disposed as per the Hazardous waste management and handling rule 2008. The hazardous waste generated in the form of ETP sludge would be collected in sludge tank and spent oil would be collected separately. The ETP sludge would be sent to CHWTSDF after dewatering by using filter press. The spent oil would be sent to authorized reprocessor.

5 .5 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

There will not be any negative impacts on the existing natural vegetation and there will not be the change in the existing biodiversity as the air pollution, water pollution, soil erosion and pollution are taken care by the Monomer Chemical Industries Pvt Ltd. The proposed project is carried out in Ambernath MIDC area. The proper care would be taken for dust emission & noise pollution by the proposed project authority.

5.5 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT

Negative impact on socio-economic component within the impact zone would be insignificant due to propose project would be established in Ambernath MIDC area. Due care has to be taken from the planning stage of proposed units for mitigation of occupational health along with necessary social welfare activities in the surrounding villages. The project will provide employment opportunities to local population.


126

CCHHAAPPTTEERR VVII EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTTAALL

MMAANNAAGGEEMMEENNTT PPLLAANN &&

MMIITTIIGGAATTIIOONN MMEEAASSUURREESS


127

6. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN Impact Assessment helps in identifying potentially damaging aspects of a proposed project. Based on the finding of the impact assessment, Environment Management Plan is devised to minimize adverse impacts and enumerated various steps to be taken for improvement of the environment.

Environment Management Plan (EMP) is the key to ensure a safe and clean environment. A project may have identified proper mitigation measures but without a management plan to execute it, the desired results may not be obtained. The Environment Management Plan envisages proper implementation of mitigation measures to reduce the adverse impacts arising out of the project activities.

Some of the major objectives of the EMP are:

♦ Ensure the project implementation with minimal impacts on all environment attributes

♦ Minimize the impacts on socio- economic indicators of the local and adjoining regions

♦ Maintain the higest level of readiness for meting the needs of any deviation in sustainability practices

♦ Systematic implementation with adequate manpower, budget and action plan for EMP

♦ Use EMP to demonstrate the effectiveness of its workability along with the project proponent’s commitment.

RECYCLE & REUSE OF TREATED WATER AND WASTE MINIMIZATION

• Approximately 20 CMD Treated effluent proposed to be reuse in the process for washing activities (Floor washing/ Filter press wash etc..)

• To avoid the spillages of raw material from mechanized system is adopted.


128

Cost of the project (Land, Factory building and Plant & Machinery) will be about Rs. 8.00 crores.

For Environmental care funds will be allocated –as follows:

Sr.

No.

Cost of environmental protection measures

Recurring Cost per annum (Rs.)

Capital Cost (Rs.)

1 Air Pollution Control 1,00,000/- 4,00,000/-

2 Water Pollution Control 10,00,000/- 1,50,00,000/-

3 Noise Pollution Control 25,000/- 50,000/-

4 Environment Monitoring and Management

3,00,000/- --

5 Reclamation borrow / mined area

-- --

6 Occupational Health 25,000/- --

7 Green Belt 50,000/- 1,00,000/-

8 Solid Waste Management 2,00,000/- --

9 Others (Pl. Specify) - -

Total 17,00,000 1,55,50,000/-

WATER POLLUTION CONTROL SYSTEM

DESIGN CRITERIA

Effluent Qty. : 80 CMD

Design Qty. : 100 CMD


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Quality of Raw effluent :

Sr. No. Parameter Observed Conc. Units

General Parameters

1. pH 3.2

2. Suspended Solids 800 mg/ litrs.

3. Chemical Oxygen Demand 3800 mg/ litrs.

4. Bio Chemical Oxygen Demand 1100 mg/ litrs.

5. Oil & Grease 15 mg/ litrs.

6. TAN 134 mg/ litrs.

7. Colour 634 HZ

Quality of Treated Water After Treatment :

Sr. No. Parameter Quality after treatment.

Units

General Parameters

1. pH 6.5 - 7.5 2. Suspended Solids 60 mg/ litrs. 3. Chemical Oxygen Demand 141 mg/ litrs. 4. Bio Chemical Oxygen Demand 38 mg/ litrs.

5. Oil & Grease 0.5 mg/ litrs. 6. TAN 5.0 mg/ litrs. 7. Colour 186 HZ

Note : the value of parameters acceptable to CETP


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E.T.P. TREATMENT SCHEME--100 CMD CAPACITY

A] OIL & GREASE TRAP:

This unit shall be designed to subsidize velocities and to trap the heavy solids, floating

matter and oil. Down flow arrangement shall be provided to trap the floating oil. The

effluent enters in the first compartment and upward due to up flow (top opening) and

down ward in the second compartment due to down flow arrangement (bottom

opening). The mechanical belt type skimmer is proposed to install to remove out

floating oil with the help of skimmer. Mechanical oil skimmer skims off the floating oil.

The oil and grease and floating matter free effluent will be then allowed to enter the

underground collection cum neutralisation tanks.

B] COLLECTION CUM NEUTRALIZATION TANKS (Effluent Collection Sumps):

Two tanks are proposed to facilitate fill and draw operation. After filling one, another

tank shall be utilize for receiving by opening the inlet valve V2 of collection tank and

close another valve V1 of first collection tank. The pH of the incoming effluent must

checked on pH meter and pH paper and adjusted to make it neutral. As most efficient

digestion occurs at neutral pH, it is necessary to neutralize the incoming water to pH of

7. For flocculation the pH is adjusted in the range of 8.5 to 9 and ferric Alum solution

added to make is neutral i.e. 7 pH. Here at this stage. Equalisation minimises hour-to-

hour variations in wastewater flow and composition, and prevents shock loads from

upsetting the downstream process. It is proposed that both the tanks will be equipped

with air distribution system and must be kept in continuous operation. After

neutralisation the neutralised effluent shall be oxidise further with help of Ozone by

circulating the effluent through venturi of ozonator. The system shall be operated for

minimum 1 ½ hr for proper mixing.


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C] OZONATOR:

Ozonator is powerfull oxidant. Inbuilt oxygen generator produces O3 .This process is

carried out by an electric discharge field. An ozonation system includes passing dry,

clean air through a high voltage electric discharge. The water shall be passed through a

venturi throat which creates a vacuum and pulls the ozone gas into the effluent or the

air is then bubbled up through the water being treated. The ozone reacts with metals to

create insoluble metal oxides. The oxygen can be pass two different venture at a time.

The same ozonator shall be used to oxidize the neutralized raw effluent if required in

case effluent colour is very dark.

D.] CHEMICAL PREPARATION TANKS:

Lime and FeSO4 and polyelectrolyte preparation systems shall be used in the primary

process. Lime & FeSO4 or HCL shall be used for neutralisation of effluent. 10 % lime

solution and 10 % Ferrous sulphate shall be prepared while Polyelectrolyte is prepared

in Polyelectrolyte tank with 1 % concentration. Polyelectrolyte shall be used here as a

flocculent. The rate and dosing will vary on the basis of conc. of raw effluent and results

of treatability studies will helps us to reduce the consumption of chemical for effluent

treatment. This shall be used only during failure of electro precipitator unit.

E] ELECTRO PRECIPITATOR UNIT:

The neutralized effluent pass with consistency rate with help of effluent transfer pump.

EP unit shall be installed in the first chamber of flash mixer. During transfer of effluent

a current of low voltage shall be passed with help of E.P. Due to passing of low voltage

current, effluent shall gets precipitated and mixes in the FM and overflows through first

launder of primary settler and enter into settling tank.

F.] SETTLING TANK NO 1 & NO 2:

The effluent shall enter settling tank and the sludge gets settled in the hopper bottom of

the unit. Sludge generated shall be transferred to the sludge tank. Supernatant


132

overflows through outer launder and enters into the flash mixer of the second settler

settling tank 2. The settled sludge shall drained into the sludge tank by opening of the

bottom valve till the sludge free water comes out and finally slurry from sludge tank is

feed to filter press with help of sludge feed pump for dewatering. In the F.M of settling

tank no. 2, poly dosing (Micro Plus) is given to the effluent to enhance the quality of

out going effluent & removal of colour. It shall be mixed with effluent and overflow in

the settler II. The slurry or mixed liquor settles at the hopper bottom. The settle sludge

drain to sludge collection tank & final slurry feed to Filter Press for dewatering.

G.] AERATION TANK:

The neutralized supernatant allow to enter in the aeration tank for biological

degradation of available organic matter to reduce the remaining BOD and COD

aerobically. Microbial culture shall be added to facilitate the same. The biological

treatment tanks are designed on aeration principle. Here diffused aeration system shall

be provided. It enables the bacteria to act upon the biodegradable matter in the effluent

and reduce the BOD content while the rapid and turbulent movement of the effluent in

the presence of oxygen available from the air, certain amount of COD is also removed. 2

Nos. of tanks are proposed in series.

I.] CLARIFIER

From the aeration tank the treated effluent shall flows to the clarifier. To remove the

biological solids generated clarifier shall be used. The effluent with activated biological

sludge enters the clarifier tank through a pipe to the Center feed well, where it flows

downwards and then outwards to launder. The activated sludge shall settle at the

bottom of the clarifier tank, where it collected in the center cone of clarifier by gravity.

The settled sludge shall be continuously recirculated into the aeration tank for further

oxidation and excess sludge is pumped to the sludge drying beds. The supernatant of

clarifier shall overflow into the collection tank.


133

J.] POLISHING TANK

The treated clear effluent from clarifier shall be collected in the polishing tank.

Oxidatation is done over here with the help of ozonator for colour removal. From the

polishing tank effluent shall be pumped to the pressure sand filter at first and then

through activated carbon filter.

K] PRESSURE SAND FILTER (To remove suspended matter)

The effluent from polishing tank shall be pumped to the pressure sand filter. The

filtration takes place in the downward mode. The filter shall be filled with a layer of

graded sand media supported by a layer of graded gravel. The suspended matters in

the effluent are filtered out in this unit; the effluent then flown into the activated carbon

filter. It is necessary to backwash the sand filter every four hours or as and when

required.

L.] ACTIVATED CARBON FILTER: (To absorbed the dissolved organic matter)

The treated and filtered effluent from the pressure sand filter shall flows into the

activated carbon filter. In this unit too, the feed flow shall be in downward mode

through a layer of granular activated carbon filter in which dissolved organics of the

effluent are absorbed. It is necessary to backwash the carbon filter every four hours or

as and when required.

N.] SLUDGE HANDLING AND DISPOSAL:

Waste solids in slurry form are produced due to sedimentation that occurs in settling

tanks, filter press, solids from biological aeration, clarifiers. Total sludge thickening and

dewatering shall be done before they are disposed off. These waste solids from the

slurry shall be collected periodically passed through filter press for dewatering. Then

after drying completely, the sludge shall be collected in sludge storage pit, through

which it proposed to dispose off periodically to CHWTSDF.


134

N.] TREATED EFFLUENT DISPOSAL/REUSE: The treated effluent will be reuse for

floor washing, filter press washing etc up to maximum extent. Excess effluent will be

disposed to CETP

LIST OF EQUIPMENTS OF ETP

Sr. No.

Unit Dimensions Qty Electromechanical/

RCC

1 Oil & Grease Trap 3.5 m x 1.5 m x 1.5 m 1 No. RCC

2 Oil skimmer Cap: 10 litr/hr 1 No. Mechanical

3 Collection cum Neutralization Tank


4 Air Blower for Eq. / N. Tank

Cap. : 100 M3/hr

Pressure: 0.45 kg/cm2

Motor : 5 H.P

2 Nos. Mechanical

5 Chemical Preparation System


6 Agitator for chemical preparation

100 RPM. S.S. 304 shaft & M.S. mounting with FRP coating.

2 Nos. Mechanical

7

Coarse Bubble diffuse Aeration system for collection Cum Equalization Tank

(6 + 6 nos.), HDPE & EPDM

2 Nos. Mechanical

8 Electrostatic Precipitator 2.5m3/Hr flow rate 1

System Instrument

9 Effluent Transfer Pump M.O.C. :P.P/S.S. 2 Nos. Mechanical


135

Cap :5 m3/hr

Motor : 2.0 H.P.

10 Primary Settling Tank with F.M.

3.25 m x 3.25 m x 3.5 m each

1 No. RCC

11 Agitator for flash mixer 100 RPM., S.S. 304 shaft & M.S. mounting with FRP coating

2 Nos. Mechanical

12 Carbon Treatment Tank

3.25 m x 3.25 m x 3.0 m each

1 Nos RCC

13 Aeration System for mixing purpose

MOC : S.S. 304

Size : Ø 1½" 2 Nos Mechanical

14 Filter press Feed Pump

M.O.C.: C.I/S.S.

Cap : 5 m3/hr

Head : 30 mtr

Motor : 5.0 H.P.

6 Nos Mechanical

15 Sludge Tank 2.0 m x 2.0 m x 1.5 m 1 No RCC

16 Filter Press (P.P Recess Type F.P.)

800 x 800 mm 2 Nos Mechanical

17 Oxidation Tank 4.5 m x 4.5 m x 2.5 m each 1 No RCC

18 Circulation Pump/Transfer pumps

Motor : 2.0 H.P Make :Kirloskar

Head : 20 mtr

2 Nos Mechanical

19 Ozonator Cap.:800 gm O3 generation/hr

1 No Instrument


136

20 Bio- reactor 6.0 m x 12.0 m x 4.5 m 1 No. RCC

21 Clarifier Tank Ø 3.5 Mt. & ht. 2.5 mtr. 2 Nos. RCC

22 Mechanism for clarifier Tank

Ø 3.5 M. & ht. 2.5 mt., 5 RPH

1 No. Mechanical

23 Air Blower for Bio- reactor -I

Cap : 350 m3/hr

Motor : 15 H.P. each 2 Nos. Mechanical

24

Fine Bubble Membrane Diffuse Aeration system for Bio- Reactors I & II

Size: Ø 67 mm & 2000 mm

80 + 40 Nos.

Mechanical

25 Return Sludge Pumps Cap : 3 M3/hr. 2 Nos. Mechanical

26 Polishing Tank 2.5 m x 2.5 m x 1.8 m 1 No. RCC

27 Sludge Drying Beds 3.0 m x 3.0 m x 1.0 m each 2 Nos. RCC

28 Filter feed pump Cap :5 m3/hr.

head :30 mtr. 2 Nos. Mechanical

29 Shelter for Air Blower 10 ΄ x 8 ΄ 1 No. RCC

30 Pressure sand filter Ø 800 mm & ht. 1250 mm 1 No. Mechanical

31 Activated carbon filter Ø 800 mm & ht. 1250 mm 1 No. Mechanical

32 Interconnecting piping with in battery limit.

90mm, 63mm, 50mm OD 1 lot Piping

33 Electrical/control panel

M.S. with powder coated, compartmental ,main switch,

one volt meters & ameters for each switch, Internal wiring, main switch, RYB lamps, Energy meter

1 No. Electrical


137

34 Misc. items

Safety railing ladders for all tanks, painting with two coats oil paint for M.S. structure& snocem painting for civil structure.

Lot Misc

DESIGN DETAILS OF AIR POLLUTION CONTROL SYSTEM:-

A) BOILER

Sr. No. PARAMETER CAPASITY

1 Equipment capacity 850 kg/hr

2 Fuel LDO





B) THERMOPACK


1 Equipment capacity 2 Lac. K. Cal.

2 Fuel LDO




6 Outlet Gas Temperature 80-900 C


138

C) SCRUBBER (WATER & ALKALY)


1 Equipment capacity 200 M3/Min

2 Media used Alkaly & Water

3 Alkali Consumption 10 – 15 kg/day

4 Gas Quantity 200 Nm3/hr

5 Inlet Gas Temperature 50-550 C

6 Outlet Gas Temperature 40– 450 C


139

HAZARDOUS & NON HAZARDOUS WASTE GENERATION & DISPOSAL ASPECTS: Hazardous Waste Generation & Disposal Aspects:

Sr. No.

Scheduled – I Cat. No.

Type

Qty.

Method of

Disposal

1 34.3 Chemical Sludge from

waste water treatment

500 Kgs./ M CHWTSDF

2. 26.1 Process Sludge 60 Kgs./ M CHWTSDF

3. 5.1 Spent Oil 100 Lit./ A

Authorized.

Recycler/ Reprocessor

Non Hazardous Waste Generation & Disposal Aspects

Sr. No.

Type

Quantity

Method of disposal

1 Empty Drums

150 Nos. / Yr.

Return to the Supplier/ Sale to Authorized party

2 Plastic Bags 100 Kgs./ Yr. Return to the Supplier/ Sale to Authorized party

3. Wooden Pallets 200 Kgs / Yr.

Return to the Supplier/ Sale to Authorized party


140

ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION MEASURES FOR THE PROJECT

Environmental

Component Phase Project Activity Potential Impacts Mitigation

Measures Site Clearance - NA

Dust Pollution --

Machine Maintenance / operation

Air Pollution Dust generation.

Machine, furniture & other equipments. Erecting barricade around the site. All vehicles should have valid PUC

Construction Phase

Construction of Structures and earth work

Use of existing structure of KASA Textile. Minor foundation works carried out in premises.

Water should be sprayed while construction activity is going on.

Traffic plying on road

Increase in Air Pollutant Concentration in some locations.

Smooth flow of traffic, Regulation of air pollution by legislation and public awareness.

Air Quality

Operation Phase

Boiler & DG Set operation

Air Pollution Boiler operated with minimum excess of air so that fuel consumption optimized & emission of SO2 minimized. Multistage combustion


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Environmental Component

Phase Project Activity Potential Impacts Mitigation Measures

CFBC, stem injection technology shall be used during detailed engineering. DG Sets adhering to CPCB Norms. Proper maintenance of Boiler, DG Set & both stack.

Machinery maintenance / operation, Transportation

Increased noise from operations of machinery.

Proper maintenance of machines. Providing ear plugs for workers.

Construction Phase

Construction of structures and earth work

There is no major construction carried out in premises. Small amount of noise generated.

Employing electrically operated construction equipment. Providing ear plugs for workers.

Noise Quality

Operation Phase

Operation of Equipments & Machinery

Increased equipment/machinery noise due to negligence against maintenance work

Provision of trees along the periphery of the boundary wall shall act as noise buffer. Regular check-up of all machinery to


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avoid noise. Boiler & DG Set operation

Increased noise level Providing ear plugs for workers. Boiler & DG Sets adhering to CPCB Norms. Proper maintenance of Boiler & DG Set.

Construction Phase

Construction Staff water requirement

Minor volume of water required as there is no major constructions

Drinking water shall be purchased from market by tankers/ MIDC.

Water Operation Phase

Process & Domestic

Minor Strain on the water supply of MIDC

By MIDC supply. The rest will be made up by proponents by with proper treatment & reuse of waste water

Use of existing structure of KASA Textile

Very minor construction work carried out.

Debris : N.A. Wood : N.A. Steel : Some angles & channels will be used for barricading site/ sold to scrap dealer Stone : N.A

Soil

Pre Construction Phase

Construction Debris and Earth material

Pollution due to mixing of concrete with soil

Very small amount of Concrete and


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such debris should be stored in a container or separate location within the site and finally sent to disposal site.

Transportation of hazardous material

Hazardous chemicals from accidental spills polluting surface water body nearby.

Transportation of hazardous material and storage as per H.W. Rule 2008.

Residual Paints/Solvents / Bituminous materials

Contamination of soil Shall be given to authorized recyclers /site. Bituminous materials /any other chemicals shall not be allowed to leach into the soil.

Machinery maintenance / operation

Oil Spillage, Scrap parts of machines

Most of the machines operating on the site will be electricity operated. Oil trays will be kept below all potential oil spillage points and oil shall be collected in


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trays and given to authorized recyclers/ sites.

Operation

Soil contamination due to surface run off/Oil & grease dripping form vehicles

Oil & grease traps shall be installed on sewers and S.W.D. discharge points in to Municipal sewers and drains. The sludge collected from Oil separators should be disposed authorized dumping sites.

Solid Waste generation

Improper disposal of plastic waste and sludge of treatment plants can cause environmental hazards.

All the solid waste generated should be separated at the source & disposed by authorized agent. The sludge generated by the Effluent Treatment Plant sent to the authorized disposal facility..

Operation Phase

Transportation of hazardous

Hazardous chemicals from accidental spill

Transportation of hazardous


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material material and storage as per H.W. Rule 2008.

Even after taking precautions if soil is found to be contaminated, it shall be removed and disposed off to authorized site.

Construction of structures and earth work.

Minor construction work carried out which is not affected to flora or fauna.

Machines and vehicles should be maintained well to keep their noise at a minimum Construction

Phase Transportation of hazardous materials

Loss of vegetation from chemical spills

Proper storage & handing of raw & finished product also hazardous chemicals

Ecology

Operation Phase Operation

Increase exposure to anthropogenic activities.

Enactment and enforcement of laws regulating human intrusions.


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ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN

S.N. Activity / Area Pollutant Pollutant Characteristics Frequency Frequency of Monitoring

CONSTRUCTION PHASE Air emissions – PM2.5, PM10, CO, NOX, SO2

Dust from construction activities and excavation. Particulates, NOX, and CO from vehicle exhaust

Temporary during construction phase only bulk of the emissions are expected from ground working and leveling activities.

As and when required

Earth / solid waste Solid waste from construction activity and excavation

N.A. -

1. Minor construction work

Noise Noise generated from construction activity.

Temporary during minor construction phase

As & when required

OPERATION NOISE

1. Vehicular movement

Air emissions and noise

Vehicle exhaust emissions Continuous / Periodic Periodic monitoring of vehicles.

Air emissions SO2, NOX, TPM, CO from fuel burning, Acid mist, fugitive emission

Intermittent / Periodic Once in Month 2. Diesel power Generators, Boiler, Scrubber

Noise Noise due to running of equipment

Intermittent / periodic Once in Month

3. Effluent treatment Plant All parameters

Treated effluent used for horticulture flushing and cooling towers evaporation losses.

Continuous Daily


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4. Storm water drains

Wastewater Discharge from site-Mainly suspended solids.

During rainy season Periodic maintenance.

5. H.W. H.W. H.W. characteristics Disposal within 90 days As per H.W. Rule.


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SOCIO ECONOMIC COMMITMENTS

Contribution toward Health:

Donation to hospital for free treatment of tribal community/Villagers.

Blood donation camp help employees in emergency.

Contribution to Education:

Donation for education facility for poor children in near by village.

Conducting awareness /Training programme for surrounding workers.

Poster campaign for reduce water, Electricity, Fossil Fuel, Garbage& use of plastic also on Plastic

Awareness for Intoxicant

Responsibility towards employees:

Business needs employees or workers to work for it. These employees put their best effort for the benefit of the business. So it is the prime responsibility of every business to take care of the interest of their employees. If the employees are satisfied and efficient, then the only business can be successful. The responsibilities of business towards its employees include:


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A. Timely and regular payment of wages and salaries.

B. Proper working conditions and welfare amenities.

C. Opportunity for better career prospects.

D. Job security as well as social security like facilities of provident fund, group

insurance, etc.

F Better living conditions like housing, transport, canteen, crèches etc.

G. Timely training and development.


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CCHHAAPPTTEERR VVIIII RRIISSKK

AASSSSEESSSSMMEENNTT AANNDD DDIISSAASSTTEERR MMAANNAAGGEEMMEENNTT

PPLLAANN


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7 RISK ASSESSMENT AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN

7.1 Risk Assessment The Environmental risks are inherent in operation of any industry, or any human activity for that matter. Any system failure can lead to disaster.

Risk is posed by (1) Dust in various operational steps and (2) Fuel, which here is in the form of power and LDO.

Dust is generated in many steps from raw material handling, transfer, heating, cooling, transporting out and waste treatment. In order to reduce this risk, steps like capturing the same, conveying through ducts, and controlling by cyclones Arrestors are attempted. Conveying by smooth internal roads, watering the roads, regular and quick sweeping and monitoring the efforts, are the minimum actions to be taken.

Fuel can give rise to one Risk, namely Fire. As full fire protection and extinguishing gadgets are provided, any risk from fuel stands automatically covered. All motors are kept TEFC (totally enclosed fan cooled). Temperature and Carbon Monoxide control is undertaken by arranging carbon dioxide correct percent. This minimizes the Risk to a very great extent.

Vehicles bringing in the materials are run at slow speed. It is neatly tied and secured to the vehicles. Guards patrol the entire length, throughout day and night. There is no public traffic here and warning signals are painted on boards.

For other raw materials, it is a policy to bring the same in small doses and in closed containers. If sundry raw material comes in bags, hooks and other sharp equipment is not to be used on bags or unit loads. Cranes, tackles and forklift trucks are used for unloading and loading.

Before storage all units are to be inspected for cleanliness and for damage.

All bags are to be stacked on pallets. All damaged bags are to be repaired. a second impermeable bag which would be sealed properly and kept separately for use.


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Dyke walls, smooth sloping floors provided around storage tanks.

7.1.1 Stocking at work place, loading and maintenance of floor area

The raw materials are to be placed very near to the feeding point.

House keeping is most important of all dust control methods.

Simply cleaning of all possible emission sources as quickly as possible.

7.1.2 Work Environment

Dust and Heat free work environment is maintained in view of workers’ safety, Health and Hygiene. The efforts taken in this respect are

# Source Attenuation by

1. Plant Avoided by adopting good foundation, good alignment, well lubricated.

2. Generators Fitted enclosure and tall stack

3. Vibrations Proper sturdy foundation provided for all the machines and equipments to avoid fugitive escapes.

4 Fumes Closed, covered and carried through ducts

Table No. 7.1 Work Environment Care.


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Risk assessment for Monomer Industries Pvt. Ltd.

Risk assessment of following product

Introduction

A risk assessment can help you organise and manage risks in three stages:

1. Identifying underlining hazards

2. logically determining the risk of harm

3. Considering what could be done to reduce or eliminate that risk

A main principle of risk assessments is they should take place before any changes are made. Risks should be assessed and control measures put into action before new work is introduced or systems are changed. The process should influence budgets and allocation of resources, rather than being an afterthought when the decisions have already been made.

Risk assessment overview

The regulation of tasks in schools and services means mainly managers are responsible for ensuring risk assessments are in place. They must ensure suitable and sufficient risk assessments are carried out and regularly reviewed, and that records are kept for work in their areas of responsibility.

Risk assessments must be carried out for all work that includes significant risks.

Every two years as a minimum

Immediately following a serious incident or where there is reason to suspect it is no longer valid.


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Protective and preventative measures

Control measures can be preventative (to prevent the hazard arising in the first place) or protective (to protect employees from existing hazards). Of course, measures identified in the risk assessment must be put into action if the process is to have any value.

The choice of control should be guided by the hierarchy of risk control principles:

1. Elimination

2. Substitution

3. Isolation

4. Reduction

5. Information, instruction, training and supervision

6. Personal protective equipment.

In the event of an accident or incident, the relevant risk assessments will be scrutinized.

Identify common assessments, allowing best practice to be shared through a consistent approach and easy exchange of information

• Highlight areas that still require assessment

• Highlight assessments that are due for review

Some of these specific risks may be included in a general risk assessment, for example manual handling and fire may be identified in a general office risk assessment.

Process

Plan the process

Identify the Hazards

Identify the Risks

Risk Evaluation

Quantification & Methodlogy


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Severity Chart 1.A

Hazard Severity

Definition Points rating

Very high Causing multiple deaths and widespread destruction eg. fire, building collapse.

5

High Causing death, serious injury or permanent disability to an individual.

4

Moderate Temporary disability causing injury or disease capable of keeping an individual off work for three days or more and reportable under RIDDOR

(Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 1995).

3

Slight Minor injury, which would allow the individual to continue work after first aid treatment on site or at a local surgery. The duration of the stoppage or treatment is such that the normal flow of work is not seriously interrupted.

2

Nil Very minor injury, bruise, graze, no risk of disease.

1

The Hierarchy of control

Control measures identified by the risk assessment, whether protective or preventative, must be implemented in line with the following hierarchy of control. In many cases a combination of control measures will be needed.


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• Elimination - is it possible to avoid the risk altogether? (eg. requesting a delivery service to an office instead of reception to prevent staff from manual handling.)

• Substitution - change the way you do the work, but take care not to introduce new risks (eg. using a safer chemical).

• Isolation - combat risks at the source and prevent access to the hazard (eg. guarding machinery).

• Reduction - reduce the number of employees at risk or reduce the extent of exposure.

• Use information (written procedures, safe systems of work), instruction, training and supervision - ensure employees understand what they must do and when, how they must do it and what activities are prohibited.

• Use personal protective equipment, but only as the last resort and only after all other measures have been implemented.

1. RISK ASSEMENT FOR PHTHALOGEN BLUE IBN-

1.1 Procedure in chronological order

COPC- (Cobalt Phthalocyanine Blue)

Stage 1

1. In Glasslined Reactor charge solvent Nitrobenzene Qty – 2000 ltrs by pump from receiver., Charge Cobalt Sulfate (Qty – 231 kgs.). manually through man hole qty – 231 kgs.). Evaporate water by circulating hot oil though jacket from nitrobenzene & cobalt sulfate at 1100c for 2 hrs. Then charge Phthalic Anhydride (Qty – 500 kgs). Carbamide Qty – 825 kgs. and Ammonium Molybdate. Qty – 5kgs. Raise temp. to1950c by circulating hot oil though jacket slowly within 12 to 14 hrs.


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Maintain temp. 1920c to 1980c for 6 hrs. Ammonia evolved in reaction is scrubbed in ammonia scrubbing tower.– MS Scrubber with blower and condenser with water circulation by pump.

2. After Completion of Reaction, discharge material slurry in Rotary Vaccum Dryer by vacuum. Dry slurry at 1400c under vacuum & recover solvent (Nitrobenzene) in receivers about 99 to 100%

(If Vacuum system fails stop oil circulation heating, indication – provided vacuum gauge.

If temperature system fails stop hot oil circulation immediately, indication – provided temperature indicator.

If rotation of dryer fails stop hot oil circulation, indication – ammeter provided to check inside load.)

3. Then discharge dry powder manually through bottom valve) in drums and purify it with 5% H2SO4 Qty – 300 kgs. In 6000 ltrs. water solution in MSRL full name – MS Rubber line. Reactor by steam heating – live steam at 900c.)

1. Water

2. powder

3. sulphuric acid

4. heating

4. Filter material in the Filter Press, give hot water (temp – 70 to 75 deg. C) washing till PH is 6 to 7. Discharge cake and dry the cake obtained in Spin Flash Dryer. – by auto temp. control system dryer with conical shape) & hot air generated by using hot oil circulation)


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Stage 2

Chlorination:

(Chlorine stored in cylinders ,rate of passing – 15 to 20 kgs. Per hour)

1. Charge above dry powder in Glass lined reactor containing O.D.C.B. (Ortho Di chloro Benzene)- for chlorination.

2. After chlorination, excess chlorine is removed by giving air in reactor.& same chlorine is scrubbed in scrubbing tower containing alkaline water solution.

3. After chlorination transfer by gravity to RVD back to RVD by vacuum for drying at1400c under vacuum. Recover ODCB solvent in receivers about 99-100%.

4. Chloro compound of Cobalt Phthalocyanine (CoPcl))is form.

5. Then Discharge dry powder in drums.

Stage 3

Amination:

1. harge manually above chlorinated dry powder (CoPcl – 650 kgs.) in SS Kettle containing methanol (mode of addition – methanol taken by through pump from receiver) (Qty – 1800 ltrs.) Make slurry.

2. Then charge DAPA (Di Methyl Amino Propyl Amine) in above slurry.

3. Then heat ( at temp – 65 to 68 deg. C) it with steam to reflux to recover the solvent (Methanol) (Qty – 200 ltrs.) in receiver.

4. After completing reaction, discharge slurry in) centrifuge by gravity for filtration.

5. Discharge cake from centrifuge manually dry it in drayer by using steam generated through boiler) at temp. 800c to 900c.

6. Then pulverize (particle size – 25 to 40 micron) & analysis report & standardize in blender.(blending)


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7. Then pack as per requirement.– packed as Phthalogen Blue IBN in 25 kgs. Drums or boxes

1.2 Identification of risk

COPC- (Cobalt Phthalocyanine Blue)

Stage 1

1. In Glasslined Reactor charge solvent Nitrobenzene Qty – 2000 ltrs by pump from receiver. Charge Cobalt Sulfate (Qty – 231 kgs.). manually through man hole .

Risk Analysis Table no 1.1 for Nitrobenzene

Risk: Carcinogenic effect, TERATOGENIC EFFECTS, DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY:

Consequences:

Very hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant), of eye contact (irritant), of inhalation. Hazardous in case of skin contact (permeator). substance is toxic to blood, kidneys, lungs, liver, mucous membranes.

To avoid human inhalation oxgen berthing apparatus to given to charge-man

Precautions: Personal Protective Equipment during handing, Awareness & training for safety precaution, Addition is done by suction pump

Conclusion:

In case of severity person is to be taken to nearest Doctor along with MSDS & 5ml Methyle Blue is to be administered & subsequent treatment by symptomatically

It comes under HIGH SEVERITY (refer severity chart 1.A)

Evaporate water by circulating hot oil though jacket from nitrobenzene & cobalt sulfate at 1100c for 2 hrs. Then charge Phthalic Anhydride (Qty – 500 kgs). Carbamide Qty – 825 kgs. and Ammonium Molybdate. Qty – 5kgs. Raise temp. to1950c by circulating hot oil though jacket slowly within 12 to 14 hrs.


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Maintain temp. 1920c to 1980c for 6 hrs. Ammonia evolved in reaction is scrubbed in ammonia scrubbing tower.– MS Scrubber with blower and condenser with water circulation by pump.


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COBALT PHTHALOCYANINE BLUE

Fire Fighting Measures

General Information: As in any fire, wear a self-contained breathing apparatus in pressure-demand, MSHA/NIOSH (approved or equivalent), and full protective gear. During a fire, irritating and highly toxic gases may be generated by thermal decomposition or combustion. Vapors may be heavier than air. They can spread along the ground and collect in low or confined areas. Extinguishing Media: Use water spray, dry chemical, carbon dioxide, or appropriate foam. Accidental Release Measures

General Information: Use proper personal protective equipment

Spills/Leaks: Clean up spills immediately, observing precautions in the Protective Equipment section. Sweep up or absorb material, then place into a suitable clean, dry, closed container for disposal. Avoid generating dusty conditions. Provide ventilation.

Handling and Storage

Handling: Wash thoroughly after handling. Remove contaminated clothing and wash before reuse. Use only in a well-ventilated area. Minimize dust generation and accumulation. Avoid contact with eyes, skin, and clothing. Keep container tightly closed. Avoid ingestion and inhalation. Storage: Store in a tightly closed container. Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible substances.

Exposure Controls, Personal Protection

Engineering Controls: Use adequate ventilation to keep airborne concentrations low. Use adequate general or local exhaust ventilation to keep airborne concentrations below the permissible exposure limits.

Risk Analysis Table no 1.2 for Temperature

Risk: Increase in temperature beyond design temperature

Consequences: No major consequences is anticipated


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Precautions:

Temperature sensor with alarm, Hot oil circulation system is to be Cut off.

Regular cross checking by Thermocouple.

Conclusion:

Since reaction is carried out normal pressure, proper temperature control is sufficient to avoid any runaway reaction.

It comes under SLIGHT SEVERITY (refer severity chart 1.A)

2. After Completion of Reaction, discharge material slurry in Rotary Vaccum Dryer by vacuum. Dry slurry at 1400c under vacuum & recover solvent (Nitrobenzene) in receivers about 99 to 100%

(If Vacuum system fails stop oil circulation heating, indication – provided vacuum gauge.

If rotation of dryer fails stop hot oil circulation, indication – ammeter provided to check inside load.).

Risk Analysis Table no 1.3 for Rotary Vaccum Dryer

Risk: Rotation of (RVD)dryer fails

Consequences: No serious consequences

Precautions: Manually observation & immediate stop the heating if rotation stops, Material is to be unloaded in drums through bottom valve after cooing.

Conclusion:

Nothing specific


Refer Risk Analysis Table no 1.1 For Nitrobenzene.

Refer risk Analysis Table no 1.2 for Temperature.


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3. Then discharge dry powder manually through bottom valve) in drums and purify it with 5% H2SO4 Qty – 300 kgs. In 6000 ltrs. water solution in MSRL ( MS Rubber line Reactor) by steam heating (live steam at 900c.)

Refer Risk Analysis Table no 1.2 For Temperature

4. Filter material in the Filter Press, give hot water (temp – 70 to 75 deg. C) washing till PH is 6 to 7. Discharge cake and dry the cake obtained in Spin Flash Dryer. ( by auto temp. control system dryer with conical shape) & hot air generated by using hot oil circulation)

Refer Risk Analysis Table no 1.2 For Temperature

Stage 2

Chlorination:

(Chlorine stored in cylinders ,rate of passing – 15 to 20 kgs. Per hour)

Risk Analysis Table no 1.4 for Chlorine Gas

Risk: Leakage of chlorine gas during use or storage

Consequences: Harmful in inhalation, Respiratory track, shin, eyes burning, Chest Pain

Precautions:

Provide chlorine leakage alarm, Provide local exhaust or process enclosure system, Personal protective equipment & Respirators. In case minor leakage soda ash or bicarbonate solution is to be spared through mechanical equipment at reaction site. In case of Major leakage avoid contact with combustible materials, Contact nearest emergency commissions.

Online Flow meter with alarm system is to be Provided.


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Conclusion:

Special attention is to be provided for avoid leakage, during entire course of reaction.

It comes under HIGH SEVERITY (refer severity chart 1.A)

6. Charge above dry powder in Glass lined reactor containing O.D.C.B. (Ortho Di chloro Benzene)- for chlorination.

7. After chlorination, excess chlorine is removed by giving air in reactor.& same chlorine is scrubbed in scrubbing tower containing alkaline water solution.

8. After chlorination transfer by gravity to RVD back to RVD by vacuum for drying at1400c under vacuum. Recover ODCB solvent in receivers about 99-100%.

9. Chloro compound of Cobalt Phthalocyanine (CoPcl))is form.

10. Then Discharge dry powder in drums.

FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES

FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARDS: Negligible fire hazard. Oxidizer. May ignite or explode on contact with combustible materials.

EXTINGUISHING MEDIA: water

Do not use dry chemicals, carbon dioxide or halogenated extinguishing agents. Large fires: Flood with fine water spray.

FIRE FIGHTING: Move container from fire area if it can be done without risk. Cool containers with water spray until well after the fire is out. Stay away from the ends of tanks. For fires in cargo or storage area: If this is impossible then take the following precautions: Keep unnecessary people away, isolate hazard area and deny entry. Let the fire burn. For small fires, contain and let burn. Use extinguishing agents appropriate for surrounding fire. Cool containers with water spray until well after the fire is out. Apply water from a protected location or from a safe distance. Avoid inhalation of material or combustion by-products. Stay upwind and keep out of low areas. Evacuation radius: 800 meters (1/2 mile).

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES


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AIR RELEASE:

Reduce vapors with water spray. Collect runoff for disposal as potential hazardous waste.

SOIL RELEASE:

Dig holding area such as lagoon, pond or pit for containment. Dike for later disposal. Trap spilled material at bottom in deep water pockets, excavated holding areas or within sand bag barriers. Absorb with sand or other non-combustible material. Add an alkaline material (lime, crushed limestone, sodium bicarbonate, or soda ash).

WATER RELEASE:

Add an alkaline material (lime, crushed limestone, sodium bicarbonate, or soda ash). Absorb with activated carbon. Collect spilled material using mechanical equipment.

OCCUPATIONAL RELEASE:

Stop leak if possible without personal risk. Avoid contact with combustible materials. Keep unnecessary people away, isolate hazard area and deny entry. Ventilate closed spaces before entering.

HANDLING AND STORAGE

STORAGE: Store and handle in accordance with all current regulations and standards. Protect from physical damage. Keep separated from incompatible substances. Store outside or in a detached building.

EXPOSURE CONTROLS, PERSONAL PROTECTION

EXPOSURE LIMITS:

CHLORINE:

1 ppm (3 mg/m3) OSHA ceiling

0.5 ppm (1.5 mg/m3) OSHA TWA (vacated by 58 FR 35338, June 30, 1993)

1 ppm (3 mg/m3) OSHA STEL (vacated by 58 FR 35338, June 30, 1993)

0.5 ppm ACGIH TWA

1 ppm ACGIH STEL


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0.5 ppm (1.45 mg/m3) NIOSH recommended ceiling 15 minute(s)

VENTILATION: Provide local exhaust or process enclosure ventilation system. Ensure compliance with applicable exposure limits.

EYE PROTECTION: Wear splash resistant safety goggles with a faceshield. Provide an emergency eye wash fountain and quick drench shower in the immediate work area.

CLOTHING: Wear appropriate chemical resistant clothing.

GLOVES: Wear appropriate chemical resistant gloves.

RESPIRATOR: The following respirators and maximum use concentrations are drawn from NIOSH and/or OSHA.

5 ppm

1. Any chemical cartridge respirator with cartridge(s) providing protection against this substance.

2. Any supplied-air respirator.

10 ppm

1. Any supplied-air respirator operated in a continuous-flow mode.

2. Any powered, air-purifying respirator with cartridge(s) providing protection against this substance.

3. Any chemical cartridge respirator with a full facepiece and cartridge(s) providing protection against this substance.

4. Any air-purifying respirator with a full facepiece and a canister providing protection against this substance.

5. Any self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece.

6. Any supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece.

Escape -

1. Any air-purifying respirator with a full facepiece and a canister providing protection against this substance.


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2. Any appropriate escape-type, self-contained breathing apparatus.

For Unknown Concentrations or Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health -

1. Any supplied-air respirator with full facepiece and operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode in combination with a separate escape supply.

2. Any self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece.

Risk Analysis Table no 1.5 for ODCB (Ortho Di chloro Benzene)

Risk: Toxic effect observe after expose to human

Consequences: Minor irritation use plenty of water, Prolonged exposure cause immediately admit in nearest hospital for symptomatical treatment.

Precautions: Personal Protective Equipment during handing, Awareness & training for safety precaution.

Conclusion: It comes under SLIGHT SEVERITY (refer severity chart 1.A)

Refer risk Analysis Table no 1.2 for Temperature

Refer Risk Analysis Table no 1.3 for Rotary Vaccum Dryer

Stage 2

Amination:

1. Charge manually above chlorinated dry powder (CoPcl – 650 kgs.) in SS Kettle containing methanol (Qty – 1800 ltrs.) which taken by through pump from receiver, Earthing system provided for pump & reactor Make slurry.

2. Then charge DAPA (Di Methyl Amino Propyl Amine) in above slurry.


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3. Then heat ( at temp – 65 to 68 deg. C) it with steam to reflux to recover the solvent (Methanol) (Qty – 200 ltrs.) in receiver.

4. After completing reaction, discharge slurry in) centrifuge (earthling provided to it) by gravity for filtration.

5. Discharge cake from centrifuge manually with personal protective equipments, dry it in drayer by using steam generated through boiler) at temp. 800c to 900c.

6. Then pulverize (particle size – 25 to 40 micron) & analysis report & standardize in blender.(blending)

7. Then pack as per requirement.– packed as Phthalogen Blue IBN in 25 kgs. Drums or boxes.

• ORTHO DI CHLORO BENZENE

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES

Small Spill: Absorb with an inert material and put the spilled material in an appropriate waste disposal.

Large Spill:

1. Combustible material. Keep away from heat.

2. Keep away from sources of ignition.

3. Stop leak if without risk.

4. Be careful that the product is not present at a concentration level above TLV.

5. Check TLV on the MSDS and with local authorities.

Handling and Storage

Precautions:

1. Keep away from heat. Keep away from sources of ignition. Ground all equipment containing material. Do not ingest.

2. Do not breathe gas/fumes/ vapour/spray.


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3. In case of insufficient ventilation, wear suitable respiratory equipment If ingested, seek medical advice immediately and show the container or the label. Avoid contact with skin and eyes

Storage:

1. Flammable materials should be stored in a separate safety storage cabinet or room. Keep away from heat.

2. Keep away from sources of ignition.

3. Keep container tightly closed.

4. Keep in a cool, well-ventilated place.

5. Ground all equipment containing material. Keep container dry. Keep in a cool place.

Exposure Controls/Personal Protection

Engineering Controls:

1. Provide exhaust ventilation or other engineering controls to keep the airborne concentrations of vapors below their respective threshold limit value.

2. Ensure that eyewash stations and safety showers are proximal to the work-station location.

Personal Protection:

1. Splash goggles. Lab coat. Vapor respirator.

2. Be sure to use an approved/certified respirator or equivalent. Gloves.

Personal Protection in Case of a Large Spill:

1. Splash goggles. Full suit. Vapor respirator.

2. Boots. Gloves.

3. A self contained breathing apparatus should be used to avoid inhalation of the product.


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4. Suggested protective clothing might not be sufficient; consult a specialist BEFORE handling this product.

2. RISK ASSESSMENT OF FAST BLUE B BASE

FAST BLUE B BASE

1. In SS 10 KL reactor, take methanol (3000 kgs.)& charge caustic flakes (800 kgs.) slowly (Reaction is exothermic) under stirring (auto) machinery)in 8 to 10 hrs. at 450c to 500c under jacketed cooling & under reflux. Close manhole.

2.

Risk Analysis Table no 1.6 for Methanol

Risk: Leakage of methanol during use or storage.

Consequences: Inhalation of Irritation to mucous membrane, sleepiness, after prolong expose to methanol brain disorder, Flammable.

Precautions:

Provide no smoking & good ventilation with respect to engineering standards

Reactor is provided with cooling condenser whose when is scrubbed in cool water. Reactor & manhole are to be earthed properly to avoid any possibility of ignition/fire. Use of personal protective equipment at time of handing, Concentrations of greater that 25% methanol in water can be ignited. Use fine water spray or fog to control fire spread and cool adjacent structures or containers.

Conclusion: Special attention is to provided for avoid leakage, during entire course of reaction. It comes under HIGH SEVERITY (refer severity chart 1.A)

Refer Risk Analysis Table no 1.2 for Temperature


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3. Stirr to make uniform slurry for 3 -4 hrs

4. Open the reactor manhole check pH through dipstick arrangement 13.8 to 14.0 & charge Dichlone (2,3 Dichloro 1,4 naphthoquinone (25 kgs.)

5. Closed the reactor stirr to make uniform slurry for 1 hrs at 450 c – 500C Under reflux.

6. Then Heat to 60 0C slowly & stir for 1hour at 60 0C

Under reflux.

Risk Analysis Table no 1.7 for Highly basic chemical( High Ph-14)

Risk: Spillage of Highly basic chemical

during process

Consequences:

Very hazardous in case of skin contact (corrosive, irritant, permeator), of eye contact (irritant, corrosive), of ingestion, of inhalation. The amount of tissue damage depends on length of contact. Eye contact can result in corneal damage or blindness. Repeated exposure of the eyes to a low level of dust can produce eye irritation. Repeated skin exposure can produce local skin destruction, or dermatitis.

Precautions:

Keep container dry. Do not breathe dust. Never add water to this product. In case of insufficient ventilation, wear suitable respiratory equipment. If you feel unwell, seek medical attention and show the label when possible. Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Keep away from incompatibles such as oxidizing agents, reducing agents, metals, acids, alkalis, moisture. Storage: Keep container tightly closed. Keep container in a cool, well-ventilated area. Do not store above 23°C (73.4°F).

Conclusion:

Special attention is to provided for avoid leakage, during entire course of reaction. After Spill:Use appropriate tools to put the spilled solid in a convenient waste disposal container (disposed to CHWTDS). If necessary: Neutralize the residue with a dilute solution of acetic acid.

It comes under VERY HIGH SEVERITY (refer severity chart 1.A)


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Risk Analysis Table no 1.8 for 2,3-Dichloro-1,4-Naphthoquinone

Risk: Direct contact with skin, Eyes & ingestion in digestive tract

during process & handing

Consequences: In case of skin contact irritant, , eye contact irritant, Harmful if swallowed. May cause severe irritation of the digestive tract.

Precautions:

Use only in a well-ventilated area. Minimize dust generation and accumulation. Avoid contact with eyes, skin, and clothing. Avoid ingestion and inhalation by personal protective equipments. Facilities storing or utilizing this material should be equipped with an eyewash facility and a safety shower

Conclusion:

Store in a cool, dry place. Do not store in direct sunlight. Store in a tightly closed container.


6 Then charge ONA (ortho nitro anilsole- NO2-C6-H4-OCH3) (1250 kgs.) in 8-10 hour

slowly at 600C -650C.under reflux.

7 Stir for further 1 hour.

8 Heat to 68-70 0C in 1to 1 ½hour.

9 Maintain tem 68-70 0C for 12 hour under reflux.

Risk Analysis Table no 2.0 for {4-}Nitroanisole

Risk: Spread in working place during process & handing

Consequences: In case of skin contact hazardous, eye contact irritant, The substance may be toxic to blood, kidneys, live.

Precautions:

Keep away from heat. Keep away from sources of ignition. Ground all equipment containing material. Do not ingest. Do not breathe dust. Wear suitable protective clothing. In case of insufficient ventilation, wear suitable respiratory equipment. If ingested, seek medical advice


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immediately and show the container or the label. Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Keep away.from incompatibles such as oxidizing agents. Use of personal protective equipment.

Conclusion:

Store in a cool, dry place. Do not store in direct sunlight. Store in a tightly closed container.


10. Cool to 60 0C & open the manhole& charge Dichlone (manually (25 kgs.)

& closed the Manhole & stir for 1hour.under reflux. at 60 0C.

11. Then Charge Formaldehyde though measuring vessel (630 kgs.) slowly in 8 to 10 Hours at 60 to 65 0C under Reflux. and stir for 1 hours under Reflux.

Risk Analysis Table no 2.1 for Formaldehyde

Risk: Spillage occurs during process & handing

Consequences:

Very hazardous in case of eye contact (irritant), of ingestion, . Hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant, sensitizer, permeator), of eye contact (corrosive). Slightly hazardous in case of skin contact (corrosive). Severe over-exposure can result in death. Inflammation of the eye is characterized by redness, watering, and itching.

Precautions:

Keep away from heat. Keep away from sources of ignition. Ground all equipment containing material. Do not ingest. Do not breathe gas/fumes/ vapor/spray. In case of insufficient ventilation, wear suitable respiratory equipment. If ingested, seek medical advice immediately and show the container or the label. Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Keep away from incompatibles such as oxidizing agents, reducing agents, acids, alkalis, moisture.

Conclusion:

Store in a segregated and approved area. Keep container in a cool, well-ventilated area. Keep container tightly closed and sealed until ready for use. Avoid all possible sources of ignition (spark or flame).


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It comes under MODERATE SEVERITY (refer severity chart 1.A)

12. Then Heat to 68 to 70 0C slowly in 1 – 1 ½ Hours. and maintain temperature 68 to 70 0C for 12 hours under Reflux.

13. Cool to 27 to 30 0C through jacketed cooling by using cooling water from cooling tower.

14. Filtered in Nutch, Methanol (95 %) with proper earthing.

Refer Risk Analysis Table no 1.6 for Methanol

Collected in distillation Tank and after distillation reused for Next batch. ( Distillation at 65 to 68 0C). W/C(wet-cake) washing in nutch by water to be done.

15. In HDPE 15 KL Vessel Charge Ice and Sulfuric acid through measuring vessel – 1500 kgs. of ( 70 % )at 0 0C. and Charge Thiourea manually, 25 kgs. and stir for 15 min.

Risk Analysis Table no 2.2 for HCL (Acidic)

Risk: Spillage of HCL in storage area or process

Consequences:

Very hazardous in case of skin contact (corrosive, irritant, permeator), of eye contact (irritant, corrosive), of ingestion, . Slightly hazardous in case of inhalation (lung sensitizer). Non-corrosive for lungs. Liquid or spray mist may produce tissue damage particularly on mucous membranes of eyes, mouth and respiratory tract. In case of contact, immediately flush skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing and shoes.

Precautions:

Engineering Controls:Use process enclosures, local exhaust ventilation, or other engineering controls to keep airborne levels below recommended. Exposure limits. If user operations generate dust, fume or mist, use ventilation to keep exposure to airborne


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contaminantsbelow the exposure limit.Personal Protection:Splash goggles. Lab coat. Dust respirator. Be sure to use an approved/certified respirator or equivalent. Gloves.

If spillage occurs, than water spread on spillage & waste water is neutralized.

Conclusion:

Store in a DEMARK AREA cool, dry place. SPRED AWARE OF HAZARDS OF HCL TO ALL EMPLYEE.

It comes under VERY HIGH SEVERITY (refer severity chart 1.A)

16. Charge w/c –wet cake of stage no. 14 from Nutch (MSRL – 48 inch) in 1 Hour at 0 0C. by using Ice Cube at <Ph 1.0

Refer Risk Analysis Table no 2.2 for HCL (Acidic).

17. Stirr for 2 Hours Temp. Observed 27 to 30 0C.

18. Heat to 60 0C slowly in 2 Hours and maintain for 2 hours

19. Charge HCL (30 %) manually through 50 kgs. carbouy, 35 to 40 deg., 500 kgs stirr for 2 Hours .

20. Charge 10 % salt of Volume of Reaction mass in ½ Hours. and stirr for 6 to 7 Hours.

21. Filtered Reaction Mass by using Centrifuge, SS 48 inch cap. Wet Cake suck dry and Unload.

22. In other reactor HDPE (15 KL) take water and charge WetCake under stirring to make Uniform Slurry.

23. Charge Soda Ash (solution )manually 475 kgs. Qty Slowly in 5 to 6 Hours. Controlling Foam by using n.Octonal 3 to 5 kgs. QTY till pH 9, maintain pH 9.0 under stirring for 6 Hours. & filtered by using Centrifuge W/C suck & dry 50 to 55 0C and Unload.


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Risk Analysis Table no 2.3for n-octanol

Risk: Leakage of methanol during use or storage.

Consequences: Vapour or mist can cause irritation of the upper respiratory tract, headache, nausea and vomiting, drowziness, dizziness, loss of coordination, CNS depression.

Precautions:

Engineering Controls: Local exhaust ventilation required. Respiratory Protection: Dust/mist mask. NIOSH/OSHAapproved supplied-air respirator for concentrations up to1000 ppm. Positive pressure, full face-piece self-contained breathing apparatus for higher or unknown concentrations, or for fire or spill conditions.

Conclusion: Nothing specific.


Then unloaded material is charged in blender for standardization and blend as per required strength and then unload in 25 kgs. Drums or bags meaning, (particle size – 40 – 60 mesh approx.) & pack For Dispatched.

Risk Analysis Table no 2.4 for Fast blue B Base

Risk: Hazardous in case of ingestion.

Consequences: Slightly hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant), of eye contact (irritant), of inhalation. Headache

Precautions: No known effect on eye contact, rinse with water for a few minutes. Inhalation: Allow the victim to rest in a well ventilated area. Seek immediate medical attention. Seek immediate medical attention.

Conclusion: Nothing specific.



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7.2 DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN Disaster Management Plan (DMP) will consider all the factors responsible for management of any small or big disaster. Emergency prevention through good design, operation, maintenance and inspection are essential to reduce the probability of occurance.However, certain operation & practices may lead to unwarranted situation wherein disaster scenario can emerge. The DMP, therefore, addresses to mitigate the effects of such situation with a view to bring restoration of normality at the earliest.

The overall objective e of a disaster management plan is to make use of the combined resources at the site and outside services to achieve the following:

To localize the emergency and if possible eliminate it.

To minimize the effects of the accident on people and property.

Effect the rescue and medical treatment of casualties;

Safeguard other people, outside the project boundary;

Evacuated people to safe areas;

Inform and collaborate with statutory local and state authorities;

Provide credible information to news media;

Initially contain and ultimately bring the incident under control;

Preserve relevant records and equipment for the subsequent enquiry into the cause and circumstances of the emergency;

Investigate and take steps to prevent recurrences of similar incidents.

The DMP, therefore need to be related to the identification of sources from which hazards can arise and the maximum credible loss scenario that can take place in the concerned area.

The plan takes into accounts the maximum credible loss scenario. The actions that can successfully mitigate the effects of losses/ emergency need to be planned in a way that it would require less effort and resources to control and tackle emergencies.


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7.1.3 Activation of the Plan

Before the site becomes operational with any of the planned activities, a systematic organization structure shall be in place. At the initial stages, the fire organization chart facility specific which shall be prepared. The main incident controller will need to activate the on-site plan at the appropriate stage and when it as necessary. During idle shift/holidays, the security personnel will combat the incident a per the fire organization chart and at the same time inform various emergency controllers for guidance and control the situation. A probable organogram will be drawn once the site is operational with details of all on site and offsite personnel along with their duties and responsibilities while on duty or off duty. The contact details shall also be maintained as a contingency plan.

7.1.4 Emergency Equipment

The site controller will maintain a list of emergency handling equipment including details of fire extinguishers their validity and potency, protective clothing, and personal protective equipment for emergency handlers etc. Details of fire management services of Ambernath and details of nearby hospitals will be available with site controller in his operating checklist. The major hospitals, clinic, emergency services shall be kept in the knowledge of all concerned, especially by security personnel. An ambulance / equivalent vehicle shall always be maintained at site for only emergency issues. Fire fighting related water tank with adequate water quantity and system with fire hoses shall be kept readily available.

7.1.5 Emergency Response

Dangerous Situations

These are defined as the condition with following situation:

Any fir of explosion in the facility

Any fire in the service buildings

Fire or explosion in the boiler area


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Fire the RDF storage are/ compost

Fire drill exercise.

7.1.5.1 Actions in the Event of Fire

Extinguishing fires: A small fire at a point of leakage should be extinguished by enveloping with a water spray or a suitable smothering agent such as CO2 or DCP. Fire fighting personnel working in or close to un-ignited vapor clouds or close to fire, must be protected continuously by water sprays. Fire fighters should advance towards the fire downwind.

In case the only valve that can be used to stop the leakage is surrounded by fire, it may be possible to close it manually. He person attempting the closure should be continuously protected by water sprays, fire entry suit, water jet blanket and other suitable material. The person must be equipped with a safety belt and a manned lifeline. In case of rapid increase in decibel level of noise, evacuates the area, as there could have been over pressurization situation.

7.1.5.2 Response Sequence during Dangerous Situations

Person noticing the fire should attempt to isolate and extinguished the fire with the available equipment and inform or arrange to inform the leader/ Senior representative regarding the:

Location of the fire

Material of burning

Extent of fire

Callers Name & Number

“A proper code of communication shall be maintained wherein the caller makes sure that message has bee n convey to the right person”.


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Security or the co-coordinators will

Respond to the scene of the incident

Arrange to send the necessary fire fighting equipment to the scene of the incident

Extinguish the fire with available equipment.

Security Officer will:

Sound the siren as per the siren code

Inform the site main/ incident controller and act as per his instructions

To ensure closure of gates immediately to regular traffic in such a way that free movement of outside assistance like fire tenders, ambulance etc is available.

Security should cordon off the area and local city fire fighting staff should be

Notified. Local fire fighters may need to be notified for further assistance.

All the staff should stop their operations/ work, switch off lights, fans,

Machines etc. it should be made sure while evacuating that no one leaves

Unattended hazardous situation in their work place. All persons should

Assemble to nearest location designations for fire & hazardous situation.

7.1.5.3 Reporting and follow-up system

All Cases of fire occurrence, no matter how small, must be reported promptly

to the responsible coordinator for further action to avoided such incident.

Fire extinguishing equipment once used be should not be returned to its

Locations without it is being recharges/ certified fit by the fire chief/ safety

Manager.

All fire extinguishers after use should be laid horizontally to indicate that they


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have been exhausted.

7.1.5.4 Alarm Warning System

An electrical alarm (Siren) should be located in the main gate. An alternate system for its electrical supply should be made so that in no situation, the alarm should fail. The different can be generated by the alarm to indicate different level of warming such as:

o Small fire

o Major fire

o Emergency

o All clear ( For Fire)

o Test

In case of failure of electricity, during fire use of Hand run alarm be brought into.

7.1.5.5 Emergency Response & Coordination Centre (ERCC)

The Control room will be nominated as the ERCC. At the time of the emergency on-site controller assisted by other designated coordinators shall take position to perform their duties. The security office at the gate shall be utilized as standby. The emergency response and coordination centre will be the focal point in case of an emergency from where the overall operations to handle the emergency are directed and coordinated. It will be located outside the area of potential hazardous and easily approachable.

The emergency control Centre should have the following resources available:

Copies of the DMP

Layout plan of the complex

Information regarding safety equipment, fire fighting material

A list of telephones of key and essential staff of the company along with their

Residential numbers.

Copies of the local telephone numbers like those of neighboring industries,


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Fire brigade, hospitals etc.

Personal protective equipment

First- Aid kit

Antidots Kit

Communication equipment- internal and external telephone and other

Communication equipment

Requisite stationary items

Personnel to act as messengers.

In Addition to many of the above measures an attempt will be made to add any site specific steps %& manpower based instruction. It should be in multiple languages including “Marathi & Hindi”. The communication equipment is checked out periodically to ensure that they are functional. The ERCC should be capable of being activated within a few minutes upon declaration of an emergency.

7.1.5.6 Medical & Related Resources

The medical management for the possible emergency situations essentially consists of treatment for burns & maybe some asphyxiation cases. They should cause burns injuries. Materials safety data sheets and other relevant information would also be available at the facility to enable ready treatment of any casualty, should the unfortunate need arise. It is also proposed to circulate any import health and toxicology material available through the latest research to all doctors & medical professionals.

7.1.5.7 Response Evaluation ,Testing & Updating of the plan

Formulation of a “Disaster Management Plan “cannot possible be an itself. It needs to be tested by holding of periodical mock emergency simulation and drill. Any shortcomings revealed during such exercise should thereafter be corrected by amending the plan. The plan should be for future; hence, it must be reviewed at periodic intervals. He plan should be also reviewed and updated when:

Major alteration or extension of plant is carried out.

Major change in habitation or land use of the neighborhood takes place.


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Important telephone number used altered, facilities are change.

7.1.5.8 Mock Drills & Awareness

Mock drills activating the Disaster preparedness plan will be conducted periodically for ensuring its efficiency during emergency as well as for refinement and updation. These drills based on the plan will help achieve its objectives. The Emergency Response coordination Centre shall be the main coordinator for making people aware of the situation and emergency condition response.

ETCC will also have mobile command post for immediate movement within the lane boundary or any other situation.

7.2 Off-site Emergency Plan

It is integral to the overall hazard and risk management due to plant facilities operation. Off-site plan addresses all issues which can have impact out-site of the site. Off-site Emergency plane has many components which need to be in place for effective plan

7.2.1 Organization: The organizational structure requires details of command structure, Warning system, implementation procedures, emergency control centers, In addition it also needs names & appointments of emergency coordinator along with other related key personnel.

7.2.2 Communications: The communication part warrants the complete identification of Personnel involved. Communication centre, call signs network and list of telephone numbers of all concerned. The clarity of communication is key to effective off- site emergency plan.

7.2.3 Specialized knowledge and Information: Details of specialist bodies, firms and People whose expertise may be required shall be maintained. In addition to expert list, detail of all hazardous substances stored or processed at the site and a summery of the risk associated with them shall be maintained.

7.2.4 Voluntary organizations & NGO’s: A complete list of details of organizers,

Telephone numbers, resource availability who are in the vicinity will need to be maintained.

7.2.5 Meteorological information: Weather condition prevailing at the time & weather


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Forecasts should be maintained at the site for its possible use in forecasting episodes

& climate analysis.

7.2.6 Humanitarian arrangements: Transport, evacuation centers, emergency feeding Treatment of injured, first aid, antidote , ambulances, temporary mortuaries relate information shall be also maintained at ERCC.

7.2.7 Public Information: Arrangement for public interference and communication shall be made to deal with the media of all kinds. This facility will also be useful for relatives, nearby people of any concerned person. These arrangements will also facilities for collecting information on the causes of the emergency; as also reviewing the efficiency & effectiveness of all emergency plans.

7.2.8 Role of the Emergency Co-coordinating Officers: The various emergency services should be coordinated by an emergency co coordinating officer (ECO), who will be designated by the District collector. The ECO should liaise closely with the site controller. Again, depending on local arrangement, for very severe incident with major prolonged off-site consequences, the external control can be passed on to a senior local authority administrator or even an administrator appointed by the central or state government.

7.2.9 Role of the implementing Authority: The duty to prepare the off-site plan lies with implementing authorities. The appointed person will carry out his duty in preparing for a whole range of different emergencies within their jurisdiction area. The responsible person will coordinate to obtain the information to provide the basis for the plan. This liaison should ensure that the plan is continually up dated and communicated to all stake holders.

It will be the responsibility of the appointed person by implementing authority (also called emergency planning officer, EPC) to ensure that all those organizations. This will be involved off site in handling the emergency, know of their roles and responsibility. Sufficient staff and appropriates equipment arrangement shall be responsibility of respective person. Rehearsals for off-site plans should be organized by the EPC.

7.13.10 Role of Police: Formal duties of the police during an emergency include protecting life & property & controlling traffic movements. Their functions should


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include controlling by standers, evacuating the public, identifying any serious problems, and informing all concerned.

7.13.11Role of Fire Authorities: The control of a fire should normally be the responsibility of the senior fire bridge officer who would take over the handling of the fire from the site controller on arrival at the site. The senior fire bridge officer should also have similar responsibility for other events, such as explosions and toxic release Fire authorities in the region should be apprised about the location of all stores of flammable materials, water & foam supply points, and fire- fighting equipment. They should be involved in on site emergency rehearsals both as participates and on occasion, as observers of exercises involving on-site personnel.

7.13.12Role of Health Authorities: Health authorities, including doctors, surgeons, hospitals, Ambulances and similar other persons/institutions should have a vital part to play following a major accident & they should form an integral part of the emergency plan. Major off-site incidents are likely to require medical equipment & facilities in addition to those available locally, and a medical “mutual aid” scheme should exist to enable the assistance of neighboring authorities to be obtained in the event of an emergency.

7.13.13 Role of Government Safety Authority: This will be the factory inspectorate available in the region. Inspectors are likely to want to satisfy themselves that the organization responsible for producing the off-site plan has made adequate arrangements for handling exigencies of all types including major emergencies. They may see well documented procedures & evidence of exercise undertaken to test the plan. In the event of accidents, local arrangements regarding the role of the factory & electrical inspector will apply. These may very from keeping a watch to a close involvement in advising on operations. While the facility will activate the DMP & take necessary measures & arrange to extend all medical & security support, the factor/ electrical inspectorate may be the external agency with resources to carry out appropriate tests to assess the impact.


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CCHHAAPPTTEERR VVIIIIII

MMAATTEERRIIAALL SSAAFFEETTYY

DDAATTAA SSHHEEEETT


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8. MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET LIST

LIST OF RAW MATERIALS

Sr. No. List Of The Raw Materials Used At All Stages Of Manufacture

Specific Name in MSDS

1 NMJ Acid N-Methyl J- Acid

2 Sulpho Tobias Acid 2- Napthylamine 1,5 Disulphonic Acid

3 Caustic Soda (Flakes) Caustic Soda

4 Hydrochloric Acid Hydrochloric Acid

5 Sodium Nitrite Sodium Nitrite

6 Acetic Anhydride Acetic Anhydride

7 Soda Ash Sodium carbonate

8 Salt Fine Common Salt

9 Cynuric Chloride Cynuric Chloride

10 Liquor Ammonia Liquor Ammonia

11 Sulphamic Acid Sulphamic Acid

12 Vinyl Sulphone Ester Vinyl sulphone

13 S.P.C.P. 3-Carboxy-1-(4-sulfophenyl)-5-pyrazolone Sodium Salt

14 H. Acid 1- Amino 8- Hydroxy Naphthalene 3,6 Disulphonic Acid


188

15 Orthanilic Acid 2-AMINOBENZENE SULFONIC ACID

16 O. T. Liquid Ortho Toludine Liquid

17 MPDSA 1,3 Diamino Benzol 6, Sulphonic Acid

18 DASDA 4,4'-Diaminostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid

19 Sodium Bi Carbonate Sodium bicarbonate

20 K.Acid 2-Naphthylamine-3,6,8-Trisulfonic Acid(118-03-

6),SN:AM-010953

21 MUA Meta Amino Phenyl Urea Hydrochloride

22 Oil H.S. Mineral Oil

23 BDSA 2, ,2'-Benzidine Di sulfonic Acid

(2,2'-Biphenyldisulfonic acid, 4,4'-diamino-)

24 Metanilic Acid Metanilic acid,

25 MOP Potassium Chloride

26 Octanol 2 Ethyl Hexanol (Octanol)

27 Tobias Acid 2 Amino 1 Naphthalene Sulphonic Acid

28 5-Sulpho Anthanilic Acid 2 Amino Benzene 3 Carboxy 5 Sulphonic Acid

29 C. Acid 2-Naphthalamine 8- Hydroxi 6- Sulphonic Acid

30 Hydrogen Peroxide Hydrogen Peroxide 30%


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31 P.P.D. PPD

32 Potassium Carbonate Potassium carbonate, anhydrous

33 Caustic Potash Potassium hydroxide,

34 Dispersing Agent RHEOBUILD 1023 (Super Pack)

35 Ferros Sulphate Ferrous sulfate

36 Lime Powder Hydrated Lime

37 Carbon Black Carbon Black (Amorphous Carbon)

38 Antidust Oil Antidusting Agent

(Mineral Oil)

39 Sodium Sulphate Sodium sulfate anhydrous

40 Sulphuric Acid Sulphuric Acid

41 Sodium Acetate Sodium acetate anhydrous

42 MPDDSA Metaphenylene Diamine Disulphonic Acid

43 2 Ethyl Pyridone Ethyl-4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2-pyridone-3-carboxylate

44 Sulphanilic Acid Sulfanilic acid

45 Gamma Acid 2- Amino 8–Naphthol 6-Sulphonic Acid

46 J.Acid 7-Amino 4- Hydroxy 2-Naphthalene Sulphonic Acid

(Mono Hydrate) 47 Resorcinaol Resorcinol

48 OAVS Vinyl Sulphone Ester of Ortho


190

Anisidine

49 Copper Sulphate Copper sulfate pentahydrate

50 SPMP 3-Methyl-1-(4-sulfophenyl)-2-pyrazolin-5-one

51 B - Naphthol Naphthol-2

52 Pig. Red Cerise Pigment Red 8

53 Alpha Blue/Heuco Blue Copper Phthalocynine Alpha blue

54 Yellow 12 Pigment Yellow 12

(Pigment Yellow AG)

55 CPC Green Pigment Green 7

56 Orange G (13) Orange G

57 4.5 Mole Nonylphenol 4.5

58 MEG - Mono Ethylene Glycol (Ethylene glycol)

59 Syntho D Foam (Defoamer) Silecon Defoamer

60 Dynol SP 20 Styrelated Phenol Ethoxylate

61 9.5 mole (fn 136) Nonylphenol 9.5

62 DMAPA Dimethylaminopropylamine (DMAPA)

63 STPP SODIUM TRIPOLYPHOSPHATE

64 Ortho Nitro Anisol 2-Nitroanisole

65 Formaldehyde Formaldehyde 37% solution

66 Dichlone Dichlone

67 Thio Urea Thiourea


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68 Cobalt Sulphate Cobalt Sulphate 31%

69 Phthalic Anhydride Phthalic anhydride

70 Nitro Benzene Nitrobenzene

71 Methanol Methanol

72 ODCB 1,2-Dichlorobenzene

73 Carbamide Urea

74 Styrene Acrylate Polymer of 2-propenoic acid, butyl ester, diethenylbenzene, and

ethenylbenzene 75 Chlorine gas Molecular Chlorine

76 Cobalt Metal Cobalt

77 NITROBENZENE NITROBENZENE

78 chlorine chlorine

79 ODCB ODCB

80 Ammonia Ammonia

81 Dimethylaminopropylamine Dimethylaminopropylamine

82 HCL HCL

83 n. octanol n. octanol

84 ortho nitro anilsole ortho nitro anilsole

85 fast blue b base fast blue b base


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monomer env impact study

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