8/17/2019 Monoclonal Antibodies - Copy [Autosaved]

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/monoclonal-antibodies-copy-autosaved 1/16

THE MYELOMA THEORY 

In the 1970’s the B-cell cancer myelomawas discovered, and itwas understood thatthese cancerous B-

cells all produce asingle type oanti!ody.

 This was used to studythe structure of

antibodies, but it wasnot possible toproduce identicalantibodies specic toa given antigen.

8/17/2019 Monoclonal Antibodies - Copy [Autosaved]

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/monoclonal-antibodies-copy-autosaved 2/16

C!!" #$"%&

◦ "pleen cells from a mouse that has beenimmuni'ed with the desired antigen

◦

(yeloma cells. #$"I)* +*T&

◦ olyethylene glycol

(%I$(&◦ +T (edium /ypo0athine-+minopterin- Thymidine1

THE "RO#E$%RE

8/17/2019 Monoclonal Antibodies - Copy [Autosaved]

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/monoclonal-antibodies-copy-autosaved 3/16

8/17/2019 Monoclonal Antibodies - Copy [Autosaved]

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/monoclonal-antibodies-copy-autosaved 4/16

 They are used in 3estern blot test !I"+ T"T +ntigen capture assays Immuno dot blot tests to detect the specic protein on a membrane.

*a4ed eye dipstic4 tests Immuno-histochemistry , which detect antigen in 0ed tissue sections

and Immuno-5uorescence test, which detect the substance in a fro'en

tissue section or in live cells. 6adio immuno assays Tissue typing "erotyping of (icroorganisms They are also used in the diagnosis of lymphoid and myeloid

malignancies

$&A'(O)T&# )&'(&*&#A(#E - ABREA+THRO%'H &( )#&E(#E

8/17/2019 Monoclonal Antibodies - Copy [Autosaved]

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/monoclonal-antibodies-copy-autosaved 5/16

*umber of (onoclonal +ntibodies havebeen developed in detection anddiagnosis of 

arasites li4e◦ Trichomonas vaginalis 

◦ Leishmania donovani

◦ Trypanosoma congolense

◦ Babesia bovis

Human Viruses like◦ Infuenza virus

◦

Rotavirus◦ Rabies Virus etc

+nimal 7iruses li4e◦ Bovine herpes virus,

◦

ervine herpes virus type I

8/17/2019 Monoclonal Antibodies - Copy [Autosaved]

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/monoclonal-antibodies-copy-autosaved 6/16

MA!s in M" #ard Test

Capture of parasite antigen fromperipheral blood usingmonoclonal antibodies preparedagainst a malaria antigen targetand con8ugated to either aliposome containing selenium dyeor gold particles in a mobilephase.

+ second or third capturemonoclonal antibody applied to astrip of nitrocellulose acts as the

immobile phase.  The migration of the antigen-

antibody comple0 in the mobilephase along the strip enables thelabeled antigen to be captured bythe monoclonal antibody of theimmobile phase, thus producing a

visible colored line

8/17/2019 Monoclonal Antibodies - Copy [Autosaved]

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/monoclonal-antibodies-copy-autosaved 7/16

MA!s in Microal!u,inuriaTesting

&,,unoprecipitation Micral test.& It isbased on the colourshift of monoclonalantibody to humanalbumin labelled with

gold.

8/17/2019 Monoclonal Antibodies - Copy [Autosaved]

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/monoclonal-antibodies-copy-autosaved 8/16

8/17/2019 Monoclonal Antibodies - Copy [Autosaved]

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/monoclonal-antibodies-copy-autosaved 9/16

MA!s in 2estern Blot

(ab helps to identify a

specicmolecule:substance ina mi0ture ofsubstances

8/17/2019 Monoclonal Antibodies - Copy [Autosaved]

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/monoclonal-antibodies-copy-autosaved 10/16

(+bs have tremendous application not onlyin the eld of diagnostics but also in◦ therapeutics and targeted drug delivery systems

for infectious diseases caused by bacteria,

viruses, proto'oa and for cancer, metabolic andhormonal disorders.

◦  They are also used in the immunologicalintervention with passive antibody, ,agic !ullet

terapy with cytoto0ic agents coupled with antimouse specic antibody

THERA"E%T&#)&'(&*&#A(#E

8/17/2019 Monoclonal Antibodies - Copy [Autosaved]

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/monoclonal-antibodies-copy-autosaved 11/16

+uto immune Conditions◦  6heumatoid arthritis,

◦ Crohn;s disease

◦ $lcerative Colitis

by their ability to bind and inhibit T*# +lpha

 +cute re8ection of organ transplants byinhibiting Interleu4in-< on activated T cells

+llergic +sthma by inhibiting Ig +ntibodies (alignancies of solid organs

THERA"E%T&# )&'(&*&#A(#E3contd.

8/17/2019 Monoclonal Antibodies - Copy [Autosaved]

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/monoclonal-antibodies-copy-autosaved 12/16

!eu4emias !ymphomas )steoporosis

latelet +ggregation Inhibitors

THERA"E%T&# )&'(&*&#A(#E3contd.

8/17/2019 Monoclonal Antibodies - Copy [Autosaved]

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/monoclonal-antibodies-copy-autosaved 13/16

+nti-cancer monoclonal antibodies can be targetedagainst malignant cells by several mechanisms&

1.Radioi,,unoterapy R&T. involves the useof radioactively con8ugated murine antibodies

against cellular antigens to limit radiatione0posure.

(urine antibodies were especially chosen, astheir high immunogenicity promotes rapid

clearance from the body.◦ 0&Tositumomab in non-odg4ins lymphoma.

MA!s in Treat,ent o#ancer

8/17/2019 Monoclonal Antibodies - Copy [Autosaved]

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/monoclonal-antibodies-copy-autosaved 14/16

5.Anti!ody-directed en6y,e prodrugterapy A$E"T. 

It involves the application of cancer

associated monoclonal antibodies whichare lin4ed to a drug-activating en'yme. "ubse9uent systemic administration of a

non-to0ic agent results in its conversion to

a to0ic drug, and resulting in a cytoto0ice=ect which can be targeted at malignantcells

MA!s in Treat,ent o#ancer

8/17/2019 Monoclonal Antibodies - Copy [Autosaved]

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/monoclonal-antibodies-copy-autosaved 15/16

.&,,unoliposo,es are antibody-con8ugated liposomes.

!iposomes - carry drugs ortherapeutic nucleotides - con8ugated with

monoclonal antibodies - directed againstmalignant cells.

 Tissue-specic gene delivery usingimmunoliposomes has also been achieved in

brain, and breast cancer tissue

MA!s in Treat,ent o#ancer

8/17/2019 Monoclonal Antibodies - Copy [Autosaved]

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/monoclonal-antibodies-copy-autosaved 16/16

RE)EAR#H )&'(&*&#A(#E

(+bs are used in research purpose also inanalysing◦ uman !ymphocytes

◦ (C +ntigens

◦ !+ system

+nalysis of antigenic di=erences betweenvirus and viral related proteins

+ntigenic Characteri'ation of viruses,bacteria and parasites