mono for android.net for android howto: multitargeting-portability- interoperability for.netters...
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Mono for Android<Monodroid>
.net for Android
HowTo: MultiTargeting-Portability-Interoperability
for .netters
2011.06.30 MSCommunity.DevUG.Zg
Motivation 1 – Financial
• Cross platform / Multitargeting / Portability– “write once, run everywhere”– Goal / Drive
• Time = Money • greater or equal profit
– Bigger market => more customers
• Necessity or perversion/masochism??
– Multitargeting Tools 2011-06-30• Java• Native + UI
– C++: Qt, AirPlaySDK (Marmalade), MoSync
• Html5 + css3 + JS (hype, even Windows 8, .net is dead?)– PhoneGap, Titanium, SenchaTouch
• .net ??– Mono
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Motivation 2 - Market Share Current
• WikipediaSource Year Symbian Android RIM iOS MicrosoftOther Gartner [24] 2011 Q1 27.4% 36.0% 12.9% 16.8% 3.6%3.3%Gartner [25] 2010 37.6% 22.7% 16.0% 15.7% 4.2%3.8%Gartner [25][26] 2009 46.9% 3.9% 19.9% 14.4% 8.7%6.1%Gartner [26][27] 2008 52.4% 0.5% 16.6% 8.2% 11.8%10.5%Gartner [27] 2007 63.5% N/A 9.6% 2.7% 12.0%12.1%
• References– http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_operating_system#Market_projection
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Motivation 3 - Market Share Projection
GartnerOS 2010 [%] 2011 [%] 2012 [%] 2015 [%]Symbian 111,577 37.6 89,930 19.2 32,666 5.2 661 0.1Android 67,225 22.7 179,873 38.5 310,088 49.2 539,318 48.8RIM 47,452 16 62,600 13.4 79,335 12.6 122,864 11.1iOS 46,598 15.7 90,560 19.4 118,848 18.9 189,924 17.2Microsoft 12,378 4.2 26,346 5.6 68,156 10.8 215,998 19.5Other OS 11,417.40 3.8 18,392.30 3.9 21,383.70 3.4 36,133.90 3.3Total [k] 296,647 467,701 630,476 1,104,898
• References– http://www.gartner.com/it/page.jsp?id=1622614– http://socialtimes.com/gartner-idc-agree-about-mobile-marketshare-in-2015-but-disagr
ee-about-2011_b56708
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Motivation 4 - Software Eng
• Multilayer architecture– Business Logic / Model x%– Presentation Layer / View y%
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BL1
PL1
BLn
PLn PL1
BL
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Android 1 - Intro
• Android– Is linux with modified 2.6 kernel– Set of native libs– Application framework written in java
• Dalvik VM
– Architecture• ARM6+• x86 v.2.2 Froyo
• Rich development environment– Eclipse and …
2011.06.30 MSCommunity.DevUG.Zg
Android 3 – App Fx 1
• Components:• Activity
– application component that provides a interaction screen (or not)• Intent
– messaging facility for late run-time binding between components in the same or different applications
• Service– application component that can perform long-running operations in the
background and does not provide a user interface.• ContentProviders
– providers store and retrieve data and make it accessible to all applications• BroadcastReceiver
– broadcast receiver is a component that responds to system-wide broadcast announcements
2011.06.30 MSCommunity.DevUG.Zg
Android 9 – App Fx 7 External dataExternal elements/data:• Resources - more often (java: ProjectRootDir/res/)
– Compiled/generated by aresgen into R.java – strongly typed– Accessed through R.Drawable.Id
• Assets (java: ProjectRootDir/assets/)– For raw access (no ability to extract raw data from Resource)
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Function Path Access programatically
UI layout/filename.xmllayout-land/main.axml
// R.layout.filenameTextView tv = findViewById(Resource.id.nameTextbox);
Bitmaps drawable/icon.png Drawable d = res.getDrawable(Resource.Drawable.icon);
Text values/strings.xml String s = getString(Resource.String.hello);
Android 10 - Resources/Assets
• Abstraction layer which helps decouples code• Resources– Images, layout descriptions, binary blobs and
string dictionaries– Localization– Multiple displays– Different hardware configurations
• Assets + AssetManager– Makes managing assets easier
2011.06.30 MSCommunity.DevUG.Zg
Android 10 – App Fx 8 UI
• Layouts– Defined in xml (*.axml in VS) like XAML, XHTML– During build generated as objects• Activity contains View[s] and/or ViewGroup[s]
have appearance– Android.View.View{} – widgets
Button, CheckBox, TextView, EditText, AutoComplete, ListView, ImageView, Gallery, pickers
– Android.View.ViewGroup{} - specialization, order, orientationLinearLayout, AbsoluteLayout, RelativeLayout, tableLayout, FrameLayout, ScrollView
2011.06.30 MSCommunity.DevUG.Zg
Android 11 – Dalvik VM
• Register-based (normal Java VMs are stack based)– Requires a .class to .dex transformation
• Runs multiple VMs efficiently• JIT (as of Android 2.2)• Each Android Application:– Runs in their own process – Runs on their own VM
• One of main sources of dispute Oracle vs. Google– Java ME – license does not allow changing VM
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Android 12 - Tools
• Development– JDK + Android SDK– IDE - eclipse– UI - DroidDraw
• SDK– SDK + AVD Manager– Android Debug Bridge – adb.exe (cmdline)
• Interface to Emulator/Device
– Emulator.exe– Build process
• Javac (for class files) + dex (.dex files for Dalvik VM)• apkbuilder – generates apk (zip file)• jarsigner (signing) + zipalign (optimizations)
2011.06.30 MSCommunity.DevUG.Zg
Android 12 – Debugging
• Adb + Logging– adb logcat– android.util.Log
• Debugging on device– Android SDK + USB drivers– Wi-fi, though deployment over USB– Update drivers for unrecognized device in Device Manager
with non-google USB drivers (android.bat in SDK dir)– Selecting image or device!– Error connecting stderr/stdout
• check ports IP address, firewall, VS – tools – options
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Android 13 - Deployment
• Deploy to – Android Virtual Device– Device: phone || pad
• Debug capabilities on both• Sell (eventually) – Android Marketplace– Amazon App Store
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Android 14 – Refs / Links
• Links– http://developer.android.com/index.html– http://www.androiddevelopment.org/– http://www.vogella.de/articles/Android/article.html
• Opinion (personal):
– Pros• Openness
– Speed of development
– Cons
• Openes– Fragmentation/Diversity (versions …)– Security
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Mono for Android 1 - Intro
• Ex– monodroid– Commercial Product from Novell (was)
~$99 student / $399 individual / ~$999 enterprise• MonoForAndroid V 1.0.1– Is Extension to Android which wraps Android as app
framework– Contains:
• MonoVM vm• Managed Mono Libs: RSilverlight, Rdesktop• Android and Mono Callable Wrappers
2011.06.30 MSCommunity.DevUG.Zg
Mono for Android 3 - Design Principles• Follow the Framework Design Guidelines• Allow developers to subclass any Java class
– Derive from class, call base ctor for chain, c# overriding– Common Java tasks easy, hard ones possible– JavaBean properties as c# properties
• Strongly typed APItype safety, minimize errors, intellisense, docs,
• C# constructs (delegates, lambdas, anonymous methods) instead of sinlge method interfaces– c# delegates for widget events (less cumbersome than java hooking)
• Mechanism to call Java libs• Bindings - Java.util.collections -> System.Collections.Generic
– Use Helper classes Android.Runtime.JavaList<T> et al to reduce marshalling overhead between Mono VM and Dalvik VM
• Threading (runnables) Android.Activity.RunOnUIThread()• Resources (Resources/drawable-hdpi/* -> Resource object• Android constants -> c# enums• Android.Runtime.JNIEnv managed wrapper for Java Native Interface JNI calls
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Mono for Android 4 - Tools + Build• Android SDK• IDE
– Visual Studio 2010 Profesional + – MonoDevelop
• Monodroid tools– VS plug in – Aresgen: resource generator (resgen)– mandroid.exe – monodroid.exe
• Generates ACWs. AndroidManifest.xml and packages app
– Shared runtime for debugging on emulator 18MB + – Signing needed for devices, slow not part of build– AndroidManifest.xml
• controlled through c# Attributes
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Mono for Android 5 - Development
• IDE– VS 2010 Professional+ (Windows)
• Almost no need to leave VS• External tools• Project and Item templates
– MonoDevelop 2.6 (Windows, Linux, Mac OS X)• Principles
– BL – classical (desktop) .net, c#– PL – different, but resembles XAML (WPF, SL, SLWP7)– Debugging - Like “normal” debugging in VS– Logging (no Console) (android.util.Log)
• Android.Util.Log.Info(“some_tag_for_app”, “message”);• Android.Util.Log.Warn(“some_tag_for_app”, “message”);• Android.Util.Log.Error(“some_tag_for_app”, “message”);
2011.06.30 MSCommunity.DevUG.Zg
Mono for Android 6 – Tips&Tricks
• Principles– Achitecture layers
• BL /Model– develop as classical (desktop) – tested in desktop Mono - Mono
• PL – Do learn Android SDK
• Tools (need another session)– VS Project Linker– VS Productivity power tools– VSCommands– VS Power Commands
2011.06.30 MSCommunity.DevUG.Zg
Mono for Android 9 – Pros 1
• Mono supports lots from netfx 3, 3.5 and 4– Attributes: no need to edit AndroidManifest.xml– Lambda expressions– anonymous delegates – LINQ– WCF (alpha)
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Mono for Android 9 – Cons 1• Performance
– 2 VMs: Mono + Java VM – Dalvik - interop/marshalingvery controversal test results depending on context
– (UI yes, rest can be avoided)– No shared runtime
• Release takes time (linker analyzes dependencies)
– http://www.koushikdutta.com/2009/01/dalvik-vs-mono.html• Debugging: Slow (some have abandoned because of this)• Limitations
– Java proxy classes generation (automatic) => cannot generate all code!– ACW generated based on static analysis of assemblies => no dynamic
languages• Not native
– wraps native Android java libs (java is not native either)
2011.06.30 MSCommunity.DevUG.Zg
Mono for Android 10 – Cons 2
• Difficulty / Ignorance / Laziness– dev must learn new platform Android API
only PL - UI layer– c# and java althoug quite similar
Friction still due to Java idioms and architecture• Political– Microsoft is in/out (haters hate it anyway)– Mono status
• dead??? – no it is open source• Progress dynamics - vary
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RIPMono
2002-2011
2011.06.30 MSCommunity.DevUG.Zg
Mono for Android 12 – Refs / Links 1
• Official– http://mono-android.netgone from Novell web in
2011/06/ ????????– Download (free cannot deploy to device, only emulator)
• http://mono-android.net/Welcome
– FutureXamarin http://www.xamarin.com
• Diverse• http://morewally.com/cs/Default.aspx• http://
blogs.infosupport.com/blogs/willemm/archive/2011/03/23/introducing-monodroid.aspx
• http://www.mono-droid.com/• http://conceptdev.blogspot.com/
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Mono for Android 13 – Refs / Links 2
• Code samples• https://github.com/mono/monodroid-samples• https://github.com/kevinmcmahon/MonoDroid101• https
://github.com/gshackles/Sample-Projects/tree/master/MonoDroid/MonoDroidSamples
• https://github.com/gshackles/Sample-Projects/• https://github.com/conceptdev/RestaurantGuide/tree/master/RestGuide_Android
• Comparison• http://www.holisticware.net/HolisticWare/Know-How/Development/ui-developme
nt-presentation-layer-framework-comparison.aspx
• Applications• http://mix11.confapp.com/• http://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/spawn-eodsoft/1030870830• MonoTouch showcase:
– http://monotouch.net/Apps/?tag=/Showcase– http://www.eodsoft.com/artisan.html
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Mono for Android 14 – Q&A
• ??????????????????????????
• VB– Mono – yes– Mono 4 Android – no • no Vb templates• Compiler status?
2011.06.30 MSCommunity.DevUG.Zg