monitoring wetlands along the ‘western-greek bird migration route’ spatio-temporal change...
TRANSCRIPT
MONITORING WETLANDS ALONG THE ‘WESTERN-GREEK BIRD MIGRATION ROUTE’
Spatio-temporal change detection using remote sensing and GIS in Logarou Lagoon, Western Greece: a pilot study
Algemene Plantkunde en Natuurbeheer - Plant Biology and Nature Management
By Ruth LagringCurrently working for MUMM – Management Unit of the North Sea Mathematical
Models
Promoter Prof. Nico KoedamCo-Promoter Ronny Merken
IntroductionIntroduction
Hypothesis and objectivesMaterials and methods
ResultsConclusions
Future
p. 2
Population of long-distance
migratory birds is declining
worldwide
An important cause is the loss of
suitable stopover-sites during
migration
FACTS
[Berthold, 2001; Birdlife International; Marchant et al., 1990; Çagan et al., 2004; Sanderson et al., 2006; Robbins et al., 1989; Fletcher, 2003]
[Berthold, 2001; Çağan et al., 2004; Davidson et al., 1996; Malcolm et al., 2002]
Souce: http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/map-machine
Stopover
‘Area with the needed resources and
environmental conditions that support temporary
occupancy by individuals of that species’ [Scott et al., 2002]
IntroductionIntroduction
Hypothesis and objectivesMaterials and methods
ResultsConclusions
Future
p. 3
Winter
Breeding
[ http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/map-machine]
IntroductionIntroduction
Hypothesis and objectivesMaterials and methods
ResultsConclusions
Future
p. 4
Winter
Breeding
International Conventions
[http://www.cms.int/about/interactive_map/cms_parties_europe.htm]
IntroductionIntroduction
Hypothesis and objectivesMaterials and methods
ResultsConclusions
Future
p. 5
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union]
European Union Natura 2000
IntroductionIntroduction
Hypothesis and objectivesMaterials and methods
ResultsConclusions
Future
p. 6
Wetlands
[ http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/map-machine]
IntroductionIntroduction
Hypothesis and objectivesMaterials and methods
ResultsConclusions
Future
p. 7
Western-Greek Bird Migration Route
‘Flyway of birds following the western coast of the Greek
mainland during their migration’
IntroductionIntroduction
Hypothesis and objectivesMaterials and methods
ResultsConclusions
Future
p. 8
Wetlands as stopover habitats
‘Areas of marsh, fen, peatland or water, whether natural or artificial, permanent or temporary, with water that is static or flowing, fresh,
brackish or salt, including areas of marine waters, the depth of which at low tide does not exceed six meters.’ [Ramsar Convention, 1971]
Convention on Wetlands
of International
Importance,
especially as Waterfowl
Habitat
Logarou Lagoon, April 2007
2/3rd of the Greek wetland area has been drained (20th century)
Further degradation needs to be prevented
Hypothesis and objectivesIntroduction
Hypothesis and objectivesMaterials and methods
ResultsConclusions
Future
Loss and/or deterioration of wetlands along the ‘Western-
Greek Migration Route’ can result in a critical lack of suitable
stopover sites for migrating birds
HYPOTHESIS
Obj. 1 Screening legal instruments and their implementation in the Greek legislation (literature study)
Obj. 2 Screening wetlands along the ‘Western-Greek Migration Route’
p. 9
Obj. 1 Screening legal instruments and their implementation in the Greek legislation (liturature study, in parallel with Bazigou)
p. 10
Conclusions
Legislation to protect migrating birds and wetlands along the ‘Western-Greek Migration Route’ is not sufficient and the one existing is not implemented [Bazigou, 2007].
No control to prevent ecological change from occuring in wetlands
Hypothesis and objectivesIntroduction
Hypothesis and objectivesMaterials and methods
ResultsConclusions
Future
Obj. 2 Screening wetlands along the ‘Western-Greek Migration Route’
1. Inventory (including small wetlands)
2. Monitoring ecological change in wetlands
Localisation
Protection or legal status (IBA, RAMSAR, Natura 2000,...) or other (including
‘none’)
Characteristics
Importance to migrating waterfowl
Types of ecological change that can be monitored
Technique for change detection in wetland area
Hypothesis and objectivesIntroduction
Hypothesis and objectivesMaterials and methods
ResultsConclusions
Future
p. 11
Materials and methodsIntroduction
Hypothesis and objectivesMaterials and methods
ResultsConclusions
Future
The Mediterranean Initiative of the Ramsar Convention on
Wetlands
Monitoring ecological change in wetlands
1. Monitoring schedule (MedWet)
p. 12
Materials and methodsIntroduction
Hypothesis and objectivesMaterials and methods
ResultsConclusions
Future
Monitoring ecological change in wetlands
1. Monitoring schedule (MedWet)
The Mediterranean Initiative of the Ramsar Convention on
Wetlands
p. 13
Materials and methodsIntroduction
Hypothesis and objectivesMaterials and methods
ResultsConclusions
Future
Detection of changes in wetland area Spatial indicator: surface area of habitat
types Using remote sensing and GIS (satellite
images)
Monitoring ecological change in wetlands
2. Method: Spatio-temporal change detection
1. Hybrid Unsupervised-Supervised Classification (1977, 1989, 2000) [Tağil, 2007]
2. Post-classification comparison Data comparison
Matrix analyses (Raster GIS) (1977-1989, 1989-2000, 1977-
2000) [Haack, 2006]
Post-classification change detection using satellite images
p. 14
Materials and methodsIntroduction
Hypothesis and objectivesMaterials and methods
ResultsConclusions
Future
Global Orthorectified Landsat Data Set (NASA)
Orthorectified and co-registered Landsat images
Landsat MSS (1970s), TM (1990s), ETM+ (ca 2000)
High spatial accuracy Freely available from GLCF
[http://glcf.umiacs.umd.edu/index.shtml]
Monitoring ecological change in wetlands
3. Material: Landsat imagery
Available since 1972 till 2003 = historical database
Medium resolution (30 – 80 m2) Scene size 185 x 185 km2
[http://glcf.umiacs.umd.edu/index.shtml] p. 15
Materials and methodsIntroduction
Hypothesis and objectivesMaterials and methods
ResultsConclusions
Future
[ University of Maryland, 2004]
1 (1972)2 (1975)3 (1978)
4 (1982)5 (1984)6 (failed)
7 (1999)
Landsat imagery Global Orthorectified Landsat Data Set
[Source: Tucker et al., 2004]
p. 16
Materials and methodsIntroduction
Hypothesis and objectivesMaterials and methods
ResultsConclusions
Future
Monitoring ecological change in wetlands
Blue/Green/Near-InfraRed False colour composites Landsat ETM+ 2000-08-22
4. Pilot study: Study area: Logarou Lagoon
Amvrakikos GulfRamsar, IBA, Natura 2000
(National park)
Logarou Lagoon4900 ha
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p. 17
p. 18
1977
1. Hybrid Unsupervised-Supervised Classification
Selected classes
Classification schedule (MedWet-guide, field campaign,
aerial photos ‘45-’85, satellite imagery,Life Habitat map)
Aerial photo 85 Habitat map ‘85
MedWet-guide
Unsupervised Supervised
8 classes20 classes
Signature editingAsigning classes
(208)
Materials and methodsIntroduction
Hypothesis and objectivesMaterials and methods
ResultsConclusions
Future
ResultsIntroduction
Hypothesis and objectivesMaterials and methods
ResultsConclusions
Future
1977
1977 1989 2000
ResultsIntroduction
Hypothesis and objectivesMaterials and methods
ResultsConclusions
Future
Supervised classified images
2. Post-classification comparison
1 Water surface I
2
Water surface II (shallow / swamp) / coastal split
3 Aquatic Bed
4
Non-vegetated I (mud/sand)/ Human construction
5 Non-vegetated II (Soil /Agriculture Soil)
6 Emergent I (Arthrocnemum spp.)
7 Emergent II (Phragmites australis, Typha spp.)
8 Forested /scrub-shrub / Agriculture Vegetated
p. 19
ResultsIntroduction
Hypothesis and objectivesMaterials and methods
ResultsConclusions
Future
1977
1989
1914.47, 38%
294.93, 6%
662.47, 13%
423.67, 8%
774.24, 15%
269.67, 5%
226.70, 4%
539.66, 11%
2000
2. Post-classification comparison
1 Water surface I
2 Water surface II (shallow / swamp) / coastal
split
3 Aquatic Bed
4 Non-vegetated I (mud/sand)/ Human
construction
5 Non-vegetated II (Soil /Agriculture Soil)
6 Emergent I (Arthrocnemum spp.)
7 Emergent II (Phragmites australis, Typha spp.)
8 Forested /scrub-shrub / Agriculture Vegetated
p. 20
p. 21
Matrix analyses: 1977-2000
ResultsIntroduction
Hypothesis and objectivesMaterials and methods
ResultsConclusions
Future
1 Water surface I
2 Water surface II (shallow / swamp) / coastal
split
3 Aquatic Bed
4 Non-vegetated I (mud/sand)/ Human
construction
5 Non-vegetated II (Soil /Agriculture Soil)
6 Emergent I (Arthrocnemum spp.)
7 Emergent II (Phragmites australis, Typha
spp.)
8 Forested /scrub-shrub / Agriculture Vegetated
Black = change
Logarou LagoonChange Detection Matrix 1977-
2000
2. Post-classification comparison
Class 1
1977 1989 2000
1225.24 (24%)
1563.58(30%)
1913.22(38%)
904.52 = 1320.47 =
275.03 Class 3 >
209.24 Class 3 >
284.90 Class 3 <
563.62 Class 3 <
1018.32 =
162.53 Class 3 >
838.32 Class 3 <
Class 3
1977 1989 2000
1229.10(24%)
948.14(19%)
662.35(13%)
584.09 = 335.38 =
584.90 Class 1 >
563.62 Class 1 >
275.03 Class 1 <
209.24 Class 1 <
345.69 =
838.32 Class 1 >
162.53 Class 1 <116.88 Class 2 <
ResultsIntroduction
Hypothesis and objectivesMaterials and methods
ResultsConclusions
Future
1 Water surface I
2 Water surface II (shallow / swamp) / coastal
split
3 Aquatic Bed
4 Non-vegetated I (mud/sand)/ Human
construction
5 Non-vegetated II (Soil /Agriculture Soil)
6 Emergent I (Arthrocnemum spp.)
7 Emergent II (Phragmites australis, Typha
spp.)
8 Forested /scrub-shrub / Agriculture
Vegetated
p. 22
Dynamism of wetland system
Ecological change has been monitored
2. Post-classification comparison
Blue/Green/Near-InfraRed False colour
composite
Lake 1 The lake is full of rubbish.The panel states (in Greek) ‘Garbage
disposal is prohibited’
[Source: Nico Koedam, 19/04/2007]
Lake 3 The lake is full of dumped tyres [Source: Nico Koedam, 19/04/2007]
ResultsIntroduction
Hypothesis and objectivesMaterials and methods
ResultsConclusions
Future
p. 23
Inventory: small wetlands
ConclusionsIntroduction
Hypothesis and objectivesMaterials and methods
ResultsConclusions
Future
p. 24
Obj. 1 Screening legal instruments and their implementation in the Greek legislation (liturature study, in parallel with Bazigou)
1. Legislation to protect migrating birds and wetlands along
the
‘Western-Greek Migration Route’ is not sufficient [Bazigou,
2007]. 2. The legislation existing is not implemented [Bazigou, 2007].
3. No control to prevent ecological change from occurring in
wetlands.
ConclusionsIntroduction
Hypothesis and objectivesMaterials and methods
ResultsConclusions
Future
1. Inventory
2. Monitoring ecological change in wetlands
Localisation of all wetlands possible, including small wetlands
Technique for detecting change in wetland area has been
designed
Pilot study: change can be detected using this method
Cost- and labour-effective, reliable for its purpose and feasible
Obj. 2 Screening wetlands along the ‘Western-Greek Migration Route’
p. 25
ConclusionsIntroduction
Hypothesis and objectivesMaterials and methods
ResultsConclusions
Future
Natura 2000 newsletter
Lack of political will [Bazigou, 2007]
The possibility to improve is there
Why is Greece not doing more?
THERE IS NO EXCUSE
p. 26
Future RecommendationsIntroduction
Hypothesis and objectivesMaterials and methods
ResultsConclusionsFuture
Further Screening wetlands along the ‘Western-Greek
Migration Route’, using the images of the Global
Orthorectified Landsat Data Set
Creating inventory Post-classification change detection More detailed ground truthing
Investigating biological impact of change
Other ecological changes of wetlands, e.g. pollution
p. 27
Thank you for your attention…
Sheep: “I’m afraid you’re in the wrong place. In winter,
swallows should be in Africa.“
Bird: “No, YOU are in the wrong place. I’m not a
swallow, I’m a penguin.“
p. 28