monitoring rural and small towns water supply in thailand: a focus on water quality
TRANSCRIPT
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WASH Monitoring Symposium Addis Ababa , Ethiopia, April 2013
Monitoring Rural and Small Towns Water Supply in Thailand: A Focus on Water Quality
Suree Wongpiyachon
Director, Bureau of Food and Water Sanitation Department Of Health Ministry of Public Health Thailand
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Water Supply in Thailand: A short historyThailand has been developing its water supply for over 100 years:1897-1926: King Rama V assigned Metropolitan to provide a
waterworks in Bangkok1927-1956: Health Management Model, Rural Health
Promotion and Survey and Ground Water Development1957-1986: Local Health Development Project began,
Comprehensive Rural Health Project, water supply program for rural areas throughout the Kingdom, Metropolitan Waterworks Authority, Provincial Waterworks Authority state enterprises were established
1982 to 1991: The Decade of Clean Water Supply and Sanitation to Rural areas in Thailand
1987-2000: Extension of rural waterworks systems to cover 70% percentage of all villages
2003: Rural Water Supply Division, DOH restructured and transferred to the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment
2003-Present: Bureau of Food and Water Sanitation in Department of Health is responsible for Drinking Water Quality (Survillance and Monitoring )
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Drinking Water Category in Thailand (%)
Source : National Statistical Office 2009
Bottle-packed
Water 31.5%
Tap water23.9%
Rain Water34.6%
Natural water/Well water/ Others 10%
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Water Supply Services in Thailand (2009)
Source: Community Development Dept. (Ministry of Interior)
Villages With Water Supply System
4.2 Mil. Households (~21 Mil. People)
Provincial Waterworks
Authorities. 3.26 Mil.
Households (~16.3 Mil. People)
Metropolitan Waterworks Authority
1.9 Mil. Households (~10 Mil. People)
Villages Without Water Supply System
1.3 Mil. Households (~ 6.5 Mil. People)
Municipalities2.4 Mil. Households(~12 Mil. People)
32% 10%
18% 15%25%
Royal Thai Government
Department of Health
Policy – Goal:Safe drinking water
coverage the whole year round of all households.
Bureau ofFood and Water
Sanitation
Drinking Water Quality Development Section1. Surveillance on Drinking Water Quality2. Research and Development Quality and Technology Management
of Drinking Water 3. Certification of Safe Drinking Water for Tap Water Supplies4. Technology Transfer and Human Resource Developmentfor households, public places, hospitals, schools, child care, health center, drinking water distributors, emergency incidence and vulnerable areas
Safe Water Supply
Ministry Of Natural
Resource And Environment
Ministry of Public Health
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20
40
60
80
100
96.5%80.0%
Urban Rural
56.7%
SatisfactoryIn accordance with DOH’s Drinking WaterQuality Standard (Dept.of Health, 2000)
Bangkok Province
Municipality
Bacteria
Unsatisfactoy
ColorTurbidity Fe
BacteriaNO3-
pH
Turbidity
Color
Bacteria
80%
MnAs
F-
Fe
Zn
%
Drinking Water Quality Situation of All Types
of Drinking Water in 2010
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Cause of Water Quality Problems
1. Minerals or heavy metals are naturally present in groundwater.
2. Contamination of Bacteria and impurities
3. Hygienic behavior especially no hand-washing, cleanliness of water container ,tank, jar , vessels for drinking
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Safe Drinking Water Promotion Project 1: Certification Process
Six qualifications before approval1. Water sample collection at 6 areas (public place, school,
temple, market, households)2. Number of water samples3. Frequency of water sampling4. Quality test5. Result of quality test6. Certified period
Four qualifications after approval1. Water sample collection at the connection point of pipeline
system2. Water sample collection at the end point of pipeline
system3. Result of quality test4. Random checking result documents from Item 3. If any
water quality is found under Drinking Water8
Assessment of: • Potable Water Supply
System• Structure• Operation• Maintenance
Application to joining the Process
improvement
Check Water Quality (Physical, Chemical, Bacteriological)- at the beginning (of water supply system) and - at the end of pipes (household) - Sampling: 1 sample for each increment of 5,000 populace
1st Analysis
Improvement
2nd /3 rd AnalysisEvery 2 months
Standard Satisfaction
Standard Satisfaction
Inform the (analysed) Result
to Health Center (Region 1 – 12)
Certification / Approval Certificate
by the Dept. of Health
Declaration : of Being Safe Drinking Tap Water
Continuous Surveillance of Water Quality
Dissemination
Certification Process for Safe Drinking Tap Water
Not Satisfied
to the Standard
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Safe Drinking Water Promotion Project 2: Development of Network Potential for Surveillance of Safe drinking Water in Community and Households
Network • Water Supply System Operators
• Volunteers
Process: 1. Source of Drinking Water Survey in Community and
Household2. Sampling and analyze for water quality3. Evaluation with The DOH’s Tap Water Quality
Standard4. Training (of network, water Supply System
operators, volunteers)
Training DetailsImportance of safe water
and health effectHygiene and SanitationUsing Test kitRole of network on pioneer
and counselingPractice on test kitNetwork meeting and
planning to safe water in community
One and three months later : follow up and monitoring of: water supply, test kit and role of volunteers
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Bottled Water
Community For Community
Volunteer
VillageWater works
System
Natural Resource
Community Participation
Prom
otion
SupportTest kit
Education and Training
Village worker
Government
RainWater
Shallow-wellwater
Villager
Household
Structure
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About Thailand
- A country in Southeast Asia
- Total area 513,115 km2
- Total population 65.5 millions
Male 32.1 millions Female 33.4 millions
- Tropical climate
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VisionBy 2012, with the effective cooperation of all related agencies, all Thais people will get access to safe and adequate consumption water, basic hygiene, and good sanitation.
Mission Statement1. Promote all Thais to get access to safe and adequate consumption water.2. Support the works on basic hygiene and good sanitation.3. Encourage people participation in form of networking.4. Create knowledge base in order to disseminate correct information on water, hygiene, and sanitationใTarget1. Thais get access to safe and adequate consumption water.
Urban area – 100% of households get access to tap waterRural area – Access to tap water for villages which already have waterworks system and safe water from water sources for the rest.
2. Thais have good hygienic practice.
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Water Quality Surveillanceat the end (household) of pipes:- Physical , Chemical, Bacteriological Examination at least once a year- Chlorine Residual Checking every week
Village Safe Drinking Tap Water
Survey :Tap WaterDrinking Behavior
Project Follow
Up
Not Satisfiedto the Standard
Improvement :the Potable Water Supply
Systems
Standard Satisfaction
Public Information (of theWater Quality)
Data Analysis & Progressive Reporting
Reliability Assurance in Safe Drinking Tap Water Quality. Favor Safe Drinking tap water among villagers.
Promotion on the Encouraging of Popular Tap Water Drinking- Knowledge & Practices Transferring- Dissemination of Information- Campaign- Rewarding
Millennium Development Goals
MDGs : Reduce percentage of population with no
access to safe water source and hygienic toilet to half by 2015.
MDG Plus : Thailand has set a more ambitious goal in
improving percentage of population with access to safe drinking water.