mongols - dr. christopher gennari€¦ · 1231 invaded by mongol horde – ogedei - korea...
TRANSCRIPT
Mongols
1206 = Mongolian horse-tribes on edge of China
= united by Temujin (Ghengis Khan)
Khans = great Charisma = personal loyalty
Army =
1. cavalry = lancers + archers
2. discipline (generals command)
3. hired native engineers = siegecraft
Religious Certainty
= Mongols should control the world
= legitimacy = victory + $
= Pax Mongolica
(one country owns all silk road)
(= rapid trade + knowledge = )
(marco polo)
= Kill everything/everyone (steppe)
= poisoned wells, ripped up irrigation
= exported population east,
= leveled China, Islamic Asia
1240s = Russia (kiev)
1258 = Baghdad
= better to surrender/never revolt
= areas got poorer (russia, M.E, China)
Terroism
Adaption
1. religious toleration (later convert to local)
2. hired best and brightest of natives
3. urban trade + education = civilization
= became Chinese, Persian.
empire so huge it broke up into allied successor states
by 1270s they were fighting each other:
Yuan China,
Golden Horde (Russia),
White Horde in the Central Asia,
Mongolian Persia (Tamerlane).
= war = destruction of silk road = C.A. poorer
= trade must go by sea
Effect on the Middle East
- wrecks Arabic Islamic kingdoms (sacks Baghdad 1258)
= trauma = xenophobia = islam = conservative/isolated
Effect on the Middle East
- wrecks Arabic Islamic kingdoms (sacks Baghdad 1258)
= trauma = xenophobia = islam = conservative/isolated
- smashes Seljuk Turkish Kingdom in Asia Minor
= saves Byzantines, allows for rise of Ottoman
(dominate SE Europe, ME, N. Africa till 19th century)
Effect on the Middle East
- wrecks Arabic Islamic kingdoms (sacks Baghdad 1258)
= trauma = xenophobia = islam = conservative/isolated
- smashes Seljuk Turkish Kingdom in Asia Minor
= saves Byzantines, allows for rise of Ottoman
(dominate SE Europe, ME, N. Africa till 19th century)
- promotes Silk Road (Marco Polo) = $$$ + transfer of knowledge (gunpowder)
but grandson civil wars + Tamerlane = obliterate Silk Road cities
= european trade takes to the oceans (portugese 1400s, columbus)
= decline Italy, iraq/Arabia, Crusader States
Effect on China
- destruction of “jurchen” Jin Dynasty
Effect on China
- destruction of “jurchen” Jin Dynasty
- destruction of Chinese Song Dynasty
Effect on China
- destruction of “jurchen” Jin Dynasty
- destruction of Chinese Song Dynasty
- creation of Yuan Dynasty – first subservient chinese dynasty to lrger empire.
Effect on Japan
- two invasion attempts by sea
- Japan recently united under
Kamakura Shogunate 1221
(Yoritomo)
.
Effect on Japan
- two invasion attempts by sea
- Japan recently united under Kamakura Shogunate 1221
(Yoritomo)
- Kamakura beheaded mongol diplomats (always makes Mongols mad)
- in 1274, invaded from Korea with 30,000 Mongols, Koreans, Chinese
Battle of Bun’Ei – indecisive (small area, marathon)
- scattered by kamikaze (divine wind)
.
Effect on Japan
- two invasion attempts by sea
- Japan recently united under Kamakura Shogunate 1221
(Yoritomo)
- Kamakura beheaded mongol diplomats (always makes Mongols mad)
- in 1274, invaded from Korea with 30,000 Mongols, Koreans, Chinese
Battle of Bun’Ei – indecisive (small area, marathon)
- scattered by kamikaze (divine wind)
- 1281, 100,000 mongols, 50K chinese, 20k koreans invaded w/ chinese fleet
a typhoon struck while the mongols were on beachhead.
(no where large enough, near enough to land)
.
Effect on Japan
- 1281, 100,000 mongols, 50K chinese, 20k koreans invaded w/ chinese fleet
a typhoon struck while the mongols were on beachhead.
(no where large enough, near enough to land)
.- effect = - scare japan
- korea and the sea must be controlled / subdued
- Kyushu lords = won = independent
- buddhism = stronger = credit for kamikaze storms
- Yuan China clearly superior =
piracy in some parts, trade-learning from china in others.
Effect on Japan
- 1281, 100,000 mongols, 50K chinese, 20k koreans invaded w/ chinese fleet
a typhoon struck while the mongols were on beachhead.
(no where large enough, near enough to land)
.- effect = - scare japan
- korea and the sea must be controlled / subdued
- Kyushu lords = won = independent
- buddhism = stronger = credit for kamikaze storms
- Yuan China clearly superior =
piracy in some parts, trade-learning from china in others.
Effect on Korea
Koryo Korea founded in 935, independent of Tang, very chinese model
1196 Military lords in north were taking over – defend vs Jin/Manchu
(and losing)
1231 invaded by mongol horde – Ogedei
- korea conquered/occupied
- guerilla war + brutal reprisals
(until 1270s – Kublai Khan v Song)
Effect on Korea
Koryo Korea founded in 935, independent of Tang, very chinese model
1196 Military lords in north were taking over – defend vs Jin/Manchu
(and losing)
1231 invaded by mongol horde – Ogedei
- korea conquered/occupied
- guerilla war + brutal reprisals
(until 1270s – Kublai Khan v Song)
Korea paid for invasions of Japan
200,000 slaves carted off China
cities ruined by siege + guerilla war
confucianism increased
buddhism decreased
yuan elite married korean women
too far to benefit from silk road