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TRANSCRIPT
MONGOL EMPIRE Geography
� Origin in Central Asia; steppes � North is the Siberian Forest � South is the Gobi Desert � Conquer outside of Central Asia to E. Europe,
Middle East, Russia and China � Stretches from Sea of Japan to Caspian Sea
(under Kublai Khan)
Religion � Originally, worshiped a god “Mongke Koko Tengri”
� Animal spirits (totems) � Mongols practiced tolerance
� Respect for others and their customs & beliefs � Believed that there was truth to each religion
� Buddhism, Christianity, Daoism, Christianity, Islam & Judaism
Achievements � Skilled Horsemanship
� Advantage over enemies � Hands free for weapons � Move quicker
� Military � Weapons; catapults & gunpowder � Army organized into units (chain of command) � Communication calls
� Cultural � Written language � Reopening of the Silk Road; exchange of ideas � Travelers can pass through freely � Missionaries welcomed
Politics � Patrilineal lineage (a woman can rule if husband dies)
� Main leader = KHAN � Conquers over large territory= Large Empire
� Stretches from China to E. Europe � Divided into 4 Khanates
� Golden Horde � E. Europe & W. Russia
� Ghagatai Khanate � Mid-Russia & Central Asia
� Ilkhan Khanate � Persia
� Khanate of Great Khan � China, Mongolia & E. Russia
� Laws against fighting among tribes
Economics
� Re-opening of the Silk Road � Empire open to merchants
� Internal & foreign trade possible � Postal Service Stations
� Communication & trade � Use of paper money (in China) & silver coins
Social Structure
� Clans � Family groups that form a tribe � Tribal Leader is the eldest male
� Gender Roles � Women- domestic chores
� Clothes � Food preparation “on the road”
� Men � Herders � Warriors