MONERA• One-celled organism• No nucleus• Prokaryotic• Smallest and simplest

kind of living thing• More monerans than

any other kind of organism

Bacteria

• Are microscopic, living cells

• Live almost everywhere

• Found in the air, in the foods you eat and drink, and on the surface of things you touch

• Your skin has over 100,000 bacteria per square centimenter

• Millions of other bacteria live in your body

Blue-green bacteria

• Live in moist environments

• Use sunlight energy to produce food

• Have chlorophyll• No chloroplasts

Bacteria

• Live in many environments

• Obtain foods in a variety of ways

• 3 kinds of bacteria

• based on shape

Cocci bacteria

• Sphere-shaped• An example is bacteria

that cause strep throat.

Staphyllococcus bacteria

Bacilli bacteria

• Rod-shaped• Certain bacteria that

live in your stomach are bacilli bacteria

Deadly e.coli bacteria

Spirilla bacteria

• Spiral shaped• Best known cause

serious disease

Prokaryotic:

No membrane bound internal structures

Structure of a bacterium

What’s an endospore??

• A protective structure that forms inside a moneran cell during unfavorable conditions.

Life Processes in Monerans

• Nutrition

• Reproduction

How do Monerans obtain food?

• Make their own food by photosynthesis

• Use the energy in some chemical compounds to produce food

• Some cannot produce their own food

(saprobe and parasite)

SAPROBE

• Feeds on matter from dead organisms

• Feed on the waste product of organisms

• For example, the bacteria that feeds on sweat on your skin are saprophobes.

Hosts and Parasites

Host: The one getting fed on.

Parasite: The one that hurts the host on which it feeds.

Aerobe vs. Anaerobe

I’m aerobic and I need oxygen!!

I’m anaerobic..I don’t need oxygen!!

Reproduction

• Reproduction is by fission

• Fission is the simplest form of asexual reproduction by just one parent.

Conjugation: the process in which DNA passes between two

cells that join together.

Bacteria is classified into two kingdoms

• Eubacteria

• Archaebacteria

EUBACTERIA

ARE THE LARGER OF THE TWO BACTERIAL KINGDOMS

EUBACTERIA

Produce their own food and are commonly called blue-green bacteria (THEY CONTAIN CHLOROPHYLL TO M AKE THEM GREEN)

EUBACTERIA

Sometimes they can be yellow, black, or red in color.

That’s how the Red Sea got its name!!!

Eubacteria: Cyanobacteria

•Produce food and oxygen for aquatic life

•Too much though, and there are problems.

•Have you ever seen a pond that is covered with smelly, green, bubbly slime?

•When large amounts of nutrients enter a pond, cyanobacteria increase in number.

•Eventually the population gets so large that a bloom is produced.

Eubacteria: Cyanobacteria

A bloom looks like a slimy green mat.

Eubacteria: Cyanobacteria

Cyanobacteria use up available resources and die.

Other aerobic bacteria eat dead cyanobacteria and use up oxygen in water.

No oxygen in the water: fish and other organisms die.

Consumer Bacteria are grouped by cell wall thickness or thinness.

•Important for medicine

•Some medicines will be more effective against the type of bacteria with thick walls vs. thinner.

Archaebacteria

Bacteria in this group are the ones that live in some of the toughest places to live.

The places that they live today are similar to conditions found on Earth when it was first formed- so scientists think these may be the oldest types of bacteria!

Some archaebacteria are found deep in the ocean!

Finding Archaea : The hot springs of Yellowstone National Park, USA, were among the first places Archaea were discovered. At left is Octopus Spring, and at right is Obsidian Pool. Each pool has slightly different mineral content, temperature, salinity, etc., so different pools may contain different communities of archaeans and other microbes. The biologists pictured above are immersing microscope slides in the boiling pool onto which some archaeans might be captured for study.

Archaebacteria

• Live in salt water• Live in acid• Live deep in the ocean• At temperatures above

100 degrees• In muddy swamps• In intestines of cattle• Even in you!

A. Coccoid: single cells. B. Rod or bacillus. C. Spirilla or spirilloid. D. Coccoid: filamentous streptococcus. E. Coccoid: colonial staphylococcus. F. Flagellate spirilloid procaryote. G-I: Examples of Cyanobacteria or "blue-green algae" G. Anabaena, a filamentous blue-green algal. Note the heterocysts, specialized nitrogen-fixing cells. H. Oscillatoria, a filamentous and mobile blue-green algal. I. Gleocapsa, a colonial blue-green algal.