MolluscaMollusca

Alexander KanovAlexander Kanov

Stoyan KolevStoyan Kolev

Pavel VanevPavel Vanev

10/810/8

http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2006/12/images/061222-giant-squid.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Tonicella-lineata.jpg/800px-Tonicella-lineata.jpg

Background & Background & CharacteristicsCharacteristics

Mollusks and Mollusca family - “soft” in Latin [1]Mollusks and Mollusca family - “soft” in Latin [1] Invertebrates [1]Invertebrates [1] Bilateral symmetry [1]Bilateral symmetry [1] Outer shell & soft, fleshy body [4]Outer shell & soft, fleshy body [4] Circulatory system is composed of a heart and Circulatory system is composed of a heart and

blood vessels [4]blood vessels [4] Bring water in their body to obtain oxygen, emit Bring water in their body to obtain oxygen, emit

carbon dioxide [4]carbon dioxide [4]

Evolution & CladisticsEvolution & Cladistics

Last common Last common ancestor with ancestor with humans: Bilateria - humans: Bilateria - Cambrian Period Cambrian Period (~500 mil. yrs. (~500 mil. yrs. ago) [1] [7]ago) [1] [7]

Closest phylums: Closest phylums: Rotifera and Rotifera and Nematoda [1]Nematoda [1]

Textbook

Food & DigestionFood & Digestion

Food opening: mouths [1]Food opening: mouths [1] Most mollusks contain a Most mollusks contain a radularadula within within

the mouth - an organ that uses a the mouth - an organ that uses a scraping technique to move into the scraping technique to move into the mouth [1]mouth [1]

Mouth -> Stomach ->Mouth -> Stomach ->Digestive tract -> Anus [1]Digestive tract -> Anus [1]

Only cephalopods areOnly cephalopods areactive predators [1]active predators [1]

http://www.pirx.com/gallery/albums/mollusks/radula.jpg

Defensive SystemsDefensive Systems

External shell - chitons, bivalves, External shell - chitons, bivalves, gastropods (except slugs) [1]gastropods (except slugs) [1]

Jet stream - cephalopods:Jet stream - cephalopods: Water - squidsWater - squids Melanin ink - octopi [6]Melanin ink - octopi [6]

Octopi can camouflage Octopi can camouflage themselves by producingthemselves by producing

color patters and complex color patters and complex skin textures [5]skin textures [5] http://29.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_ky3o4iPyRx1qzde41o1_500.jpg

MovementMovement

Mollusks have a muscular foot with Mollusks have a muscular foot with which they move [1]which they move [1]

Gastropods and chitons move at a Gastropods and chitons move at a “snail’s pace” because of a small “snail’s pace” because of a small rippling motion of the foot [1]rippling motion of the foot [1]

Cephalopods move with jet Cephalopods move with jet propulsion which draws water in the propulsion which draws water in the mantle cavity and exudes it from a mantle cavity and exudes it from a siphon [1]siphon [1]

Human InteractionHuman Interaction

Most of the mollusks serve as food Most of the mollusks serve as food for humans especially octopi, squids, for humans especially octopi, squids, clams and even snails [1]clams and even snails [1]

However, gastropodsHowever, gastropods are also a pest to many are also a pest to many

plants [17]plants [17] Pearls are extracted Pearls are extracted

from clams [1]from clams [1]http://www.faqs.org/photo-dict/photofiles/list/4371/5816cooked_octopus.jpg

Giant Clam (Giant Clam (Tridacna gigas)Tridacna gigas)

Height: 1.2m; weight: 200kgHeight: 1.2m; weight: 200kg[2] [2]

Lifespan: 100 years [2]Lifespan: 100 years [2] South PacificSouth Pacific

and Indian Oceans [2]and Indian Oceans [2] Symbioses withSymbioses with

dinoflagellate algae [2]dinoflagellate algae [2] Egg -> larva -> clam [2]Egg -> larva -> clam [2] Moves only in larva stage [2]Moves only in larva stage [2] It’s useless [2]It’s useless [2]

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/11/Giant_clam_or_Tridacna_gigas.jpg

South African Giant Slug South African Giant Slug ((Arion subfucsusArion subfucsus))

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZQYDkwGYqDkhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZQYDkwGYqDk Widely found in South Africa, North America, New Widely found in South Africa, North America, New

Zealand, and Australia [17]Zealand, and Australia [17] Reach to 20 - 30cm in size [17]Reach to 20 - 30cm in size [17] They feed on plants, which is the They feed on plants, which is the

main reason they are exterminatedmain reason they are exterminated[17][17]

Locomotion is accomplished by the Locomotion is accomplished by the rippling motion of the foot [17]rippling motion of the foot [17]

They undergo a process called They undergo a process called torsiontorsion [17][17]

http://oregonstate.edu/dept/nurspest/Images/mollusks/slugs/Arufusprofilethumb.JPG

Giant Squid (Giant Squid (Architeuthis Architeuthis duxdux))

Average 12-13m in length Average 12-13m in length and 450kg in weight [3]and 450kg in weight [3]

North Atlantic, South North Atlantic, South Atlantic, North Pacific, Atlantic, North Pacific, Southwestern Pacific [3]Southwestern Pacific [3]

Eat deep-sea fishes and other squid Eat deep-sea fishes and other squid species; preyed on by some whales and species; preyed on by some whales and sharks [3]sharks [3]

Use tentacles to attack and immobilize its Use tentacles to attack and immobilize its prey [3]prey [3]

http://www.chiba-muse.or.jp/NATURAL/exhibitions/special_ex/2006sinkaiten/image_exp_specimens/architeuthis_fig2.jpg

Works CitedWorks Cited1.1. Campbell, Neil A., Jane B. Reece, Lisa Andrea. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven Alexander. Wasserman, Peter V. Campbell, Neil A., Jane B. Reece, Lisa Andrea. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven Alexander. Wasserman, Peter V.

Minorsky, and Robert Bradley Jackson. Minorsky, and Robert Bradley Jackson. BiologyBiology. San Francisco: Pearson, Benjamin Cummings, 2008. Print. . San Francisco: Pearson, Benjamin Cummings, 2008. Print. 2.2. "Giant Clam." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 28 Mar. 2010. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giant_clam>."Giant Clam." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 28 Mar. 2010. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giant_clam>.3.3. "Giant Squid, Architeuthis Dux at MarineBio.org." "Giant Squid, Architeuthis Dux at MarineBio.org." MarineBio.org - Marine Biology, Ocean Life Conservation, Sea MarineBio.org - Marine Biology, Ocean Life Conservation, Sea

Creatures, Biodiversity, Oceans Research...Creatures, Biodiversity, Oceans Research... Web. 28 Mar. 2010. <http://marinebio.org/species.asp?id=156>. Web. 28 Mar. 2010. <http://marinebio.org/species.asp?id=156>. 4.4. "Mollusk." "Mollusk." Monroe County Women's Disability NetworkMonroe County Women's Disability Network . Web. 28 Mar. 2010. . Web. 28 Mar. 2010.

<http://www.mcwdn.org/Animals/Mollusks.html>. <http://www.mcwdn.org/Animals/Mollusks.html>. 5.5. "Octopus Defense - The Master of Camouflage." "Octopus Defense - The Master of Camouflage." Cephalopod Information - Coral Sea Cephalopods - Nautilus, Cephalopod Information - Coral Sea Cephalopods - Nautilus,

Octopus and CuttlefishOctopus and Cuttlefish . Web. 28 Mar. 2010. <http://www.australiancephalopods.com/occy_defense.html>. . Web. 28 Mar. 2010. <http://www.australiancephalopods.com/occy_defense.html>. 6.6. "The Odd, Odd Octopus." "The Odd, Odd Octopus." Your Daily OctopusYour Daily Octopus. Web. 28 Mar. 2010. . Web. 28 Mar. 2010.

<http://fuckyeahoctopi.tumblr.com/post/413797291/the-odd-odd-octopus-mentalfloss-ink-in>. <http://fuckyeahoctopi.tumblr.com/post/413797291/the-odd-odd-octopus-mentalfloss-ink-in>. 7.7. "Origin of Bilateral-symmetrical Animals (Bilateria)." "Origin of Bilateral-symmetrical Animals (Bilateria)." National Center for Biotechnology InformationNational Center for Biotechnology Information . Web. 28 Mar. . Web. 28 Mar.

2010. <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15559569>. 2010. <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15559569>. 8.8. Photograph. Photograph. BiologyBiology. San Francisco: Pearson, Benjamin Cummings, 2008. 662. Print. . San Francisco: Pearson, Benjamin Cummings, 2008. 662. Print. 9.9. Photograph. Web. <http://29.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_ky3o4iPyRx1qzde41o1_500.jpg>. Photograph. Web. <http://29.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_ky3o4iPyRx1qzde41o1_500.jpg>. 10.10. Photograph. Web. <http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2006/12/images/061222-giant-squid.jpg>. Photograph. Web. <http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2006/12/images/061222-giant-squid.jpg>. 11.11. Photograph. Web. <http://oregonstate.edu/dept/nurspest/Images/mollusks/slugs/Arufusprofilethumb.JPG>. Photograph. Web. <http://oregonstate.edu/dept/nurspest/Images/mollusks/slugs/Arufusprofilethumb.JPG>. 12.12. Photograph. Web. <http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/11/Giant_clam_or_Tridacna_gigas.jpg>.Photograph. Web. <http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/11/Giant_clam_or_Tridacna_gigas.jpg>.13.13. Photograph. Web. <http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Tonicella-lineata.jpg/800px-Photograph. Web. <http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Tonicella-lineata.jpg/800px-

Tonicella-lineata.jpg>. Tonicella-lineata.jpg>. 14.14. Photograph. Web. <http://www.chiba-muse.or.jp/NATURAL/exhibitions/special_ex/2006sinkaiten/Photograph. Web. <http://www.chiba-muse.or.jp/NATURAL/exhibitions/special_ex/2006sinkaiten/

image_exp_specimens/architeuthis_fig2.jpg>. image_exp_specimens/architeuthis_fig2.jpg>. 15.15. Photograph. Web. <http://www.faqs.org/photo-dict/photofiles/list/4371/5816cooked_octopus.jpg>. Photograph. Web. <http://www.faqs.org/photo-dict/photofiles/list/4371/5816cooked_octopus.jpg>. 16.16. Photograph. Web. <http://www.pirx.com/gallery/albums/mollusks/radula.jpg>. Photograph. Web. <http://www.pirx.com/gallery/albums/mollusks/radula.jpg>.

17.17. "Slug Taxonomy." "Slug Taxonomy." Home Page for Oregon State UniversityHome Page for Oregon State University . Web. 28 Mar. 2010. . Web. 28 Mar. 2010.

<http://oregonstate.edu/dept/nurspest/slug_taxonomy.htm>.<http://oregonstate.edu/dept/nurspest/slug_taxonomy.htm>.