mollo neto & teixeira jr 2012 checlist of the genus aparasphenodon miranda ribeiro, 1920 (anura...

7/30/2019 Mollo Neto & Teixeira Jr 2012 Checlist of the genus Aparasphenodon Miranda Ribeiro, 1920 (Anura Hylidae) Distrib

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Journal of species lists and distribution

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Check List 8(6): 13031307, 2012

2012 Check List and Authors

ISSN 1809-127X (available at www.checklist.org.br)

The genus Aparasphenodon (Casque-headed frogs)

was originally described by Miranda-Ribeiro (1920) with

A. brunoi as the type species. In the same publication the

author also described Corythomantis apicalis from Esprito

Santo (Brazil). Five years later, Lutz (1925) described C.

adspersa, from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Both C. apicalis and

C. adspersa were later synonymized with A. brunoi by

Carvalho (1941). No type locality was originally provided

by Miranda-Ribeiro (1920) for A. brunoi, but the matter

was cleared later as the specimens were obtained from Riode Janeiro (Miranda-Ribeiro 1955).

Five decades later the genus was still monotypic

and Trueb (1970), after a morphological assessment

of Aparasphenodon, placed Corythomantis venezolana,

described by Mertens (1950), in the genusAparasphenodon.

This revealed a substantial disjunct distribution, as

Aparasphenodon brunoi occurs in the Atlantic Forest of

eastern Brazil andA. venezolanus in the Amazon forest of

southern Venezuela.

After approximately two decades, a new species from a

more southern part of the Atlantic Forest,Aparasphenodon

bokermanni, was described (Pombal 1993). And a fewyears ago the last known species (A. arapapa) was

described from the northernmost limit ofAparasphenodon

range along the Atlantic Forest, in coastal Bahia (Pimenta

et al. 2009).

The most conspicuous feature amongAparasphenodon

species is the strongly co-ossiied skin skull, especially inA.

brunoi, a character that seems to be related to phragmotic

behavior and may provide extra protection while hiding

inside bromeliad tanks and bamboo holes (Teixeira et al.

2002; Mesquita et al. 2004).

Here we provide an updated distributional map of

Aparasphenodon species compiled from the literature,

online databases (ZUEC, MBML and CFBH collections were

accessed through SpeciesLink web portal, vouchers not

examined) (SpeciesLink 2011), and museum specimens

from the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de So

Abstract: The distribution of the genus Aparasphenodon is mapped and we report the southernmost record of

Aparasphenodon brunoi from So Paulo state, Brazil.

1 Universidade Federal do ABC, Centro de Cincias Naturais e Humanas, Laboratrio de Vertebrados. Av. dos Estados 5001, Bloco A, 6 andar

DI624. CEP 09210-971. Santo Andr, SP, Brazil.

2 Universidade de So Paulo, Instituto de Biocincias, Departamento de Zoologia. Rua do Mato, Travessa 14, N 102. Caixa Postal 11.461. CEP

05422-970. So Paulo, SP, Brazil.

* Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]

Antonio Mollo Neto 1* and Mauro Teixeira Jr. 2

Checklist of the genusAparasphenodon Miranda-Ribeiro,

1920 (Anura: Hylidae): Distribution map, and new record

from So Paulo state, Brazil

Paulo (MZUSP) (Tables 1-4). Additionally, we report the

southernmost record ofA. brunoi from So Paulo state,

Brazil.

The distribution of the genus can be summarized

as follows: Aparasphenodon venezolanus is found in

the Amazon forest of southwestern Venezuela, eastern

Colombia and northern Brazil, and is known only from

a few localities (Table 1) along the Rio Negro basin; A.

arapapa is known from a few localities only (Table 2), in

the Atlantic Forest, between Paraguau and Jequitinhonharivers, in Bahia state; A. bokermanni is also known only

from a few localities (Table 3) in the subtropical Atlantic

Forest of southern So Paulo and Santa Catarina states,

and is expected to occur in the geographically intermediate

state of Parana, although no individuals have been

recorded there yet; A. brunoi is widely distributed over

the Atlantic Forest, and is reported from several localities

(Table 4) between northern coastal So Paulo state and

Bahia (Figure 1).

Sazima and Cardoso (1980), and later Gioia and

Souza-Lima (1988) recorded Aparasphenodon brunoi in

the restingas of Lzaro beach, Ubatuba municipality, inSo Paulo state. More than twenty years have passed and

no other locality ofA. brunoi in So Paulo state has been

recorded.

In August 2009 we collected, a juvenile male of

Aparasphenodon brunoi (snout-vent length 41.1 mm)

(Figure 2), which was found immobile inside an epiphytic

bromeliad, 50 cm above the ground, at about 20:00 h, on

the border of a small restinga forest fragment, no longer

than 200 m, in Caraguatatuba municipality, coastal So

Paulo state (233926.6 S, 452556.62 W, WGS 84, 5 m

a.s.l.). Our record conirms thatA. brunoi is still present in

the area, and represents the second locality for the species

in So Paulo, as well as the southernmost locality of its

distributional range, extending it approximately 35 km

southwestwards along the coast of So Paulo (Figure 3).

The specimen was euthanized using a lethal dose of


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Neto and Teixeira Jr.| Checklist ofAparasphenodon and a new record from Brazil

Figure 1. Geographic distribution map ofAparasphenodon species.

anesthesics, ixed in 10% formalin, preserved in 70%

alcohol (ICMBio permit number l4555-3), and deposited

in the herpetological collection of Museu de Zoologia da

Universidade de So Paulo, So Paulo (MZUSP 149809 ).

Table 1. Localities forAparasphenodon venezolanus.

Although very common in coastal restingas and some

inland forests in the northern part of its distribution,

Aparasphenodon brunoi seems to be relatively rare at the

southern end of its distribution, although ground and

epiphytic bromeliads are very abundant in that area. This

local rarity could be related to subtropical conditions,

which cause lower temperatures along the coastal plain,

thus working as a putative physiological barrier. Recently

substantial populations of the collared lizard Tropidurustorquatus (Sena et al. 2008) and of an anole lizard (the

authors, unpublished data) have been found on the

northern So Paulo coast, where despite large previous

sampling efforts they had never been recorded, (or only

from a few specimens). This southern expansion was

hypothesized to be related to global warming, allowing

those lizards to disperse southwards and colonize new

regions that they could not reach before (Sena et al. 2008).

It is dificult to evaluate whether the occurrence of

Aparasphenodon brunoi south of Ubatuba is a recent

expansion or the result of increased herpetofaunal

sampling efforts. However habitat destruction iscertainly shrinking the species distribution. The area in

Caraguatatuba where we found the specimen is a small

circular fragment ofrestinga forest, no more than 200 m

long, and not connected with any larger continuous piece

of forest. The collection locality is concealed within a

highly populated region where most of the original habitat

has been completely removed.

LOCALITY LATITUDE LONGITUDE SOURCE

Brazil, AM, PARNA Jau1 015445 S 613520 W Neckel-Oliveira and Gordo (2004)

Colmbia, Guainia, Cao Caiman (parte alta)1 033720 N 67577 W Lynch and Ramrez (2000)

Colmbia, Guainia, Cao Caiman (parte baja)1 033916.5 N 67578.5 W Lynch and Ramrez (2000)

Colmbia, Guainia, La Ceiba1 033753.2 N 675251.1 W Lynch and Ramrez (2000)

Venezuela, Amazonas, Cano Caname2 033557.31 N 671036.17 W Paolillo and Cerda (1981)

Venezuela, Amazonas, Cano San Miguel2 024035.76 N 665626.93 W Paolillo and Cerda (1981)

Venezuela, Amazonas, San Fernando de Atabapo2 0437 N 67426 W Mertens (1950)

Coordinates: 1=as given in the publication; 2=from city town; 3=obtained through Google Earth software.


Brazil, BA, Cairu, Faz. Subama1 13310 S 39260 W Pimenta et al. (2009)

Brazil, BA, Ituber, APA Pratigi1 134360 S 3910 W Pimenta et al. (2009)

Brazil, BA, Mara2 14655.54 S 385935.76 W Freitas et al. (2011)

Brazil, BA, Una, Acupe3 151257.23 S 385940.04 W ZUEC-AMP 16646

Table 2. Localities forAparasphenodon arapapa.


Table 3. Localities forAparasphenodon bokermanni.


Brazil, SP, Cananeia, PE Ilha do Cardoso1 25420.11 S 475456.54 W Pimenta et al. (2009)

Brazil, SC, Guaramirim2 262824.64 S 49012.21 W Woehl and Woehl (2003)

Brazil, SP, Iguape, EE Juria Itatins3 242935.71 S 471221.78 W Pombal (1993)

Brazil, SP, Itanham, Cidade Santa Julia3 241059.07 S 464721.75 W MZUSP 56409



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Table 4. Localities forAparasphenodon brunoi.


Brazil, BA, Canavieiras, Faz. Montecristo2 154040.44 S 385655.54 W Silvano and Pimenta (2003)

Brazil, BA, Porto Seguro, Arraial DAjuda3 162923.76 S 39458.06 W MBML-Anibios 2358

Brazil, BA, Porto Seguro, Carava3 16480 S 39860 W CFBH 13285.0

Brazil, BA, Porto Seguro, PARNA Pau Brasil3 163049.54 S 391548.14 W Silvano and Pimenta (2003)

Brazil, BA, Porto Seguro, RPPN Veracel3 162313.38 S 39845.9 W Pimenta et al. (2009)

Brazil, BA, Porto Seguro, Trancoso1 163743.21 S 39537.29 W Rocha et al. (2008)

Brazil, BA, Una, ESEX Lemos Maia1 15180 S 39460 W Arglo (2000)

Brazil, ES, Aracruz2 194910.48 S 401627.63 W Kasahara et al. (2003)

Brazil, ES, Aracruz, Barra do Sahi3 195243.14 S 4051.97 W MBML-Anibios 4739

Brazil, ES, Aracruz, Pau Brasil3 19510 S 40860 W MBML-Anibios 923

Brazil, ES, Aracruz, Santa Cruz3 19562.61 S 40818.89 W MBML-Anibios 3

Brazil, ES, Aracruz, Ter. Aqu. Barra do Riacho3 194952.83 S 40337.19 W MBML-Anibios 7202

Brazil, ES, Conceio da Barra, Itanas3 182527.73 S 394218.25 W CFBH 2394.0

Brazil, ES, Conceio da Barra, PE de Itanas3 182433.17 S 394254.61 W MBML-Anibios 4846

Brazil, ES, Guarapari, PE Paulo Csar Vinha3 203537.93 S 402446.27 W Nunes and Fagundes (2008)

Brazil, ES, Guarapari, Restinga de Setiba3 20400 S 402951 W MBML-Anibios 4738

Brazil, ES, Ibirau, Faz. do Morro das Palmas-Picun3 195155 S 402010 W MBML-Anibios 7419

Brazil, ES, Itapemirim, Lagoa Sete Pontas3 205559.48 S 404929.39 W MBML-Anibios 4743

Brazil, ES, Linhares, Estrada Linhares-Povoao3

192830.83 S 39548.92 W MBML-Anibios 2018Brazil, ES, Linhares, Paraju RFCVRD3 19644.73 S 395738.75 W ZUEC-AMP 9769

Brazil, ES, Praia das Neves1 21150 S 40580 W Rocha et al. (2008)

Brazil, ES, Presidente Kennedy1 211759 S 405730 W Wogel et al. (2006)

Brazil, ES, Presidente Kennedy1 211740 S 405734.99 W Wogel et al. (2006)

Brazil, ES, Presidente Kennedy, Praia das Neves4 211648 S 40589 W MBML-Anibios 4672

Brazil, ES, So Mateus, APA de Restinga de Guriri3 184933.91 S 394532.9 W MBML-Anibios 1803

Brazil, ES, So Mateus, Fazenda Lagoa Suruaca4 19818 S 394356 W MBML-Anibios 2377

Brazil, ES, So Mateus, So Mateus2 184258 S 395132 W MBML-Anibios 695

Brazil, ES, Setiba1 203460 S 40270 W Rocha et al. (2008)

Brazil, ES, Serra, Balnerio Costa Bela3 201022.17 S 401114.09 W MBML-Anibios 7386

Brazil, ES, Sooretama2 191150.27 S 40552.74 W MZUSP 12472122, MZUSP 125027

Brazil, ES, Vila Velha, Lagoa do Milho, Ponta da Fruta2 201947 S 401732 W ZUEC-AMP 3725

Brazil, ES, Vitria, Goiabeiras3 201533.87 S 401720.75 W MBML-Anibios 2109

Brazil, ES, Vitria, Restinga de Camburi3 201558.18 S 401555.31 W MBML-Anibios 4746

Brazil, MG, Marliria, PE Rio do Doce1 194158.67 S 423126.12 W Feio et al. (1999)

Brazil, RJ, Maric1 225718 S 424948.72 W Rocha et al. (2008)

Brazil, RJ, Guapimirim, RPPN Campo Esc. G.H. Nunes3 223447.24 S 4321.64 W Silva-Soares et al. (2010)

Brazil, RJ, Grumari1 2330 S 433160 W Rocha et al. (2008)

Brazil, RJ, Jurubatiba1 221660 S 414059.99 W Rocha et al. (2008)

Brazil, RJ, Massambaba1 225560 S 42120 W Rocha et al. (2008)

Brazil, RJ, Rio de Janeiro, Barra da Tijuca 3 225635.7 S 431719.29 W Pimenta et al. (2009)

Brazil, RJ, Rio de Janeiro, Recreio dos Bandeirantes3 23110.49 S 432845.24 W ZUEC-AMP 1969

Brazil, RJ, Rio de Janeiro, Restinga de Grumari3 23242.06 S 43323.31 W ZUEC-AMP 2758

Brazil, RJ, Casemiro de Abreu, Barra do So Joo3 223532.3 S 415926.53 W MZUSP 123705, MZUSP 12371415

Brazil, SP, Caraguatatuba5 233926.6 S 452556.62 W New Record (MZUSP 149809)

Brazil, SP, Ubatuba, Praia do Lzaro3 23303.01 S 45819.55 WSazima and Cardoso (1980); Gioia and Souza-Lima (1988)

Coordinates: 1= given in the publication; 2=from city town; 3=obtained through Google Earth software; 4= given on SpeciesLink web portal; 5=tookwith a GPS.

Aparasphenodon brunoi is currently considered of

least concern by the IUCN because it is widely distributed

(Rocha et al. 2004). However the populations are

decreasing, probably due to habitat loss as we observed

in Caraguatatuba, and due to other human activities along

the Brazilian sandy coastal plains, like human settlements

(Rocha et al. 2004).

Thus the new record presented here is of interestto the understanding of how climatic changes can affect

species range expansion, a relatively well documented

phenomenon for species inhabiting temperate areas

(Melles et al. 2011; Imbert et al. 2012; Mair et al.

2012), but that is still poorly addressed in tropical

environments, such as the Atlantic Forest. Our results

also point out that after more than 20 years without

any further record Aparasphenodon brunoi is still

present in the restinga forests of So Paulo state, a very

anthropized environment in the So Paulos AtlanticForest, which obviously needs urgent conservation

plans.


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Acknowledgments: We are grateful to Hussam Zaher and CarolinaCastro Mello for allowing access to specimens housed in the Museu deZoologia da Universidade de So Paulo. We also would like to thank MariaStrangas for reviewing the English and Carla Piantoni for comments andsuggestions on early version of this manuscript. We also thank PhilippeKok and an anonymous reviewer for comments and suggestions on thismanuscript.

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