HST ACS CO on ACS in EGS 1305123 at z=1.12

Molecular Gas in Star Forming Galaxies at z=1-3

Linda Tacconi, MPE Garching&

Santa Cruz Galaxy Evolution Workshop August 19, 2010

IRAM SFG LP Team: Reinhard Genzel, Alberto Bolatto, Frederic Bournaud, Andi Burkert, Francoise Combes, Julie Comerford, Mike Cooper, Pierre Cox, Marc Davis, Natascha Förster Schreiber, Santiago Garcia-Burillo,

Javier Gracia-Carpio, Dieter Lutz, Torsten Naab, Roberto Neri, Alain Omont, Kristen Shapiro, Alice Shapley,

Amiel Sternberg, Ben Weiner

A Survey of CO (3-2) Line Emission in

Massive z~1.2 and 2.2 Star Forming Galaxies

Tacconi et al. 2010,Genzel et al. 2010,IRAM LP Team, in prep

Noeske et al. 2007 Daddi et al. 2007

1

10

100

1000

1010

1011

1012

<z>=1.2

M* (M

sun)

SF

R (

Msu

n y

r-1)

1

10

100

1000

1010

1011

1012

<z>=2.2

M* (M

sun)

15-20 z~1-1.5 and z~2-2.5 SFGs M*=1010.7-11.2 M

SFR = 40-200 M/yr

EGS12007881 z=1.17

-1000 -500 0 500 1000

-1

0

1

2

3

EGS1305123 z=1.12

-500 0 500

-5

0

5

10

EGS13004291 z=1.197

-1000 -500 0 500 1000

0

10

20

30

Q1623-BX663 z=2.43

-1000 -500 0 500 1000

0.0

0.5

Q1623-BX599 z=2.33

-1000 -500 0 500 1000

0

1

2 Q1700-MD94 z=2.34

-1000 -500 0 500 1000

0

2

4

Q2343-BX610 z=2.21

-1000 -500 0 500 1000

0

2

4

EGS12011767 z=1.282

-1000 -500 0 500 1000

-1

0

1

Q1700-MD69 z=2.29

-1000 -500 0 500 1000

-1

0

1

2

EGS13003805 z=1.232

-1000 -500 0 500 1000-2

0

2

4

6

8

Q2343-BX442 z=2.18

-1000 -500 0 500 1000

-1

0

1

HDF-BX1439 z=2.19

-1000 -500 0 500 1000-1.0

-0.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

CO 3-2integrated spectra

EGS12012083 z=1.119

-1000 -500 0 500 1000-1

0

1

EGS13004661 z=1.193

-1000 -500 0 500 1000-1

0

1

2

EGS13011439 z=1.099

-1000 -500 0 500 1000-2

0

2

4

Q1700-BX691 z=2.19

-1000 -500 0 500 1000-0.5

0.0

0.5

1.0Q1700-MD174 z=2.34

velocity offset (km/s)

-1500 -1000 -500 0 500 1000 1500

flux

de

nsi

ty (

mJy

)

0.0

0.5

1.0

EGS13017614 z=1.18

-1000 -500 0 500 1000-2

-1

0

1

2

3

Q2343-BX389 z=2.17

-500 0 500

-0.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

425 km/s

1.5”

EGS13003805

EGS13004661

2”340 km/s

EGS13017614

100 km/s

1.5”

EGS1305123

235 km/s4”

EGS12007881

EGS12012083

3” 230 km/s

EGS13004291

Q2343-BX610

280 km/s

5” 42 kpc

EGS13011439

3”

EGS12011767

270 km/s

3”

First z~1.2 CO Rotation Curve

Tacconi et al. 2010

e

Mgas~1.3x1011 M; , M*~ 3x1011 M,, fgas ~0.3, vrot/σ = 8±2

2070

velocity dispersion

+100

-65

velocity

v = +36 km/s

109M

CO 3-2 - I - V

1”(8.4 kpc)

EGS1305123 z=1.12

-200

-100

0

100

200

-2 -1 0 1 2

NS

offset (arcseconds)

velo

city

(km

/s)

EGS1305123 z=1.12

-500 0 500

-5

0

5

10

CO in z=1.5 BzK Galaxies in GOODS-N

Daddi et al. 2008, 2010a, b Dannerbauer et al. 2009

CO (2-1)ACS – RGB Imaging

•6 massive BzK galaxies•Clumpy, unstable disks•Spatially resolved emission in 4•CO sizes (FWHM) 6-11 kpc•Mgas = 0.4-1.2x1010 M

A First Census of Cold Gas Fractions in z~1-3 Star Forming Galaxies

32 3 2(1 ) ( , ....)mol gas He CO COM f Z R L

Tacconi et al. 2010

Fmol-gas= Mgas/(Mgas+M*)

Gas-Star Formation Relation

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

0 1 2 3 4 5

y=1.17*x-3.48y=1.17*x -2.44 (0.12)SFGs

=1 merger=3.2 SFG

typical uncertainty

log(mol gas

(Msun

pc-2) )

log

( st

ar

form

(M

sunyr

-1kp

c-2)

)

Genzel et al. 2010 Also Daddi et al. 2010

Bigiel et al. 2008Kennicutt et al. 2007

z>1 SFG

Hubble

0.5-1 Gyrs at z~1-3

= 1.5 Gyrs at z~0

< T

requires semi-continuous replenishment

gasdepletion

M

SFR

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

0 1 2 3 4 5

y=1.17*x-3.48SFGs

=1 merger=3.2 SFG

typical uncertainty

log(mol gas

(Msun

pc-2

) )

log

(

sta

r fo

rm (

Msu

nyr

-1kp

c-2)

)

‘Elmegreen-Silk’ Star Formation Relation Accounting for Global

Galaxy Dynamical Timescale

Genzel et al 2010

SF relation likely driven by global dynamical processes

6.06.5

7.07.58.0

log dyn

0

1

2

3

log SFR

8 9 10 11

log Mmol-gas

z=0 SFGz=0 mergerz>1 mergerz>1 SFG

best plane:log(SFR)= -0.7(0.15)*log(

dyn) +1.34(0.1)*log(M

mol-gas) -7.2(1.4)

Fundamental Plane of Star Formation

6.06.57.07.58.0

log dyn

0

1

2

3

log SFR

89

1011

log Mmol-gas

z=0 SFGz=0 mergerz>1 mergerz>1 SFG

best plane:log(SFR)= -0.7(0.15)*log(

dyn) +1.34(0.1)*log(M

mol-gas) -7.2(1.4)

edge on view: stdev ~0.39 dexlittle difference between mergersand SFGs at all z

face on view: large difference between mergers and SFGs at z~0 and z>1

Genzel et al. 2010

Summary

• Star forming galaxies from z=1-3 are gas-rich with <fgas> ~ 0.4-0.5 (still limited statistics); slight decreasing trend with from z=2 to z=1.

•Evidence for molecular gas in rotating disks in some z~1 “normal” SF galaxies, probably also at z~2.

• The molecular gas–star formation relation does not depend much on redshift. Low- and high-z SFG galaxy populations follow a relation with slope 1.1 to 1.2, over three orders of magnitude in gas mass or surface density.

•SF-molecular gas relation likely driven by global dynamical effects.