Mold Damage on Ceiling and Wall

Classification Fungi based on hypha:

Somatic hyphae. A) Portion of a hypha having more than one nucleus (nonseptate);

B) Portion of a septate hypha.

I- Septate Hypha

1 -Aspergillus sp.

Mould , Filametous, cosmopolitan, ubiquitous Over 185 species, around 20 species are opportunistic infection in man, 4 common : 4 common : A. fumigatusA. fumigatus, , flavus,flavus, niger,niger, terreusterreus

Microscopic features:

Conidiophore, Vesicle at the apex bearing flask shaped phialides which are uniseriate ( attached to the vesicle directly) or are biseriate ( attaced to the vesicle by supporting cell Matula).

Colred spores according to the species. In chains from the end of the phialides.

Aspergillus fumigatus cause of Aspergillosis.

The name Penicillium comes from penicillus = brush, and this is based on the  brush-like appearance of the fruiting structures

2- PenicilliumPenicillium spp. spp. Widely distributed in nature .

Has NO vesicleHas NO vesicle

Conidiophore simple Conidiophore simple or branched and or branched and terminated by terminated by phialidesphialides

Apple rotting Penicillium expansum.

The fungus, Penicillium expansum, not only causes fruit decay but also produces the carcinogenic mycotoxin patulin. Patulin is also an antibiotic.[1] Several countries have instituted patulin restrictions in apple products. The World Health Organization recommends a maximum concentration of 50 µg/L in apple juice.[

Penicillium roquefortii  used in the manufacture of blue cheese.

Citrus fruits Penicillium italicum

two species of Penicillium at the same time. The smaller  bluish colony is Penicillium italicum.   The larger olive-green colony is Penicillium digitatum.  These are the two common species of Penicillium attacking citrus fruits.  

Penicillium chrysogenum

The Drug penicillin

A commonly mould in most homes

3 -Cladosporium spCladosporium appears gray to black or very dark green and can have a powdery appearance. The genus Cladosporium includes over 30 species.

Black molds ( black pigment protect it from Uv).

Commen on decaying plant.

-Conidiophore long and branched

- spores one or two celled and occur in long branching chains that arise from

Cladosporium sp. – Most commonly identified outdoor fungus. Common cause of extrinsic asthma

Conidiophores and conidia of Cladosporium cladosporioides.

Culture of Cladsporium cladosporioides

Cladosporium fulvum - Cladosporium Leaf Mold of Tomatoes

4- Fusarium sp.Filamentous

Conidiophores vary depend on the species, thin or thick and clustered to form sporodochia

Macroconidies falciformesFusarium sp.

Fusarium Root Rot - Fusarium sp.

Fusarium oxysporum, the fungus that causes Fusarium wilt of watermelon and muskmelon, as it would be seen under a high-power laboratory microscope: (a) conidiophores, many bearing macroconidia; (b) macroconidia; microconidia; (d) thick-walled chlamydospores

5- Alternaria sp.

Production of melanin- like pigment

Conidiophores divided

Conidiophores have vertical and transverase septa

Some Conidiophores have terminal end

Non septate hypha

Mucor sp.

• Sporingiophore derived from branched hypha

• Sporangiospores

• Large columella

Rhizopus sp

Cosmopolitan filamentous fungus

Common contaminants

Occational causes of serious infection in human

Some species are plant pathogen

Absidia sp

Rhizoids are rarely observed, when present THE Sporangiophore arise on stolon from points between the rhizoids

Pilobolus kleiniiPilobolus kleiniidungdung--lovingloving

The black caps containing the spores are shot off violently a distance of up to six feet and stick to grass blades in the vicinity. The grass and caps are eventually eaten by herbivores. The spores are released during digestion and are dispersed in the fecal droppings of the herbivore to start the cycle again.

SclerotiniaSclerotinia sclerotiorumsclerotiorum

األبيض مرض (العفن االسكليروتيني )

Sclerotinia Rot