mohammad shibin filings
TRANSCRIPT
IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE
EASTERN DISTRICT OF VIRGINIA
Norfolk Division
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA ))
v. ) CRIMINAL NO. 2:11cr33)
MOHAMMAD SAAILI SHIBIN, ))
Defendant. )
GOVERNMENT’S RESPONSE TO DEFENDANT’S MOTION TO SUPPRESS WITH MEMORANDUM OF LAW
The United States of America, by it attorneys, Neil H. MacBride, United States Attorney
for the Eastern District of Virginia, and Benjamin L. Hatch, Joseph E. DePadilla, and Brian J.
Samuels, Assistant United States Attorneys, respectfully submits this response to Defendant’s
Motion to Suppress with Memorandum of Law. For the reasons stated in detail herein, the
government respectfully submits that the defendant’s motion should be denied.
SUMMARY OF ARGUMENT
As Shibin concedes, the FBI’s interview of him on April 7 was appropriate and
admissible if he initiated the further discussion and knowingly waived his rights. The evidence
will show that Shibin was the one who engaged the further discussion on April 7. Shibin is a
multilingual 50 year old man and had already been interviewed three times by the FBI prior to
April 7. On each occasion, the FBI reviewed his Miranda rights with him and Shibin voluntarily
waived those rights. When, on April 7, Shibin indicated he wanted to speak with someone
knowledgeable about the law, the FBI promptly ceased questioning. The FBI only re-engaged
with Shibin after Shibin repeatedly indicated that he wanted to speak with the agents about his
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case. In fact, on several occasions the FBI advised Shibin that they could not speak with him
because he had requested a lawyer. It was only after Shibin affirmatively stated that he wished to
speak without an attorney present, and once again reviewed and executed the FBI’s advice of
rights form, that Shibin gave the additional incriminating statements on April 7. At that point,
Shibin was very knowledgeable about his Miranda rights, having gone over them several times
before with the FBI and it was at his behest that the FBI engaged in further discussion with him
on April 7. The FBI studiously followed the law of interrogation, and Shibin, a man who in
December of 2010 had successfully negotiated and extracted a ransom of several million dollars
for the release of a German vessel, the M/V Marida Marguerite, was fully capable of
understanding his rights and making an informed and voluntary decision regarding whether to
speak to the agents without an attorney present.
BACKGROUND
I. April 4 Interview
On or about April 4, 2011, Shibin was taken into foreign custody by elements of Somali
defense forces in Bosasso, Puntland. On April 4, two FBI agents – Supervisory Special Agent
Robert C. D’Amico and Special Agent Brian J. Maliszewski – interviewed Shibin. As part of
this interview, the agents provided Shibin with the FBI’s advice of rights form, which reflects the
standard Miranda warnings. They initially provided Shibin with an English advice of rights
form, which Shibin read out loud in English. Shibin was also offered an advice of rights form
translated into Somali, but Shibin indicated he did not need that version as he understood the
English version. Shibin was asked if he understood the rights and if he wished to continue
speaking with the agents. Shibin stated that he understood the document, signed it as requested,
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and agreed to speak with the agents. A copy of this executed form is attached hereto as
Attachment A.
During this interview, among other things, Shibin stated that he had been treated well1
while being detained and he expressed no complaints or issues relating to his detention. Shibin
was given a physical examination, which confirmed that he had no medical conditions that would
preclude him from being interviewed, and he was offered food.
Shibin stated that he was born in December of 1960 in Mogadishu, Somalia. He had
arrived in Bosasso on April 4th. On March 27, Shibin had been in Zambia and had traveled via
airlines and ground transportation from Lusaka, Zambia to Addis Ababa, Ethiopia and then
Djibouti, which was his last stop prior to arriving in Somalia. Prior to this trip, Shibin stated that
he had left Galcaio, Puntland on or about March 1, 2011 and traveled to Lusaka, Zambia. 2
Regarding prior employment, Shibin stated that he used to work for African Oil
Corporation (AOC). He claimed he was laid off about 18 months ago. Shibin served as a
dispatcher and translator for AOC. He would receive arrivals from the airport, transport them
around to where they needed to go and make all the logistical arrangements for them. Shibin
stated that he was good at this job because he could translate for them and he speaks good
English, some Italian, and good Arabic.
II. April 5 Interview
On April 5, Shibin was still in the custody of foreign forces and he was again interviewed
The government does not summarize all statements Shibin made during these interviews1
but does note statements or facts that are pertinent to his Motion to Suppress.
Puntland is a region in north-central Somalia.2
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by the FBI agents. Prior to this interview, Shibin was provided with a full night’s rest, water, and
the opportunity to conduct self-hygiene. The agents reviewed the same advice of rights form
executed by Shibin during the April 4 interview. Shibin stated that he understood the document,
signed it again, and agreed to continue to speak with the agents.
Shibin again indicated that he had been treated well during his period of detention. He
expressed no complaints or issues related to his detention. During this interview, Shibin gave
consent to search for his luggage and other personal effects at the location where he had been
staying. Shibin also discussed two cell phones that he had previously possessed and the phone
numbers associated with those cell phones.
III. April 6 Interview
On April 6, Shibin was still in the custody of foreign forces and he was again interviewed
by the FBI agents. As with the April 4 and 5 interviews, the agents reviewed Shibin’s rights3
with him and he executed the waiver of his rights and agreed to speak. As in the prior
interviews, Shibin indicated that he had been treated well and had no complaints. Prior to the
interview, he was provided with a meal, water, and an opportunity to conduct self-hygiene.
During this interview, Shibin stated that at some point he had begun translating for the
pirates. Shibin stated that he was initially approached by a nameless friend who proposed that
Shibin participate in crimes of piracy. Shibin indicated that he researched this possibility by
speaking to several of his friends and associates. Shibin stated that his friends explained that you
could make money by negotiating and not be considered a criminal. Shibin stated that he
There were substantial breaks between the interviews on April 4, 5, and 6, and in3
between each interview Shibin had a night’s sleep.
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believed he would not be considered a criminal if he did not actually hijack the vessel.
Shibin stated that he operated as a pirate negotiator one time, during the hijacking of the
German vessel named the M/V Marida Marguerite. Shibin stated that he earned $30,000 for his
participation in that hijacking. Shibin stated that another person, named Leon, took his place on
the Marida Marguerite at some point and that was one of the reasons that negotiation took longer.
Shibin was shown a photograph of himself on the Marida Marguerite and he stated that the
photograph was him on the Marida Marguerite. Shibin stated that he went to the Marida
Marguerite because the pirates called him directly. The pirates had requested that he serve as a
translator for the pirate crew. Shibin described the scene on the Marida Marguerite as horrible.
He stated that all of the hostages were kept in a small area in the wheelhouse. Shibin stated that
he left the Marida Marguerite in December of 2010.
With regard to the hijacking of the S/V Quest, Shibin was shown a picture of a cell phone
he previously possessed. Shibin affirmed that the phone looked like his phone. Shibin claimed4
that he lost the phone in a taxi while in Zambia, sometime within the past several weeks.
Shibin was next shown a collection of screen shots from his cell phone. These screen3
shots included internet searches conducted via the cell phone on February 19 and 20, 2011 – the
Quest was hijacked on February 18. The screen shots showed several internet searches
conducted through the phone in that time period, including the following: “Hijacked S/V Quest
This cell phone previously possessed by Shibin had the phone number that the pirates4
who had seized the S/V Quest gave to the military, along with Shibin’s name, as the contactnumber for their negotiator.
A “screen shot” is a photograph of the display screen of the cell phone. The cell phone3
can display various things in its display screen, including prior incoming and outgoing phonecalls and internet searches conducted via the phone.
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by somali pirates,” “Jean and Scott Adams telephone number,” “address of hijacked S/V Quest
owner,” “jean and scott adams profile,” and “Hijacked S/V Quest value.” After reviewing these
screen shots, Shibin stated that the pictures were from his phone. Shibin stated that he had
searched the topics noted above using the phone.
Shibin also noted that the had an “auto-alert” feature that sent messages about
highjackings in and around Somalia directly to his phone. Shibin stated that you have to know
the number of people and the value of the boat. Shibin claimed that he had researched the Quest
solely out of curiosity. Shibin stated that he did not agree to help them with the Quest. He
further stated that he knew about the hijacking of the Quest, but he was never interested in
negotiating for its return or release.
IV. April 7 Interviews
Between the April 6 interview summarized above and the April 7 interviews summarized
below, Shibin was taken into the custody of the FBI pursuant to an arrest warrant issued in the
Eastern District of Virginia. Shibin was transported out of Somalia and ultimately placed on a
Gulfstream V (G-V) airplane owned by the Department of Justice and transported back to the
United States.
When Shibin and the arresting agents were awaiting the arrival of the G-V to transport
Shibin back to the United States, Shibin expressed to Special Agent Maliszewski that he wanted
to speak further to explain things. When Supervisory Special Agent D’Amico arrived to conduct
the interview, the agents reviewed with Shibin the offenses with which he was charged. At that
point, Shibin apparently had a change of mind and stated that he did not want to talk anymore
and he thought he needed professional help with this. When asked to clarify what he meant,
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Shibin stated that he needed someone who knows the law. Erring on the side of caution, the
agents treated this statement as an invocation of the right to counsel and therefore ceased further
discussion with Shibin. When the G-V arrived with additional agents, Special Agent4
Maliszewski notified the agents who had arrived on the G-V that Shibin had invoked his right to
counsel. As a result, the agents initially did not seek to interview Shibin further on the return
flight. The agents aboard the G-V were Special Agents Kevin P. Coughlin and Edward Deck.
Detective Frederick A. Galloway of the New York City Police Department was also present.
Supervisory Special Agent D’Amico joined this group for the flight back to the United States.
The G-V is a small jet, and the seating arrangement is such that two rows of seats face
each other, rather than each row facing the back of the row in front, as is usual in larger
passenger aircraft. For the return flight Shibin sat in one seat looking forward with an agent
immediately to his right (also facing forward). Two agents sat in seats in front of Shibin facing
toward him (toward the rear of the aircraft). As a result, Shibin and the agents were generally
within speaking range for the duration of the return flight.
After some time passed on the return flight, Shibin started indicating that he wanted to5
speak to the agents and detective. Specifically, Shibin started asking questions about the case.
Shibin’s Motion to Suppress understandably references a section of a report by Special4
Agent Coughlin which states that, with regard to the April 7 interviews, “SHIBIIN initiallyindicated that he did not want to speak and that he wanted to speak to an attorney.” Motion toSuppress at 4-5. This reference in Special Agent Coughlin’s report actually reflects thesubstance of what Special Agent Maliszewski told Coughlin when Coughlin arrived on the G-V. That is, Maliszewski summarized for Coughlin what Shibin had earlier stated to Maliszewski andD’Amico. Maliszewski did this because the agents were treating Shibin’s earlier statement as aninvocation of the right to counsel, and therefore Maliszewski was advising Coughlin in essenceto avoid further interrogation.
The G-V’s return flight from Africa to the United States took a number of hours.5
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Special Agent Coughlin told Shibin that he (Coughlin) would like to speak with him but that he
was not allowed to engage in conversation with Shibin because Shibin had requested an
attorney. 4
After some more time went by, Shibin again started talking to the agents and asking
questions about his case. Special Agent Coughlin again admonished Shibin that they could not
talk to him because Shibin had requested an attorney. Special Agent Coughlin recalls this same
back-and-forth pattern – i.e., Shibin attempting to engage in further conversation about his case
and the agents admonishing that they could not speak to him further – occurring approximately
three to six times.
Eventually, as Shibin persisted in his efforts to talk, Special Agent Coughlin told Shibin
that it was up to him (Shibin) if he wanted to talk to the agents. Special Agent Coughlin told
Shibin that Shibin had to be the one to engage them in the conversation because Shibin was the
one who asked for an attorney. Special Agent Coughlin advised Shibin that the agents could not
initiate discussions with him, but if Shibin changed his mind about wanting an attorney, he could
initiate further conversation with them. Shibin then said he wanted to talk. Special Agent
Coughlin asked him if that meant he was fine with answering questions without an attorney
present. Shibin said yes. At this point, Special Agent Coughlin presented Shibin with the FBI
advice of rights form. Shibin reviewed it, stated that he understood his rights, and signed the
form. A copy of the form, and the form that was used at the later interview that same day, is
Special Agent Coughlin is an attorney. He previously served as a Judge Advocate4
General (JAG) officer in the United States Marine Corp, and continues to serve in the MarineCorp reserves. While on active duty, he served as a military prosecutor for about one year and amilitary defense counsel for about a year and a half. In that capacity, he dealt with issuespertinent to rights advisements in the military process.
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attached as Attachment B.
During the ensuing interview, Shibin stated, among other things, that an individual,
whose name he gave, had contacted him and told him that the hijacking of the Quest had
occurred. This person asked Shibin if he would be the negotiator and translator for the pirates.
Shibin claimed that he told this person that he would think about it. Shibin stated this is when he
began conducting the internet searches about the hostages on the Quest and the value of the boat.
Shibin stated that he looked into it in case he wanted to get involved in it. Shibin claimed that
two days after being contacted by the individual, he called the person back and told him that he
would not be the negotiator for the Quest.
With regard to the Marida Marguerite, Shibin stated again that he was paid $30,000 for
assisting with the hijacking of the ship. Shibin stated that after the ship was hijacked the people
who hijacked the ship could not talk to the owners of the ship due to the language barrier. As a
result, they asked Shibin to conduct the negotiations and Shibin claimed that he thought he was
helping by being a “go between.” Shibin claimed that after the Marida Marguerite hijacking, he
“had enough.”
Later in the day on April 7, the agents went back to Shibin to show him some pictures and
clarify some matters. Prior to this discussion, Shibin was again given the Miranda warnings and
again agreed to speak. In this interview, Shibin discussed a pirate investor that he knew.
ARGUMENT
As Shibin states, the issue is whether, after indicating that he wanted to speak to an
attorney, he initiated further conversation with the FBI. If he did, then his ensuing statements,
provided after a voluntary waiver of Miranda rights, are admissible.
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At the outset, the government notes that it does not concede that Shibin unambiguously
invoked his right to counsel under the standard set forth in Davis v. United States, 512 U.S. 452
(1994). In Davis v. United States, the Supreme Court held that ambiguous or equivocal
assertions of the need for counsel do not invoke the right and require law enforcement to cease
questioning. Id. at 459 (“We decline petitioner’s invitation to extend Edwards and require law
enforcement officers to cease questioning immediately upon the making of an ambiguous or
equivocal reference to an attorney.”). In Davis, the Supreme Court found the statement “Maybe I
should talk to a lawyer” to be ambiguous. Id. at 458-60. Applying Davis, the Fourth Circuit
concluded that the statement “I think I need a lawyer” was equivocal. Burket v. Angelone, 208
F.3d 172, 197-98 (4th Cir. 2000). See also Diaz v. Senkowski, 76 F.3d 61, 63-65 (2d Cir. 1996)
(statements “I think I want a lawyer” and “Do you think I need a lawyer?” were equivocal).
Although the government does not concede the point, it is unnecessary for the court to
resolve whether Shibin’s statement was sufficiently unambiguous under Davis because the agents
erred on the side of caution and treated his statement as an invocation of the right to counsel.
Because, for the reasons stated herein, the agents complied with the law even if Shibin invoked
the right to counsel, it is not necessary for the Court to determine whether Shibin’s statement was
unambiguous under Davis.
Once the right to counsel is asserted, a subject in custody may not be interrogated outside
counsel’s presence “unless the accused himself initiates further communication, exchanges, or
conversations with the police.” Edwards v. Arizona, 451 U.S. 477, 484-85 (1981) (emphasis
added). See also McNeil v. Wisconsin, 501 U.S. 171, 177 (1991); Minnick v. Mississippi, 498
U.S. 146, 156 (1990) (“Edwards does not foreclose finding a waiver of Fifth Amendment
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protections after counsel has been requested, provided the accused has initiated the conversation
or discussions with the authorities”). The Edwards framework applies regardless of whether the
counsel-right at issue arises under the Fifth or Sixth Amendments. See Montejo v. Louisiana,
129 S.Ct. 2079, 2091-92 (2009). If the defendant initiates the further discussion, then his
statements are admissible so long as there is a knowing, intelligent, and voluntary waiver of
counsel. Correll v. Thompson, 63 F.3d 1279, 1285 (4th Cir. 1995) (post-invocation statements
are admissible “if the defendant initiated the further discussions with the police and the defendant
knowingly and intelligently waived his right to counsel.”).
Here, it was Shibin who initiated the further discussion with the agents. On the return
flight, Shibin repeatedly attempted to engage the agents in discussions about his case and to ask
questions about his case. After stating several times that they could not talk to him, the agents,
after making sure that Shibin wanted to proceed without an attorney and advising Shibin of his
Miranda rights, engaged in further communication with Shibin at his behest.
This case is remarkably similar to the facts of Oregon v. Bradshaw, 462 U.S. 1039
(1983), where a plurality of the Supreme Court concluded that a defendant’s post-invocation
statement “Well, what is going to happen to me now?” constituted initiation of further
communication under Edwards. Id. at 1045-46 (plurality opinion). Similar to law5
enforcement’s response here, the officer in Bradshaw initially responded to the defendant that
due to the defendant’s request of a lawyer, any further discussion had to be of the defendant’s
Justice Powell, whose concurrence in the judgment was necessary for the result, rejected5
the idea that the courts should engage in an initial determination regarding whether the defendant“initiated” conversation, and instead voted to reverse because the defendant’s waiver of his rightto counsel was voluntary under all the circumstances. Id. at 1050-51 (Powell, J., concurring inthe judgment).
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own free will. Id. at 1042. And just as here, law enforcement in Bradshaw subsequently
provided Miranda warnings to the defendant and obtained further statements.
After initiating further conversation, Shibin knowingly, intelligently, and voluntarily
waived his rights to remain silent and to counsel. In general, a waiver of the Miranda rights6
must be “made with a full awareness of both the nature of the right being abandoned and the
consequences of the decision to abandon it.” Moran v. Burbine, 475 U.S. 412, 421 (1986). But
“[t]he Constitution does not require that a criminal suspect know and understand every possible
consequence of a waiver of the Fifth Amendment privilege.” Colorado v. Spring, 479 U.S. 564,
574 (1987). In Harris v. Riddle, 551 F.2d 936 (4th Cir. 1977), for example, Harris, of low
intelligence, waived his Miranda rights and gave an inculpatory statement, wrongly believing
In this response, the government assumes that the basic Miranda advisement-waiver6
framework applies to an extraterritorial interrogation of an alien. See In re Terrorist Bombings,552 F.3d 177, 205 n.20 (2d Cir. 2008) (assuming, without deciding, that the Miranda framework“governs the admissibility of statements obtained by U.S. agents in the course of custodialinterrogations conducted overseas” because Miranda was satisfied in that case). However,precedent confirms that in the context of extraterritorial interrogations, particularly those ofaliens, the Miranda prophylactic rules can be modified to conform to the local conditions, even ifthose local conditions do not allow for access to counsel. See Cranford v. Rodriguez, 512 F.2d860, 862-64 (10th Cir. 1975) (approving FBI’s Miranda admonition before interrogation inMexico that omitted right to counsel but stated that suspect could consult American Consulateand noting that “we recognize that it was not possible to get an attorney and yet this should notmean that while the defendant is in detention investigation must stop”); United States v. Dopf,434 F.2d 205, 206-207 (5th Cir. 1970) (upholding Miranda warning in Mexico in which FBIagent stated that he could not furnish suspects with lawyer in Mexico but offered to contactAmerican Consul). “As these decisions [Cranford and Dopf] demonstrate, where Miranda hasbeen applied to overseas interrogations by U.S. agents, it has been so applied in a flexible fashionto accommodate the exigencies of local conditions.” In re Terrorist Bombings, 552 F.3d 177,205 (2d Cir. 2008). Here, for example, there was no defense counsel available on the G-V. Because the agents complied with heightened standards applicable to domestic interrogations,however, it is unnecessary for the court to consider whether lesser standards in fact applied giventhe extraterritorial circumstances of the interrogation.
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among other things that oral confessions were not admissible in court. After his conviction
Harris challenged the waiver, arguing that the police were obligated to go beyond the prescribed
warnings to ensure that he understood not only his right to remain silent “but also the
consequences of his failure to exercise it.” Id. at 938. But the Fourth Circuit rejected Harris’s
claim, holding that “Miranda does not put upon the police the burden of explaining the rules of
evidence and the substantive criminal law.” Id. The Court explained:
When the police have fully and fairly given a suspect the Miranda warnings theirduty is discharged, and we hold that they are under no further and additional dutywhether or not the suspect acts wisely or foolishly or misapprehends either thefacts or the law. . . . Harris chose to speak with the knowledge that he could keepsilent or have counsel present when he talked. That is the meaning of intelligentwaiver; that and no more.
Id. at 939.
As the Fourth Circuit recently noted in United States v. Clenney, 631 F.3d 658, 668 (4th
Cir. 2011): “There is a value to keeping things simple and certain. The officers complied with
Miranda, and that ends the matter. Clenney received valid Miranda warnings, understood them,
and waived them.”
Just so here. Special Agent Coughlin asked Shibin specifically if Shibin wanted to
engage in further discussion without an attorney present, and Shibin stated that he did. The
agents then provided Shibin with the standard Miranda warnings – warnings that Shibin had
already reviewed with agents on three prior occasions – and Shibin elected to waive those rights7
and speak. Shibin is a 50 year old male capable of making informed decisions. He is educated
Shibin makes no claim that he failed to understand those same Miranda rights when he7
was interviewed on April 4, 5, and 6, and neither does he claim that his waiver of those rights onany of those occasions was unknowing or involuntary.
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and speaks English, Italian, Arabic, and Somali. He has previously worked in jobs in which he
facilitated travel and transport by others, and recently before his interviews he had traveled
himself from Zambia to Somalia. And, just a few months prior to these events, Shibin had
successfully negotiated the ransom of a hijacked German vessel. Those ransom negotiations
involved international phone calls and months of back-and-forth negotiations with
representatives of the company. At the time of Shibin’s April 7 interview, he was not in a police
station house or in jail; rather, he was riding on a small jet. Further evidence of the voluntary
nature of Shibin’s April 7 statement comes from the content of the statement itself. The April 7
statement reflects Shibin’s effort to put his own spin on his involvement in the Marida
Marguerite hijacking and his claims of non-involvement in the Quest hijacking. Seeing that he
was now in the custody of the United States, Shibin was making a calculated decision to speak to
the agents and to try and tell the best possible story to the agents.
Although his statements on April 7 reflect Shibin’s spin efforts, they are, as Shibin
recognizes in his motion, highly incriminating. See Motion to Suppress at 2. In addition to
reiterating his involvement in piracy and the Marida Marguerite hijacking, Shibin’s April 7
statements contain important discrepancies from his earlier statements, demonstrating that he is
lying in important respects, and also contain other statements regarding his knowledge of the
pirates involved in the Quest that the government will be able to prove are false by other
evidence.
Shibin at times argues that he also invoked his right to remain silent, but the standards
applicable to further interrogation after a defendant asserts his right to remain silent are lower
than the standards applicable to a defendant who has asserted the right to counsel. See Michigan
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v. Mosley, 423 U.S. 96, 104 (1975) (“We therefore conclude that the admissibility of statements
obtained after the person in custody has decided to remain silent depends under Miranda on
whether his ‘right to cut off questioning’ was ‘scrupulously honored.’”); id. at 104 n.10 (rejecting
claim that Miranda requires no further questioning after invocation of right to remain silent). In
essence, even if Shibin invoked his right to remain silent, the agents had to honor that request but
would have been able to enquire whether Shibin wished to speak further. Shibin’s assertion of a
desire to speak and his waiver of his rights enabled the agents to engage in further
communication with him.
CONCLUSION
For the foregoing reasons, the United States respectfully submits that the defendant’s
motion to suppress should be denied.
Respectfully submitted,
Neil H. MacBrideUnited States Attorney
By: /s/ Benjamin L. HatchJoseph E. DePadillaBrian J. SamuelsAssistant United States AttorneysAttorney for the United StatesUnited States Attorney’s Office101 West Main Street, Suite 8000Norfolk, VA 23510Office Number: 757-441-6331Facsimile Number: 757-441-6689E-Mail Address: [email protected]
[email protected] [email protected]
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Certificate of Service
I hereby certify that on the 8th day of August, 2011, I electronically filed the foregoing
with the Clerk of Court using the CM/ECF system, which will send a notification to the
following:
James Broccoletti
Zoby & Broccoletti, P.C.
6663 Stoney Point S.
Norfolk, VA 23502
Counsel for defendant MOHAMMAD SAAILI SHIBIN
/s/ Benjamin L. Hatch
Assistant United States Attorney
United States Attorney’s Office
101 West Main Street, Suite 8000
Norfolk, VA 23510
Office Number: 757-441-6331
Facsimile Number: 757-441-6689
Email: [email protected]
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