mohamedel-tahir el-mesawi introduction: the...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: MohamedEl-Tahir El-Mesawi Introduction: The Problemirep.iium.edu.my/15373/1/Human_Nature_and_the_University... · 2012-01-26 · mould human beings according to its reductionist secular-materialist](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042409/5f26a4c4032c3e37202167c1/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
HUMAN NATURE AND THE UNIVERSALITY OF THESHARI'AH: FlTRAH AND MAQASlD AL-SHARI' AH IN THE
WORKS OF SHAH WAll ALLAH AND IBN 'ASHUR*
Mohamed El-Tahir El-Mesawi
Introduction: The Problem
Human history has never seen before such a systematic and constantdenial of human nature as it has seen in the modem age. This is dueto the influence ofthe triumphant Promethean-Faustian spirit that hasdominated modem Western civilization-European at the start, EuroAmerican at the end. That spirit does not seem to be content with thefar-reaching techniques and processes developed to condition andmould human beings according to its reductionist secular-materialistworld-view whose devastating moral, social, cultural and politicalconsequences have already become highly visible. Thus, it hasentered a new phase of its dehumanizing of human life and society.'Even the conception of human nature as a blank slate or tabula rasathat has served to underpin the various social and political theoriesfonnulated to regulate society over the last few centuries is nowfoundering under the onslaught of unfettered subverting forces thatuse effective means provided by science and technology to attaintheir goals.
The problem has reached unprecedented degrees of gravitygoing far beyond the implications of the reductionist and seculartheories of human nature that have prevailed in Western thoughtsince the Renaissance and Enlightenment periods and affected invarying degrees philosophical and social thought in the world. The
* This is a revised and expanded version of a paper read at a one-day seminaron Shah Wali Allah of Delhi organized by the Department of History andCivilization, International Islamic University Malaysia on February 25. 2003.
I On the notion of dehumanization and alienation of man from his nature. seefor example Rene Dubos, So Human an Animal. New York: Charles Scribner'sSons, 1968 and Seyyed Hossein Nasr, Man and Nature: The Spiritual Crisis inModern Man, Chicago: ABC International Group, Inc, 1997 (1967).
167
![Page 2: MohamedEl-Tahir El-Mesawi Introduction: The Problemirep.iium.edu.my/15373/1/Human_Nature_and_the_University... · 2012-01-26 · mould human beings according to its reductionist secular-materialist](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042409/5f26a4c4032c3e37202167c1/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
![Page 3: MohamedEl-Tahir El-Mesawi Introduction: The Problemirep.iium.edu.my/15373/1/Human_Nature_and_the_University... · 2012-01-26 · mould human beings according to its reductionist secular-materialist](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042409/5f26a4c4032c3e37202167c1/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
![Page 4: MohamedEl-Tahir El-Mesawi Introduction: The Problemirep.iium.edu.my/15373/1/Human_Nature_and_the_University... · 2012-01-26 · mould human beings according to its reductionist secular-materialist](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042409/5f26a4c4032c3e37202167c1/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: MohamedEl-Tahir El-Mesawi Introduction: The Problemirep.iium.edu.my/15373/1/Human_Nature_and_the_University... · 2012-01-26 · mould human beings according to its reductionist secular-materialist](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042409/5f26a4c4032c3e37202167c1/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: MohamedEl-Tahir El-Mesawi Introduction: The Problemirep.iium.edu.my/15373/1/Human_Nature_and_the_University... · 2012-01-26 · mould human beings according to its reductionist secular-materialist](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042409/5f26a4c4032c3e37202167c1/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: MohamedEl-Tahir El-Mesawi Introduction: The Problemirep.iium.edu.my/15373/1/Human_Nature_and_the_University... · 2012-01-26 · mould human beings according to its reductionist secular-materialist](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042409/5f26a4c4032c3e37202167c1/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: MohamedEl-Tahir El-Mesawi Introduction: The Problemirep.iium.edu.my/15373/1/Human_Nature_and_the_University... · 2012-01-26 · mould human beings according to its reductionist secular-materialist](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042409/5f26a4c4032c3e37202167c1/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: MohamedEl-Tahir El-Mesawi Introduction: The Problemirep.iium.edu.my/15373/1/Human_Nature_and_the_University... · 2012-01-26 · mould human beings according to its reductionist secular-materialist](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042409/5f26a4c4032c3e37202167c1/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: MohamedEl-Tahir El-Mesawi Introduction: The Problemirep.iium.edu.my/15373/1/Human_Nature_and_the_University... · 2012-01-26 · mould human beings according to its reductionist secular-materialist](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042409/5f26a4c4032c3e37202167c1/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: MohamedEl-Tahir El-Mesawi Introduction: The Problemirep.iium.edu.my/15373/1/Human_Nature_and_the_University... · 2012-01-26 · mould human beings according to its reductionist secular-materialist](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042409/5f26a4c4032c3e37202167c1/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: MohamedEl-Tahir El-Mesawi Introduction: The Problemirep.iium.edu.my/15373/1/Human_Nature_and_the_University... · 2012-01-26 · mould human beings according to its reductionist secular-materialist](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042409/5f26a4c4032c3e37202167c1/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: MohamedEl-Tahir El-Mesawi Introduction: The Problemirep.iium.edu.my/15373/1/Human_Nature_and_the_University... · 2012-01-26 · mould human beings according to its reductionist secular-materialist](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042409/5f26a4c4032c3e37202167c1/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: MohamedEl-Tahir El-Mesawi Introduction: The Problemirep.iium.edu.my/15373/1/Human_Nature_and_the_University... · 2012-01-26 · mould human beings according to its reductionist secular-materialist](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042409/5f26a4c4032c3e37202167c1/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: MohamedEl-Tahir El-Mesawi Introduction: The Problemirep.iium.edu.my/15373/1/Human_Nature_and_the_University... · 2012-01-26 · mould human beings according to its reductionist secular-materialist](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042409/5f26a4c4032c3e37202167c1/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: MohamedEl-Tahir El-Mesawi Introduction: The Problemirep.iium.edu.my/15373/1/Human_Nature_and_the_University... · 2012-01-26 · mould human beings according to its reductionist secular-materialist](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042409/5f26a4c4032c3e37202167c1/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
![Page 17: MohamedEl-Tahir El-Mesawi Introduction: The Problemirep.iium.edu.my/15373/1/Human_Nature_and_the_University... · 2012-01-26 · mould human beings according to its reductionist secular-materialist](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042409/5f26a4c4032c3e37202167c1/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: MohamedEl-Tahir El-Mesawi Introduction: The Problemirep.iium.edu.my/15373/1/Human_Nature_and_the_University... · 2012-01-26 · mould human beings according to its reductionist secular-materialist](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042409/5f26a4c4032c3e37202167c1/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: MohamedEl-Tahir El-Mesawi Introduction: The Problemirep.iium.edu.my/15373/1/Human_Nature_and_the_University... · 2012-01-26 · mould human beings according to its reductionist secular-materialist](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042409/5f26a4c4032c3e37202167c1/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: MohamedEl-Tahir El-Mesawi Introduction: The Problemirep.iium.edu.my/15373/1/Human_Nature_and_the_University... · 2012-01-26 · mould human beings according to its reductionist secular-materialist](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042409/5f26a4c4032c3e37202167c1/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: MohamedEl-Tahir El-Mesawi Introduction: The Problemirep.iium.edu.my/15373/1/Human_Nature_and_the_University... · 2012-01-26 · mould human beings according to its reductionist secular-materialist](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042409/5f26a4c4032c3e37202167c1/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: MohamedEl-Tahir El-Mesawi Introduction: The Problemirep.iium.edu.my/15373/1/Human_Nature_and_the_University... · 2012-01-26 · mould human beings according to its reductionist secular-materialist](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042409/5f26a4c4032c3e37202167c1/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
![Page 23: MohamedEl-Tahir El-Mesawi Introduction: The Problemirep.iium.edu.my/15373/1/Human_Nature_and_the_University... · 2012-01-26 · mould human beings according to its reductionist secular-materialist](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042409/5f26a4c4032c3e37202167c1/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
![Page 24: MohamedEl-Tahir El-Mesawi Introduction: The Problemirep.iium.edu.my/15373/1/Human_Nature_and_the_University... · 2012-01-26 · mould human beings according to its reductionist secular-materialist](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042409/5f26a4c4032c3e37202167c1/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
![Page 25: MohamedEl-Tahir El-Mesawi Introduction: The Problemirep.iium.edu.my/15373/1/Human_Nature_and_the_University... · 2012-01-26 · mould human beings according to its reductionist secular-materialist](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042409/5f26a4c4032c3e37202167c1/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: MohamedEl-Tahir El-Mesawi Introduction: The Problemirep.iium.edu.my/15373/1/Human_Nature_and_the_University... · 2012-01-26 · mould human beings according to its reductionist secular-materialist](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042409/5f26a4c4032c3e37202167c1/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
![Page 27: MohamedEl-Tahir El-Mesawi Introduction: The Problemirep.iium.edu.my/15373/1/Human_Nature_and_the_University... · 2012-01-26 · mould human beings according to its reductionist secular-materialist](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042409/5f26a4c4032c3e37202167c1/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
![Page 28: MohamedEl-Tahir El-Mesawi Introduction: The Problemirep.iium.edu.my/15373/1/Human_Nature_and_the_University... · 2012-01-26 · mould human beings according to its reductionist secular-materialist](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042409/5f26a4c4032c3e37202167c1/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
![Page 29: MohamedEl-Tahir El-Mesawi Introduction: The Problemirep.iium.edu.my/15373/1/Human_Nature_and_the_University... · 2012-01-26 · mould human beings according to its reductionist secular-materialist](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042409/5f26a4c4032c3e37202167c1/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
![Page 30: MohamedEl-Tahir El-Mesawi Introduction: The Problemirep.iium.edu.my/15373/1/Human_Nature_and_the_University... · 2012-01-26 · mould human beings according to its reductionist secular-materialist](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042409/5f26a4c4032c3e37202167c1/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
![Page 31: MohamedEl-Tahir El-Mesawi Introduction: The Problemirep.iium.edu.my/15373/1/Human_Nature_and_the_University... · 2012-01-26 · mould human beings according to its reductionist secular-materialist](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042409/5f26a4c4032c3e37202167c1/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
![Page 32: MohamedEl-Tahir El-Mesawi Introduction: The Problemirep.iium.edu.my/15373/1/Human_Nature_and_the_University... · 2012-01-26 · mould human beings according to its reductionist secular-materialist](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042409/5f26a4c4032c3e37202167c1/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
![Page 33: MohamedEl-Tahir El-Mesawi Introduction: The Problemirep.iium.edu.my/15373/1/Human_Nature_and_the_University... · 2012-01-26 · mould human beings according to its reductionist secular-materialist](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042409/5f26a4c4032c3e37202167c1/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
![Page 34: MohamedEl-Tahir El-Mesawi Introduction: The Problemirep.iium.edu.my/15373/1/Human_Nature_and_the_University... · 2012-01-26 · mould human beings according to its reductionist secular-materialist](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042409/5f26a4c4032c3e37202167c1/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
![Page 35: MohamedEl-Tahir El-Mesawi Introduction: The Problemirep.iium.edu.my/15373/1/Human_Nature_and_the_University... · 2012-01-26 · mould human beings according to its reductionist secular-materialist](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042409/5f26a4c4032c3e37202167c1/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
![Page 36: MohamedEl-Tahir El-Mesawi Introduction: The Problemirep.iium.edu.my/15373/1/Human_Nature_and_the_University... · 2012-01-26 · mould human beings according to its reductionist secular-materialist](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042409/5f26a4c4032c3e37202167c1/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
![Page 37: MohamedEl-Tahir El-Mesawi Introduction: The Problemirep.iium.edu.my/15373/1/Human_Nature_and_the_University... · 2012-01-26 · mould human beings according to its reductionist secular-materialist](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042409/5f26a4c4032c3e37202167c1/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
![Page 38: MohamedEl-Tahir El-Mesawi Introduction: The Problemirep.iium.edu.my/15373/1/Human_Nature_and_the_University... · 2012-01-26 · mould human beings according to its reductionist secular-materialist](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042409/5f26a4c4032c3e37202167c1/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
![Page 39: MohamedEl-Tahir El-Mesawi Introduction: The Problemirep.iium.edu.my/15373/1/Human_Nature_and_the_University... · 2012-01-26 · mould human beings according to its reductionist secular-materialist](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042409/5f26a4c4032c3e37202167c1/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)