moe ubuntu desktop training

Ubuntu Desktop Training

Ministry Of Education

Linux Distros

There are more than 400 Linux distributions (“distros”) Differences between one and the next <20%. Among the more popular distros are:

Refer to DistroWatch.com for a top 100 list of Linux distros

Linux Distros Contd..

Three most popular Linux distros currently are: Ubuntu, Fedora and openSUSE Ubuntu focuses more on new and home users – primary

focus is on making Linux usable. Fedora includes the latest packages and is more

suitable for more technically inclined users (programmers, sys admins etc.).

openSUSE strikes a balance between Ubuntu and Fedora i.e. ease of use with enough new packages to satisfy techies.

Wikipedia must be your primary first level reference.

What is Ubuntu

Currently the most high profile and recognisable Linux distro in the world.

Based on the Debian distro.● Debian is well known for its stability and wide range of

packages available. Currently is at version 9.10 (2009-October) – Karmic

Koala● Next will be 10.04 Lucid Lynx – an LTS release

– 3 years on Desktop– 5 years on Server

Ubuntu Installation

● Freely downloadable from the Internet

● Can request for free CD from Ubuntu.com

● Can be used directly from LiveCD without installing

● Usually installed from the Live CD

● Can also be installed from a USB key

Installation- LiveCD Desktop -

Installation- Language Selection -

Installation- Time Zone Selection -

Installation- Keyboard Layout Selection -

Installation- Hard Disk Partitioning -

Filesystem

● Ubuntu supports the following file systems:

● ext2/ext3/ext4

● Ext2 is without journaling

● ReiserFS

● Considered to be efficient for storing multiple small files

● XFS

● NTFS

● FAT32

Installation- Manual Partitioning -

Installation- Manual Partitioning Contd -

Installation- User Details -

Installation- Summary -

Installation- Summary Advanced Option -

Installation- In Progress -

Installation- Completion -

Installation- Completion contd -

GRUB Menu

Installed Desktop

Managing Repos

Repositories (repos) are locations on the Internet that contains software packages● Ubuntu uses apt-get mechanism to manage the

packages. The GUI to apt-get is Synaptic. Ubuntu Software Centre – an addition in Ubuntu 9.10

– allows an alternative to Synaptic. PPA – Programmer Personal Archive – contains

software created by programmers that are not in the main repos.

List of enabled repos are in /etc/apt/sources.list file

Install / Remove Packages

To install / remove a package you can also use the Synaptic Package Manager (System > Administration > Synaptic Manager), a GUI method for installing packages.

Search for the name of the program/package. You can also search for a word in its description.

Check the box "Mark for Installation / Removal" Click the "Apply" button. The selected program(s) will be automatically installed,

along with its dependencies. Another option is to use the Ubuntu Software Center

Printer Configuration

To add a Printer System -> Administration -> Printing -> New Printer ->

New Printer Most of the time, your printer (if connected and turned

on) will be detected automatically. You can also choose printers on a Windows system via

Samba and other types of networked printers, in addition to directly connected printers.

Use CUPS web interface at http://localhost:631

Medibuntu

Tag lined - Multimedia, Entertainment and Distractions in Ubuntu● A repo that contains “restricted packages” i.e. non-OSS

packages.

– DVD De-scrambler– Adobe Flash/Reader– Multimedia codecs for AVI, WMV, MP3 etc

The most “go-to” spot to enable multimedia bits in Ubuntu

Unit Pemodenan Tadbiran dan Perancangan Pengurusan Malaysia 29

Multimedia

Xine● Kaffeine

VideoLAN (VLC) Photos

● DigiKam● gthumb● GIMP

3D● Blender


Development Tools

Supports Integrated Development Environment (IDE) such as Eclipse

Simpler IDE● Bluefish● KompoZer

Major programming languages available● Java, PHP, Python, C, C++, Tcl/Tk

Version control● Subversion, bzr (Bazaar)


Support for Networking

Linux desktops are developed to support a variety of protocols and data format

This includes CalDAV, Atom, GData, POP and IMAP, .ics files

Web-based Distributed Authoring and Versioning (WebDAV)


Networking Tools

Remote shell● SSH

Remote backup● rsnapshot

Remote desktop● VNC, KRDC

Printer● The Common Unix Printing System (CUPS)

Others● Iptables, Wireshark, nagios


Communication

SKYPE Jfax GnomeMeeting Kopete Pidgin Gammu


Communication - Email

E-mail and calendaring● Evolution● Thunderbird


Productivity Tools

OpenOffice.org Open Workbench FreeMind Scribus Xmind Web browsers

● Mozilla Firefox● Konqueror● Dolphin● Opera

Remote Management with OpenSSH

SSH is a set of protocols and programs that allows for encrypted traffic between computers.

Linux uses OpenSSH – Free/Open Source version of the proprietary SSH

Most widely used tool for remote administration of Linux/UNIX systems.

OpenSSH establishes encrypted communication between computers and can allow ”tunnelling” of other traffic.

Traffic ”tunnelled” through is compressed i.e. Requires lower bandwidth


Public Network

User

Server

SSH

Tunnel

SSHTunnel

User

Server

SSH

Tunnel

SSHTunnel

Public Network

User

AppServer

SSHTunnel

User

TCP ForwardingServer

SSHTunnel

SSH TCP ForwardingSSH TCP Forwarding(”SSH Tunnelling”)(”SSH Tunnelling”)


Requirements:● Create a user – any name with password #useradd -m -s /bin/bash <username>#passwd <username>

● Install OpenSSH Server#sudo apt-get install openssh-server

● Verify that OpenSSH Server is started #/etc/init.d/ssh status

SSH to your neighbour's PC with his/her created user and ask him/her to SSH into yours using your created user

From the SSH terminal, type w to viewed currently logged on users

OpenSSH Server Hardening

Edit the /etc/ssh/sshd_config file Ensure that the following are set:

● Protocol is 2● Port number set above 1023● X11Forwarding set to no ● PermitRootLogin set to no ● AllowTCPForwarding set to no● Add AllowUsers parameter to restrict users who can SSH in ● StrictModes set to yes

Save file and restart sshd - # sudo /etc/init.d/sshd restart

OSCC Portal● http://opensource.mampu.gov.my

OSCC Mailing Lists (oscc-training)● http://lists.oscc.org.my

Contact numbers● 603 83191200 (General line)● 603 38191201 (Helpdesk)

Presenter:Khairul Aizat [email protected]

THANK YOU

moe ubuntu desktop training

Education

remote management

openssh requirements

openssh server hardening

ssh terminal

set of protocols

krdc printer

printer configurationto

dssh status ssh