module 5 the connecticut fire academy unit hm 8.1.2mission

1 of 45 Revision: 030215

Unit HM 8.1.2

Chapter 11

Product Control

The Connecticut Fire Academy

Recruit Firefighter Program

Presentation Instructor Notes

Slide 1

Connecticut Fire Academy

Hazardous Materials OperationsN.F.P.A. 472 – 2013

Mission Specific – Module 5Jones & Bartlett

Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations

Chapter 11

January 01, 2013

Slide 2


Module 5

Mission-Specific

Responsibilities

Product Control

NFPA 6.6

6.6 Mission-Specific Competencies: Product Control

Slide 3


NFPA 6.6.1.1.1 / 6.6.1.1.2 / 6.6.1.1.3 / 6.6.1.1.4

Product Control

Introduction

● Operations Level

● Assigned to perform:

Product Control

● Competent to Implement:

• Product Control Measures

6.6.1.1.1 The operations level responder assigned to

perform product control shall be that person, competent at

the operations level, who is assigned to implement product

control measures at hazardous materials / WMD incidents.


perform product control at hazardous materials / WMD

incidents shall be trained to meet all competencies at the

awareness level (Chapter 4), all core competencies at the

operations level (Chapter 5), all mission-specific

competencies for personal protective equipment (Section

6.2), and all competencies in this section.



incidents shall operate under the guidance of a hazardous

materials technician, an allied professional, or standard

operating procedures.

6.6.1.1.4* The operations level responder assigned to


incidents shall receive the additional training necessary to

meet specific needs of the jurisdiction.

A.6.3.1.1.4 Additional training opportunities can be

available through local and state law enforcement, public

health agencies, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI),

the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), and the

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).


Unit HM 8.1.2

Chapter 11

Product Control




Slide 4


Important Note

Some information may be taken from

Chapter 7: Hazardous Materials Technician

Operations Level may be asked to perform at

this level but Do Not Replace HMT.

Direct Guidance: Working under control

of an HMT continually being assessed / feedback

NFPA 6.6.1.1.3






Some Mission-Specific competency information may be

taken from Chapter 7: Hazardous Materials Technician, It

should be pointed out that the Operations Level Responder

with a Mission-Specific competency are not replacements

for the Technician.

Operations Level Responders may be asked to perform

some technician level skills but they do not have the broader

skills and competencies required of an HMT, particularly in

Risk Assessment and selection of Control Options.

Below are two ways or examples of how guidance can be

provided to ensure Operations level Responders do not go

beyond their level of training and equipment.

Direct Guidance: Working under control of an HMT who

has the ability to (1) continually assess and / or observe

actions and (2) provide feedback. This can be provided

through direct visual observation or through assessment

reports.

Written Guidance: (See Next Slide)

Slide 5


Written Guidance:● Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs)

● Standard Operating Guidance (SOGs)

● “Rules of Engagement” at Operations Level

Task expected of Operations Level Responders

Task beyond the capability of Operations Level Responders

Required PPE and equipment to perform these expected task

Procedures for ensuring coordination within the local ICS

Product Control

NFPA 6.6.1.1.3






Written Guidance:

Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs)

Standard Operating Guidance (SOGs)

Both should give clear guidance on the “Rules of

Engagement” at Operations Level

Emphasis should be placed on the following:

• Task expected of Operations Level Responders

• Task beyond the capability of Operations Level

Responders

• Required PPE and equipment to perform these expected

task

• Procedures for ensuring coordination within the local ICS


Unit HM 8.1.2

Chapter 11

Product Control




Slide 6


GoalThe goal of the competencies in this section

shall be to provide the operations level

responder assigned to product control at

hazardous materials / WMD incidents with

the knowledge and skills to perform the task

in 6.6.1.2.2 safely and effectively.

NFPA 6.6.1.2.1

6.6.1.2.1 The goal of the competencies in this section shall

be to provide the operations level responder assigned to

product control at hazardous materials / WMD incidents

with the knowledge and skills to perform the tasks in

6.6.1.2.2 safely and effectively.

Slide 7


Product Control

When responding to hazardous materials / WMD

incidents, the operations level responder

assigned to perform product control shall be able

to perform the following tasks:

NFPA 6.6.1.2.2

6.6.1.2.2 When responding to hazardous materials / WMD

incidents, the operations level responder assigned to perform

product control shall be able to perform the following tasks:

Slide 8


GoalAnalyze

Plan

Implement

Evaluate

Terminate

NFPA 6.6.1.2.2

6.6.1.2.2 When responding to hazardous materials/WMD



• Analyze

• Plan

• Implement

• Evaluate

• Terminate

6.6.1.2.2(1) Plan an initial response within the capabilities

and competencies of available personnel, personal protective

equipment, and control equipment and in accordance with

the emergency response plan or standard operating

procedures by completing the following tasks:

6.6.1.2.2(1)(a) Describe the control options available to the

operations level responder.

6.6.1.2.2(1)(b) Describe the control options available for

flammable liquid and flammable gas incidents.

6.6.1.2.2(2) Implement the planned response to a hazardous

materials/WMD incident.


Unit HM 8.1.2

Chapter 11

Product Control




Slide 9


Product Control

Plan an initial response within the capabilities

and competencies of available personnel,

personal protective equipment, and control

equipment and in accordance with the emergency

response plan or standard operating procedures

by completing the following tasks:

NFPA 6.6.1.2.2(1)








procedures by completing the following tasks:

Slide 10


Describe the control options available to the operations level responder.

NFPA 6.6.1.2.2(1)(a)

Product Control








procedures by completing the following

tasks:



Slide 11


Describe the control options available to the operations level responder.

Have a PlanHave a solution that can be employed

quickly and safely while minimizing the potential negative effects on people,

property and the environment

Remember the “Processes Choices”“Eight Step” “DECIDE” “GEDAPER” “APIE-T”

Product Control

NFPA 6.6.1.2.2(1)(a)

6.6.1.2.2

6.6.1.2.2(1)



Have a Plan

Have a solution that can be employed quickly and safely

while minimizing the potential negative effects on people,

property and the environment.

Remember the “Processes Choices”

“Eight Step” “DECIDE” “GEDAPER” “APIE-T”

These are various processes to assist the Incident

Commander gather information which will help in

formulating and implementing a plan.

The Plan may simply be to cordon off the area and let the

problem take care of itself; or to wait for a higher level of

Responder for mitigation.


Unit HM 8.1.2

Chapter 11

Product Control




Slide 12

Connecticut Fire AcademyNFPA 6.6.1.2.2(1)(b)

Product Control

Describe the control options available for


6.6.1.2.2

6.6.1.2.2(1)



Slide 13


Product Control

Describe the control options available for


The Incident Commander will have many options

available concerning liquids and gases.

Keep in mind at the Operational level, some of these

options are limited.

Decisions should be made based on the information

gathered during the chosen Process decided on by the

Authority Having Jurisdiction

NFPA 6.6.1.2.2(1)(b)

6.6.1.2.2

6.6.1.2.2(1)



The Incident Commander will have many options available

concerning liquids and gases.

Keep in mind at the Operational level, some of these options

are limited.

Decisions should be made based on the information

gathered during the chosen Process decided on by the

Authority Having Jurisdiction.

Re: 6.6.1.2.2(1)(a)

Following: the program will go over many of the possible

options available to the Responder.

Slide 14

Connecticut Fire AcademyNFPA 6.6.1.2.2(2)

Product ControlImplement the planned response to a hazardous

materials / WMD incident.




6.6.1.2.2(2) Implement the planned response to a hazardous

materials / WMD incident.

Instructor’s Notes:

Review some of the Processes and the required Response

Requirements.

Have the students indicate their available resources and / or

limitations.


Unit HM 8.1.2

Chapter 11

Product Control




Slide 15


Product Control

Planning the Response

Mission-Specific

Responsibilities

NFPA 6.6.3

6.6 Mission-Specific Competencies: Product Control.

6.6.3 Competencies – Planning the Response.

Slide 16


Product Control

Identifying Control Options

Given examples of hazardous materials / WMD

incidents, the operations level responder assigned to

perform product control shall identify the options for

each response objective by completing the following

requirements as prescribed by the AHJ:

NFPA 6.6.3.1


6.6.3.1 Identifying Control Options. Given examples of

hazardous materials / WMD


product control shall identify the options for each response

objective by completing the following requirements as

prescribed by the AHJ:

Slide 17


Product Control

Identifying Control OptionsIdentify the options to accomplish a

given response objective.

The goal of “Product Control” involves controlling

the product that has already been released from its

container. In other words: spill control minimizes

the amount of contact the product makes with people,

property, and the environment by limiting or

confining the dispersion and / or reducing the amount

of harm caused by contact with the material.

NFPA 6.6.3.1(1)


6.6.3.1 Identifying Control Options. Given examples of

hazardous materials / WMD


product control shall identify the options for each response

objective and shall meet the following requirements as

prescribed by the AHJ:

6.6.3.1(1) Identify the options to accomplish a given

response objective.

The goal of “Product Control” involves controlling the

product that has already been released from its container.

In other words: spill control minimizes the amount of

contact the product makes with people, property, and the

environment by limiting or confining the dispersion and / or

reducing the amount of harm caused by contact with the

material.


Unit HM 8.1.2

Chapter 11

Product Control




Slide 18


Product Control


Identify the purpose for and the procedures,

equipment, and safety precautions associated with

each of the following control techniques:

Absorption

“Think Sponge” pulling product into a

medium – booms, speedy dry

NFPA 6.6.3.1(2)(a)


6.6.3.1

6.6.3.1(2) Identify the purpose for and the procedures,

equipment, and safety precautions associated with each

of the following control techniques:

• Absorption

• A physical and/or chemical event occurring during

contact between materials that

have an attraction for each other

2. One material is retained in the other

• Procedure — The absorbent is spread directly onto the

hazardous material or in a

location where the material is expected to flow

Note: After use, absorbents must be treated and disposed of

as hazardous materials because they retain the properties

of the materials they absorb

Slide 19


Product Control





Absorption

Example of absorption is soaking a wooden

axe handle and axe head in water to make the handle swell.

NFPA 6.6.3.1(2)(a)


6.6.3.1 6.6.3.1(2) Identify the purpose for and the procedures,

equipment, and safety precautions associated with each of

the following control techniques:

a) Absorption: Is a physical and /or chemical event occurring during

contact between materials that have an attraction for each

other.

This event results in one material being retained in the other.

The bulk of the material being absorbed enters the cell

structure of the of the absorbing medium.


Unit HM 8.1.2

Chapter 11

Product Control




Slide 20


Product Control





Adsorption

“Think Tape” adhering of a product to the

surface of a medium – duct tape, charcoal

NFPA 6.6.3.1(2)(b)





• Adsorption

The molecules of the hazardous material physically adhere

to the material,

Adsorption is the accumulation of atoms or molecules on

the surface of a material.

Adsorption is present in many natural physical, biological,

and chemical systems, and is widely used in industrial

applications such as activated charcoal, synthetic resins,

and water purification.

Slide 21


Product Control

Identifying Control OptionsIdentify the purpose for and the procedures,



Damming

NFPA 6.6.3.1(2)(c)


6.6.3.1




• Damming

• A way to control the flow of liquid hazardous materials

away from the point of discharge

2. Can be made by using earthen materials or materials

carried on response vehicles

• Procedure: Construct curbs that direct or divert the flow

away from gutters, drains, storm sewers, flood-control

channels, and outfalls

Note: Any construction materials that contact the spilled

material must be properly disposed of


Unit HM 8.1.2

Chapter 11

Product Control




Slide 22


Product Control




Diking

NFPA 6.6.3.1(2)(d)


6.6.3.1




• Diking





• Procedure — Construct curbs that direct or divert the

flow away from gutters, drains, storm sewers, flood-

control channels, and outfalls



Slide 23


Product Control




Dilution

NFPA 6.6.3.1(2)(e)


6.6.3.1




• Dilution

The application of water to a water-soluble material to

reduce the hazard

It is not typically used for spill control, but during

decontamination operations

May be used when very small amounts of corrosive

materials are involved


Unit HM 8.1.2

Chapter 11

Product Control




Slide 24


Product Control




Diversion

NFPA 6.6.3.1(2)(f)


6.6.3.1




• Diversion

A process of using various materials to redirect the flowing

product.

Commonly used to deflect the hazardous product from

going into areas such as waterways, culverts, drainage

systems or towards ignition sources and thus making the

already emergency situation worse.

Slide 25


Product Control




Remote

Valve

Shutoff

NFPA 6.6.3.1(2)(g)


6.6.3.1




g) Remote valve shutoff

• Cargo tank trucks – Locations vary depending on truck

2. Piping systems and pipelines

• Uses – May be used to stop the flow of product to

the incident area without

entering into the hot zone

b. Locations – Contact onsite maintenance personnel

or local utility workers

Slide 26


Product Control




Retention

NFPA 6.6.3.1(2)(h)


6.6.3.1




• Retention





• Procedure — Construct curbs that direct or divert the

flow away from gutters, drains, storm sewers, flood-

control channels, and outfalls




Unit HM 8.1.2

Chapter 11

Product Control




Slide 27


Product Control




Vapor

Dispersion

NFPA 6.6.3.1(2)(i)





• Vapor dispersion

• The action taken to direct or influence the course of

airborne hazardous materials

• Procedure – Using pressurized streams of water from

handlines or unmanned master

streams; streams create turbulence, which increases the

rate of mixing with air and reduces the concentration of

the hazardous material

Slide 28

Connecticut Fire AcademyNFPA 6.6.3.1(2)(j)

Product Control




Vapor Suppression


6.6.3.1




j) Vapor suppression

1. The action taken to reduce the emission of vapors at a

haz mat spill

2. Spills of flammable and combustible liquids may

require fire-fighting foams

3. Foam application methods

• All fire-fighting foams (except Fluoroprotein

types) should not be plunged directly into the spill,

but applied onto the ground at the edge of the spill

and rolled gently onto the material


Unit HM 8.1.2

Chapter 11

Product Control




• Rainfall method – Spraying foam into the air over

the target area in a fog pattern

4. Considerations when using foam

• Water destroys and washes away foam blankets; do

not use water streams in conjunction with the

application of foam.

b. A material must be below its boiling point; foam

cannot seal vapors of boiling liquids.

Slide 29


Product Control

Selecting Personal Protective Equipment

Given the Personal Protective Equipment provided

by the AHJ, the operations level responder assigned

to perform product control shall select the personal

protective equipment required to support product

control at hazardous materials / WMD incidents

based on local procedures.

(see Section 6.2)

NFPA 6.6.3.2


6.6.3.2 Selecting Personal Protective Equipment. Given

the Personal Protective Equipment provided by the AHJ,

the operations level responder assigned to perform

product control shall select the personal protective

equipment required to support product control at

hazardous materials/WMD incidents based on local

procedures (see Section 6.2).

Slide 30


Product Control

Implementing the Planned

Response

Mission-Specific

Responsibilities

NFPA 6.6.4

6.6 Mission-Specific Competencies: Product Control

6.6.4 Competencies — Implementing the Planned

Response.


Unit HM 8.1.2

Chapter 11

Product Control




Slide 31


Product Control

Performing Control Options

Given an incident action plan for a hazardous

materials / WMD incident, within the capabilities

and equipment provided by the AHJ, the

Operations level responder assigned to perform

product control shall demonstrate control

functions set out in the plan by completing the

following requirements as prescribed by the AHJ:

NFPA 6.6.4.1

6.6.4 Competencies – Implementing the Planned

Response.

6.6.4.1 Performing Control Options. Given an incident

action plan for a hazardous materials / WMD incident,

within the capabilities and equipment provided by the AHJ,

the Operations level responder assigned to perform product

control shall demonstrate control functions set out in the

plan and shall meet the following requirements as prescribed

by the AHJ:

Slide 32


Product Control


Using the type of special purpose or hazard

suppressing foams or agents and foam equipment

furnished by the AHJ, demonstrate the application of

the foam(s) or agent(s) on a spill or fire involving

hazardous materials / WMD.

NFPA 6.6.4.1(1)


Response.







by the AHJ:

6.6.4.1(1) Using the type of special purpose or hazard

suppressing foams or agents and foam equipment furnished

by the AHJ, demonstrate the application of the foam(s) or

agent(s) on a spill or fire involving hazardous materials /

WMD.

Skill Sheet: 6.6.4.1 A

Skill Sheet: 6.6.4.1 A.1

Skill Sheet: 6.6.4.1 A.2

Skill Sheet: 6.6.4.1 N

Skill Sheet: 6.6.4.1 P

Skill Sheet: 6.6.4.1 Q


Unit HM 8.1.2

Chapter 11

Product Control




Slide 33


Product Control

Class A Fires


Response.

6.6.4.1 Performing Control Options. 6.6.4.1(2) Identify the characteristics and applicability of

the following Class B foams if supplied by the AHJ:

Class A Fires:

Responders need to be aware of the various types of Fire

Extinguishers and their appropriate use.

Various Extinguishers have specific purposes such as the

Pressure Water for Class A Fires.

Responders need to know how to chose the proper

extinguisher and the use of these extinguishers to aid

them in mitigation or control at an incident.

The Basics of : PASS – Pull, Aim, Squeeze, Sweep

Skill Sheet: 6.6.4.1 N

Slide 34


Product Control

Class B Fires


Response.



Class B Fires:




Dry Chemical, Carbon Dioxide or Foam

Extinguishers for Class B Fires.





Skill Sheet: 6.6.4.1 P


Unit HM 8.1.2

Chapter 11

Product Control




Slide 35


Product Control

Class C Fires


Response.



Class C Fires:




Dry Chemical or Carbon Dioxide

Extinguishers for Class C Fires along with the more

important step of “Killing the Power”





Skill Sheet: 6.6.4.1 Q

Slide 36


Product Control

Foam Concentrates – General Considerations

Foam concentrates must match fuel

to which it is applied

Class A foams not designed to extinguish

Class B fires

Class B foams designed solely for

hydrocarbon fires will not extinguish

Polar Solvent fires

NFPA 6.6.4.1(2)


Response.



Foam Concentrates – General Considerations

Foam concentrates must match fuel to which it is applied

Class A foams not designed to extinguish Class B fires

Class B foams designed solely for hydrocarbon fires will not

extinguish Polar Solvent fires

Such as methyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol


Unit HM 8.1.2

Chapter 11

Product Control




Slide 37


Class A FoamFor Class A Fires (Ordinary Combustibles)

Increasingly used in both:

wildland and structural fire fighting

Special formulation of hydrocarbon surfactants

Aerated Class A foam coats, insulates fuels

preventing Pyrolysis and ignition

May be used with variety of nozzles

Product Control

NFPA 6.6.4.1(1)


Response.

6.6.4.1 Performing Control Options.

Class A Foam

For Class A Fires: (Ordinary Combustibles)

Increasingly used in both: wildland and structural

firefighting Special formulation of hydrocarbon surfactants:

Surfactants are wetting agents that lower the surface

tension of a liquid, allowing easier spreading, and lower the

interfacial tension between two liquids.

Aerated May be used with variety of nozzles

Class A foam coats, insulates fuels preventing Pyrolysis and

ignition

Pyrolysis:

Is Thermal or Chemical decomposition of fuel (matter)

because of heat that generally results in the lowered ignition

temperature of the material.

The pre-ignition combustion phase of burning during which

heat energy is absorbed by the fuel, which in turn gives off

flammable tars, pitches, and gases.

Pyrolysis of wood releases combustible gases and leaves a

charred surface.

Slide 38

Connecticut Fire AcademyNFPA 6.6.4.1(2)(a)

Product Control


Response.


the following Class B foams if

supplied by the AHJ:

Class A Foam: (Example information from Phos-Chek

Brand Agent)

Performance: Phos-Chek WD881 Class A Foam

Concentrate is specifically formulated to make water more

effective. The unique combination of surfactants in

WD881 significantly reduces water's surface tension,

creates a superior foam blanket when mixed with air that

surrounds fuels with a thick layer of water, creates a

barrier between the fuel and the fire, allows fire fighters to

see application areas and knocks down fire faster than

water alone.

WD881 is highly effective for fighting all types of Class A

fires when mixed with water at a ratio of 0.1% to 1.0%. It


Unit HM 8.1.2

Chapter 11

Product Control




has proven its effectiveness in all application methods

including Compressed Air Foam Systems (CAFS). It is an

ideal tool for control of prescribed burning.

Medium (50:1) expansion foam generator using Class-A

foam concentrate on vehicle fires.

Flow rate of 45 gpm. Class A foam is well suited for vehicle

fires.

Slide 39


Product Control


Identify the characteristics and applicability of the

following Class B foams if supplied by the AHJ:

Aqueous Film-Forming Foam (AFFF)

Synthetic foam concentrate that, when combined with

water, can form a complete vapor barrier over fuel

spill and fires and is a highly effective extinguishing

and blanketing agent on hydrocarbon fuels.

Also called “Light Water”NFPA 6.6.4.1(2)(a)


Response.


the following Class B foams if

supplied by the AHJ:

• Aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF)

• Is available in 1%, 3%, and 6% concentrations for use

with either freshwater or saltwater

• Is pre-mixable in portable fire extinguishers and apparatus

water tanks

• Stores at temperatures ranging from 25º to 120°F (-5°C to

49°C) (Freezing and thawing do adversely affect AFFF

concentrates but consult the manufacturer for details.)

• Can be freeze-protected with a nonflammable antifreeze

solution

• Has good low-temperature viscosity

• Is suitable for subsurface injection

• Has fair penetrating capabilities in baled storage fuels or

high surface-tension fuels such as treated wood

• Is compatible with dry-chemical extinguishing agents

• Is rather fast draining (Reapply AFFF finished foam often

to maintain hot-spill security.)

• Its film-forming characteristics are adversely affected by

fuels in excess of 140°F (60°C).

• Oxygen additives (mandated by EPA) in blended gasoline

can adversely affect film-forming characteristics; solvent-

based performance additives in reformulated gasoline can

also hamper AFFF’s performance


Unit HM 8.1.2

Chapter 11

Product Control




Slide 40


Product Control


Response.



• Aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF)

• Is available in 1%, 3%, and 6% concentrations for use

with either freshwater or saltwater

• Is pre-mixable in portable fire extinguishers and apparatus

water tanks

• Stores at temperatures ranging from 25º to 120°F (-5°C to

49°C) (Freezing and thawing do

adversely affect AFFF concentrates but consult the

manufacturer for details.)

• Can be freeze-protected with a nonflammable antifreeze

solution

• Has good low-temperature viscosity

• Is suitable for subsurface injection

• Has fair penetrating capabilities in baled storage fuels or

high surface-tension fuels such as treated wood

• Is compatible with dry-chemical extinguishing agents

• Is rather fast draining (Reapply AFFF finished foam often

to maintain hot-spill security.)

• Its film-forming characteristics are adversely affected by

fuels in excess of 140°F (60°C).

• Oxygen additives (mandated by EPA) in blended gasoline

can adversely affect film-forming characteristics; solvent-

based performance additives in reformulated gasoline can

also hamper AFFF’s performance

Slide 41


Class B Foam

Used to prevent ignition of / or extinguish fires

involving flammable and combustible liquids

Used to suppress vapors from

un-ignited spills of these liquids

Several types of Class B foam concentrates available

Manufactured from synthetic or protein base

Product Control

NFPA 6.6.4.1(2)(a)


Response.



Class B Foam

Used to prevent ignition of / or extinguish fires involving

flammable and combustible liquids

Used to suppress vapors from un-ignited spills of these

liquids

Several types of Class B foam concentrates available

Manufactured from synthetic or protein base


Unit HM 8.1.2

Chapter 11

Product Control




Slide 42


Class B Foam

Un-ignited spills do not require

same application rates as ignited spills

To be most effective;

Blanket of foam 4 inches (100 mm) thick

should be applied to fuel surface

Product Control

NFPA 6.6.4.1(2)(a)


Response.



Class B Foam

Un-ignited spills do not require the same application rates as

ignited spills

To be most effective;

Blanket of foam 4 inches (100 mm) thick should be applied

to fuel surface

Slide 43


Product Control




Alcohol-Resistant Concentrates

Polar Solvents

Flammable Liquids that have an attraction

for water much like a positive magnetic pole

attracts a negative pole.

NFPA 6.6.4.1(2)(b)


Response.



b. Alcohol-Resistant Concentrates:

• Is available in 3% or 6% concentrations

• Stronger polar solvents require application rates that are

higher than those required for weaker solvents or

hydrocarbons.

• Concentrates designed to be proportioned at 3 percent on

hydrocarbon fuels and 6 percent on polar solvent fuels are

called 3 by 6 concentrates.

• Concentrates proportioned at 3 percent on both types of

fuels are called 3 by 3 concentrates.

• Creates a membrane rather than a film over the fuel,

separating the water in the foam blanket from the attack of

the solvent

• May be used in subsurface injection applications on

certain light hydrocarbons such as gasoline, kerosene, and

jet propulsion fuels

• Polar Solvents examples include Alcohols. Ketones,

and Lacquers


Unit HM 8.1.2

Chapter 11

Product Control




Slide 44


Product Control


Response.



b. Alcohol-Resistant Concentrates: Many older foam concentrates cannot be used to protect

ethanol enhanced fuels.

With the mandated changes to gasoline in most areas of the

US, many foam systems are not equipped to handle

ethanol enhanced fuel.

Protein, Fluoroprotein and AFFF foam concentrates are not

suitable for ethanol blended fuel, even with only 10%

ethanol blends.

An alcohol resistant AFFF foam concentrate is required for

today's ethanol blends.

Slide 45


Class B Foam

May be proportioned into the fire stream through

fixed system, apparatus-mounted system, or by

portable foam proportioning equipment

Foams such as AFFF and FFFP foam may be applied

with standard fog nozzles or air-aspirating foam

nozzles

Rate of application depends on several factors

Product Control

NFPA 6.6.4.1(2)(b)


Response.



Class B Foam

May be proportioned into the fire stream through fixed

system, apparatus-mounted system, or by portable foam

proportioning equipment.

Foams such as AFFF and FFFP foam may be applied with

standard fog nozzles or air aspirating foam nozzles

Rate of application depends on several factors

AFFF: Aqueous Film Forming Foam

FFFP foam: Film Forming FluoroProtein foam

Foam Concentrate that combines the qualities of

Fluoroprotein foam with those of aqueous film forming

foam.


Unit HM 8.1.2

Chapter 11

Product Control




Slide 46


Product Control




Fluoroprotein

NFPA 6.6.4.1(2)(c)


Response.



c. Film Forming Fluoroprotein Foam:

Foam Concentrate that combines the qualities of

Fluoroprotein foam with those of aqueous film forming

foam

1. Is available in 3% and 6% concentrations

2. Stores at temperatures ranging from 35º to 120°F (2°C

to 49°C); however, can be freeze-protected with

nonflammable antifreeze solution

3. Its performance is not affected by freezing and thawing.

4. Is pre-mixable for short periods of time (based on the

manufacturer's recommendations)

5. Maintains rather low viscosity at low temperatures

6. Is compatible with simultaneous application of dry-

chemical extinguishing agents

7. Is delivered through air-aspirating equipment

8. Is suitable for use on gasoline that has been blended

with oxygen additives

Slide 47


Product Control


Response.



c. Film Forming FluoroProtein:

Film Forming FluoroProtein Foam by FireChem is basically

used in Aviation and Marine

Industry. It forms a stable heat and fuel resistant foam

blanket that provides an outstanding level of burn back

resistance normally only associated with fluoroproteins.


Unit HM 8.1.2

Chapter 11

Product Control




Slide 48


Product Control




High-Expansion Foam

NFPA 6.6.4.1(2)(d)


Response.



d. High-expansion foam

• Applications

• Concealed spaces such as shipboard compartments,

basements, coal mines, and other subterranean spaces

• Fixed-extinguishing systems for specific industrial

uses such as rolled or bulk paper storage

• Class A fire applications (slow draining)

• Characteristics

• Stores at temperatures ranging from 35º to 120°F (2°C

to 49°C)

• Is not affected by freezing and thawing

• Has poor heat resistance because air-to-water ratio is

very high

• Has expansion ratios of 200:1 to 1,000:1 for high-

expansion uses and 20:1 to 200:1 for medium-

expansion uses (Whether the finished foam is used in

either a medium or high expansion capacity is

determined by the type of application device.)

Slide 49


Product Control


Response.



d. High-expansion foam

This picture depicts a fixed foam system in an Aircraft

hanger being tested.

Although Not Recommended: Responders and Victims

have been known to survive even when completely

covered due to the large amount of air entrapped in the

bubbles which make up the final foam product.

High-Expansion Foam has also been found useful for

Explosive Ordinance Disposal and Bomb

Squads to cushion the effects of an explosion within a

structure. The foam acts as a “Shock Absorber:”


Unit HM 8.1.2

Chapter 11

Product Control




Slide 50


Product Control

Compressed-Air Foam Systems (CAFS)

Standard centrifugal pump supplies water; direct-injection;

foam-proportioning system mixes foam solution with water on

discharge side of pump; onboard air compressor adds air to mix

before discharging from engine

NFPA 6.6.4.1(2)


Response.



Compressed – Air Foam Systems (CAFS)

Standard centrifugal pump supplies water; direct-injection

foam-proportioning system mixes foam solution with

water on discharge side of pump; onboard air

compressor adds air to mix before discharging from

engine.

Found to be extremely beneficial particularly for areas of

low water supply

Slide 51


Performing

Control Activities

NFPA 6.6.4.1(3)


Response.







by the AHJ:

6.6.4.1(3) Given the required tools and equipment,

demonstrate how to perform the following control activities:

Slide 52


Product Control


Given the required tools and equipment, demonstrate

how to perform the following control activities:

Absorption

NFPA 6.6.4.1(3)(a)


Response.



demonstrate how to perform the following control

activities:

• Absorption,

In chemistry, is a physical or chemical phenomenon or a

process in which atoms, molecules, or ions enter some

bulk phase - gas, liquid or solid material.

Skill Sheet: 6.6.4.1 C


Unit HM 8.1.2

Chapter 11

Product Control




Slide 53


Product Control


Response.




activities:

• Absorption

The picture depicts a responder applying an “absorbent” to a

spill

Slide 54


Product Control




Adsorption

NFPA 6.6.4.1(3)(b)


Response.



demonstrate how to perform the following

control activities:

b) Adsorption

Is the adhesion of molecules of gas, liquid, or dissolved

solids to a surface.

This process creates a film of the adsorbate (the molecules

or atoms being accumulated) on the surface of the

adsorbent.

Skill Sheet: 6.6.4.1 D


Unit HM 8.1.2

Chapter 11

Product Control




Slide 55

Connecticut Fire AcademyNFPA 6.6.4.1(3)(b)

Product Control


Response.




activities:

b) Adsorption

The picture shows a common household charcoal water

filter.

The particulates in the water adhere to the charcoal, the

water passes thru. Filtered, cleaner

Slide 56


Product Control




Damming

NFPA 6.6.4.1(3)(c)


Response.




activities:

c) Damming

A dam is a barrier that impounds water or underground

streams. Dams generally serve the primary purpose of

retaining water.

Skill Sheet: 6.6.4.1 E

Slide 57

Connecticut Fire AcademyNFPA 6.6.4.1(3)(c)

Product Control

Damming

Overflow Dam


Response.




activities:

c) Damming – Overflow Dam

A dam built with a crest to allow the overflow of water.

Also known as overfall dam; spillway dam.



Unit HM 8.1.2

Chapter 11

Product Control




Slide 58


Product Control

Damming

Underflow Dam

NFPA 6.6.4.1(3)(c)


Response.




control activities:

c) Damming – Under Flow Dam:

Underflow dams use inclined culverts or pipes to move

water downstream while leaving the spill contained

behind the dam.

Pictured in this slide:

Huntingdon County, PA dispatched Company 14 for

manpower and all available haz-mat supplies to assist

Company 9 (Orbisonia-Rockhill) with a haz-mat

response. Crews arrived in Orbisonia with our haz-mat

equipment and were told that approximately 200 gallons

was released into the storm drains in town from a

residence, and the storm drains ran into a creek nearby.

The crew worked with members from Company 9 and

local EMA to place absorbent booms in some locations

downstream from the spill, and to construct an

underflow dam for help contain the spill.


Slide 59

Connecticut Fire AcademyNFPA 6.6.4.1(3)(c)

Product Control


Response.




activities:

c) Damming

The picture depicts a man-made dam of earth and sandbags

with Polypropylene Sheet to stop and

Retain the product flow, hopefully preventing the spread of

the hazardous substance.


Unit HM 8.1.2

Chapter 11

Product Control




Slide 60



Response.




control activities:

c) Damming

The picture depicts a man-made dam of earth and sandbags

with Polypropylene Sheet to stop and Retain the product

flow, hopefully preventing the spread of the hazardous

substance.

Slide 61


Product Control




Diking

NFPA 6.6.4.1(3)(d)


Response.




activities:

d) Diking

A levee, levée, dike (or dyke), embankment, flood bank or

stop bank is a natural or artificial slope or wall to

regulate water levels

Skill Sheet: 6.6.4.1 F

Slide 62

Connecticut Fire AcademyNFPA 6.6.4.1(3)(d)

Product Control


Response.




activities:

d) Diking

The picture depicts an artificial wall to prevent a liquid from

flowing into a drainage culvert


Unit HM 8.1.2

Chapter 11

Product Control




Slide 63



Response.




activities:

d) Diking – V Dike


flowing into a drainage culvert

Slide 64



Response.




activities:

d) Diking – Circle Dike


flowing into a drainage manhole

Slide 65


Product Control




Dilution

NFPA 6.6.4.1(3)(e)


Response.




activities:

e) Dilution

In chemistry, concentration is the measure of how much of a

given substance there is mixed with another substance.

This can apply to any sort of chemical mixture, but most

frequently the concept is limited to homogeneous

solutions, where it refers to the amount of solute in the

solvent.

Skill Sheet: 6.6.4.1 G


Unit HM 8.1.2

Chapter 11

Product Control




Slide 66

Connecticut Fire AcademyNFPA 6.6.4.1(3)(e)

Product Control


Response.




activities:

e) Dilution

To concentrate a solution, one must add more solute (e.g.

alcohol), or reduce the amount of solvent (e.g. water).

By contrast, to dilute a solution, one must add more

solvent, or reduce the amount of solute.

The picture depicts the “Dilution” of water with a food

coloring, eventually the two solutions will mix and

become one.

The other picture depicts the usual fire service master stream

application which is one way to add water to a product,

thus rendering it safe for responders

Skill Sheet: 6.6.4.1 G

Slide 67


Product Control




Diversion

NFPA 6.6.4.1(3)(f)


Response.




activities:

f) Diversion

The rerouting of water from a river or lake for flood control,

or as part of a water supply network for drinking water

or irrigation.

In the case of Hazardous Materials Liquids, divert from the

current flow pattern as part of the control of the

hazardous substance to reduce harm

Skill Sheet: 6.6.4.1 H


Unit HM 8.1.2

Chapter 11

Product Control




Slide 68



Response.




activities:

f) Diversion

The picture depicts responders building a “Diversion” with

Sandbags and Polyurethane Plastic to

change the direction of the flow of a liquid.


Slide 69



Response.




control activities:

f) Diversion




In this picture an absorbent boom or “Pig” has been added to

hopefully collect some or all of

the hazardous substance in the liquid



Unit HM 8.1.2

Chapter 11

Product Control




Slide 70



Response.




control activities:

f) Diversion




As noted by the green additive to this liquid, it can be seen

that the small “Diversion” has worked

preventing the flow of the liquid from going in a desired

area to be kept clean


Slide 71


Product Control




Retention

NFPA 6.6.4.1(3)(g)


Response.




control activities:

g) Retention

A retention basin, is a type of best management practice

(BMP) that is used to manage storm

water runoff to prevent flooding and downstream erosion,

and improve water quality in an

adjacent river, stream, lake or bay. Sometimes called a wet

pond or wet detention basin, it is an

artificial lake with vegetation around the perimeter, and

includes a permanent pool of water in its

design

Skill Sheet: 6.6.4.1 J


Unit HM 8.1.2

Chapter 11

Product Control




Slide 72

Connecticut Fire AcademyNFPA 6.6.4.1(3)(g)

Product Control


Response.




control activities:

g) Retention

This picture depicts a “Retention Pond” which if you look

closely indicates residue mixed with

the water.

If this was a Hazardous Materials Incident, this water could

be neutralized or cleaned up by a

private contractor thus making it safe for the area and

preventing spread of the product.

Skill Sheet: 6.6.4.1 J


Unit HM 8.1.2

Chapter 11

Product Control




Slide 73


Product Control




Remote Valve Shutoff


Response.




control activities:

h) Remote valve shutoff

Remote Valve Shut Offs are designed in systems to allow

for the safe shutoff of the flow of a

product with out actually being in the product.

Some are considered “Emergency” Valves, others are

simply isolation valves that can be used in

an emergecncy

Slide 74

Connecticut Fire AcademyNFPA 6.6.4.1(3)(i)

Product Control




Vapor Dispersion

The action taken

to direct or

influence the

course of

Airborne

Hazardous

Materials


Response.




control activities:

i.) Vapor dispersion

Procedure: Using pressurized streams of water from

handlines or unmanned master streams;

streams create turbulence, which increases the rate of

mixing with air and reduces the

concentration of the hazardous material

Skill Sheet: 6.6.4.1 L


Unit HM 8.1.2

Chapter 11

Product Control




Slide 75


Product Control

Leak Control / Containment Tactics

Patching / Plugging

Overpacking

Product Transfer

Crimping

Valve Actuation

Vacuuming

Pressure Isolation and Reduction

Solidification

NFPA 6.6.4.1(3)(i)


Response.




control activities:

Leak Control / Containment Tactics

Patching / Plugging: Patch: A small piece of material

affixed to another, larger piece to

conceal, reinforce, or repair a worn area, hole, or tear.

Plug: An object, such as a cork or a wad

of cloth, used to fill a hole tightly; a stopper or a dense mass

of material that obstructs a passage.

Over-packing: The process of placing a container inside a

larger container

Product Transfer: The process or moving a product from

one container to another

Crimping: To fold and pinch together (something, such as

the edges of two pieces of metal)

Valve Actuation: The process of opening and closing

control valves

Vacuuming: To use a vacuum device to draw or take in by

or as if by suction

Pressure Isolation and Reduction: Stopping the increase

of product or system that affects the

pressure and causing the reduction of that pressure by

various methods such as cooling, venting

or one of the other containment procedures

Solidification: The process of becoming hard or solid by

cooling or drying or crystallization


Unit HM 8.1.2

Chapter 11

Product Control




Slide 76

Connecticut Fire AcademyNFPA 6.6.4.1(3)(i)

Product Control

Product Transfer – Bonding / Grounding


Response.




control activities:

Bonding / Grounding:

Bonding is the lasting joining of metallic pieces to form a

conducting path which ensures safe

electrical continuity. Bonding is generally done as

protection from electrical shocks. Any

intentional or accidental connection between an electrical

circuit or instrument and the earth is

known as Grounding. Grounding ensures that all metal parts

of an electrical circuit that an

individual might contact are connected to the earth, thus

ensuring zero voltage.

Two or many more conductive objects are required for a

Bonding connection, which is usually

done with the help of a conductor. Grounding, which is also

known as Earthing, is a particular

type of bonding when conductive objects are connected to

earth using a good conductor. These

conductors are usually wires or rods. Grounding doesn’t

impact the regular running of the

electrical system.

Slide 77


Product Control




Vapor Suppression

Blanketing: Both with liquids and / or solids

Solids may be covered with tarps, plastic,

salvage cover or even foam.

Must ensure product compatibility with cover

NFPA 6.6.4.1(3)(j)


Response.




control activities:


Blanketing: Both with liquids and / or solids

Solids may be covered with tarps, plastic, salvage cover or

even foam.

Responders must ensure hazardous product compatibility

with material being used for the cover


Unit HM 8.1.2

Chapter 11

Product Control




Skill Sheet: 6.6.4.1 M

Slide 78


Product Control

Using Liquid or Foam

On Liquid Fuels: the water or foam blanket prevents or reduces the release of flammable

vapors from the surface of the fuel


Response.




control activities:


Using Liquid or Foam

On Liquid Fuels: the water or foam blanket prevents or

reduces the release of flammable vapors

from the surface of the fuel

Slide 79


Product Control


Identify the location and describe the use of

emergency remote shutoff devices on

MC / DOT-306/406, MC / DOT-307/407

and MC-331 cargo tanks containing flammable

liquids or gases.

NFPA 6.6.4.1(4)


Response.


6.6.4.1(4) Identify the location and describe the use of

emergency remote shutoff devices

on MC/DOT-306/406, MC/DOT-307/407, and MC-331

cargo tanks containing flammable

liquids or gases.

It is important that responders get “Hands On” training with

various types of Vehicles and

identify the various types of Emergency Shut Offs. Most

transport carriers will provide local

training at no cost to the responders because it serves their

best interest as well to have

knowledgeable responders.


Unit HM 8.1.2

Chapter 11

Product Control




Skill Sheet: 6.6.4.1 R

Slide 80



Response.






liquids or gases.

Manual Emergency Shut Off


Slide 81



Response.






liquids or gases.

Manual and Thermal Couple Shut Off



Unit HM 8.1.2

Chapter 11

Product Control




Slide 82



Response.






liquids or gases.

Manual Lever; Emergency Control Valve


Slide 83



Response.






liquids or gases.

Manual Shut Off and Hydraulic Pump; Three Position

Switch Shut Off



Unit HM 8.1.2

Chapter 11

Product Control




Slide 84



Response.






liquids or gases.

Manual Lever and Thermal Emergency Control Valve


Slide 85



Response.






liquids or gases.

Thermal and Manual “Break Away” Emergency Control

Valve.

Note: Thermal on Tip, Break Away Notch



Unit HM 8.1.2

Chapter 11

Product Control




Slide 86



Response.






liquids or gases.

1. The DOT certified BreakGuard Passive System has the

ability to automatically shut off the

flow of propane or ammonia without human intervention

within a time period of 20 seconds

after an unintentional release of propane or ammonia caused

by the complete separation of the

delivery hose during the transfer operation.

2. The BreakGuard Passive System also provides an off-

truck remote means that allows a

qualified person attending the unloading operation to close

the cargo tank bottom outlet internal

valve by pushing an off-truck remote transmitter button

from a distance of 300 feet or less from

the cargo tank. If the cargo tank vehicle has a dedicated

tractor, a 3200-FGL receiver can be

installed on the tractor and utilized to shut down the cargo

tank vehicle engine at the same time

as the bottom outlet internal valve with the same signal from

the transmitter. The 3200-FGL has

already been sold separately for use with bobtails and can be

used in the event of any kind of

unintentional release of propane or ammonia liquid. Over

15,000 of the bobtail remote safety

shutoff systems are already in use today.


Unit HM 8.1.2

Chapter 11

Product Control





Slide 87



Response.






liquids or gases.

1. The DOT certified BreakGuard Passive System has the

ability to automatically shut off the

flow of propane or ammonia without human intervention

within a time period of 20 seconds

after an unintentional release of propane or ammonia caused

by the complete separation of the

delivery hose during the transfer operation.

2. The BreakGuard Passive System also provides an off-

truck remote means that allows a

qualified person attending the unloading operation to close

the cargo tank bottom outlet internal

valve by pushing an off-truck remote transmitter button

from a distance of 300 feet or less from

the cargo tank. If the cargo tank vehicle has a dedicated

tractor, a 3200-FGL receiver can be

installed on the tractor and utilized to shut down the cargo

tank vehicle engine at the same time

as the bottom outlet internal valve with the same signal from

the transmitter. The 3200-FGL has

already been sold separately for use with bobtails and can be

used in the event of any kind of

unintentional release of propane or ammonia liquid. Over

15,000 of the bobtail remote safety

shutoff systems are already in use today.


Unit HM 8.1.2

Chapter 11

Product Control





Slide 88


Product Control


Describe the use of emergency remote shutoff devices at fixed facilities.

When contemplating using “Remote

Shutoffs” the most important document to

refer to is the “Pre-Incident Plan” and

communications with the “Site Manager”.

NFPA 6.6.4.1(5)


Response.


6.6.4.1(5) Describe the use of emergency remote shutoff

devices at fixed facilities.

When contemplating using “Remote Shutoffs” the most

important document to refer to is the

“Pre-Incident Plan” and communications with the “Site

Manager”.

Responders must know what the ramifications are when

shutting down any system.

Will the shut down “Safety” the entire system?

Will it lead to a pressure buildup creating another problem?

Will it cause a backup of product forcing a relief valve to

operate, creating another hazard?

Skill Sheet: 6.6.4.1 S

Skill Sheet: 6.6.4.1 T

Skill Sheet: 6.6.4.1 U


Unit HM 8.1.2

Chapter 11

Product Control




Slide 89

Connecticut Fire AcademyNFPA 6.6.4.1(5)

Product Control


Response.







Manager”.

It is important to know exactly what valve or shut off is

being closed and what system it affects.

The picture shows Post Indicator Valves (PIV) that would

be used to shut off Fire Sprinkler

Systems. If not properly marked, would it be possible to

shut off the wrong one?




Slide 90


Product Control


Response.







Manager”.

It is important to know exactly how a valve or shut off

system works.

The picture shows a common Gas Shut Off.

Note that when the stem runs in line with the pipe – it is

Open, When across the pipe, It’s Closed





Unit HM 8.1.2

Chapter 11

Product Control




Slide 91


Product Control


Response.







Manager”.

It is important to know exactly how a valve or shut off

system works.

The picture shows a common Electrical Panel, they can be

much larger

Note that most “New” panels are clearly marked, they

should also have specific identification as

to what areas the switch will control and isolate





Unit HM 8.1.2

Chapter 11

Product Control




Slide 92


Product Control

The operations level responder assigned to

perform product control shall describe local

procedures for going through the technical

decontamination process.

Must know LERP / SOP’s / SOG’s

Consider all who come out of Hot Zone as

Contaminated. Refer to Modules 2 and 3(Chapter 6: 6.3 and 6.4)

NFPA 6.6.4.2


Response.

6.6.4.2 The operations level responder assigned to perform

product control shall

describe local procedures for going through the technical

decontamination process.

First Responders must know:

Local Emergency Response Plan (LERP)

Standard Operating Procedures (SOP’s)

Standard Operating Guidelines (SOG’s)

Responders should consider all who come out of Hot Zone

as Contaminated.

Refer to Modules 2 (Mass Decontamination) and 3

(Technical Decontamination)

Chapter 6: 6.3 and 6.4

Slide 93


Module 5 – Practical Application

Skill Sheets Must be Completed

AHJ needs to practice several

various scenarios that allow

students to meet skills.ie. Damming, Diking, Diverting

Over-Pack Drum, Fire Extinguishers,

Foam ApplicationNFPA 6.6

6.6 Mission-Specific Competencies: Product Control.

Skill Sheets Must be Completed

AHJ needs to practice several various scenarios that allows

student to meet skills.

ie. Damming, Diking, Diverting Over-Pack Drum, Fire

Extinguishers, Foam Application

Slide 94


NEVER FORGET

module 5 the connecticut fire academy unit hm 8.1.2mission

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