module 4

AA m e r i c a nm e r i c a n WW e l d i n ge l d i n g S S o c i e t yo c i e t y

Module 4 - Module 4 - 11

Module 4Module 4

Weld Joint Weld Joint GeometryGeometry

------------

Welding and NDE Welding and NDE Symbols Symbols



ANSI/AWS A3.0 - 94ANSI/AWS A3.0 - 94

Standard Welding Terms and Definitions



Introduction - 1 of 2Introduction - 1 of 2 The geometry of joints and welds The geometry of joints and welds

must be clearly stated and understood must be clearly stated and understood by all parties involved with fabricationby all parties involved with fabrication

Terminology used per A3.0 and A2.4Terminology used per A3.0 and A2.4 Don’t use slang termsDon’t use slang terms Welding symbols are a shorthand Welding symbols are a shorthand

method for clearly stating exactly method for clearly stating exactly what welding is to be done and wherewhat welding is to be done and where



Introduction - 2 of 2Introduction - 2 of 2

Joint and Weld geometry per A3.0-Joint and Weld geometry per A3.0-9494

Classroom discussion on A3.0Classroom discussion on A3.0 Welding Symbols per A2.4-98Welding Symbols per A2.4-98 Classroom discussion on A2.4-98Classroom discussion on A2.4-98 WIT Module 4 - additional Study WIT Module 4 - additional Study

GuideGuide


Module 4 - Module 4 - 55Weld or Joint Geometry & Weld or Joint Geometry & TermsTerms

Imperative to know the difference Imperative to know the difference between a ‘joint’ and a ‘weld’ and between a ‘joint’ and a ‘weld’ and use terms properlyuse terms properly

Standard terms must be used when Standard terms must be used when dealing with weld joint and weld dealing with weld joint and weld geometry to avoid errors in geometry to avoid errors in communicationcommunication



5 Basic Joint Types5 Basic Joint Types

Refer to A3.0-94, Fig 1, page 41Refer to A3.0-94, Fig 1, page 41

ButtButt CornerCorner T-JointT-Joint LapLap EdgeEdge



Butt JointButt Joint

A Joint between A Joint between 2 members 2 members aligned aligned approximately approximately in the same in the same planeplane


Module 4 - Module 4 - 88Butt Joint - Applicable Butt Joint - Applicable WeldsWelds

Bevel-grooveBevel-groove Flare-bevel-Flare-bevel-

groovegroove Flare-v-grooveFlare-v-groove J-grooveJ-groove Square-grooveSquare-groove

U-grooveU-groove V-grooveV-groove Edge-flangeEdge-flange BrazeBraze



Corner JointCorner Joint

A Joint between 2 A Joint between 2 members located members located approximately at approximately at right angles to right angles to each othereach other inin the the form of an Lform of an L


Module 4 - Module 4 - 1010Corner Joint - Applicable Corner Joint - Applicable WeldsWelds

FilletFillet Bevel-grooveBevel-groove Flare-bevel-grooveFlare-bevel-groove Flare-v-grooveFlare-v-groove J-grooveJ-groove Square-grooveSquare-groove U-grooveU-groove

V-grooveV-groove PlugPlug SlotSlot SpotSpot SeamSeam ProjectionProjection BrazeBraze



T-JointT-Joint

A Joint between 2 A Joint between 2 members located members located at approximately at approximately right angles to right angles to each other in the each other in the form of a Tform of a T



T Joint - Applicable WeldsT Joint - Applicable Welds

FilletFillet Bevel-grooveBevel-groove Flare-bevel-Flare-bevel-

groovegroove J-grooveJ-groove Square-grooveSquare-groove PlugPlug

SlotSlot SpotSpot SeamSeam ProjectionProjection BrazeBraze



Lap JointLap Joint

A Joint between 2 A Joint between 2 overlapping overlapping members in members in parallel planesparallel planes


Module 4 - Module 4 - 1414Lap Joint - Applicable Lap Joint - Applicable WeldsWelds

FilletFillet Bevel-grooveBevel-groove Flare-bevel-Flare-bevel-

groovegroove J-grooveJ-groove PlugPlug

SlotSlot SpotSpot SeamSeam ProjectionProjection BrazeBraze



Edge JointEdge Joint

A Joint between A Joint between the edges of 2 or the edges of 2 or more parallel, or more parallel, or nearly parallel, nearly parallel, membersmembers


Module 4 - Module 4 - 1616Edge Joint - Applicable Edge Joint - Applicable WeldsWelds

Bevel-grooveBevel-groove Flare-bevel-Flare-bevel-

groovegroove Flare-v-grooveFlare-v-groove J-grooveJ-groove Square-grooveSquare-groove

U-grooveU-groove V-grooveV-groove EdgeEdge SeamSeam



Refer to A3.0-94, Figs 4, 5, 6, 7, pages 44 - 47

Joint NomenclatureJoint Nomenclature

Joint rootJoint root Groove faceGroove face Root edgeRoot edge Root faceRoot face Bevel angleBevel angle Depth of bevelDepth of bevel Groove angleGroove angle

Groove radiusGroove radius Root openingRoot opening Edge shapesEdge shapes

– square– single or double bevel– single or double J– round



Figure 4 -

Joint Root



Figure 5 -

Groove Face

Root Edge

Root Face



Figure 6 -

Bevel Angle

Bevel Depth

Groove Angle

Groove Radius

Root Opening



Figure 7 - Figure 7 - Edge ShapesEdge Shapes

SquareSquare Single BevelSingle Bevel Double BevelDouble Bevel Single JSingle J Double JDouble J FlangeFlange RoundRound


Module 4 - Module 4 - 2222Joint Geometry - Key Joint Geometry - Key LearningsLearnings

Refer to A3.0-94, Figures 4, 5, 6, pages 44 - Refer to A3.0-94, Figures 4, 5, 6, pages 44 - 4646

A joint root can be linear in nature, or an A joint root can be linear in nature, or an areaarea

A surface can be both a Root face & a A surface can be both a Root face & a Groove faceGroove face

An angle can be both a Bevel angle and a An angle can be both a Bevel angle and a Groove angleGroove angle



Weld JointsWeld Joints

Refer to A3.0-94, Figs 8, 9, 10, 14, 15Refer to A3.0-94, Figs 8, 9, 10, 14, 15

Single groove - Single groove - p 48p 48 Double-groove - Double-groove - p 49p 49 Flanged Joints - Flanged Joints - p 50p 50 Seam and Spot - Seam and Spot - p 53p 53 Various - p 54Various - p 54


Module 4 - Module 4 - 2424Figure 8 -Figure 8 -Single Groove Single Groove

WeldsWelds

Single SquareSingle Square Single BevelSingle Bevel Single VSingle V Single JSingle J Single USingle U Single Flare BevelSingle Flare Bevel Single Flare VSingle Flare V


Module 4 - Module 4 - 2525Figure 8 -Figure 8 -Single Groove Single Groove

WeldsWelds

Double SquareDouble Square Double BevelDouble Bevel Double VDouble V Double JDouble J Double UDouble U Double Flare BevelDouble Flare Bevel Double Flare VDouble Flare V



Figure 10 - Figure 10 - Flanged WeldsFlanged Welds

Edge - Flanged ButtEdge - Flanged Butt Edge - Melt ThroughEdge - Melt Through Edge - Flanged CornerEdge - Flanged Corner Square, Flare VSquare, Flare V RSW in Flanged CornerRSW in Flanged Corner Fillet, Flare-Bevel in TFillet, Flare-Bevel in T


Module 4 - Module 4 - 2727Figure 14 -Figure 14 -Seam, Spot Seam, Spot

WeldsWelds

Arc Seam WeldArc Seam Weld EB Seam WeldEB Seam Weld RSW Seam WeldRSW Seam Weld RSW Spot WeldsRSW Spot Welds Arc Spot WeldsArc Spot Welds



Figure 15 - Figure 15 - Various WeldsVarious Welds

Upset WeldUpset Weld Flash WeldFlash Weld Surfacing WeldSurfacing Weld Slot WeldsSlot Welds Plug WeldsPlug Welds Fillet WeldsFillet Welds



Welding PositionWelding Position

Refer to A3.0-94, Figs 16 - 21, pages 55 - 64Refer to A3.0-94, Figs 16 - 21, pages 55 - 64

Review position diagrams & tables for groove Review position diagrams & tables for groove and fillet welds in plate and pipe - pages 55-57and fillet welds in plate and pipe - pages 55-57

Review welding test positions for groove and Review welding test positions for groove and fillet welds on plate and pipe - pages 58-63fillet welds on plate and pipe - pages 58-63

Note error in Fig 19D, page 61Note error in Fig 19D, page 61 Review Torch Position in Fig 21, page 64Review Torch Position in Fig 21, page 64



Welding Beads, SequencesWelding Beads, Sequences

Stringer beadStringer bead Weave beadWeave bead Backstep Backstep

sequencesequence

Block sequenceBlock sequence Cascade Cascade

sequencesequence Layers vs beadsLayers vs beads

Refer to A3.0-94, Figs 22 -23, pages 65 - 67



Parts Of A WeldParts Of A Weld

ToeToe FaceFace Face reinforcementFace reinforcement Root reinforcementRoot reinforcement Root surfaceRoot surface Weld RootWeld Root

BeadBead Back weldBack weld Backing weldBacking weld SpacerSpacer Heat-Affected Heat-Affected

Zone (HAZ)Zone (HAZ)

Refer to A3.0-94, Fig 24, pages 68 - 70



Figure 24 - Figure 24 - Parts of WeldsParts of Welds

Weld FaceWeld Face Weld ToeWeld Toe Face ReinforcementFace Reinforcement Root ReinforcementRoot Reinforcement Weld RootWeld Root Back WeldBack Weld Backing WeldBacking Weld




Weld RootWeld Root Leg, Face, ToeLeg, Face, Toe SpacerSpacer Weld MetalWeld Metal Heat Affected Heat Affected

ZoneZone




Weld RootWeld Root Weld BeadWeld Bead Dilution PercentDilution Percent



Refer to A3.0, Fig 25, pages 71 - 72

Weld Sizes & TermsWeld Sizes & Terms

Convex FilletConvex Fillet Leg, size equalLeg, size equal ConvexityConvexity Actual throatActual throat Effective throatEffective throat Theoretical throatTheoretical throat

Concave Fillet Concave Fillet LegLeg Size (less than leg Size (less than leg

length)length) ConcavityConcavity Actual, Effective Actual, Effective

throats equalthroats equal Theoretical throatTheoretical throat



Convex Fillet WeldConvex Fillet Weld



Concave Fillet WeldConcave Fillet Weld



Joint & Root PenetrationJoint & Root Penetration

Note Incomplete Joint Penetration dimension


Module 4 - Module 4 - 3939Incomplete Joint Incomplete Joint PenetrationPenetration

Refer to A3.0, Fig 26 pages 75 - 76Refer to A3.0, Fig 26 pages 75 - 76

Term used only in reference to Term used only in reference to groove weldsgroove welds

If only Partial Penetration is If only Partial Penetration is intended, it is incorrect to refer to intended, it is incorrect to refer to the weld as Incomplete Joint the weld as Incomplete Joint PenetrationPenetration


Module 4 - Module 4 - 4040Incomplete Joint Incomplete Joint

PenetrationPenetration

(Or Partial Joint Penetration if intended)

E total can never be > base metal thickness


Module 4 - Module 4 - 4141Incomplete Joint Penetration Incomplete Joint Penetration

ErrorError

Fig 26 (c) - page 75 - Incomplete Joint Penetration reference dimension is in error on sketch

Error !

Correct Dimension


Module 4 - Module 4 - 4242Melt-through, Root Melt-through, Root SurfacesSurfaces

Refer to A3.0-94, Fig 27, page 77 Refer to A3.0-94, Fig 27, page 77

Melt-throughMelt-through Convex root surfaceConvex root surface Concave root surfaceConcave root surface

– Slang term is ‘suck back’ - Don’t Use



Incomplete FusionIncomplete Fusion

Refer to A3.0-94, Fig 29, page 79Refer to A3.0-94, Fig 29, page 79

Used in reference to both groove Used in reference to both groove and fillet weldsand fillet welds

Slang term often misused is ‘cold Slang term often misused is ‘cold lap’lap’



Incomplete Fusion - 1 of 2Incomplete Fusion - 1 of 2



Incomplete Fusion - 2 of 2Incomplete Fusion - 2 of 2



Fusion Weld TermsFusion Weld TermsRefer to A3.0, Figure 30, page 80



Weld DiscontinuitiesWeld Discontinuities

Refer to A3.0-94, Fig 32, 33, pages Refer to A3.0-94, Fig 32, 33, pages 82 - 8382 - 83

Cracks - see nomenclature in Fig 33Cracks - see nomenclature in Fig 33 UndercutUndercut OverlapOverlap UnderfillUnderfill



ANSI/AWS A2.4-98ANSI/AWS A2.4-98

Standard Symbols for Welding, Brazing, and Nondestructive Examination


Module 4 - Module 4 - 4949Welding Symbols - Welding Symbols - IntroductionIntroduction

Refer to A2.4-98Refer to A2.4-98

A shorthand method of conveying A shorthand method of conveying welding informationwelding information

AWS system used all over the worldAWS system used all over the world Modified as necessary to reflect needs Modified as necessary to reflect needs

of industriesof industries Very simple, but a very powerful Very simple, but a very powerful

system for conveying informationsystem for conveying information


Module 4 - Module 4 - 5050Weld Symbol vs Welding Weld Symbol vs Welding SymbolSymbol

A A Weld SymbolWeld Symbol indicates the type of indicates the type of Weld, and may be a part of the:Weld, and may be a part of the:

Welding SymbolWelding Symbol - the complete - the complete information needed to convey the information needed to convey the necessary welding information to necessary welding information to all parties, including the welder. It all parties, including the welder. It contains several contains several elementselements, , including the Weld Symbol.including the Weld Symbol.



Weld SymbolsWeld Symbols



The above welds may be applied to one side or both sides of the joint, or in combination.

Groove Weld Types - 8Groove Weld Types - 8

SquareSquare ScarfScarf VV BevelBevel

UU JJ Flare-VFlare-V Flare-bevelFlare-bevel



* Stud and surfacing symbols are always placed below reference line.

Other Weld Types - 11Other Weld Types - 11

FilletFillet Plug or SlotPlug or Slot Stud *Stud * Spot or Spot or

ProjectionProjection

SeamSeam Back or BackingBack or Backing Surfacing *Surfacing * EdgeEdge



Weld Symbols - RulesWeld Symbols - Rules

Symbols with a perpendicular leg Symbols with a perpendicular leg shall have the perpendicular leg shall have the perpendicular leg drawn on the left side of the symbol. drawn on the left side of the symbol. (fillet, bevel-groove, J-groove, and (fillet, bevel-groove, J-groove, and flare-bevel-groove)flare-bevel-groove)

The symbols for Stud and Surfacing The symbols for Stud and Surfacing welds shall always be drawn welds shall always be drawn belowbelow the reference line.the reference line.



Welding SymbolWelding Symbol


Module 4 - Module 4 - 5656Supplementary Supplementary SymbolsSymbols


Module 4 - Module 4 - 5757Elements of Welding Elements of Welding SymbolsSymbols

Required Required ElementsElements

Reference Line - Reference Line - always horizontalalways horizontal

ArrowArrow

Optional ElementsOptional Elements Multiple reference linesMultiple reference lines TailTail Weld SymbolWeld Symbol DimensionsDimensions Supplementary SymbolsSupplementary Symbols FinishFinish Specification, ProcessSpecification, Process



Arrow NotationArrow Notation

Information applicable Information applicable to the arrow side of to the arrow side of the joint is placed the joint is placed below the reference below the reference lineline

Information applicable Information applicable to the other side of a to the other side of a joint is placed above joint is placed above the reference linethe reference line



Arrow Side Weld SymbolsArrow Side Weld Symbols



Other Side Weld SymbolsOther Side Weld Symbols



Side SignificanceSide Significance

The Weld Symbol The Weld Symbol straddles the straddles the reference line when reference line when there is no side there is no side SignificanceSignificance

Resistance Spot WeldResistance Spot Weld

Resistance Seam WeldResistance Seam Weld

Flash WeldFlash Weld



Break in Arrow LineBreak in Arrow Line

A break in the A break in the arrow line signifies arrow line signifies that the member that the member the arrow points to the arrow points to is the member is the member receiving the edge receiving the edge preparation.preparation.



Combined Weld SymbolsCombined Weld Symbols

For joints For joints requiring more requiring more than one weld than one weld type, a weld type, a weld symbol shall be symbol shall be used to specify used to specify each weldeach weld



Multiple ArrowsMultiple Arrows

Two or more Two or more arrows may be arrows may be used for a single used for a single reference line to reference line to denote locations denote locations where identical where identical welds are welds are specified.specified.



Multiple Reference LinesMultiple Reference Lines Two or more Two or more

reference lines may reference lines may be used to indicate be used to indicate a sequence of a sequence of operations. operations.

The first operation The first operation is always on the is always on the reference line reference line nearest the arrow.nearest the arrow.


Module 4 - Module 4 - 6666Field Weld & Weld All-Field Weld & Weld All-AroundAround

The Field Weld symbol The Field Weld symbol is a solid flag, and is is a solid flag, and is always located at always located at junction of the arrow junction of the arrow and reference line.and reference line.

The Weld All-Around The Weld All-Around symbol is a circle and symbol is a circle and is located at junction is located at junction of the arrow and of the arrow and reference line.reference line.



TailTail

The Tail is used to The Tail is used to specify welding specify welding process process information or information or other such other such information information needed to convey needed to convey the necessary the necessary welding details.welding details.



Welding and NDE SymbolsWelding and NDE Symbols Welding and NDE symbols Welding and NDE symbols

can be combined on the can be combined on the same reference line, or on same reference line, or on separate multiple reference separate multiple reference lines.lines.

Combining welding and NDE Combining welding and NDE symbols on multiple symbols on multiple reference lines often clarifies reference lines often clarifies the exact sequence of the exact sequence of operations required.operations required.



Weld Contours & FinishingWeld Contours & Finishing Weld surfaces can be Weld surfaces can be

contoured to several contoured to several shapes; convex, concave, shapes; convex, concave, flush, or flat.flush, or flat.

Finishing methods are Finishing methods are abbreviated as shown.abbreviated as shown.

‘‘U’ denotes contour U’ denotes contour method is ‘Unspecified’method is ‘Unspecified’

Contour symbol w/o finish Contour symbol w/o finish symbol means as-weldedsymbol means as-welded



Symbol Dimensions?Symbol Dimensions? Tolerances, if required, are to be placed in tailTolerances, if required, are to be placed in tail Welding Symbols are usually drawn without Welding Symbols are usually drawn without

dimension units such as inches or millimeters.dimension units such as inches or millimeters. But, Welding Symbols to be used for But, Welding Symbols to be used for

publications or those requiring high precision publications or those requiring high precision should be dimensioned and have the should be dimensioned and have the dimensional tolerances noted within the tail.dimensional tolerances noted within the tail.


Module 4 - Module 4 - 7171Symbol ExamplesSymbol Examples

Arrow side - V- grooveArrow side - V- groove

Other side - V- grooveOther side - V- groove

Both sides - V- grooveBoth sides - V- groove



Symbol ExamplesSymbol Examples

Back or Backing, Back or Backing, single J-groove, single J-groove, filletfillet

Single-bevel-Single-bevel-groove, double groove, double filletfillet



Symbol ExamplesSymbol Examples Weld all-Weld all-

around around symbol is a symbol is a very useful very useful symbolsymbol

Multi-plane weld Multi-plane weld requirements are very requirements are very simple to sketch using simple to sketch using symbolsymbol



Symbol ExamplesSymbol Examples Square-groove butt Square-groove butt

with melt-throughwith melt-through

Edge weld on Edge weld on flanged butt with flanged butt with melt-throughmelt-through

Edge weld on Edge weld on flanged corner joint flanged corner joint with melt-throughwith melt-through


Module 4 - Module 4 - 7575Groove Weld Dimensions - 1 Groove Weld Dimensions - 1 of 9of 9

Depth of Bevel, S, and Depth of Bevel, S, and Size of Weld, (E) Size of Weld, (E) placed to the left of the placed to the left of the symbolsymbol

1/4 inch bevel with a 1/4 inch bevel with a 3/8 inch weld3/8 inch weld

(No dimensions means (No dimensions means complete penetration)complete penetration)


Module 4 - Module 4 - 7676Groove Weld Dimensions - Groove Weld Dimensions - 2 of 92 of 9

Refer to A2.4, Fig 15, pg Refer to A2.4, Fig 15, pg 3131

Examples of Groove Weld Examples of Groove Weld Bevel & Weld Dimensions Bevel & Weld Dimensions

No dimensions means No dimensions means complete penetrationcomplete penetration



The Root Opening The Root Opening is placed within the is placed within the weld symbol or just weld symbol or just outside, and only outside, and only on one side of the on one side of the reference linereference line

Inches or mm per Inches or mm per shop practiceshop practice



Groove Angle is Groove Angle is placed just placed just outside the outside the weld symbolweld symbol


Module 4 - Module 4 - 7979Groove Weld Dimensions - Groove Weld Dimensions - 5 of 9 5 of 9

The length of the weld shall be placed to the The length of the weld shall be placed to the right of the weld symbol. No dimension required right of the weld symbol. No dimension required if weld is continuous for full length of joint.if weld is continuous for full length of joint.



Pitch is the distance between centers of adjacent Pitch is the distance between centers of adjacent weld segments. Pitch length is shown to the weld segments. Pitch length is shown to the right of the weld length dimension following a right of the weld length dimension following a hyphen.hyphen.



Chain intermittent weld dimensions are Chain intermittent weld dimensions are to be placed on both sides of reference to be placed on both sides of reference line, and opposite each otherline, and opposite each other



Staggered intermittent weld dimensions Staggered intermittent weld dimensions are to be placed on both sides of reference are to be placed on both sides of reference line, and offset from each other.line, and offset from each other.



Refer to Refer to A2.4, Fig A2.4, Fig 30, pages 30, pages 36, 3736, 37

Flare-Bevel Flare-Bevel & Flare-V & Flare-V weldswelds



Back and Backing Welds Back and Backing Welds

The back and backing weld symbols The back and backing weld symbols are identical. The sequence of are identical. The sequence of welding determines which welding determines which designation applies.designation applies.

Back weld made Back weld made afterafter groove weld groove weld Backing weld made Backing weld made beforebefore groove groove

weldweld



Back Weld Back Weld

The back weld symbol is placed on the reference line opposite the groove weld using a single reference line with note in tail. Or, use multiple reference lines.



Backing Weld Backing Weld

The backing weld symbol is placed on the reference line opposite the groove weld using a single reference line with note in tail. Or, use multiple reference lines



Joint With Backing Joint With Backing

The backing symbol is placed on the reference line opposite the weld symbol. The “R’’ refers to removing the backing after welding is completed.



Joint With Spacer Joint With Spacer

The spacer symbol straddles the reference line within the weld symbol. Material, size in tail.


Module 4 - Module 4 - 8989Fillet Weld Dimensions - 1 Fillet Weld Dimensions - 1 of 5 of 5

The fillet weld size is shown to the left of the symbol. For double fillets, each is dimensioned.



Arrow Side versus Other Side for Fillet welds. For double fillet welds, each is dimensioned.



The fillet weld size for unequal leg fillets is shown to the left of the symbol, with clarifying information in the tail.



The fillet weld length is shown to the right of the weld symbol. When fillet weld is the full length of the joint, no dimension is required.

Fillet Weld Dimensions - 4 Fillet Weld Dimensions - 4 of 5 of 5


Module 4 - Module 4 - 9393Fillet Weld Dimensions - 5 Fillet Weld Dimensions - 5 of 5of 5

Intermittent fillet welds follow the Intermittent fillet welds follow the same rules as intermittent groove same rules as intermittent groove welds regarding pitch and placement of welds regarding pitch and placement of dimensions to the right of the weld dimensions to the right of the weld symbol.symbol.

Chain and staggered fillets are usedChain and staggered fillets are used Fillet weld finishing symbols same as Fillet weld finishing symbols same as

for groove weldsfor groove welds



Plug Welds - 1 of 4 Plug Welds - 1 of 4

Plug weld size is shown to the left of the Plug weld size is shown to the left of the plug weld symbol, and is preceded by the plug weld symbol, and is preceded by the diameter symbol, diameter symbol, . Plug weld size is the . Plug weld size is the diameter of the hole at the faying surfacediameter of the hole at the faying surface




Countersink angle is shown just Countersink angle is shown just outside the weld symbol.outside the weld symbol.




Depth of filling is shown as a linear Depth of filling is shown as a linear dimension within the plug weld dimension within the plug weld symbol when less than complete.symbol when less than complete.




The pitch is shown to the right of the The pitch is shown to the right of the symbol. The number of plug welds is symbol. The number of plug welds is shown just outside the weld symbol, in shown just outside the weld symbol, in parenthesesparentheses



Slot WeldsSlot Welds The slot weld symbol is identical to the The slot weld symbol is identical to the

plug weld symbolplug weld symbol All conventions for slot welds are identical All conventions for slot welds are identical

to that of plug welds except that the to that of plug welds except that the diameter symbol, diameter symbol, , is not used for slot , is not used for slot weldswelds

The primary difference between the two The primary difference between the two types is the slot is an elongated hole types is the slot is an elongated hole having a width and length rather than a having a width and length rather than a diameter diameter



Slot Weld SymbolSlot Weld Symbol

Slot WeldsSlot Welds

Note: No Note: No symbol symbol is usedis used


Module 4 - Module 4 - 100100Spot or Projection Welds - Spot or Projection Welds - 1 of 4 1 of 4

The spot weld symbol may straddle the The spot weld symbol may straddle the reference line when there is no side reference line when there is no side significance, or be placed on either side significance, or be placed on either side if significant.if significant.

Spot Spot sizesize or or strengthstrength to left of symbol to left of symbol Projection weld symbols are shown Projection weld symbols are shown

above or below the reference line, and above or below the reference line, and require the PW designation in the tail of require the PW designation in the tail of the symbol.the symbol.



Welding symbol showing spot weld Welding symbol showing spot weld size, number, and welding method.size, number, and welding method.



Spacing is shown to the right of the Spacing is shown to the right of the symbolsymbol

Number required is shown just Number required is shown just outside the symbol, in parenthesesoutside the symbol, in parentheses



Projection weld symbolProjection weld symbol



Seam Welds - 1 of 2Seam Welds - 1 of 2 Symbol may be on either side, or Symbol may be on either side, or

straddling reference linestraddling reference line Dimensioning as before; size to left Dimensioning as before; size to left

of symbol, length and pitch to rightof symbol, length and pitch to right May be specified by size or strengthMay be specified by size or strength May be continuous or intermittentMay be continuous or intermittent Number shown in parentheses Number shown in parentheses

above or below weld symbolabove or below weld symbol



Seam Welds - 2 of 2Seam Welds - 2 of 2

Seam weld welding symbol. Note info in Seam weld welding symbol. Note info in tailtail



Edge Welds - 1 of 3Edge Welds - 1 of 3 Used to specify edge welds on edge Used to specify edge welds on edge

joints and flanged butt or flanged joints and flanged butt or flanged corner jointscorner joints

Full thickness of joint members must Full thickness of joint members must be fusedbe fused

Size to left of symbol, length and pitch Size to left of symbol, length and pitch to rightto right

May be continuous or intermittentMay be continuous or intermittent



Edge Welds - 2 of 3Edge Welds - 2 of 3

Edge weld symbol applicationEdge weld symbol application



Edge Welds - 3 of 3Edge Welds - 3 of 3

Edge weld symbol application with 3 Edge weld symbol application with 3 membersmembers



Stud Welds - 1 of 3Stud Welds - 1 of 3

Stud weld symbol always on arrow Stud weld symbol always on arrow sideside

Size (diameter of stud) to left of Size (diameter of stud) to left of symbol, pitch to rightsymbol, pitch to right

Number in parentheses just outside Number in parentheses just outside symbolsymbol




Stud weld symbol applicationStud weld symbol application




Stud weld symbol application, multiple arrowsStud weld symbol application, multiple arrows



Surfacing Welds - 1 of 3Surfacing Welds - 1 of 3

Surfacing weld symbol always on Surfacing weld symbol always on arrow sidearrow side

Applies to single or multiple layersApplies to single or multiple layers Size (thickness) to left of symbolSize (thickness) to left of symbol Location, direction of welding in tail Location, direction of welding in tail

or a drawing reference or a drawing reference




Surfacing weld symbol applicationSurfacing weld symbol application



Two Weld Layers


Surfacing weld symbol application, Surfacing weld symbol application, multiple layersmultiple layers



Brazing Symbols - 1 of 3Brazing Symbols - 1 of 3

Brazing symbol shows joint Brazing symbol shows joint geometry, clearance, type of geometry, clearance, type of braze process, size of braze, braze process, size of braze, pitchpitch

Special cleaning requirements, Special cleaning requirements, before or after brazing, can be before or after brazing, can be noted in tail or on drawingnoted in tail or on drawing




Brazing symbol application in scarf jointBrazing symbol application in scarf joint




Brazing symbol with dimensions and braze Brazing symbol with dimensions and braze typetype



NDE Symbols - 1 of 2NDE Symbols - 1 of 2 All conventions used are similar, if All conventions used are similar, if

not identical to Welding Symbolsnot identical to Welding Symbols Must be familiar with NDE Must be familiar with NDE

abbreviations for test methodsabbreviations for test methods Supplementary symbols have Supplementary symbols have

slightly different meaningslightly different meaning Number of tests, extent of testing Number of tests, extent of testing

must be specifiedmust be specified



NDE Symbols - 2 of 2NDE Symbols - 2 of 2

Note items and position of placementNote items and position of placement



NDE AbbreviationsNDE Abbreviations

AETAET ETET LTLT MTMT NRTNRT

PTPT PRTPRT RTRT UTUT VTVT


Module 4 - Module 4 - 121121NDE Supplementary NDE Supplementary SymbolsSymbols


Module 4 - Module 4 - 122122NDE Symbol Application - NDE Symbol Application - 1 of 21 of 2

RT symbol, with angle of radiation incidenceRT symbol, with angle of radiation incidence


Module 4 - Module 4 - 123123NDE Symbol Application - NDE Symbol Application - 2 of 22 of 2

MT symbol, both sides for 6 inch lengthMT symbol, both sides for 6 inch length



A2.4-98 - Back of BookA2.4-98 - Back of Book Table 1 - letter designations of processesTable 1 - letter designations of processes Table 2 - alphabetical cross reference to Table 2 - alphabetical cross reference to

Table 1 by processTable 1 by process Table 3 - alphabetical cross reference to Table 3 - alphabetical cross reference to

Table 1 by letter designationTable 1 by letter designation Annex A & AM - Design of Standard SymbolsAnnex A & AM - Design of Standard Symbols Annex B - Commentary on A2.4-98Annex B - Commentary on A2.4-98 Welding Symbol ChartWelding Symbol Chart

module 4

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