module 2 legislation of osh in malaysia
TRANSCRIPT
INTRODUCTION TO OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH LEGISLATIONS IN MALAYSIA -
� ACT 139 - FACTORIES AND MACHINERY ACT, 1967 (FMA)
by:NORRAZMAN ZAIHA BIN ZAINOL
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
�Exposure to OSH related legislations in
Malaysia
�Describe the differences between the
laws
�Describe the key elements in both laws
� The code of laws of Babylonian King
Hammurabi (circa 2000 B.C.)
� Printed the code on a 2.4 height stone
monument and published to people
� Hammurabi prescribed punishment of
overseers for injuries suffered by workers
� Also, imposed fine to prevent the accident
� Death penalty if causing death to other and
compensation to victim
� If a builder built a house for a man and do not make its construction firm and the house which he has built collapse and cause death of the owner of the house - the builder shall put to death
� If it cause the death of the son of the owner of the house- they shall put to death a son of the builder
� If it cause the death of a slave of the owner of the house- he shall give the owner of house of slave of equal value
� If it destroy property, he shall restore whatever is destroyed, and because he did not make the house which he built firm and collapsed, he shall rebuilt the house which collapsed at his own expense
� If a builder built a house for a man and do not make its construction meet requirements and a wall fall in, that builder shall strength the wall at his own expense
� Development of OSH in Malaysia very close relates to UK
� UK developed their OSH legislation during Industrial Revolutionin 19th century
� Earlier, limited liability on employer – “doctrine commonemployment”
� Laws enacted to control the working hour, gender and age.
� Tragic events such as factory fires also triggered legislationrequiring improved factory safety standards.
� By the end of the nineteenth century, the concept ofresponsibility without fault of the employer gave rise tocompensation and insurance schemes for occupational injuriesand then diseases including the first traces of the principle ofprevention.
� 1970, a committee chaired by Lord Roben investigated on thefailure of UK factories to reduce the accident and from hisreport, UK enacted HASAWA 1974 to replace other OSH laws
Source : ILO 2009
� Selangor Boiler Enactment 1892
� Perak Boiler 1903
� Machinery Ordinance 1913
� Machinery Enactment 1932
� Factory and Machinery Act 1967
� Lift Regulation 1970
� Lead Regulation 1984
� Noise Regulation 1989
� Mineral Dust Regulation 1989
� Asbestos Regulation 1991
� Occupational Safety & Health Act 1994
8
ACT
� Describe basic scope and provision of the Act
� Gazetted by Parliment
� Related OSH laws - AKKP 1994, AKJ 1967, ABE 1990 dan AKAS 1974
REGULATIONS
� Detailing on the requirement of the provision of the Act
� Approved by immediate Ministry
CODE OF PRACTICE / GUIDELINE
� Guideline to comply with the Act and Regulations
� Develop with assistance from the industries and approved by DOSH
� Not an act or regulations
10
�Specific laws e.g.:� Pesticide Act 1984.
� Petroleum (Safety Measures) Act 1984.
� Atomic Energy Licensing Act 1984.
Electrical Supply Act 1990.
CATEGORY OF OSH LEGISLATION IN MALAYSIA
� Fire Services Act 1988
� Uniform Building By-Law 1984
� Petroleum Safety Measures Act 1984
� Gas Supply Act 1993
� Diesel and Gas Storage Requirement
� Electricity Supply Act 1990
� Poison Act 1952
� Pesticide Act 1974
� Road Transport Act 1987
� Atomic Energy Licensing Act
� Environmental Quality Act 1974
� An Act to provide for the control of factories
with respect to matters relating to the safety, health and welfare of person therein, the registration and inspection of machinery and for matters connected therewith.
[1 February 1970]
� Included
� SIX Parts with 59 Sections
� THREE SCHEDULE
1. FIRST SCHEDULE – Dangerous Occurrence
2. SECOND SCHEDULE – Serious Bodily Injury
3. THIRD SCHEDULE – Notifiable Occupational Diseases
� Factory
� Terms & definition of;
� Chief Inspector/Inspector
� Building Operations
� Works of Engineering Construction
� Lifts/Hoisting machine/Machinery/Guards
� Unfired pressure vessel
� Bodily injury
� Certificate of fitness/ competency
� Engineer / Licensed person/Young person
� Section 4. Appointment of officers.
� Section 5. Supervision of officers.
� Section 6. Officers are public servants.
� Section 7. Powers of an Inspector.
� Section 7A. Entry into premises with a search warrant and the power of seizure.
� Section 7B. Entry into premises without a search warrant and the power of seizure
� Section 7C. Service of list of things seized.
� Section 7D. Appointment, powers and duties of a licensed person
Section 12. Lifting of weights.
No person shall be employed to lift, carry or move
any load so heavy as to be likely to cause bodily
injury to him.
Section 13. Provisions against fire.
Without prejudice to any law with respect to localauthorities, in every factory there shall be takensuch precautions against fire, and there shall beprovided and maintained, such means of escapein case of fire other than means of exit in ordinaryuse, and such means of extinguishing fire as maybe prescribed
Section 19 and 19A. Certificate of Fitness andRevoke of certificate due to fraud.
(1) No person shall operate or cause or permit to be
operated any machine unless a valid certificate is
issued
(2) Inspector has right to prohibit any use of the
machinery if no valid certificate.
(3) Termination of certificate if machinery under repair,
dismantle or damaged.
(4) If fraud, Inspector has right to revoke the certificate
Section 20. Duties of persons employed.
(1) No person employed in any factory or in any place
where any machinery is installed shall wilfully interfere
with or misuse any means, appliance, convenience or
other thing provided in pursuance of this Act for
securing the safety, health or welfare of the persons
employed in the factory or the place where the
machinery is installed; and when any means or
appliance for securing safety, health or welfare is
provided for the use of the person under this Act, he
shall make use of such means or such appliance.
Section 24. Personal protective clothing and
appliances.
Where in any factory persons are exposed to a wet or
dusty process, to noise, to heat or to any poisonous,
corrosive or other injurious substance which is liable
to cause bodily injury to those persons the Minister
may prescribe the provision and maintenance for use
of those persons suitable and adequate personal
protective clothing and appliances including where
necessary goggles, gloves, leggings, caps, foot-wear
and protective ointment or lotion.
�Section 25. Provision relating to welfare .
In relating to the factory, the followingprovision relating to welfare of the personsshall apply:
(1) adequate and suitable accommodationfor clothing not worn during working hour
(2) Adequate supply of drinking water
(3) Adequate and suitable facilities forwashing
(4) Provision of first aid box and room
� Section 26. Training and supervision of inexperienced workers.
No person shall be employed at any machine or inany process, being a machine or process liable tocause bodily injury, unless he has been fullyinstructed as to the dangers likely to arise inconnection therewith and the precautions to beobserved, and—
(a) has received sufficient instruction in work at the
machine or process; or
(b) is under adequate supervision by a person who
has knowledge and experience of the machine or
process.
Section 28. Young persons.
(1) No young person shall carry out work
involving the management of, or attendance
on, or proximity to, any machinery.
(2) It shall be the duty of the owner or occupier to
ensure that subsection (1) is observed.
Section 31. Accidents and dangerous occurrence to be reported.
�causes loss of life to any person;
�causes serious bodily injury to any person;
�causes bodily injury to any person so that the person is prevented from following his normal occupation for more than three clear days excluding the day of the accident; or
�causes serious damage to machinery or other property,
Section 31, continue;
� or any dangerous occurrence takes place inany factory or in connection with anymachinery, the occupier shall report theaccident or dangerous occurrence to theInspector having jurisdiction for the area inwhich the accident or dangerous occurrencehas taken place by the quickest meansavailable and subsequently with the leastpossible delay, report in writing to the Inspectorin the prescribed form the facts of the matter sofar as they are known to him.
Section 32. Notification of occupational diseases.
(1) Every registered medical practitioner attending on, or calledin to visit, a patient whom he believes to be suffering from anyof the diseases named in the Third Schedule and contractedin a factory shall, unless such notice has been previouslysent—
(a)forthwith sent to the Chief Inspector a notice stating thename and location of the factory in which the patient states heis or was last employed, the name and full postal address ofthe patient and the disease from which, in the opinion of theregistered medical practitioner, the patient is suffering; and
(b) at the same time send a copy of the notice to the occupierof the factory in which the patient states he is or was lastemployed.
� Section 34. Operation of factory.
� Section 35. Building operations or works of engineering construction.
� Section 36. Installation of machinery, etc.
� Section 37. Application for registration.
� Section 38. Register.
� Section 39. Moving or alteration of or addition to machinery to be approved.
� Section 40. Periodical inspections.
� Section 51. Penalties
(1) Any person who contravenes section 31,subsections 34(1), 36(1), 38(1) and 39(1), shall beguilty of an offence and shall, on conviction, beliable to a fine not exceeding one hundred thousandringgit or to imprisonment for a term not exceedingtwo years or to both.
(2) Any person who contravenes any other provisionof this Act or any regulation made under this Act forwhich contravention no penalty is expresslyprovided shall be guilty of an offence and shall, onconviction, be liable to a fine not exceeding fiftythousand ringgit or to imprisonment for a term notexceeding one year or to both.
Section 51. Penalties
(3) Where the offence of which any person isconvicted is a continuing offence, such personshall, in addition to the punishment inflicted inrespect of that offence, be further liable to a finenot exceeding two thousand ringgit for each dayor part of a day during which the offencecontinues after the first day in respect of whichthe conviction is recorded.
Section 51. Penalties
(4) Any person who without reasonable excusefails to comply with any written order or noticeissued under subsection 39(3) or 40(4) shall beguilty of an offence and shall on conviction beliable to a fine not exceeding two hundred andfifty thousand ringgit or to imprisonment for aterm not exceeding five years or to both and to afurther fine not exceeding two thousand ringgitfor each day or part of a day during which theoffence continues after the first day in respect ofwhich the conviction is recorded.
Section 51. Exemptions
(1) Nothing contained in this Act shall apply to—
(a) any factory or machinery operated—
(i) by the armed forces; or
(ii) by agreement with the Government byany visiting force lawfully present inMalaysia; or
(b) any machinery which is subject to the law
relating to merchant shipping.
Section 51. Exemptions
(2) Any factory and machinery operated by:(a) the Government of the Federation and theGovernment of every State shall be exemptedfrom the provisions of—
(i) the whole of sections 34, 35, 38, 48;and(ii) sections 36, 37, 39, 40, 43, only inrespect of machinery other than steamboilers, steam receivers, fired pressurevessels, unfired pressure vessels andlifts; and
Section 51. Exemptions
(3) The Minister may, by order, exempt eitherconditionally or absolutely any factory ormachinery or class of factories or machineryfrom all or any of the provisions of this Act orthe regulations made there under and may inlike manner cancel or vary any suchexemptions.
REGULATIONS UNDER FMA 19671. Factories and Machinery (Mineral Dust) Regulations, 1989
2. Factories and Machinery (Noise Exposure) Regulations, 1989
3. Factories and Machinery (Building Operations and Works of Engineering Construction) (Safety) Regulations, 1986
4. Factories and Machinery (Asbestos) Regulations, 1986
5. Factories and Machinery (Leads) Regulations, 1984
6. Factories and Machinery (Compundable Offences) Regulations, 1978
7. Factories and Machinery (Compounding of Offences) Rules, 1978
REGULATIONS UNDER FMA 19678. Factories and Machinery (Notification of Fitness and Inspections)
Regulations
9. Factories and Machinery (Certificates of Competency Examinations)
Regulations, 1970
10. Factories and Machinery (Administration) Regulations, 1970
11. Factories and Machinery (Safety, Health and Welfare) Regulations,
1970
12. Factories and Machinery (Person in Charge) Regulations, 1970
13. Factories and Machinery (Fencing of Machinery and Safety)
Regulations, 1970
14. Factories and Machinery (Electric Passenger and Goods Lift)
Regulations, 1970
15. Factories and Machinery (Steam Boiler and Unfired Pressure Vessel)
Regulations, 1970
�Building Operations and Works of Engineering Construction Safety Regulation 1986 (BOWECS)
� Imposes duties on employer to comply
� The contents of BOWECS Regulations 1986 include the general provisions on construction works activities; regulations on concrete work; structural steel and pre cast concrete assembly; cleaning; repairing and maintenance of roof, gutters, windows, louvers and ventilators; catch platforms; chutes, safety belts and nets; runaways and ramps; ladders and step-ladders; scaffolds; demolition; excavation works; material handling and storage, use and disposal; piling; blasting and use of explosives; and hand and power tools.
INTRODUCTION TO OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH LEGISLATIONS IN MALAYSIA -
� ACT 514 - OCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ACT, 1994 (OSHA)
by:NORRAZMAN ZAIHA BIN ZAINOL
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
(OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ACT 1994, (ACT 514))
An act to make further provisions for securing the safety, health and welfare of persons at work, for protecting others against risks to safety and health in connection with the activities of person at work, to establish the National Council for Occupational Safety and Health and for matters connected there with
�Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994
(Act 514)
� Was implemented on 25 February 1994
� As a guideline used by public or
private sectors in preparing the safety
and health policy in their workplace
ABOUT OSHA
In this Act,
-the responsibility for OSH at
workplace are shared between
employers and employees
- moved from the era of direct
government supervision to the era of
self help and self regulation
-implying bigger and more active
role for employers and employees
ABOUT OSHA
�Aiming to improve the management and
awareness of health and safety issues
�In the long term, it aims to encourage the
safety culture among employer and
employee in the industry
�To provide the means whereby the
associated occupational safety and health
regulations and approved industry code of
practice operating in combination with the
provisions of the Act, designed to maintain or
improve the standards of safety and health
COMMON TERMS:-
� Government� Federal, state or local government
� Immediate employers � Employee directly employed by or
through him� Principal employers
� Owner of industry� Occupier� Government� Legal representative of deceased
owner or occupier
COMMON TERMS:-
� Employee/Workers� Directly employed by principal� Employed by or through immediate
employer� Temporary engage to principal by
manpower supply firm � Occupier
� Person who manage or has control over a work place
COMMON TERMS:-
� So far as is practicable – execute any action after consider � Severity of hazard and risk� State of available knowledge on
hazard and risk and mitigation action
� Availability and suitability of ways to mitigate the hazard/risk
� The cost of mitigation
COMMON TERMS:-
� Premises� Land, building & part of it� Vehicle, vessel or aircraft� Installation on water and land� Tent and movable structure
� Place of works� Premises where person work or use
for storage� Plant
� Machinery, equipment, appliance, tools and part of it incl. accessories
OBJECTIVES OF THE ACT
Part 1(4)
The objectives of this Act are:
a)To secure the safety ,health and welfare of persons at work against risks to safety or health arising out of the activities of persons at work;
b) To protect persons
at a place of work other than persons at work against any risks to safety or health arising out of the activities of persons at work
c) To promote an
occupational
environment for
persons at work
which is adapted to
their physiological
and psychological
needs
d) to provide the means whereby the
associated occupational safety and
health legislations may be
progressively replaced by a system
of regulations and approved industry
codes of practice operating in
combination with the provisions of
this Act designed to maintain or
improve the standards of safety and
health.
� Scope of this act covers all working people in sectors such as manufacturing, mining (quarry), construction, forestry and fishery, utilities including electricity, gas, water, sanitary services, transportation, storage and communication, wholesale and retail trades, hotels and restaurants, real estates and business services, finance, insurance, public services and statutory
� However, it does NOT apply to work on board ships and armed forces (S. 1 (3)) – they have their own ordinances.
CONTENTS
OSHA span over fifteen parts and
three(3) schedule
�This act enables measures over
existing health and safety regulations
�Complement existing legislation
�In the event of any conflict, the
provision of OSHA shall prevail
PART I – PRELIMINARY
PART II – APPOINTMENT OF OFFICERS
PART III – NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY & HEALTH
PART IV – GENERAL DUTIES OF EMPLOYERS AND SELF EMPLOYED PERSONS
PART V – GENERAL DUTIES OF DESIGNERS, MANUFACTURERS AND SUPPLIERS
PART VI – GENERAL DUTIES OF EMPLOYEES
PART VII – SAFETY & HEALTH ORGANISATIONS
PART VIII – NOTIFICATION OF ACCIDENTS, DANGEROUS OCCURRENCE, OCCUPATIONAL POISONING AND OCCUPATIONAL DESEASES AND INQUIRY
PART IX – PROHIBITION AGAINST USE OF PLANT OR SUBSTANCE
PART X – INDUSTRIES CODE OF PRACTICE
PART XI – ENFORCEMENT AND INVESTIGATION
PART XII – LIABILITY FOR OFFENCES
PART XIII – APPEALS
PART XIV – REGULATIONS
PART XV – PROHIBITION AGAINST USE OF PLANT OR SUBSTANCE
PART IX – PROHIBITION AGAINST USE OF PLANT OR SUBSTANCE
PART XV - MISCELLANEOUS
PART III National council for occupational Safety & health
Section 8. Establishment of the Council. There shall be established a council called the "National Council for Occupational Safety and Health".
PART III National council for occupational Safety & health
Section 9. Membership of the Council. (1) The Council shall consist of not less than twelve and not more than fifteen members who shall be appointed by the Minister, of whom -(a) three persons shall be from organizations representing
employers; (b) three persons shall be from organizations representing
employees; (c) three or more persons shall be from Ministries or Departments
whose responsibility is related to occupational safety and health; and
(d) three or more persons, of whom at least one shall be a woman, shall be from organizations or professional bodies the activities of whose members are related to occupational safety and health and who, in the opinion of the Minister, are able to contribute to the work of the Council.
PART III National council for occupational Safety & health
Section 11. (1) The Council shall have power to do all things expedient or reasonably necessary for or incidental to the carrying out of the objects of this Act.
PART IV General duties of employers and self-
employed persons
Section 15. General duties ofemployers and self-employed personsto their employees.
(1) It shall be the duty of every employerand every self-employed person toensure, so far as is practicable, thesafety, health and welfare at work of all hisemployees.
PART IV General duties of employers and self-
employed persons
Section 15. General duties ofemployers and self-employed personsto their employees.
(2) Without prejudice to the generality of subsection (1), the matters to which the duty extends include in particular:
PART IV General duties of employers and self-
employed persons
Section 15.(2)
(a) the provision and maintenance of plant and systems
of work that are, so far as is practicable, safe and
without risks to health;
(b) the making of arrangements for ensuring, so far as is
practicable, safety and absence of risks to health in
connection with the use or operation, handling,
storage and transport of plant and substances;
(c) the provision of such information, instruction, training
and supervision as is necessary to ensure, so far as
is practicable, the safety and health at work of his
employees;
PART IV General duties of employers and self-
employed persons
Section 15.(2)
(d) so far as is practicable, as regards any place of work
under the control of the employer or self-employed
person, the maintenance of it in a condition that is
safe and without risks to health and the provision
and maintenance of the means of access to and
egress from it that are safe and without such risks;
(e) the provision and maintenance of a working
environment for his employees that is, so far as is
practicable, safe, without risks to health, and
adequate as regards facilities for their welfare at
work.
PART IV General duties of employers and self-
employed persons
Section 15.3.For the purposes of subsections (1) and (2)-
b) The duties of an employers or a self employed person
under subsection (1) and (2 ) extend to such an
independent contractor and the independent self
employed contractor’s employees in relation to matters
over which the employer or self employed person
i) has control
ii)would have had control but for any agreement between
the employer or self employed person and the
independent contractor to the contrary
PART IV General duties of employers and self-
employed persons
Section 16. Duty to formulate safety and
health policy.
Except in such cases as may be prescribed, duty ofevery employer and every self-employed person to
prepare and as often as may be appropriate revise a
written statement of his general policy with respect to
the safety and health at work of his employees and the
organization and arrangements for the time being in
force for carrying out that policy, and to bring thestatement and any revision of it to the notice of all ofhis employees.
PART IV General duties of employers and self-
employed persons
Section 17. General duties of employers and
self-employed persons to persons other than
their employees.
(1) Duty of employer to person other than
their employees
To conduct his undertaking in safe manner,
as far as practicable and to inform about the
risks associated with their undertakings to
person other than their employees who may
be affected are not exposed to risks
PART IV General duties of employers and self-
employed persons
Section 17. General duties of employers and
self-employed persons to persons other than
their employees.
(2) To give person ,not being his employees,
who may be affected by the manner in which he
conduct his undertakings, prescribed
information or such aspects of the manner in
which he conduct his undertakings as might
affect their safety/ health
PART IV General duties of employers and self-
employed persons
Section 18. Duties of an occupier of a place
of work to persons other than his
employees.
Shall take such measures as are practicable to
ensure that the premises , all means of access
thereto and egress there from available for use
by persons using the premises , and any plant
or substance in the premises or provided for use
there, is or are safe and without risks to health
PENALTY FOR OFFENCE (15-18)
FINE : Not exceeding RM 50,000.00
IMPRISONMENT : Not exceeding 2 years
Or
BOTH
PART VI General duties of employees
Section 24. General duties of employees at
work.
(1) It shall be the duty of every employee
while at work-(a) to take reasonable care for the safety and health of
himself and of other persons who may be affected
by his acts or omissions at work;
(b) to co-operate with his employer or any other person
in the discharge of any duty or requirement imposed
on the employer or that other person by this Act or
any regulation made there under;
PART VI General duties of employees
Section 24. General duties of employees at
work.
(1) It shall be the duty of every employee
while at work-(c) to wear or use at all times any protective equipment
or clothing provided by the employer for the purpose
of preventing risks to his safety and health; and
(d) to comply with any instruction or measure on
occupational safety and health instituted by his
employer or any other person by or under this Act or
any regulation made there under.;
PART VI General duties of employees
Section 24. General duties of employees at
work.
(2) A person who contravenes the provisions of
this section shall be guilty of an offence and
shall, on conviction, be liable to a fine not
exceeding one thousand ringgit or to
imprisonment for a term not exceeding three
months or to both
PART VI General duties of employees
Section 25. Duty not to interfere with or
misuse things provided pursuant to certain
provisions.
A person who intentionally, recklessly or negligently
interferes with or misuses anything provided or done in
the interests of safety, health and welfare in pursuance
of this Act shall be guilty of an offence and shall, on
conviction, be liable to a fine not exceeding twentythousand ringgit or to imprisonment for a term notexceeding two years or to both.
PART VI General duties of employees
Section 26 – Duty not to charge employees
for things done or provided
No employer shall levy or permit to be levied on
any employee of his any charge in respect of
anything done or provided in pursuance of this
Act or regulation made thereafter
PART VI General duties of employees
Section 27 – Discrimination against
employee
(3) An employer who, or a trade union which,
contravenes the provisions of this section shall
be guilty of an offence and shall, on conviction,
be liable to a fine not exceeding ten thousand
ringgit or to a term of imprisonment not
exceeding one year or to both.
PART VII Safety and Health Organization
Section 29 – Safety and Health Officer
1) This section apply to classes as in Gazette
2) An occupier of a workplace to which the
section applies should employed a
competent person to act as SHO
3) The function of SHO is to ensure compliance
with the Act and regulations and promote
safe conduct of work at the place of work
4) The SHO should be trained and qualified
5) Penalty to occupier for this section – fine
max RM5K or imprisonment max 6 months
or both
PART VII Safety and Health OrganizationSection 30 – Safety and Health Committee
1) Every employer should establish a safety
and health committee if
1) Employed forty or more workers
2) Instruction by The Director General of
DOSH
2) Composition, appointment and power of
committee should be prescribed
3) Employer should consult the committee any
matter relating to OSH
4) Penalty – fine max RM5K or imprisonment
max 6 months or both
DUTIES OF EVERYONE
The Act places duties on employers, self-employed
people and employees to ensure that their work activities
do not harm themselves or other people.
For forest operations, other people
include visitors, people passing the operation, and the
general public who may be in the vicinity
of an operation.
Any person in control of a place of work (e.g. a principal,
contractor or subcontractor) shall
attempt to ensure that people there (or close by) are not
harmed by any hazard resulting from
work activities.
REGULATIONS UNDER OSHA 1994
1. Occupational Safety and Health (Notification of Accident, Dangerous
Occurrence, Occupational Poisoning and Occupational Disease) Regulations
2004
2. Occupational Safety and Health (Use and Standards of Exposure of
Chemicals Hazardous to Health) Regulations 2000
3. Occupational Safety and Health (Safety and Health Officer) Regulations 1997
4. Occupational Safety and Health (Classification, Packaging and Labelling of
Hazardous' Chemicals) Regulations 1997
5. Occupational Safety and Health (Safety and Health Committee) Regulations
1996
6. Occupational Safety and Health (Control of Industrial Major Accident
Hazards) Regulations 1996
7. Occupational Safety and Health (Employers' Safety and Health General Policy
Statements) (Exception) Regulations 1995
FMA 1967 OSHA 1994 Scope Only cover OSH in the
manufacturing, mining, quarrying, works of engineering and construction Cover 24 % of the man power
Cover all economic activities & government except armed forces & seafarers Cover 90% of the man power
Approach - Prescriptive - Too dependent on
government - Concern for inspection by
regulation authorities
- self regulation - supported by code of
practices, guidelines etc - tripartite responsibilities - worker cooperation &
participation
Objective
- focus on control of factories & machinery
- registration & inspection of machines
- less provision for health
- to safeguard, health & welfare of employees & those at the place of work for example visitors, contractors etc