module - 2 introduction to virtualization

2012 VMware Inc. All rights reserved

Introduction to Virtualization

Module 2

2-2


VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage Revision A

Course Introduction


Creating Virtual Machines

VMware vCenter Server

Configuring and Managing Virtual Networks

Configuring and Managing vSphere Storage

Virtual Machine Management

Data Protection

Access and Authentication Control

Resource Management and Monitoring

High Availability and Fault Tolerance

Host Scalability

Patch Management

Installing VMware vSphere Components

You Are Here

2-3



VMware vSphere software suite is based on many components with

which a vSphere administrator should be familiar.

This module describes the basic concept of virtualization and

introduces VMware vSphere ESXi and the virtual machine.

This module discusses the fundamental vSphere components and

how vSphere can be used in your datacenter.

Importance

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Lesson 1: Introduction to Virtualization

Lesson 2: vSphere User Interfaces

Lesson 3: Overview of ESXi

Module Lessons

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Lesson 1:


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After this lesson, you should be able to do the following:

Compare and contrast physical and virtual architectures. Define a virtual machine. Describe the benefits of using virtual machines. Describe how the vSphere interacts with CPUs, memory, networks, and

disks.

Describe ESXi architecture. Describe how vSphere fits into the cloud.

Learner Objectives

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Different vSphere Editions

* Includes previous tier features vSphere Optimize

and Scale

vSphere Enterprise

Plus*

vSphere Install Configure Manage

vSphere Standard

vSphere Enterprise*

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Physical Infrastructure

Fibre Channel

storage

Fibre

Channel Ethernet

NFS

storage

iSCSI

storage Network

applications

operating system

physical host

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Virtual Infrastructure

hypervisor

ESXi host

Fibre

Channel

Fibre Channel

storage

Ethernet

NFS

storage

iSCSI

storage

network

virtual

machines

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Physical and Virtual Architecture

virtual architecture

x86 architecture

vSphere

physical architecture

x86 architecture

operating system

application

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vSphere and the Software Defined Datacenter

vSphere

Pooled Storage

Pooled Computing

Pooled Networking and Security

Automation

The Software Defined Datacenter

Virtual Datacenter 2

Datacenter Services

Virtual Datacenter 1

Datacenter Services

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Why Use Virtual Machines?

Easy to relocate:

Encapsulated into files

Independent of physical hardware

Easy to manage:

Isolated from other virtual machines

Insulated from hardware changes

Provides the ability to support

legacy applications

Allows servers to be consolidated

Virtual machine Physical machine

Difficult to relocate:

Moves require downtime

Specific to physical Hardware

Difficult to manage:

Requires physical maintenance

Hardware failures cause downtime

Hardware has limitations:

Hardware changes limit application support

Servers are physically individual

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Resource Sharing

vSphere

x86

architecture

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x86 architecture

operating system

application

CPU Virtualization


x86 architecture

vSphere


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Physical and Virtualized Host Memory Usage

physical architecture virtual architecture

x86 architecture

operating system

x86 architecture

vSphere

application

1GB 2GB 8GB

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Physical and Virtual Networking


vSphere


x86 architecture

operating system

application

virtual switch

x86 architecture

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Physical File Systems and VMware vSphere VMFS

physical architecture virtual architecture

x86 architecture

operating system

application

x86 architecture

vSphere

x86 architecture

vSphere

NTFS, ext3, UFS VMFS

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Encapsulation

VM 1

VM 2

VM 3

Datastore (VMware

vSphere VMFS or NFS)

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VMFS

Linux/UNIX

Windows

File-System Layouts

C: D: E:

/

usr etc opt

/

vmfs

Local

VM 1

VM 2

VM 3

VM 4

SAN

volumes

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hybrid

cloud

Installing vSphere 5 creates a virtual infrastructure.

Your virtual machines run in this virtual

infrastructure.

VMware vCloud Director enables you to create a

cloud.

Third-party providers can host public or private clouds.

VMware clouds empower you to run your virtual

machines in a private,

public, or hybrid cloud to fit

your business needs.

How vSphere Fits into Cloud Computing

private

cloud

public

cloud

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Individual departments or internal corporate organizations (divisions) are able to deploy and manage IT infrastructure through virtual systems as needed.

IT capabilities are provided as a service, over an intranet, within the enterprise, and behind the firewall.

What Is a Private Cloud?

Gizmo

division

Widget

division

Human

Resources

Sales

enterprise private cloud

Internet Advantages

Self-service provisioning Elasticity of resources Rapid and simplified

provisioning

Secured multitenancy Improved use of IT

resources

Better control of IT budgets

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Advantages

A cloud service provider hosts general IT operations for multiple businesses.

IT resources are provided as a service over the Internet. A public cloud is similar to a utility or an Internet service provider.

What Is a Public Cloud?

company

A

company

B

cloud service provider

company

C

Public clouds have all of the advantages of a private cloud:

Customer management of IT Rapid and flexible deployments Efficient and cost-effective

deployments

Secure IT assets Customer companies no longer have

IT as an ongoing overhead expense.

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Some cloud-based assets are accessible internally over an intranet. Some cloud-based assets are accessible externally over the Internet. Companies first move applications and data to their private cloud. Companies can reap additional cost savings by moving to an externally

accessible cloud.

Applications are transitioned by using software that meets open standards.

What Is a Hybrid Cloud?

App

Loads App

Loads

App

Loads

Hybrid

Cloud

Private

Clouds

Public

Clouds

Bridge Management Management

vSphere vSphere

2-24



You should be able to do the following:

Compare and contrast physical and virtual architectures. Define a virtual machine. Describe the benefits of using virtual machines. Describe how the vSphere interacts with CPUs, memory, networks, and

disks.

Describe ESXi architecture. Describe how vSphere fits into the cloud.

Review of Learner Objectives

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Lesson 2:

vSphere User Interfaces

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Download and install the VMware vSphere Client. Use the vSphere Client remotely connect to an ESXi host. View or configure ESXi settings:

Processor and memory configuration ESXi system logs Licensed features

Use the VMware vSphere Web Client. Manage ESXi from the command prompt.

Learner Objectives

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User Interfaces

vSphere Client

Web Client

ESXi

host

your

desktop

vCenter

Server

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ijazTypewriterhttps://172.17.17.50:9443/vsphere-client/#

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ijazTypewriterROOT+LDAP AUTH

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vSphere Client is an interface

used to connect remotely to

VMware vCenter Server or

an ESXi host from a Windows

system.

To download the vSphere

Client:

Use the VMware Infrastructure Management

Installer.

Download the client from the vCenter Server system or an

ESXi host.

Internet access is required.

Downloading vSphere Client

Download the vSphere

Client to a supported

Windows system.

Point to the vCenter

Server or ESXi host.

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On the vSphere Client

login screen, enter the

following:

Host name or IP address of ESXi host

or vCenter Server

User name

Password for that user

(Optional) Use your

Windows session

credentials.

Using the vSphere Client

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vSphere Client: Configuration Tab

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Viewing Processor and Memory Configuration

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Use vSphere Client to view logs.

Viewing ESXi System Logs

Export system

logs to an archive

file:

Send to VMware Support.

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Viewing Licensed Features

Before purchasing

licenses, you can install

ESXi in evaluation mode:

Intended for demonstration and evaluation purposes

Allows software to be completely operational immediately after installation

Does not require any licensing configuration

Provides full functionality for 60 days

2-34



Installer located on ISO image

Install locally to vCenter Server or to remote systems

Remote installations are recommended when possible

vSphere Web Client

https://

:9443/vsphere-client/

Install Client Integration

plug-in for console access

vSphere Web Client is included with vCenter Server Appliance

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vSphere Web Client Architecture

vSphere Web

Client runs within

a browser

Application

Server that

provides a scalable

backend

VMware vCenter

Server in either

single or Linked

mode operation

The Inventory

Service obtains

optimized data live

from the core

vCenter Server

process

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vSphere Web Client Plug-in Packages

Plug-ins are now server based:

Re-created in FLEX

HTML plug-ins (temporary workaround)

VMware plug-ins:

VMware vSphere Update Manager

VMware vCenter Site Recovery Manager (SRM)

VMware vShield Manager

All VMware solutions will integrate as they are updated.

Third party plug-ins:

EMC, NetApp, HP, Dell, and others

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vSphere Web Client: Object Navigator

Breaks the traditional hierarchy view of an object:

Objects linked and displayed by relationships The Home screen retains its original

appearance

Allows an administrator to view objects by solutions

Enables administrators to jump to crucial elements faster through relationships and

object search

Reduces client clutter and repetitive information by simplifying display of objects

Displayed objects are all that is communicated between server and browser

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To perform management tasks from a remote command prompt, use:

VMware vSphere Command-Line Interface (vCLI): Set of commands run from a remote Linux or Windows system and

executed on an ESXi host

Packaged as an application VMware vSphere Management Assistant (vMA):

Platform for running a variety of toolkits: - vCLI - VMware vSphere SDK for Perl - VMware vSphere API

Packaged as a virtual appliance based on Linux VMware vSphere PowerCLI:

Automation tool for administering a vSphere environment Distributed as a snap-in to Windows PowerShell

Managing ESXi from the Command Prompt

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In this lab, you will install student desktop components.

1. Access your student desktop system.

2. Install the vSphere Client.

Lab 1

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Download and install the VMware vSphere Client. Use the vSphere Client remotely connect to an ESXi host. View or configure ESXi settings:

Processor and memory configuration ESXi system logs Licensed Features

Use the VMware vSphere Web Client. Manage ESXi from the command prompt.


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Lesson 3:

Overview of ESXi

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Describe ESXi architecture. Use the vSphere Client to access an ESXi host. View ESXi settings:

Processor and memory configuration Licensing NTP client DNS and routing Security profile

Identify user account best practices.

Learner Objectives

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ESXi:

Is available for purchase with vSphere 5 or a free version can be downloaded

Has high-security Memory hardening Kernel module integrity Trusted platform module

Has a small disk footprint Can be installed on hard disks, SAN LUNs, USB devices, SD cards, or

directly into memory

VMware ESXi

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ESXi Architecture

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The direct console user interface (DCUI) is similar to the BIOS of a

computer with a keyboard-only user interface.

Configuring ESXi

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The DCUI allows an administrator to do the following:

Set a root password (complex passwords only). Enable or disable lockdown mode:

Limits host management to vCenter Server and user root access to DCUI only

Configuring ESXi: root Access

2-47



The DCUI allows you to modify network settings:

Host name IP configuration (IP address, subnet mask, default gateway) DNS servers

Configuring ESXi: Management Network

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The DCUI allows an administrator to do the following:

Configure keyboard layout. View support information. View system logs. Enable troubleshooting services, when required.

Configuring ESXi: Other Settings

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Network Time Protocol (NTP) is a

client-server protocol used to

synchronize a computers clock to a

time reference.

NTP is important:

For accurate performance graphs For accurate time stamps in log

messages

So that virtual machines have a source to synchronize with

An ESXi host can be configured as an NTP client.

It can synchronize time with an NTP server on the Internet or your corporate NTP server.

ESXi as an NTP Client

NTP

server

NTP

client

NTP

server

NTP

server

ESXi host

NTP client uses

UDP over port 123

to communicate

with NTP server.

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The DNS and

Routing link

enables you to

change these

settings:

Host name and domain

DNS server addresses and search domains

Default VMkernel gateway

Network Settings: DNS and Routing

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On ESXi hosts:

Remote clients are prevented from accessing services on the host. Local clients are prevented from accessing services on remote hosts. Unless configured otherwise, daemons will start and stop with the ESXi

host:

For example, DCUI or NTP server

Remote Access Settings: Security Profile

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You should implement the following user account best practices:

Strictly control root privileges to the ESXi host. Use the vSphere Client to manage the ESXi host. Ideally, use vCenter Server and thus vCenter Server user accounts

to manage hosts.

ESXi User Account Best Practices

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In this lab, you will configure an ESXi host.

1. Connect to an ESXi host with the vSphere Client.

2. View the host hardware configuration.

3. Configure the DNS and routing information for an ESXi host.

4. Configure an ESXi host as an NTP client.

5. Configure an ESXi host to use the directory services.

Lab 2

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Describe ESXi architecture. Use the vSphere Client to access an ESXi host. View ESXi settings:

Processor and memory configuration Licensing NTP client DNS and routing Security profile

Identify user account best practices.


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Using virtual machines solves many datacenter problems. Virtual machines are hardware independent. Virtual machines share the physical resources of the ESXi host on

which they reside.

A virtual machine is a set of files that are easy to transfer and back up. Virtual machine files are encapsulated into a folder and placed on a

datastore.

ESXi runs directly on the host. vSphere abstracts CPU, memory, storage, and networking for virtual

machine use.

Questions?

Key Points

module - 2 introduction to virtualization

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