module 18 information processing exploring in modules, module 18
TRANSCRIPT
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Module 18Information Processing
Exploring in Modules, Module 18
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Exploring in Modules, Module 18
The Phenomenon of Memory
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Penny memories
Exploring in Modules, Module 18
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Exploring in Modules, Module 18
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Exploring in Modules, Module 18
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Information Processing
Exploring in Modules, Module 18
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Exploring in Modules, Module 18
Atkinson-Shiffrin’s Three Stage Processing Model of Memory
Sensory – Short term (working memory RAM) – Long term
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Encoding: Getting Information In
Exploring in Modules, Module 18
Automatic ProcessingEffortful Processing
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Exploring in Modules, Module 18
Automatic vs. Effortful Processing
Rehearsal
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Rehearsal Issues
Exploring in Modules, Module 18
Next-in-line-effect – poorest memories of those just in-front of us.
Spacing effect – best for retention is to spread rehearsal out.
Serial position effect – Best memories for first and last items on a list.
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Exploring in Modules, Module 18
Ebbinghaus’ Retention Curve
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Exploring in Modules, Module 18
The Serial Position Effect
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Encoding Strategies: Improving memory performance
Exploring in Modules, Module 18
Encoding Meaning (semantic encoding) – meaning is remembered not so much the exact words
Encoding Imagery: i.e. mnemonic devices and story telling
Organizing Information for EncodingChunkingHierarchies
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Exploring in Modules, Module 18
Effects of Chunking on Memory
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Exploring in Modules, Module 18
Example of Chunking--For Those Who Read Chinese
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Exploring in Modules, Module 18
Organization Benefits Memory
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Storage: Retaining Information
Exploring in Modules, Module 18
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Sensory MemoryIconic memory – fleeting photographic
memory.Echoic memory – fleeting sound memory.
“What’d you just say?”
Exploring in Modules, Module 18
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Exploring in Modules, Module 18
Momentary Photographic Memory
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Short-Term MemoryWithout active processing it has limited life
span (duration).7 give or take 2 (capacity)
Exploring in Modules, Module 18
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Exploring in Modules, Module 18
Short-Term Memory Decay
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Long-Term MemoryLimitless
Exploring in Modules, Module 18
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Storing Memories in the Brain
Exploring in Modules, Module 18
Synaptic Changes
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Exploring in Modules, Module 18
Doubled Receptor Sites
Long-term potentiation (LTP)
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Stress Hormones and Memory
Stress hormones – more glucose in blood stream results in more fuel for brain activity.
Attach emotion to event.
Exploring in Modules, Module 18
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Exploring in Modules, Module 18
Memory Subsystems
Amnesic patients still have nondeclarative memory means thatmemory is not a unified system.
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Exploring in Modules, Module 18
The Hippocampus
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Retrieval: Getting Information Out
Exploring in Modules, Module 18
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Retrieval Cues
Exploring in Modules, Module 18
Context Effects – deja vus.Moods and Memories – mood congruent
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Exploring in Modules, Module 18
Priming--Awakening Associations
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Exploring in Modules, Module 18
The Effects of Context on Memory
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Exploring in Modules, Module 18
Improving Memory