Module 12: Routing Fundamentals

Module 12: Routing Fundamentals

• Routing Overview

• Configuring Routing and Remote Access as a Router

• Quality of Service

Lesson 1: Routing Overview

• What Are Static and Dynamic Routing?

• How the IP Protocol Selects a Route

• Demonstration: Viewing a Routing Table

• Discussion: Troubleshooting Tools for Routing

What Are Static and Dynamic Routing?

Statically configured routers:

• Do not automatically discover the IDs of remote networks

• Do not exchange information with other routers

• Are not fault-tolerant

Dynamically configured routers:

• Discover the IDs of remote networks automatically

• Use a routing protocol to exchange information with other routers

• Can be fault-tolerant

How the IP Protocol Selects a Route

IP creates packetIP creates packetSearches routing

table for destination address

Searches routing table for destination

address

Locates host address matching destination address?

Transmits packet to the designated

gateway

Transmits packet to the designated

gateway

Transmits packet to the designated

gateway

Transmits packet to the designated

gateway

Generates an error message

Generates an error message

Transmits packet to the designated

gateway

Transmits packet to the designated

gateway

NoYes

Yes

YesNo

No

Locates a defaultgateway address? ?

?

Locates network addressmatching destination address?

?

Demonstration: Viewing a Routing Table

In this demonstration, you will see how to view a routing table

Discussion: Troubleshooting Tools for Routing

What are some tools that can be used to troubleshoot routing?

Lesson 2: Configuring Routing and Remote Access as a Router

• Routing and Remote Access Routing Roles

• Routing Protocols

• Configuration Options for an Interface

• Information Available for an Interface

• Demonstration: Configuring RRAS as a LAN Router

Routing and Remote Access Routing Roles

Routing roles include the following:

Routing role Description

LAN router Can route IPv4 and IPv6 packets between network segments

Demand-dialAutomatically create a connection to a remote location by using dial-up networking or a VPN connection

NATPerform NAT and allow computers to access the Internet by sharing a single Internet addressable IPv4 address

Routing Protocols

Routing protocols include the following:

Routing Protocol Description

DHCP Relay AgentAllows a Routing and Remote Access server to relay DHCP requests to a DHCP server on a remote network.

IGMP Router Proxy

Allows a Routing and Remote Access server to act as an IGMP router or proxy for multicast traffic

NATAllows a Routing and Remote Access server to act as a NAT router to share a single IPv4 address.

RIP Version 2 for Internet Protocol

Allows a Routing and Remote Access router to perform dynamic routing with other RIP routers.

DHCPv6 Relay Agent

Allows a Routing and Remote Access server to relay DHCP request to a DHCPv6 server on a remote network.

Configuration Options for an Interface

Interface configuration options include the following:

Configuration Option Description

IP Router Manager Enables or disables TCP/IP for the Interface

Router Discovery Advertisements

Clients use router discovery advertisements to dynamically discover default gateways

Inbound/Outbound filters Filters similar to Windows Firewall

Fragmentation checking

Specifies whether filtering is performed on packet fragments

Multicast boundaries Configures Time to Live for multicast traffic

Multicast heartbeat detection

Used to confirm that multicast infrastructure is functioning properly

Information Available for an Interface

Available interface information includes the following:

Interface information Description

TCP/IP Information Statistics such as number of packets sent and received

Address Translations Translations from IP address to physical address

IP Addresses IP addresses that are bound to this computer

IP Routing Table Host and network routes in the routing table of this computer

TCP connections Active connections and listening TCP ports

UDP listener ports A list of UDP ports listening to accept UDP packets

Demonstration: Configuring RRAS as a LAN Router

In this demonstration, you will see how to configure Routing and Remote Access as a LAN router

Lesson 3: Quality of Service

• What Is Quality of Service?

• What Is a QoS Policy?

• Discussion: QoS Scenarios

• Architecture of Policy-based QoS

• Demonstration: Creating a QoS Policy

What Is Quality of Service?

Quality of Service (QoS):

• Prioritizes network traffic for network routing by adding a DSCP value

• Uses throttling to limit bandwidth usage on a host

Can be based on:

• Sending application

• Source or destination IPv4 or IPv6 addresses

• Protocol (TCP or UDP)

• Source or destination ports

What Is a QoS Policy?

A QoS policy:

• Is defined as part of a Group Policy

• Can be applied to users or computers

• Can include specific IPv4 or IPv6 addresses or networks to apply to

• Lets you define a DSCP value for network traffic

• Lets you define a throttle rate for network traffic

Discussion: QoS Scenarios

What are some scenarios where DSCP values and bandwidth throttling can be used?

Architecture of Policy-based QoS

Demonstration: Creating a QoS Policy

In this demonstration, you will see how to create a QoS Policy

Lab: Configuring Routing

• Exercise 1: Configuring a LAN Router

• Exercise 2: Implementing RIPv2

• Exercise 3: Configuring a Demand-dial Router

• Exercise 4: Configuring QoS

Logon information

Virtual machine NYC-DC1, NYC-RAS, NYC-SVR1

User name Administrator

Password Pa$$w0rd

Estimated time: 60 minutes

Lab Review

• What effect does the option -4 have when using the route print command?

• How is a demand-dial connection triggered?

Module Review and Takeaways

• Review Questions

• Common Issues and Troubleshooting Tips

• Real-world Issues and Scenarios

• Tools