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BIO 111 (Mader 11th Edition Textbook)

Chapter 1 “Study Guide”

• What is the definition of “Biology?”

• List and describe the 11 levels of biological organization.

• In my lecture I tell you that ALL living things can perform the “3

R’s” (Respire, Respond and Reproduce). Your textbook expandsand gives us 5 properties…list and describe those 5 properties.

• List the 8 levels of taxonomic classification

• List and describe the 3 domains in taxonomy.

• List and describe the 6 kingdoms in taxonomy.

• Define “natural selection.”

• How does the flow of energy differ from the flow of nutrients

(chemicals) in an ecosystem?

• One of the reasons you are taking this class (aside from

“because its required”) is to help you understand your place andinfluence in our living world (the biosphere). The study of 

Biodiversity is key to your understanding. Define biodiversity anddiscuss why it is so important to recognize/understand.

• List and describe the steps for the scientific method.

o What is the difference between a variable and a control?

o What is the difference between a scientific theory and a

scientific law?

Chapter 2 “Study Guide”

• Define these basic chemical terms:

o Matter

o Elements

o Atoms

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BIO 111 (Mader 11th Edition Textbook)

o Protons

o Neutrons

o Electrons

o Electron Shell

o Atomic Symbol

o Atomic numbero Atomic mass (or “mass number”)

• Define the term “isotope” and discuss some different ways

isotopes are used in science and medicine.

• Ultimately it is the presence (or absence) of electrons thatdictates if and how one atom will react with another. Discuss theoctet rule and valence shells as they apply to chemical bonding.

• How do ionic bonds differ from covalent bonds?

• What is the difference between a polar and a nonpolar covalentbond?

• Describe hydrogen bonds.

• If I ask you “why is water so important to life?” and you answer

with “because you can’t live without it,” you will be wrong. Ourtextbook gives 5 clear reasons why water is so important to lifeas we know it. List and describe those five properties.

• Describe the pH scale.

• How do acids differ from bases?

• Define “buffer” and give an example of a buffer system found in

biology.

• How can changes in pH impact ecosystems and people?

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BIO 111 (Mader 11th Edition Textbook)

Chapter 3 “Study Guide”

• What does CHNOPS have to do with biology and life?

• Describe the functions/uses/types of organic molecules listed

here (We do not memorize molecular structures in this generalbiology class. You will get enough of that if you take organicchemistry classes).

o Carbohydrates

Monosaccharides

• Glucose

• Ribose

• Deoxyribose

Disaccharides

Polysaccharides

• Glycogen

• Starch

• Cellulose

• Peptidoglycan

• Chitin

o Lipids

Sterioids Phospholipids

Fats

Oils

Waxes

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BIO 111 (Mader 11th Edition Textbook)

o Proteins

Enzymes

o Nucleic Acids

DNA RNA

ATP

• What’s the difference between amino acids, polypeptide chainsand proteins?

• Describe the importance of “structure” to a protein molecule.

•Define “denature” and discuss what can cause a protein todenature and what the implications could be.

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