Module 1: Introduction to Animal Emergency Management forVeterinary Professionals

Module 2: Bio-Defense and Zoonoses

Module 1: Introduction to Animal Emergency Management for Veterinary Professionals

To provide an overview of the knowledge, skills and abilities that enable veterinary professionals to effectively participate in the Colorado Veterinary Medical Reserve Corps and local animal emergency response programs.

Objective:

Target Audience

Veterinarians Certified Veterinary Technicians Students

Veterinary medical Veterinary technology

Support staff Veterinary assistants Hospital administrators/managers Animal professionals

COVMRC Training Program

FEMA IS 100 and IS 700 Unit 1: Overview of animal emergency

management for veterinary professionals Unit 2: Bio-defense and biological risk

management Unit 3: Overview of CBRNE hazards for

veterinary professionals Unit 4: Personal preparedness and business

contingency planning

Under What Authority Does CO VMRC Operate?

Homeland Security Presidential Directive 9 Designates agriculture and food systems as

critical infrastructures Directs federal agencies to take specific steps

to protect food and agricultural systems

Pet Evacuation and Transportation Act of 2006-signed into law October 2006 (PETS Act) Stafford Act amendment

Requires state and local plans for household pets and service animals

Allows FEMA cost-sharing for services in support of people with household pets and service animals

Allows FEMA director to make contributions for preparedness

Animal Populations (Mission Areas) Companion animals Production livestock and poultry Backyard livestock and poultry Service/assistance animals Law enforcement/search and

rescue animals Laboratory animals Captive wildlife Native wildlife

What are the animal and agricultural concerns in disasters?1. Public safety

2. Public and animal health

3. Agro-security

4. Animal welfare

5. Service/police animals

6. Wildlife/environment

Public Safety Impacts People will risk their lives to protect animals

Can put themselves and responders at risk Redeployment of law enforcement resources This is not just a companion animal issue

Operation Pet Rescue: 1996 Weyauwega, Wisconsin

Public Health and Zoonosis

Public health and animal health issues intersect broadly

Veterinary professionals are essential in addressing zoonotic disease issues during disasters

A zoonosis is any infectious disease that can be transmitted from non-human animals, both wild and domestic, to humans or from humans to non-human animals.

Examples of Zoonotic Diseases Rabies West Nile Virus H1N1 Anthrax Brucellosis Tuberculosis Rabies Giardia Salmonella Influenza Plague Q Fever Gram positive bipolar-staining

organisms of Yersinia pestis

Priority Biological Agents Category A Diseases

Easily transmitted to people, with high morbidity and mortality rates.

Anthrax (Bacillus anthracis) Botulism (Clostridium botulinum)* Plague (Yersinia pestis) Smallpox (Variola major)* Tularemia (Francisella tularensis) Viral hemorrhagic fevers ( Lassa fever, Hantavirus, Rift

Valley fever, Dengue,Ebola, Marburg viruses)

Category B Diseases

Transmitted to people with moderate morbidity and low mortality rates.

Melioidosis (Burkholderia pseudomallei) Brucellosis (Brucella species) Q Fever (Coxiella burnetii) Glanders (Burkholderia mallei) Typhus fever (Rickettsia prowazekii) Toxins Staphylococcal, Clostridial, Ricin Food and water-borne pathogens

Category C Diseases

Emerging and exotic infectious disease threats

Nipah virus Hanta Virus Tick-borne hemorrhagic fever virus Tick-borne encephalitis virus Yellow fever Influenza virus (H5N1, H1N1) Rabies virus Tuberculosis (multi drug resistant strains)

Animal Agriculture as a Critical Infrastructure• Basic necessities:

• Food/water• Shelter• Warmth

• Food supply systems• Vulnerable at multiple points• Critical “farm to fork” food pipeline

• Economic impacts• Non-economic impacts

United States Agricultural Economy US tops world in food

production World’s largest exporter of

agricultural products Animal agriculture >$100 billion Crop agriculture >$100 billion 17% of jobs connected to

food/agriculture 13% of gross domestic product <<10% of income goes to buy

food

Service Animals Seeing-eye dogs Hearing assistance Hospital visits Mobility assistance Medical warning

Seizures Medical detection

Mental health therapy

Law Enforcement and Emergency Response Animals

Canine Enforcement/patrol Drug and explosive detection Search and rescue

Equine Patrol/search Crowd control

Captive/Concentrated Animal Populations

laboratory animals zoos, sanctuaries,

wildlife parks commercial

breeding/pet retail kennels/veterinary

hospitals

Native Wildlife Impacts on critical environments or endangered

species Impacts of animal diseases

Brucellosis (Yellowstone)

Foot and Mouth Disease

West Nile Virus H1N1 (Swine Flu)

Animals in the State of Colorado

Colorado (2002 estimate) 4.5+ million people 1.82 million households Up to 60% of households with pets 2.5 animals per household 2.7+ million dogs, cats, and birds Add rabbits, rodents, ferrets, reptiles, etc.

Colorado Horses and Other Livestock Species

Horses: 145,000-225,000+ All Cattle: 2,400,000

Mature dairy cows: 98,000 Mature beef cows: 710,000

Sheep & goats: 420,000+ Poultry: <20,000,000 (variable) Swine: 770,000 Captive deer, elk, bison Llamas, alpacas Emu, ostrich

QUESTION 1

Definitions

Hazards Threats of all types

Vulnerability People, property of systems that are subject to

hazards Consequence

Degree of potential impact Risk

Overall sum of hazard, vulnerability, and consequence

Colorado Weather Hazards

Tornado Blizzard Ice storms Hail Wind Lightning Mudslide Avalanche Floods Drought (wildfire)

Geological Hazards Earthquake

Trinidad area 2001, series with largest at 4.6

Rocky Mountain National Park November 7, 1882 Estimated near 6.2 Richter

Latest estimates max impact= $24 billion damages, 800 fatalities

Volcanic eruption Mount Saint Helens

Tsunami (Pacific coastal)

Wildfire

Natural, Accidental, Intentional Low to high impact Usually April-October

Risk magnified by large wilderness-urban interface areas

2002 Colorado wildfire season Wildfires are a threat every year

Animal Welfare Emergencies

Animal “hoarders” and large-scale cruelty Dozens or even hundreds of animals kept under

terrible conditions May exceed local capacity to provide care

Other Hazards

Accidental Hazardous Chemical spills/releases Nuclear/radiological hazards Infrastructure failure

Power blackouts, dams, bridges, buildings Accidental explosions

Transportation accidents Major urban fires

Intentional Threats

CBRNE: Chemical Biological

People, animals, crops Radiological Nuclear Explosive

Extortion, hoaxes and fraud Market manipulation

Animal Emergency Management Systems

Emergency Management Priorities

1. Protection of human life/health

2. Protection of property

3. Protection of the environmentFor many

people, animals are the top

property priority

Providing animal emergency management services allows all of these priorities to be achieved

All-Hazards Emergency Management

Flexible to adapt to all emergency situations

Standardized to improve overall response and interoperability.

QUESTION 2

National Incident Management System

www.fema.gov/nims

Homeland Security Presidential Directive – 5

Directed the development of a National Incident Management System and a new National Response Framework

National Incident Management System“…a consistent nationwide approach for

federal, state, tribal, and local governments to work effectively and efficiently together to prepare for, prevent, respond to, and recover from domestic incidents, regardless of cause, size, or complexity.”

National Response Framework

The National Response Framework is built on the template of the National Incident Management System. It provides the structure and mechanisms for coordinating federal support to state, local and tribal incident managers … and for exercising direct federal authorities and responsibilities.

NIMS• Aligns command, control, organization

structure, terminology, communication protocols and resources/resource-typing

• Used for all events

Knowledge

Abilities

Resources

LocalResponse

StateResponse or Support

FederalResponse or Support

Incident

LocalResponse

StateResponse or Support

FederalResponse or Support

Incident

NRF• Integrates and applies federal resources,

knowledge, and abilities before, during and after incidents

• Activated for Incidents of National Significance

Components of NIMS

1. Command and Management

2. Preparedness

3. Resource Management

4. Communications and Information Management

5. Supporting Technologies

6. Ongoing Management and Maintenance

Incident Commander

Safety OfficerLiaison Officer Information Officer

OperationsSection

LogisticsSection

FinanceSection

PlanningSection

Basic ICS Command Structure

IS-100 Incident Command Systemshttp://training.fema.gov/IS/crslist.asp

Statutory AuthorityLegal Authority is basis for incident command

Local animal authorities Law enforcement

Animal control Public health Emergency management

State animal authorities State veterinarian Public health Emergency management Wildlife agencies Public safety

Federal animal authorities USDA: livestock diseases HHS: public health impacts DHS: emergency management DOJ: Terrorism

Colorado’s 9 Homeland Security Regions

Multi-Agency Coordination: National Response Plan Emergency Support Functions (ESF)

ESF1: TransportationESF2: CommunicationsESF3: Public works and engineeringESF4: FirefightingESF5: Emergency managementESF6: Mass care, housing, and human servicesESF7: Resource supportESF8: Public health and medical servicesESF9: Urban search and rescueESF10: Oil and hazardous materials responseESF11: Agriculture and natural resourcesESF12: EnergyESF13: Public safety and securityESF14: Long term community recovery and mitigationESF15: External affairs

GeneralPublic

Animal/Agricultural Emergency Issues

CommercialAgricultural Production

PublicHealth

Food Processing

& Distribution

Veterinary Medicine

Research EducationLaboratory

Regulatory Agencies

AnimalWelfareEntities

EmergencyManagement

Agencies

Wildlife Agencies

Law Enforcement &

Counterterrorism

ElectedOfficials

Support IndustriesMedia

VoluntaryOrganizations Transportation

Public Works

Foundations

State Multi-Agency Coordination

Response Originates on the Local Level

Multi-agency coordination Plan development Interoperable

communications Resource development

Equipment & supplies Training

Professionals Volunteers Credentialing

Citizen preparedness

Local Multi-Agency Coordination Local Emergency Managers Animal care and Control agencies Law Enforcement Brand Inspectors Veterinary Community CSU Extension Animal Related industry Fairgrounds Livestock Associations Kennels and pet Service Providers Livestock Producers Pet Breed Rescue and Associations Community Public Health Fire and EMS County Mapping Wildlife Agencies and Zoos Concerned Individuals

QUESTION 3

Local Planning Matrix for Animal Issues

Table of functions vs. community resources

Combine with risk assessment

Basis for building a written response plan

L L S S S

S L S

S S S S L

U L S

S S

Eva

cuat

ion

She

lterin

g

Vet

erin

ary

Car

e

Dis

posa

l

Res

cue

Animal control

Animal shelter

Veterinary Prof.

CSU Extension

Livestock Assn.

lead (L) unified lead (U) support (S)

Veterinary Specific Roles Triage Veterinary clinical care

Field care Hospital care Mass casualty care Euthanasia

Biological risk management Public health/medical support Foreign animal disease support

Animal Disease Mission Tasks Diagnosis Quarantine Surveillance Epidemiology Mortality management Decontamination Permits Bio-security/compliance Outreach/education Mental health issues Repopulation/recovery

Goal is agricultural system continuity

Sheltering Animal safety, security and bio-

security Identification and

recordkeeping Proof of ownership

Shelter situations Permanent +/- expansion Temporary Temporary co-located

Co-shelter with people shelters is preferred

Animal Search and Rescue (ASAR)

NRF will provide: ESF#9 (USAR) lead for

rescuing people with animals

ESF#11 (ASAR) lead for rescue of animals

Need standardized training, typing, credentialing

Mental Health: Animal Issues for Victims General emotional trauma

Helplessness Emotional attachment to animals

Displacement Housing and care concerns

Loss Animals may be missing or

status unknown Death

Human and animal Livestock depopulation impacts

Questions?

BREAK We will take a 10 minute break….

Module 2: Bio-Defense and ZoonosesObjectives:

1. Define terms related to bio-defense2. List basic disease transmission routes3. Give examples of Zoonotic agents4. List examples of high consequence/emerging diseases5. Describe hand hygiene/barrier protection6. Identify basics of cleaning and disinfection7. Identify the components of a biological risk management plan8. Give examples of agricultural bio-security9. List veterinary emergency biologic risk management/infection

control roles 10. Discuss current H1N1 situation

Definitions1. Bio-defense2. Bio-security3. Biological risk management4. Infection Control5. Zoonoses6. Reportable disease 7. Foreign animal disease8. Animal health emergency9. Agro-terrorism10. Agro-security

Bio-Defense, Bio-Security, Biological Risk Management Bio-Defense

Protecting a nation, industry, or facility from high-impact biological threats

Bio-Security Steps taken at a facility or agency to prevent the

introduction, export, or internal spread of disease agents Biological Risk Management (BRM)

Comprehensive evaluation of risks and mitigation actions to minimize biological risks to an acceptable level

Infection Control (IC) Procedures to limit spread of infectious agents Term commonly used in human health care

Bio-Security: Bio-exclusion:

Keeping infectious organisms from entering a facility or population

Bio-containment Keeping infectious

organisms from leaving a facility or population

Bio-Containment

Bio-Exclusion

Zoonotic and Reportable Diseases Reportable Diseases

Foreign animal disease or endemic (native) diseases that must be reported to state or federal authorities.

Zoonotic Diseases Diseases that infect both animals and people

Spread between people and animals Infected by the same vector

A vector is an insect or any living carrier that transmits an infectious agent. Vectors are vehicles by which infections are transmitted from one host to another.

Foreign Animal Diseases (FAD)

Specific animal or Zoonotic diseases that: Are not normally present in the United States Must be reported to state and/or federal authorities Are reportable to the World Health Organization Will impact livestock industries Will impact international trade

Foreign Animal Diseases of Highest Importance to the U.S.Avian Influenza* Exotic Newcastle Disease*

BSE (Mad Cow) Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia

Foot and Mouth Disease* Heartwater

Lumpy Skin Disease Malignant Catarrhal Fever

Rift Valley Fever Rinderpest*

Goat and Sheep Pox Peste de pestis ruminants

African Horse Sickness* Contagious Equine Metritis

Dourine Glanders

African Swine Fever* Classical Swine Fever (Hog Cholera)*

Swine Vesicular Disease Vesicular Exanthema of Swine

Screwworm*

Equine Encephalomyelitis = West Nile Fever, Eastern, Western, & Venezuelan*

* Pose the greatest threat to the U.S.

Animal Health Emergency

The state veterinarian activates the state emergency operations plan concerning animal diseases

Foreign animal disease or a high-impact endemic disease

May be accidental, natural, or intentional

Agro-Terrorism and Agro-Security Agro-Terrorism

A criminal act involving intentional harm to agriculture through a biological, explosive, chemical, radiological, incendiary, or explosive attack.

Agro-Security Comprehensive actions to protect agricultural

from both intentional CBRNE threats as well as natural or accidental events, including diseases.

QUESTION 4

Society has changed

More people have contact with animals today than they did a century ago

Early 19th century 40% of the population were involved with agriculture

Today less than 2% are involved with agriculture

60% households have at least one kind of pet

What is a Zoonotic disease?

The simplest definition of a zoonosis is a disease that can be transmitted from one vertebrate animal to another. Another definition is a disease that normally infects animals, but can also be transmitted to humans.

Of the 1,407 known human disease pathogens, 816 (58%) are Zoonotic diseases.

Case Example: Monkey Pox Virus

Reportable foreign animal disease

Spread animal-to-human via blood or bite

Human-to-human spread possible

Similar in appearance to smallpox but milder

Also affects other species such as rodents

Wisconsin 2003, 7 confirmed, 34 suspect human cases

Case Example 2: Q Fever

Rickettsia - Coxiella burnettii Cattle, sheep, goats reservoirs Asymptomatic in animals

Abortion in sheep, goats One organism may cause

infection Inhalation most common Unpasteurized milk, soft

cheeses Flu-like symptoms in people

Case Example: H1N1 Orthomyxo virus - influenza A virus Reassortment of avian, pig and human

genotypes in H1N1 Zoonotic disease – mostly human to animals

H1N1 Influenza A

PigsCats

FerretsPoultry

Dogs Cheetah

Common Zoonotic Disease Risks in Small Animal Facilities Rabies Fungal diseases Cat scratch fever Larval migrans Salmonellosis Plague Tularemia Influenza ? Psittacosis Toxoplasmosis

Biological Risk Management (BRM) Infection ControlIdentification and handling of animals, animal waste, and diagnostic specimens to minimize risk of transmission of disease to people and/or other animals

Disaster Bio-Safety Procedures An extension of facility

procedures Veterinary hospitals Animal shelters Kennels Fairgrounds Salebarns

Veterinary planning

and implementation

role

Infection Control Plans

A written set of policies and procedures that communicate to the CO VMRC how the unit will manage infectious disease risks to people and animals.

1. Scope2. Planning assumptions3. Bio-safety practices4. Unit training5. Community/client outreach6. Plan maintenance7. Appendices/references

Planning Assumptions

It is necessary for the CO VMRC to have a BRM/IC plan.

1. Protection of all unit members, clients, animals and facilities - Right to Know

2. Reportable diseases3. Standard of care and liability issues4. New or emerging diseases may be recognized

first in animals (e.g. West Nile Virus)5. Bioterrorism may impact both people and

animals

REPORTABLE DISEASES IN COLORADO

 Anaplasmosis (Clinical Disease Only) Anthrax Avian Influenza (Both high or low pathogenic) Brucellosis (Bovine, Porcine, Ovine, or *Canine) Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) Contagious Equine Metritis (CEM) Equine Encephalomyelitis (reportable to CO Dept.

Public Health) Equine Infectious Anemia (Positive Coggins/ELISA) Equine Viral Arteritis Equine Herpes Virus type 1 (Neurological form of

Equine Rhinopneumonitis) Malignant Catarrhal Fever Mycoplasma gallisepticum or synoviae Paratuberculosis (Johne’s Disease) * Plague (reportable to CO Dept. Public Health) * Psittacosis (reportable to CO Dept. Public

Health)

Pseudorabies * Rabies (reportable to CO Dept. Public Health) Salmonella (pullorum or enteritidis) Scabies (Cattle or Sheep) Scrapie Trichomoniasis Tuberculosis * Tularemia (reportable to CO Dept. Public

Health) Vesicular Stomatitis, All Species Vesicular Diseases of all species West Nile Virus

*- diseases of interest to small animal practitioners

  Date Last Reviewed: July 23, 2008

ANY DISEASE LISTED ABOVE OR FOREIGN ANIMAL DISEASE OR ANY INFECTIOUS DISEASEOR PARASITE OF LIVESTOCK WHICH WAS NOT PEVIOUSLY KNOWN TO EXIST IN COLORADO SHALL BE REPORTED, ie: ANY DISEASE OF UNUSUAL MORBIDITY OR MORTALITY THAT DOES NOT FIT A NORMALLY EXPECTED CLINICAL PICTURE.

If an animal dies acutely and was exhibiting clinical signs of a reportable disease this incident shall be reported even though no diagnostictesting was accomplished prior to death.

Right to Know Laws

Applies to hazards potentially encountered by the unit and the general public

Allows optimal health care of patients (healthy and diseased)

Optimal protection of people

Risk Assessment What are the key biological threats that the CO VMRC

might face? Animal diseases Zoonotic diseases Human diseases (members and clients)

What are the vulnerabilities? Cages, kennels Common areas Treatment outside of a facility Eating areas for staff Visitors entering restricted areas

Bio-Safety Practices Risk recognition Traffic flow Isolation procedures Hand hygiene policies Barrier protection Sanitation procedures Bite procedures Rabies prophylaxis Other

Biologic Risk Recognition Which diseases do we worry about

recognizing early? Zoonoses Highly contagious Highly persistent Significant clinical consequences Regulatory concern

Management: Keep high risk animals isolated

Traffic flow and isolation

Biological Threats

Viruses (Rift valley fever) Bacteria (strep, salmonella) Fungi (yeast, mold) Prions (mad cow disease) Bio-toxins (red tide, Ricin)

Disease Transmission Routes

Droplet contact - coughing or sneezing on another person

Direct physical contact - touching an infected person, including sexual contact

Indirect contact - usually by touching soil contamination or a contaminated surface

Airborne transmission - if the microorganism can remain in the air for long periods

Fecal-oral transmission - usually from contaminated food or water sources

Vector borne transmission - carried by insects or other animals

Some diseases may use multiple routes of transmission

Risk Recognition Tools

Entry recognition Screening when animal

arrives at site Routing infectious cases

away from well animals Isolation Keeping visitors out of

restricted areas

Risk recognition starts as soon as the animal is brought to the CO VMRC…

For example- if the animal has a history or obvious signs of GI or respiratory disease, move the animal into an isolation area ASAP

Example: Plague Risk Recognition

Sick outdoor/hunter cat = plague on the radar

Recognition High fever, depression Lymph node enlargement or

abscess +/-respiratory signs Inflammatory leukogram Cytology

Additional plague precautions: Protective measures

1. Gloves, mask*, barrier gowns worn immediately (inhalant and contact danger)

2. Individuals with specified risks (pregnancy, immune compromise) relieved of case management

3. Contact limited to attending clinician and one other staff

4. Medical waste handled as hazardous

* Respiratory protection must meet OSHA/CDC guidelines with a minimum of N-95

Hand Hygiene May be the single most

important bio-safety practice! Major challenge is compliance Reasons for noncompliance

include Lack of time to do the “right

thing” Impact of hand hygiene

practices on skin condition Improve compliance by adding

hand sanitizing gels to program

Methods of Hand Hygiene Broad categories

Surgical scrub=gold standard Hand washing

Regular soap Antibacterial soap

Alcohol gels Alcohol liquid Chlorhexidine-alcohol hand

sanitizer Combination

Example hand washing and a gel or lotion

Veterinary Medical Perspective Very limited information on optimal hand

hygiene methods for animal care personnel Most of the recommendations have been adapted

from human health care Veterinary medicine

Most veterinary patients are very hairy Most veterinary patients are not bathed daily Use of gloves for all patient contact is not routine

Essentials for Hand Hygiene

Keep finger nails short and clean under finger nails as needed

Hand hygiene:1. Should be performed between animal contacts

2. Wash station or sanitizers must be readily available and not compromise animal care

3. Should minimize negative impact on skin of animal care providers

4. Can include alcohol based hand sanitizer if hands are not grossly soiled

Hand Hygiene Summary Those involved in care of animals for the CO

VRMC should: Develop a minimum level of hand hygiene Based procedures on the risk Use hand hygiene as a routine or habit

If risk of contagious disease is high: Use examination gloves along with other needed

barrier precautions Perform hand hygiene after removal of

examination gloves

Barrier Protections

Gloves Masks

N-95 or better Gowns/coveralls Caps/hair protection HAZMAT protection

Levels A, B, C are seldom used in clinical animal care

Cleaning and Disinfection Cleaning:

Removal of visible contaminants Must precede disinfection

Disinfection: Application of a suitable chemical

agent for an appropriate amount of time to destroy specific infectious agents

10 Essential Steps in Cleaning and Disinfection1. Assess the areas to be

cleaned

2. Remove all visible debris

3. Clean with water and detergent or soap

4. Thoroughly rinse the cleaned area

5. Allow the area to dry completely

Cleaning and Disinfection (continued)6. Select and apply disinfectant

7. Allow the proper contact time

8. Rinse

9. Leave the area free of animals for a sufficient amount of time

10. Evaluate/monitor the effectiveness of the disinfection plan

Cleaning and Disinfection Assessment

1. Microorganism considerations

2. Disinfectant considerations

3. Environmental considerations

4. Health and safety of people and animals

Disinfectant Considerations

Label information Statements of efficacy

Medical environment claims Broad spectrum/general purpose

Dilution and use instructions Storage and stability Safety information Environmental considerations

QUESTION 5

Bites and Scratches

Rabies and bite policies needed Prevention/safety Post-bite protocols

10 day quarantine Risk recognition in companion animals,

livestock and wildlife Cat scratches

Cat-scratch fever

Rabies Prophylaxis

Vaccination Given prior to exposure Periodic antibody titer monitoring

Post-exposure prophylaxis Coordination with public health Needed in:

Known positive cases Exposure by animals unavailable for testing (such

as wildlife)

Prophylaxis ( Greek "προφυλάσσω" to guard or prevent beforehand ) is any medical or public health procedure whose purpose is to prevent, rather than treat or cure a disease.

Common BRM Flaws

Designate food storage,preparation, and eating

areas

Designate specimen storage and and handling

areas

Even in the field, the CO VMRC must..

Implementing BRM/IC

Not an easy task; almost every step will inconvenience someone Particularly during a disaster

Tendency for complacency, convenience to overcome policies, unless we commit to: Education Enforcement Evaluation Continue improvement into the future.

Agricultural Bio-defense

Defending against the potential volcanic impacts of foreign animal diseases

Examples of significant FAD agents:

African Swine Fever Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Classical Swine Fever Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia Exotic Newcastle Disease Foot and Mouth Disease Highly-Pathogenic Avian Influenza Lumpy Skin Disease Rift Valley Fever Rinderpest Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis

Bio-Security Measures for Producers

If FAD response is at a production facility. Limit visitors. Post visitor policies

No visitors from foreign countries for 7 days

Limited access for service providers

Clean/disinfect vehicles entering animal areas

Provide clean garments/boots for necessary visitors

Security Fencing and locked gates where possible Secure feed and chemicals Report suspicious persons or events to local

law enforcement or FBI

Employees

Pre-screen employees when possible Train employees on:

Biological risk management programs Continuity of operations plan

Provide clean footwear, coveralls Policy on off-hours contact with animals Reporting of suspicious behavior/events

BRM for Field Veterinary Services

Monitor refrigerated medication temperatures

Bag and leave waste from each visit

Sites should have “clean” areas and “dirty” areas

BRM in Animal Sheltering Risk factors

Stress Varying levels of preventive care

Veterinary records not usually available

Congregation of many individual animals in close proximity

Pre-existing illness Exposure to pathogens during

disaster Owner/history may be unavailable

Biological Risk Management in Community Emergencies

Environmental and infrastructure challenges Utility failure

Sewage infrastructure Water treatment

Flood waters Micro-organism Chemicals Well contamination

Dead animals

BRM in Animal Emergency Plans Responsible for BRM components

State State veterinarian Universities Public health Veterinary associations

Local Public health Veterinary professionals

Written guidelines for animal response programs Modify protocols to fit each emergency

BRM Tools in Disaster Obtain records when possible

Veterinary medical history Copies of preventive care

Intake surveillance/triage Especially for livestock Veterinary screening exam for all animals Isolation area for high-risk signs

Onsite preventive care where history is unknown Immunization Parasite control

Ongoing surveillance Screening examination 1-2 times daily Thorough exam when indicated Isolation for certain signs Establish veterinary care protocols

Limit access to animal areas Sanitation protocols

Written protocols Onsite training: all workers/volunteers OSHA “Right to know” considerations

MSDS availability Training PPE

Personal hygiene protocols Hand washing Eating/drinking

QUESTIONS 6 and 7

Questions?To take the required post-test: Log in to your CO TRAIN account Click on “my learning” Click on name of course It will ask you to either “withdraw”

or “complete the course”. Click on “complete”

Click on “take assessment” Complete the test and submit If you passed the test, your

certificate of completion will be added to your CO TRAIN account