modul6-antennarelatedequipments-131010061500-phpapp01.ppt

7/26/2019 modul6-antennarelatedequipments-131010061500-phpapp01.ppt

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2

Outline

Base station antennaspecification and

meanings

Antenna types and

trends Antenna Type And

Developments

Other Elements

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3

BTS Logic Structure

BSC

Baseband

subsystem

Power supply

subsystem

!

subsystem

"bisinter#ace

$m

inter#ace

MS"ntenna % #ee

dersubsystem

-48V/+24V

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&

AntennasCategories

Omnidirectional antennas radiation patterns is constant in t'e

'ori(ontal plain

use#ul in #lat rural areas

Directional antennas concentrate main energy into certain

direction

larger communication range use#ul in cities) urban areas) sectorised

sites

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*

RF Antenna and Feeder

SectorA

SectorA

Se

cto

rA

Antenna

Feeder

Jumper

Jumper

BTS cabinet

+nner

cable

,--

M"/,

-0

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Antennas Antenna !ain Measures t'e antenna1s capability to transmitetract energy

to#rom t'e propagation medium air4 dB o5er isotropic antenna dBi4

dB o5er dipole dBd4

"ntenna gain depends on mec'anical si(e "

e##ecti5e antenna aperture area w #re7uency band

"ntenna 8ain

G A w=4

2

Pt

Gain(Dbi)

Isotropic radiated Power

Equivalent isotropicradiated power:EIRP = Pt+Gain(Dbi)

radiatedpower

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Technical Data

B l a h b l a h

b l a h b l a h

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:

Antenna "ropertiesElectrical properties

;peration !re7uency Band +nput impedance

ori(ontal


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GSM-GPRS Operation

Antenna Electrical

properties


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$avelength

%&' $avelength

%&( $avelength

%&( $avelength

%&' $avelength

Dipole

Dipoles

%)**#+, %--mm

.**#+, ///mm

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% dipolerecei5ed power4 %m$#ultiple dipole matri0

ecei5ed power ( m$

GAIN 1 %*log2(m$&%m$3 1 -dBd

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!ain 1 %*log2)m$&%m$3 1 .dBi

4Sector antenna5

Received po6er )m$

4Omnidirectional array5

Received po6er %m$

;5erlook

Antenna

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3

SM 900 : 890-960MHz

SM 1800 : 1710-1880MHz

SM dual band : 890-960MHz &

1710-1880MHz

eg.824-960MHz 1710-1900MHz

CDMA2000 1x

Fre7uency Range

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&

8mpedance

*A

Ca9le

:* ohms

Antenna

:* ohms

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*

.;: $)*

ohms:* ohms

For6ard< %*$

Bac=6ard< *;:$

Return Loss %*log2%*&*;:3 1 %/dB

>S$R 2>oltage Standing $ave Ratio3

>S$R

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6


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"olari,ation

>ertical +ori,ontal

? (:degree slant (:degree slant

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:

>&+ 2>ertical&+ori,ontal3 Slant 2?& (:@3

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E

?inear)5ertical

&*dual linear &*slant

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2A

Dipole

8deal radiating dot source2lossless radiator3

eg< *dBd 1 ';%:dBi

dBd and dBi

';%:dB

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2

"attern

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22

Beam6idth

%'*@ 2eg3"ea=

"ea= %*dB

"ea= %*dB

%*dB Beam6idth

-*@ 2eg3 "ea=

"ea= /dB

"ea= /dB

/dB Beam6idth

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23

3dB Beamwidt' >ori(ontal

0irectional "ntenna 6*FEAFA*F2A F;mni 36AF

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2&

0irectional ;mnidirectional

/dB Beam6idth >ertical

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2*

Mec'anical down tilt

!ied electronic down tilt

"djustable electronic down

tilt

Do6ntilt

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Demonstration of Electronic Do6ntilt

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on do6n tilt Electronic do6ntilt #echanical

do6ntilt

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2:

Electronic and mechanical do6ntilt

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2E

Antenna Do6ntilit $hats goal

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3A

Antenna Do6ntilt Consideration

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3

atio o# maimum

mainlobe to maimumsidelobe

F&B 1 %* log2F"&B"3 typically ':dB

Bac= po6er Front po6er

Front to 9ac= ratio

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32

pper Side lo9es Suppression ull Fill

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33

Sidelo9es

2dB3

2dB3

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3&[email protected]


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3*

Continuous 2**AA watts

peak n2p

"ermitted "o6er

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+M0@2&3dBm

#) #2) 2##2) 2#2#

.%/#+,./-#+,.:.#+,.)'#+,

,'ird ;rder +ntermodulation

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8ntermodulation

+ntermodulasi ,erjadi akibat penguatan

sistem yang non linier >anya orde ke3 dan

kadangkadang orde ke*yang signi#ikan

Sinyal dengan amplitudayang sama meng'asilkanle5el +M yang sama pada#rek tinggi dan renda'

Sinyal dengan amplitudaberbeda memberikanle5el +M yang berbeda

pula $ntuk mencega'

intermodulasi)penguatdioperasikan padapenguatan bukanmaksimum

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3:

8ntermodulation

+ntermodulasi

Gomp. ;rde

di'arapkan linier

Gomp. ;rde 2 #rek 2

diredam ole' #ilter

Gomp. ;rde 3 #rek 3

diredam dengan #ilter

"enguat

onlinier

( )

( )tB

tAv

B

Ai

cos

cos

+

=

++

+=

3

2

i

iio

cv

bvavv

Hang bermasala'

Gomponen yang lain

amplituda kecil

( ) ( )ABBA

2,2

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3E

%***m$ 2 %$3 %m$

%*log2%***m$&%m$3 1 /*dB

8solation

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&A

%* Simple !uidelines for RF Safety

"ll personnel s'ould 'a5e IMI awareness training

"ll personnel entering t'e site must be aut'ori(ed

;bey all posted signs

"ssume all antennas are acti5e

Be#ore working on antennas) noti#y owners and disable appropriate

transmitters

Maintain minimum 3 #eet clearance #rom all antennas 0o not step in #ront o# antennas

$se personal ! monitors w'ile working near antennas

/e5er operate transmitters wit'out s'ields during normal operation

0o not operate base station antennas inside e7uipment rooms

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&

P


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&2

!oodloo=ing

environmentprotecting

Colour

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GSM-GPRS Operation

Antenna Types and Development


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&*

Antenna Types

By frequency band: GSM900, GSM1800, GSM900/1800

By polaria!ion: "er!ical, #orion!al, $4%& linear

polaria!ion, circle polaria!ion

By pa!!ern: '(ni)direc!ional, direc!ional

By do*n)!il!: +on, (ecanical, elec!ronic

ad-us!(en!, re(o!e con!rol

By func!ion: .rans(ission, receiin, !ransceiin

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&6

Broad band

Multi#unctional>ig' +ntegrity

"ntenna 0e5elopment ,rend

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A t


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&9

de# "ttenuation between

,- % - antennaconnectors

>ori(ontal separation

needs appro. *distance #or

su##icient decoupling

antenna patternssuperimposed i# distance too

close


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&:

8nstallation E0amples

ecommended decoupling

,- ,- J2AdB ,- - J&AdB

>ori(ontal decoupling distance depends on antenna gain

'ori(ontal rad. pattern

;mnidirectional antennas - D ,- wit' 5ertical separation KBajonettL4

-) - di5. ) ,- wit' 5ertical separation K#orkL4

$ertical decouplin% is much more e&ective

#'m

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&E

*ime diversit

,requenc diversit

-pace diversit

Polarisation diversit

.ultipath diversit

interleavin%

/requenc hoppin

multiple antenna

crosspolar antenn

equaliserra0e receiver

t

f

DiversityDiversity Technics

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Di it


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*A

0i5ersity gain depends on en5ironment

+s t'ere co5erage impro5ement by di5ersity antenna di5ersity

e7ui5alent to *dB more signal strengt'

more pat' loss acceptable in link budget

'ig'er co5erage range

R

R(div) 1 "'2 R3 "'4 3 554#6 more covera%e per celneeds less cells in total 55

*rue onl (in theor) i/ theenvironment is in7nitel lar%e

and 8at

DiversityCoverage 8mprovement

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*

et6or= Elements#+A

Mast>ead "mpli#ier?ow /oise "mpli#ier4 - signal ampli#ied near

t'e antenna in t'e top o#t'e mast

;##ers better co5erage Iliminates t'e antenna

cable loss +ncreased recei5er

sensiti5ity o# t'e B,Sand cell si(e

+ncreased network7uality

9oise ,i%ure !# d; (tpical)R< Gain: p to " d;Dimensions : >> ? "2# ? "2 mm@ei%ht : !> 0% (duple?ed)

$olume : A! lIP > Enclosure ProtectionPower ,eedin% *hrou%h 3ntennaBoa?3larms handled in ;*-

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*2

Booster

,- signal ampli#ied

/okia Booster Con#iguration

Booster P"4 $nit ,B$4

Booster !iltering $nit "!>4

Mast'ead Preampli#ier e7uipment M>"4

;utput power be#ore combining can be up to &E dBm

+solator D combiner D #ilter "!>4 gi5e roug'ly 2.* dB losses

Booster B,S is suitable #or all t'e en5ironments w'ere

en'anced co5erage or 'ig' output power is needed

,'eoretically) cell radius is en'anced up to 6AN and t'e

co5erage area is roug'ly t'e triple

et6or= ElementsBooster *R


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*3

BTS E7uipments layout

,;=I

B,SI

IC,+!+I

B",,IH

,"/SM+SS+;/ IOP.

S+,I

8I/SI,

"

C

!roundingsensor

AC"DB

Power P?/

S>I?,I

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GSM GPRS Operation


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GSM-GPRS Operation

End of Setion !

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