Modul 9 

Australian Systems

I.  Political SystemII.    Educational SystemIII.  Welfare SystemIV.   Law System

I.   A. Political & Governmental System

Australia became a Federation in 1901 after printing a the six British Colony from the 18th to late 19 century.

Federation : A political unity which is formed when several separate states unite under a central government. The states keep control of their own internal affairs.

Australian Federation 6 states NSW  Victoria  Queensland   South Australia Western Australia Tasmania

 2 Territories   North Territory   Australian Capital Territory

B. Original Concept of Federal Constitution

  Australian Federal Constitution Britain Unites States Switzerland

British Influence  Basis of the constitution

parliamentary system separation of power

  Parliament makes the laws (legislative)

       Government administers the

laws (Executive)

   Courts interpret the laws for

dispute (Judicative)

Constitutional Monarchy   The Queen of GB =

queen of Australia    The Queen is

represented by the Governor

general  State governor    Territory

administrator

American Influence   Power division between

     Federal      States

     Model for the senate    Representative of

states & territories

Switzerland Influence  Changing the

constitution referendum                Majority of the

voters     Chang hard to

achieve stable

C. Functions of Constitution  They are :

  Laying out the operating rules of the federal government

   Regulation the relationship between the states

  Setting out how the parliaments work

D. Function of Federal Government

    To control commerce, communications, national

industrial disputes, defence, external affairs

immigration marriage & divorce.

To conduct an election for parliament members.

  To organize health, education, indigenous affairs

and the environment

E. Federal Parliament  Consisting of two chambers :

  The House of Representative   The Senate

The house of representative   Lower House = people’s

house   The Leader of the party

with the most seats in the house of

representative = prime minister

   Representing 150 electorates

  Serving for three years

  The Senate  Upper house  Representing a whole

state or territory Each state = 12 senators  Each territories = 2

senators  Serving for 6 years  Elected through a qwota

systems = “proportional representation”

F. Political Parties  Australia Many Political Parties

Labor party = the oldest party (1890’s)

Liberal party = 1945 National party   Minor parties

Labor party Originality : Socialist

party  Free market approach   Deregulating the banks    Dropping tarrifs & sold

some government assets

Liberal party   Conservative   Committed to free

enterprise Middle - class voters Emphasis on ties with

USA & GB   Tightening immigration

policy

National party  Country party   Representing farmers &

rural people Minor parties

   The Australian Democrats

The Greens Party    One Nations Party

II.   Educational system   Basic concept

Compulsory for all children 6 - 16 years old

  Pre-school is an elective   Teaching both academic and

vocational education and trainning (VET) subjects

    National curriculum / basic

curriculum

Types of Schools Public  Private   Religious

  Public Schools  Funding by the government   Examination system  Standard uniform (plan)  Free

Private Schools  Funding by the parents  Expensive Better standard & facilities

Religious schools   Granting by the governor

Structure of The Education

Master

University College

Tertiary

High SchoolTechnicalSchools

Secondary

1 - 6 grades primary

Doctorate

III.  The Welfare System  Dilemmatic attitudes

Helping to improve >< depending to the help

  Types of welfare Pensions to olders   Pensions to invalid

pensions  National child endowment   Payment for un employed

people   Disability pension

Institution Centrelink