modul 10. interconnection billing settlement and clearing house
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Interconnection Billing &
Settlement
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Interconnect billing is a business function performed between a network operator
and its network peers. This billing involves a much smaller 'customer' base (i.e.
each connecting network) but with substantially higher transaction volumes and
bill values than retail billing. Each interconnect bill exchanged between network
operators can represent the aggregated billing for millions or billions of
transactions
Interconnect processing costs can be minimized by not processing individualtransactions through the 'retail' billing platform.
All transactions performed across the operator's network boundary require
interconnect settlement, either to bill another network for transiting or completing
their transaction, or to reconcile another network's bill for completing a
transaction that originated from the operator's own network.
The activities of billing and reconciliation are complementary, with differences
occurring in the direction of cash flow (money paid out versus an outstanding
debt) and in the priority of the processing (e.g. performing billing with a higher
priority than reconciliation)
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Where transactions require two or more networks for a successfulcompletion, the participant networks share in the retail revenue
stream by charging the retail biller (usually the transaction originator)
for completion or transit of the transaction across their networks
Three components involved in interconnect billing :
o Originating network
o Terminating network
o Transit network
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Originating networkOperator A
Transit network(Operator B)
Terminating network(Operator C)
POI POI
A Number B Number
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The network upon which the transaction 'starts'. Theoriginator will (usually) bill the retail customer for the
transaction. Retail customers perform their transactions
(e.g. phone calls) with little consideration for the
underlying networks required to complete the transaction
These transactions are sent to retail billing, though they
contain details that can support the reconciliation of bills
received from the network operator's network peers
Transactions records indicating an off-network (inter-)
connection can be used to pre-calculate and match the
charges received from external networks
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Terminating network is the network where the transaction
'ends'.
These network operators may charge (bill) the upstream
network(s) for completing their transactions. Terminating
transactions can be a substantial revenue source for
network operators.
For example, calls that terminate on a mobile phone
network are an additional revenue source for mobile
phone operators, only enhanced by the move to mobile
phones over fixed phone lines
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Where the originating and terminating transactions are
routed between separate networks without a common
touchpoint, the network(s) upon which transactions
'transit' on their end-to-end path may also charge for their
services.
The entire business of some network operators is the
transit interconnection between retail end-points, though
the margins are low and under pressure due to the
commodity nature of the business
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Each interconnection of each transaction type can be a matter of
negotiated or regulated pricing, including the payment direction, and
each part of this must be reflected in the billing platform. For example,
reverse charge and toll-free phone calls are billed to the recipient, but
the same phone call connection performed without the operator or
toll-free intermediate number is billed to the originator
Different prices may be charged at a retail level where distinctions
between end network types are possible, but where this is not
possible, a common rate may be applied. Examples:
o In Australia, there are distinctions between end network types (i.e. mobile/cell
phone versus fixed phone)
o In US, distinction is not possible due to shared phone number ranges
The ability to distinguish between end destinations can also affect the
ability to differentiate how interconnect charges are calculated
Two types of billing are Direct Billing and Cascade Billing
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Metode Settlement
OPERATOR A OPERATOR B OPERATOR CPOI POI
Bill Bill Bill
DirectAccounting
CascadeAccounting
Data Exchange
Settlement
Payment
A B
C
A B
C
Data Exchange
Settlement
Payment
MODEL
INTERKONEKSI
Settlement :Hasil Pertukaran billing interkoneksi dan pengakuan hak interkoneksi pada suatu
periode bulan takwim dan merupakan kewajiban yang harus diselesaikan oleh salahsatu Pihak kepada Pihak lainnya.
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A network operator can settle with each network partner
directly (Direct Billing) where the originating network isaware of each network involved in the end-to-end
completion of its transactions, and can pay each network
operator directly for their participation.
This approach requires agreements be establishedbetween each involved party before interconnect billing
can be performed
Direct billing enables the costs associated with a call to be
allocated by the originating operator directly among anumber of organizations
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An alternative approach is to bill/pay only those networks connected to theoriginating network directly. Each downstream network then bills its upstream
('originating') network and is billed in turn by their downstream ('terminating')
network.
This cascades the revenue (Cascade Billing) to the downstream ('terminating)
networks. The originating and terminating networks do not need to identify or
establish direct billing relationships, and the transit networks can routetransactions depending on the prevailing prices of alternative routes
An international call is an example of a multi-network transaction that could
originate on a mobile phone network (#1), be carried from its originating location
to the originating country's international point-of-interconnect (POI) (#2), without a
direct network connection between the originating and terminating countries the
call is passed through (transits) a third country (#3), on 'arrival' at the terminating
country it is carried internally from the terminating country's international POI to
the local network in the terminating country (#4), where it terminates on the
network of the intended phone (#5), establishing a phone call
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: Domestic and international calls that originate onone (retail) network, are often carried to the destination region / country on
another network (transit), and then terminate on the local provider's network
associated with the regional / overseas phone number
: Interconnect processing connects calls between two
mobile (cell) phone networks that have no common point-of-interconnection.
Without a transit connection between the two isolated networks, calls couldnot be completed. Interconnect billing charges for the use of an operator's
network as an intermediary, and for the terminating network to complete the
call
: The exchange of short text messages between mobile phones. Originally
these messages could only be exchanged between phones on the same
provider's network (no interconnect requirement), but as networks came to
peering agreements and inter-connected their networks for SMS, mobile
phone customers could send their SMS transactions with a higher confidence
the recipient could receive it. Interconnect billing is employed to bill for the
carriage (transit) and delivery (termination) of these transactions
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: Similar to SMS messages, picture / video transactions are exchanged
between mobile phones on different networks. Whilst SMS have a fixed length,
pictures and videos are variable in size creating an additional dimension that
may vary the interconnect pricing model used in their billing
: An extension of the phone call now possible on 3G
phone networks, these 'transactions' are performed predominantly betweenphones on the same network (no interconnection), but will over time become
possible between networks using the same technologies, necessitating
interconnect billing to allocate the revenue stream between the participants
: : These are 'phone communications' made between selected
mobile phones using an 'always on' walkie-talkie model. Initial deployments
have required all selected mobile phones to be on the same provider's network
(no interconnection), but long-term the ability to speak (PTT) with any phone
will increase PTT's appeal (i.e. just as SMS became more popular when 'any'
phone could receive a customer's SMS), establishing the need for interconnect
billing
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Aturan dan parameter billing disepakati antarpenyelenggara yang berinterkoneksi dan dituangkandalam perjanjian tertulis, di antaranya : Tarif interkoneksi
Format call scenario
Parameter dan format CDR (misal: identifikasi A# dan B#,identifikasi trunk group/final switch identification, tanggal, waktu)
Parameter rating (misal: koordinat titik interkoneksi dan titikpembebanan, faktor koreksi)
Formula perhitungan (misal: metode pembulatan, billable traffic)
Treatment terhadap anomali (misal: A# blank/not complete)
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Mekanisme settlement harus disepakati bersama Periode settlement : monthly atau quaterly
Siapa yang menagih dan yang ditagih
Eksisting:
Domestic --> Terminating bill to originating
IDD --> Domestic bill to IDD for originating & terminating
Future (PP 52) :
Biaya interkoneksi dibebankan kepada originating
Verifikasi tagihan dilakukan oleh yang ditagih dengan membandingkan dengan catatan yang
dimiliki (outgoing record)
misal : billing interkoneksi (incoming dari operator lain) dibandingkan dengancatatan outgoing yang dimiliki oleh pihak yang ditagih
Prosentase toleransi terhadap perbedaan data
Prosedur klaim
Pengakuan tagihan (pengakuan sementara maupun final) Penelitian perbedaan data
Jangka waktu penelitian
Format/leveling data
Penelitian data & teknis (test call, dsb)
Bill Period Closure --> suatu periode billing ditutup dan tidak dapat dibuka kembali
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Perbedaan mendasar antara billing interkoneksi dan billing retail
Billing retail menerbitkan ribuan lembar tagihan sehingga memerlukan sistem khusus (printing,enveloping, mailing) serta memerlukan sistem pembayaran khusus (kerjasama dengan bank)
Tagihan interkoneksi hanya diterbitkan beberapa lembar sesuai jumlah operator sebagaicustomer namun besaran yang ditagihkan sangat besar, sehingga memerlukan tingkat audit dandata integrity yang bagus dalam sistem billing interkoneksi
Pemahaman customer interkoneksi terhadap operasionalisasi bisnis telekomunikasi sangat baikdan mampu memverifikasi tagihan
Customer retail diharapkan membayar penuh tagihannya dan komplain ditangani denganmenerbitkan credit note. Interkoneksi membutuhkan proses rekonsiliasi tagihan yang harusdidukung sistem khusus untuk dapat menyajikan informasi serinci mungkin
Kunci dalam hubungan dalam interkoneksi adalah trust, verify, dan integritas sistem yangbagus, mengingat potensi dispute sangat besar dan memerlukan effort
Pembayaran interkoneksi seringkali tertunda, karena mementingkan akurasi tagihan
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Pada level yang lebih teknis, perbedaan tersebut di antaranya :
1. Kebutuhan informasi tentang konfigurasi network
Billing interkoneksi membutuhkan informasi yang lebih spesifik dan lengkap mengenaikonfigurasi network maupun ruting panggilan untuk dapat merating scr akurat
2. Audit dan Integrity
Terkait dengan perlunya rekonsiliasi tagihan, sistem billing interkoneksi harus mampu
untuk audit-trail dan integritasnya terjaga (rule dan parameter konsisten)
3. Konflik prioritas dengan billing retail
Bila sistem billing interkoneksi dan retail menyatu, akan ada konflik prioritaspemrosesan. Biasanya lebih mendahulukan billing retail.
4. Karakter trafik
Karakter trafik interkoneksi lebih beragam, dapat terminasi, originasi, maupun transit,
sementara trafik retail bersifat outgoing. Hal ini mempengaruhi sumber data.5. Berkembangnya sistem pembebanan interkoneksi
Seiring dengan kompetisi dan perkembangan regulasi, skema tarif interkoneksi danpembebanannya akan bervariasi. Memerlukan antisipasi pada sistem billing untuklebih fleksibel beradaptasi.
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KONFIGURASI-1Kombinasi billing retail dan interkoneksi
CDRs
BILL PRODUCTIONGENERAL LEDGER
MANAGEMENT INFORMATION
RETAILMEDIATION INTERCONNECT
CDR = Call Data Record
Billing Retail dan Interkoneksi
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KONFIGURASI-2Separasi billing retail dan interkoneksi di sisi prosesCDR menyatu
CDRs
BILL PRODUCTIONGENERAL LEDGER
MANAGEMENT INFORMATION
RETAIL
MEDIATION INTERCONNECT
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Billing Retail dan Interkoneksi
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KONFIGURASI-3Separasi proses billing retail dan interkoneksiCDR dipisahkan berdasarkan karakter incoming/outgoing
CDRsoutgoing
BILL PRODUCTIONGENERAL LEDGER
MANAGEMENT INFORMATION
RETAIL
MEDIATIONINTERCONNECT
CDRsincoming
Data
Retail
daninterkoneksi
Data
interkoneksi
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Billing Retail dan Interkoneksi
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KONFIGURASI-4Separasi billing retail dan interkoneksi baik sisi CDR maupun proses
CDRsoutgoing
BILL PRODUCTIONGENERAL LEDGER
MANAGEMENT INFORMATION
RETAIL
MEDIATION
INTERCONNECTI/n,transit & o/g
CDRsPoI MEDIATION
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Billing Retail dan Interkoneksi
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Kliring trafik telekomunikasi
(clearing house)
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Pada level nasional kompleksitas interkoneksi dapatterjadi dalam hubungan antara sekian banyak operatordengan jenis layanan yang berbeda.
Pada level global kompleksitas akan bertambah denganadanya perbedaan bahasa, kultur, market, regulasi, serta
faktor-faktor teknis. Dengan situasi seperti di atas, teknik-teknik untuk
pelaksanaan interkoneksi merupakan suatu hal yangpenting.
Dalam kenyataannya teknik-teknik tersebut dapat menjadi
fasilitator, tetapi dapat pula menjadi penghambatkompetisi dan tersebarnya layanan telekomunikasi didunia.
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Complexity of Interconnection
TradingPartner-1
TradingPartner-2
TradingPartner-3
TradingPartner-4
Trading
Partner-5
Trading
Partner-6
Trading
Partner-7
Trading
Partner-8
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Scenario of Interconnection
BSO1
BSO2
BSO4
BSO3
ILDO1
ILDO2
ILDO3
ILDO4
NLDO1
NLDO2
NLDO3
NLDO4
CEL1
CEL2
CEL3
CEL4
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New Scenario of Interconnection(With Interconnect Exchange / Inter-carrier Billing Clearing House)
BSO1
BSO2
BSO4
BSO3
ILDO1
ILDO2
ILDO3
ILDO4
NLDO1
NLDO2
NLDO3
NLDO4
CEL1
CEL2
CEL3
CEL4
Interconnect Exchange(Clearing House)
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Interconnect Exchange could be connected to each operator at POIs
preferably through a duplicated interconnect link
As all the operators would be connected to only one interconnect
operator, uniform terms of interconnect could be applicable
Interconnect Exchange could be flexible enough to accommodate all
type of interconnect links as per licensing/ regulatory requirements
Interconnect Exchange operator could work as a mediator and the
Clearing House for the bills between service providers. In the first
instance, incumbent operator could offer these services. In case he
declines, one of the new operators could provide such interconnect
exchange for all type of interconnections at designated POIs
In the scenario with 16 operators in a typical POI Area, with the
introduction of an Interconnect Exchange the number of Interconnect
links could be reduced to as little as 16 from staggering number of
240 links needed based on the present recommended interconnection
architecture
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In the existing multi operator multi service environment, without an
Interconnect Exchange the following problems are generally faced by the
service providers:
Inter carrier billing
Complexity in settlement of interconnect usage charges
Sharing of Intelligent Network Platform
Implementation of Number Portability
Implementation of carrier selection
Higher range of interconnection cost and Port Charges.
Longer waiting period for provision of interconnection capacities.
Higher cost of service
Inefficient handling of call
Sub-optimal utilization of network
Serious increase of CAPEX and OPEX making operation unavailable
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Network Simplicity
Optimization of number of Interconnect links
Simplicity in Digit analysis/ Route selection
Simplicity of Operation
Simplification of Carrier selection function
Simple, Cost effective and reliable POIs
Efficient handling of New and Traditional Interconnects
Better utilization of Interconnect links
Equality in Terms of Interconnect
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As the Interconnect Exchanges will handle all inter
operator calls, it is in a unique position to work for
o Inter Operator bill settlement (Clearing House function)
o Reconciliation and MIS generation
o Tariff based/ Time based route selection
o Route related announcements
o Carrier selection
o Promotion handling in coordination with operators, etc
These functions could be controlled by Financial
Institutions in case the traditional or upcoming service
operators are not in a position to offer such facilities
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KM 21/2001 tentang Penyelenggaraan Jasa Telekomunikasi
Pasal 84 ayat 1 dinyatakan
Dalam rangka menjamin tingkat pelayanan, transparansi trafik danefisiensi penyelenggaraan jasa telekomunikasi, Direktur Jenderalmelaksanakan fungsi kliring trafik telekomunikasi
KM 84/2002 tentang Kliring Trafik Telekomunikasi
Fungsi :o Pengawasan pelaksanaan pelayanan interkoneksi
o Pemantauan terlaksananya interkoneksi scr adil dan transparan
o Mengolah, menghitung, menyimpan, menyajikan data trafik interkoneksi darirekaman data panggilan
o Melakukan settlement trafik interkoneksi dengan menyiapkan tagihan hakmasing-masing penyelenggara
o Menyiapkan data penyelesaian perselisihan settlement
o Melakukan penghitungan dan penyiapan data dan tagihan USO daripenylenggara karena kegiatan interkoneksi
Operator wajib ikut serta dan wajib memberikan CDR interkoneksinya
Fungsi kliring trafik diselenggarakan oleh Direktur Jenderal dan dilakukansecara nasional
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Sistem
Otomatisasi
Kliring
Interkoneksi
(SOKI)
Sistem KliringTrafik
Telekomunikasi
(SKTT)
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Dibentuk oleh para operator telekomunikasi di Indonesia yang
melakukan interkoneksi Sistem ini mulai digunakan pada tahun 2003, dan dioperasikan oleh
salah satu operator besar (incumbent)
Alasan digunakan SOKI
o Belum ada badan atau lembaga yang mengatur tentang perhitungan
trafik dan bebannya dalam interkoneksio Dapat menjamin efisiensi biaya dan kerahasiaan data
Efisiensi biaya dalam arti tidak ada biaya yang harus dikeluarkan oleh operator
apabila terdapat badan atau lembaga yang mengatur tentang kliring
interkoneksi
Kerahasiaan data, artinya data tentang trafik dan perhitungan biaya
interkoneksi operator kerahasiaannya dapat dipegang penuh oleh keduaoperator yang saling berinterkoneksi
Keuntungan
Biaya rendah apabila interkoneksi dilakukan dengan sedikit operator
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Kesulitan dalam perhitungan trafik apabila interkoneksi dilakukan
dengan banyak operatormemerlukan waktu dan biaya besar
Penyelesaian perbedaan data trafik diantara operator yang
melakukan interkoneksi akan memakan waktu dan biaya yang cukup
besar
Dioperasikan oleh salah satu operator besar (incumbent):
o Penyelesaian perbedaan data trafik seringkali menguntungkan operator
incumbent, karena memiliki posisi tawar yang kuat.
o Dapat menimbulkan pertanyaan-pertanyaan dalam aspek independensi
dan kerahasiaan data
Pengembangan sistem SOKI juga terbukti memakan waktu panjang
untuk mencermati dan mengejar perubahan-perubahan yang banyak
di sektor telekomunikasi yang dinamis.
Proses SOKI pada saat ini hanya bersifat rekonsiliasi satu arah dengan
inputsummary data yang telah diproses oleh operator
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Dibentuk oleh pemerintah melalui BRTI (Badan Regulasi
Telekomunikasi Indonesia) dengan Keputusan Menteri (KM)
Perhubungan Nomor 2 tahun 2004 tentang Pelaksanaan
Restrukturisasi Sektor Telekomunikasi
Tujuan pembentukan SKTT
o Sebagai sarana pendukung bagi BRTI untuk mengatur kegiatan
telekomunikasi di Indonesia .
o Menciptakan transparansi kegiatan interkoneksi telekomunikasi di
Indonesia.
o Mewujudkan kompetisi yang adil bagi kegiatan bisnis telekomunikasi di
Indonesia, khususnya dalam hal interkoneksi.
Semula SKTT dijadwalkan sudah dapat digunakan pada bulan januari2005, namun karena masih adanya kendala-kendala, sampai
sekarang belum dapat digunakan
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Untuk perkuatan regulator dalam menjalankan fungsinya, dibentuk Sistem
Kliring Trafik Telekomunikasi (SKTT) yang keberadaannya telah dibahas
bersama dengan penyelenggara telekomunikasi, dimaksudkan sebagai tool
utama dalam penanganan seluruh persoalan interkoneksi
Melalui SKTT, Regulator mendapat data akurat mengenai profil trafik
interkoneksi antar penyelenggara dan dapat melakukan perhitungan trafikinterkoneksi sehingga menjamin transparansi pembebanan biaya
Kewenangan dan tanggung jawab fungsional pengaturan, pengawasan dan
pengendalian SKTT sepenuhnya di bawah kendali Regulator
Dibentuk komite pengawasan operasional pelaksana SKTT yang
beranggotakan unsur-unsur Regulator dan operator
Investasi dan pengoperasian SKTT dilakukan dengan cara out-sourcingyang
dituangkan dalam kontrak kerjasama
Pemilihan pelaksana SKTT dilaksanakan melalui seleksi secara terbuka
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Menyiapkan data perhitungan trafik telekomunikasi (statement of
account) dan penyelesaian pembayaran (settlement of account) antar
penyelenggara jaringan dan atau jasa telekomunikasi berdasarkan
CDR yang diberikan oleh penyelenggara jaringan dan atau jasa
telekomunikasi
Mengirimkan data perhitungan trafik telekomunikasi (statement of
account) dan penyelesaian pembayaran (settlement of account)
kepada seluruh penyelenggara jaringan dan atau jasa telekomunikasi
Menyiapkan data kewajiban layanan universal untuk setiap
penyelenggara jaringan dan atau jasa telekomunikasi
Menyiapkan sistem keamanan yang memadai untuk menjaga
kerahasiaan data kliring trafik telekomunikasi
Menyampaikan laporan kegiatan operasional penyelenggaraan Kliring
Trafik Telekomunikasi secara periodik setiap bulan kepada Direktur
Jenderal
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Diselenggarakan NECA (National Exchange Carrier Association) yangmemperoleh mandat dari FCC, untuk small and medium providers
1. Dibentuk untuk memfasilitasi US Tel Act 1996 for Rate of Returnincentive regulation.
2. Terdapat 1200 anggota yang melakukan cost sharing calculationuntuk network access cost berdasarkan traffic carried.
3. Provider memperoleh hasil rekonsiliasi RoR yang lebih besar danmentransfer cost karena ada provider yang mendapat RoR yanglebih kecil
4. Merupakan alat regulator untuk mengontrol tarif dan formula
5. Dilakukan secara periodik
6. Tidak ada cash transaction di NECA
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Diselenggarakan oleh CEPT (Clearing Europeen des Post et desTelecommunications) at Berne ,Suisse 1963 dengan 47 anggota
1. Organisasi non profit
2. Fasilitas payment melalui :
- Centralized account
- Reduction of cash movement- Payment acceleration
- Payment rationalization
3. Metode rekonsiliasi :
no precondition settlement, such discrepancy carried and resolved to thenext settlement period.
4. Notifikasi kliring dilakukan oleh kreditor5. Tidak ada cash yang dikirim ke CEPT, CEPT hanya menerbitkan
payment order.
6. Beban bunga untuk keterlambatan pembayaran (6% untukketerlambatan 20 hari )
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Beberapa prinsip yang dapat diterapkan diIndonesia :
Agreed by operators
Settlement data only (no cash transaction)
Centre of file control and standarization
Non precondition data settlement
Centre of disputes filing
Operation cost sharing
Independent
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Interconnect Billing and Reconciliation- Column - 23 January 2006
(http://www.purebill.com/column)
http://www.carrieraccessbilling.com/interconnectmodel.asp
The Globalization of Interconnection Tutorial (http://www.iec.org)
Bhatnagar New Interconnection Option : Interconnect Exchange cum Inter-
carrier Billing Clearing House (http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/treg/Interconnection_Prices)
Noorhayati Candrasuci - Billing dan Settlement Interkoneksi- Tutorial
Interkoneksi, Holiday Inn, 18-19 November 2003
http://www.purebill.com/columnhttp://www.carrieraccessbilling.com/interconnectmodel.asphttp://www.iec.org/http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/treg/Interconnection_Priceshttp://www.itu.int/ITU-D/treg/Interconnection_Priceshttp://www.itu.int/ITU-D/treg/Interconnection_Priceshttp://www.itu.int/ITU-D/treg/Interconnection_Priceshttp://www.itu.int/ITU-D/treg/Interconnection_Priceshttp://www.iec.org/http://www.carrieraccessbilling.com/interconnectmodel.asphttp://www.purebill.com/column