modtc - jst
TRANSCRIPT
64-08-D19-00002 Page 1 190720 1650 v360
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J-STAGEæ©æå ¬éæ¥ 2019 幎 6 æ 3 æ¥
MoDTC æ·»å æ²¹äžã®ç¡¬è³ªã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ãšéå±ã®æ©æŠã«ããããçé¢åœ¢æå°æ± 亮1éŽæš å2æ å åæ3è¶³ç« å¹žå¿4
Formation of Nano Interface by Sliding between Hard Coatings and Metals in MoDTCContained Oil
Key Words boundary lubrication additive molybdenum disulfide molybdenum dithiocarbamate tribo-film tribochemistry interface hardcoating transfer transmission electron microscopy
The viscosity of motor oil gets lower in order to decrease resistance at region of the fluid lubrication On the other hands thiscauses increasing of friction at the boundary lubrication region For this reason it is required to use a friction modifier to reducethe boundary friction MoDTC is especially used as friction modifier Although the decomposition mechanism of MoDTC hasbeen presumed it is considered only in the case of metal not hard coatings So it is required to understand the effects of hardcoatings to friction in motor oils We tried to clarify the surface and tribo-film changes depending on the kinds of hard coatingsby SEM-EDX TEM and so on As a result of experiment of hard coatings against metal we clarified the process as followswhen friction of CrN reduces In the early stage of friction Fe of the opposite metal transfers to CrN Mo2S2O2 intermediateproduct which is formed by MoDTC decomposition is formed on CrN divided into Fe oxide and Mo sulfide At this timecrystal orientation between Fe oxide and CrN is matching because the lattice constant of Fe oxide is twice that of CrN Theseresults show that the crystal structure of hard coatings is important for formation of stable interface And this newly knowledgeis necessary to achieve low friction for systems using hard coatings
1 ããšã¿èªåè»æ±æ¥æ¬(æ ª) æè¡éçºæšé²éšïŒ981-3609 å®®åçé»å·é¡å€§è¡¡æäžå€®å¹³ 1)Vehicle Development Dept TOYOTA MOTOR EAST JAPAN INCïŒ1 Chuodaira Ohiraâmura Kurokawaâgun Miyagi981-3609)
2 ã¢ã€ã·ã³ãšã€ãããªã¥(æ ª) æææè¡éšïŒ444-1192 æç¥çå®ååžè€äºçºé«æ ¹ 10)Material Engineering Dept AISIN AW CO LTDïŒ10 Takane Fujiiâcho Anjoâshi Aichi 444-1192)
3 æ±åå€§åŠ æªæ¥ç§åŠæè¡å ±åç 究ã»ã³ã¿ãŒïŒ980-8579 å®®åçä»å°åžéèåºèå·»åéè 6-6-10)New Industry Creation Hatchery Center Tohoku UniversityïŒ6-6-10 Aoba Aramakiâaza Aobaâku Sendaiâshi Miyagi980-8579)
4 æ±åå€§åŠ å€§åŠé¢å·¥åŠç 究ç§ïŒ980-8579 å®®åçä»å°åžéèåºèå·»åéè 6-6-01)Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering Tohoku UniversityïŒ6-6-01 Aoba Aramakiâaza Aobaâku SendaiâshiMiyagi 980-8579)
Corresponding authorEâmail ryoukoiketoyota-ejcojp
Ryo KOIKE1 Atsushi SUZUKI2 Kazue KURIHARA3 and Koshi ADACHI4
64-08-D19-00002 Page 2 190720 1650 v360
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Fig 1 Schematic drawing of ball-on-disk frictionapparatus
Table 1 Characteristic of hard coatings for ball specimen
CrN Cr11085301108530N Cr plating
Substrate SUS 440C SUS440C SUS440CFormingmethod
Arc ionplating(AIP)
Arc ionplating(AIP)
Electrolyticplating
Hardness 1324Hv 1447Hv 858Hv
Thickness 310495321049532m 310495321049532m 2010495321049532m
64-08-D19-00002 Page 3 190720 1650 v360
å 3micromã§æèãã硬質Cr ãã£ãã¯èå 20micromãšããäžæ¹ã®ãã£ã¹ã¯åºæ¿ã¯ææçš®ã軞åéŒïŒSUJ2ïŒãšããŒã«ãšåãæ¡ä»¶ã§ SUJ2 äžã«æèãã CrN ã®èš 2 çš®ãçšãããã£ã¹ã¯åºæ¿ã®ãµã€ãºã¯çŽåŸ 30mmåã 4mmã®ãã®ã§ããããããç åã«ãã Ra01810487531048753005 ã®ç²ãã«ä»äžããããŒã«ã®ããã«ãŒã¹ç¡¬ãã¯ãã€ã¯ãããã«ãŒã¹ç¡¬åºŠèšïŒå³¶æŽ¥è£œäœæ HMV-GïŒãçšã枬å®è·é 01Nä¿ææé 10 ç§ãšããŠæž¬å®ãããŸãæèããCrNããã³ Cr11085301108530Nã¯å šèªåæ°Žå¹³åå€ç®çXç·åæè£ çœ®ïŒãªã¬ã¯ SmartLabïŒã«ããXç·åæïŒXRDïŒãè¡ãè¡šé¢ã®çµæ¶æ§é ã確èªãã最æ»æ²¹ã¯åºæ²¹ã« 40åç²åºŠã 48 cSt100åç²åºŠã 8cSt ã§ããã㪠ãªã¬ãã£ã³ïŒPAO8ïŒãçšãMoDTCãšã«ã«ã·ãŠã ã¹ã«ãã©ããŒãããããã Mo åãšã㊠220ppmCa åãšã㊠120ppmæ·»å ãããã®ãçšããïŒä»¥äžæäžã«ãããŠã¯ MoDTC æ·»å æ²¹å³äžã«ãããŠã¯ Mo10486191048619CaPAO8 ãšç¥ãïŒ23 è¡šé¢èŠ³å¯ããã³åææ¹æ³è¡šé¢åœ¢ç¶ã®ææ¡ã«ã¯èµ°æ»åã¬ãŒã¶é¡åŸ®é¡ããã³èµ°æ»åãããŒãé¡åŸ®é¡ãäžäœãšãªã£ããããµãŒãé¡åŸ®é¡ïŒãªãªã³ãã¹è£œ LSM島接補äœæ補AFM SFT3500ïŒãçšãããŒã«ã®è¡šé¢èŠ³å¯ãè¡ã£ãè©Šéšéäžã«ããããã£ã¹ã¯ããã³ããŒã«æ©èçã®è¡šé¢ååŠåæã«ã¯èµ°æ»åé»åé¡åŸ®é¡ïŒæ¥ç«ãã€ãã¯è£œ SEM SU8020ïŒäžã§ãšãã«ã®ãŒåæ£åXç·ïŒEDXïŒãçšããŠçµæã®åæãè¡ã£ãEDXã«ããåæã§ã¯S K ç·(2307 keV)ãšMo L ç·ïŒ2293 keVïŒãéç³ããããMo éã«ã¯Mo K ç·ïŒ17441 eVïŒãçšããMoS 11085301108530ã®åæã«ã¯å ±çŠç¹ã¬ãŒã¶ã©ãã³åå è£ çœ®ïŒæ±äº¬ã€ã³ã¹ãã«ã¡ã³ãNanofinderïŒãçšãTable 2 ã®æ¡ä»¶ã§ã¹ãã¯ãã«ã枬å®ããããŒã«ãšãšãã«ãã£ã¹ã¯åŽã®æ¥è§Šé¢äžã®MoS11085301108530ã®ååšã調ã¹ãããã©ãã³åå åæçšã®è©Šéšçã®ã¿ãã£ã¹ã¯ã«æ·±ã 10micromå¹ 200micromã®æ³¢åã®æ¡çå å·¥ãäžæ¹åã«æœãããã®ãçšãæ©èããŠã§ãããã©ããŒéšã®åæãè¡ã£ã
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31 Cr çªåç©èã®æ§é Figure 2 ã«CrNãæœããããŒã«è©Šéšçã®æ©æŠåã® SEMå(a)(a)ã«ããããµã³ããªã³ã°ãšãª
506
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ãã©ã€ãããžã¹ã 第 64 å·» 第 8 å· (2019)
Instrument Nanofinder Lazer power 14mWExcitationwavelength 532 nm Grating 1800Gmm
Exposure time 1 sec Pinhole 9010495321049532m
Accumulations 600 cycles Objective 1048791104879120
Table 2 Measurement conditions for Raman
Fig 2 Surface and structure of CrN coated ball (a) surface SEMimage (b) cross section SEM image of sampling positionindicated on (a) (c) crystalline direction mapping from A1direction (IPF image of EBSD)
64-08-D19-00002 Page 4 190720 1650 v360
ã¢ã®æé¢ SEMå(b)EBSDã«ããçµæ¶æ¹äœãããã³ã°(c)ã瀺ããã®çµæ¶æ¹äœãããã³ã°ã¯å³äžã®A1 æ¹åã€ãŸãèåæ¹åã«åããŠããçµæ¶æ¹äœã®ååžã§ããããã«Fig 3 ã«ã¯ããŒã«ã«æœãã CrN ããã³ Cr11085301108530N ã® X ç·åæã®ã¹ãã¯ãã«ã瀺ããããããCrNèã¯åºæä»è¿ã§ã¯ïŒ200ïŒæ¹åã«æé·ããŠãããè¡šé¢ã§ã¯ïŒ1 1 1ïŒé¢ãïŒ31 1ïŒé¢ãååšããã©ã³ãã ãªçµæ¶æ¹äœã§ããããšãåããCr11085301108530N ãåæ§ã«æ§ã ãªçµæ¶é¢ãæã€èã§ããããšãåãã32 硬質ã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°çš®ãæ©æŠç¹æ§ã«å
ãŒã圱é¿åºæ²¹ïŒPAO8ïŒäžããã³MoDTC æ·»å æ²¹äžã«ããã CrN ãæèããããŒã«ãš SUJ2 ãã£ã¹ã¯ã®å žåçãªæ©æŠç¹æ§ã Fig 4 ã«ç€ºãMoDTCæ·»å æ²¹äžã«ãããŠã®ã¿åæããæ©æŠãäœäžãå®å®ããæ©æŠã瀺ãããšããMoDTCã«èµ·å ãããã©ã€
ããã£ã«ã ã®åœ¢æã«ããæ©æŠä¿æ°ãäœæžããããšãæšå¯ã§ããTable 1 ã«ç€ºã 3 çš®é¡ã®ç¡¬è³ªã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ãMoDTCæ·»å æ²¹äžã§ SUJ2 ãã£ã¹ã¯ãšæ©æŠããæã®å žåçãªæ©æŠç¹æ§ãFig 5 ã«ç€ºãåèãšã㊠CrN ãã£ã¹ã¯ãš CrN ããŒã«ãæ©æŠããçµæãåæã«ç€ºãCrN ãšç¡¬è³ª Cr ãã£ããæœããããŒã«ãçšãSUJ2 ãã£ã¹ã¯ãšæ©æŠããå Žåã¯æ©æŠãåæããäœäžãå®å®ããæ©æŠä¿æ°ã瀺ãäžæ¹ã§ Cr11085301108530N㯠CrN ãšåã Cr ã®çªåç©ã§ãããªããæ©æŠã¯äœäžããªãããšãåããããã« CrN ããŒã«ãš CrN ãã£ã¹ã¯ãæ©æŠããå Žåã«ãæ©æŠãäœäžããŠããã硬質ã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã®çžææãšã㊠Fe ã®ååšãéèŠã§ããããšã瀺åããã33 ããŒã«æ©èçãžã® Fe ã®ç§»ç32 ç¯ã§ç€ºããçµæã¯ç¡¬è³ªã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã®æ©æŠã«ãããŠçžææã§ãã SUJ2 äžã® Fe ã®ååšãå¿ èŠã§ããããšã瀺åãããã®ã§ãããã®èŠå ã解æããããSUJ2 ããã£ã¹ã¯æãšããŠäžå®ã®æ©æŠè·é¢ãŸãã¯æ©æŠä¿æ°ãšãªã£ãã¿ã€ãã³ã°ã§è©Šéšãåæ¢ãïŒFig 6 ã«ãã®äžäŸã瀺ãïŒæ©æŠè·é¢ã®ç°ãªããµã³ãã«ãäœè£œãæ©èçã®ååŠçµæãåæããFigure 7 ã«ãã®æ©æŠéçšã«ãããCrN ããŒã«æ©èçã® EDX ã«ãã FeMoO ã®åå®éå€ã®å€åã瀺ããã®éæ©èçå€ããã¯Feãæ€åºãããããŒã«æ©èçã«ååšããFeã¯ãã£ã¹ã¯æã§ãã SUJ2 ãã移çãããã®ã§ãããšæå®ã§ããEDXã«ããå®é粟床ã¯äœããã®ã®Fe ã¯æ©æŠåæã«å€ãååšãæ©æŠãäœäžããéçšã«ãããŠåŸã ã«æžå°ããåŸåãèŠãããäžæ¹
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Fig 3 X-ray diffraction spectrum of CrN ball andCr11085301108530N ball by â2 method
Fig 4 Friction properties of CrN ball sliding againstSUJ2 disk with PAO8 and MoDTC contained oil
Fig 5 Friction properties of various hard coatingssliding against SUJ2 disk in MoDTC contained oil
64-08-D19-00002 Page 5 190720 1650 v360
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Fig 6 Example of friction test of CrN sliding againstSUJ2 disk in MoDTC contained oil
Fig 7 Changes of chemical composition of CrN ball scar
Fig 8 Changes of Fe concentration on various hardcoated balls
Fig 9 Raman spectra around MoS11085301108530 peak (a) CrN ball (b) Cr11085301108530N ball
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1) M MANNI amp S FLORIOAn Experimental Evaluation ofthe Impact of Ultra Low Viscosity Engine Oils on FuelEconomy and CO11085301108530 Emissions SAE International 2013-01-2566 (2013)
2) Y OKUYAMA D SHIMOKOJI T SAKURAI amp MMARUYAMAStudy of Low-Viscosity Engine Oil on FuelEconomy and Engine Reliability SAE International2011-01-1247 (2011)
3) G BARBEZATAdvanced Thermal Spray Technologyand Coating for Lightweight Engine Blocks for theAutomotive Industry Surface amp Coatings Technology200 (2005) 1990
4) K BOBZIN F ERNST K RICHARDT T SCHLAEFER CVERPOORT amp G FLORESThermal Spraying of CylinderBores with the Plasma Transferred Wire Arc ProcessSurface amp Coatings Technology 202 (2008) 4438
5) Y YAMAMOTO et alFrictional Characteristics ofMolybdenum Dithiophosphates Wear 112 (1986) 79
6) J GRAHAM H SPIKES amp S KORCEKThe FrictionReducing Properties of MolybdenumDialkyldithiocarbamate Additives Part IFactorsInfluencing Friction Reduction Tribology Transactions44 4 (2001) 626
7) J GRAHAM H SPIKES amp R JENSENThe FrictionReducing Properties of MolybdenumDialkyldithiocarbamate Additives Part IIDurabilityof Friction Reducing Capability Tribology Transactions44 4 (2001) 637
8) M I De BARROS J BOUCHET I RAOULT Th Le MOGNE
J M MARTIN M KASRAI amp Y YAMADAFrictionReduction by Metal Sulfides in Boundary LubricationStudied by XPS and XANES Analyses Wear 254 9(2003) 863
9) M I De Barros BOUCHET J M MARTIN T Le-MOGNE ampB VACHERBoundary Lubrication Mechanisms ofCarbon Coatings by MoDTC and ZDDP AdditivesTribology International 38 3 (2005) 257
10) C GROSSIORD K VARLOT J M MARTIN Th Le MOGNEC ESNOUF amp K INOUEMoS11085301108530 Single Sheet Lubricationby Molybdenum Dithiocarbamate TribologyInternational 31 12 (1998) 737
11) A MORINA A NEVILLE M PRIEST amp J H GREENZDDPand MoDTC Interactions and Their Effect onTribological Performance âTribofilm Characteristicsand Its Evolution Tribology Letters 24 3 (2006) 243
12) D N KHAEMBA A NEVILLE amp A MORINANew Insightson the Decomposition Mechanism of MolybdenumDialkyldithiocarbamate (MoDTC) A RamanSpectroscopic Study RSC Advances 45 6 ( 2016 )38637
13) Y RAI A NEVILLE amp A MORINATransient Processesof MoS11085301108530 Tribofilm Formation under BoundaryLubrication Lubrication Science 28 (2016) 449
14) B C WINDOM W G SAWYER amp D W HAHNA RamanSpectroscopic Study of MoS 11085301108530 and MoO 11085311108531 Applicationsto Tribological Systems Tribology Letters 42 (2011)301
15) C G HILL Jr amp J H Wilson IIIRaman Spectroscopy ofIron Molybdate Catalyst Systems Part I Preparation ofUnsupported Catalysts Journal of Molecular Catalysis63 (1990) 65
16) M IIZUMI T F KOETZLE G SHIRANE S CHIKAZUMI MMATSUI amp S TODOStructure of Magnetite (Fe11085311108531O11085321108532)below the Verwey Transition Temperature ActaCrystallographica Section B38 (1982) 2121
17) J D BROWNE P R LIDDELL R STREET amp T MILLSAnInvestigation of the Antiferromagnetic Transition ofCrN Physica Status Solidi A 1 (1970) 715
18) æ¥æ¬çµæ¶æé·åŠäŒçµæ¶æé·ãã³ãããã¯ å ±ç«åºç(1995) 699
19) S J KIM T MARQUART amp H F FRANZENStructureRefinement for Cr11085301108530 N Journal of the Less CommonMetals 158 1 (1990) L9-L10
20) å°æ± éŽæšæ å足ç«MoDTCæ²¹äžã®éå±å士ã®æ©æŠã«ãã圢æãããåå¿èæ§é ã«å¯Ÿããéå±çµæã®åœ±é¿ãã©ã€ãããžãŒäŒè° 2016 æ¥ æ±äº¬ äºçš¿é (2016) A3
21) é§å Žè¿è€éŽæšæ å森MoDTCæ·»å æ²¹ã®æœ€æ»å¹æã«å¯Ÿãã枩床ã®åœ±é¿ âæ©æŠä¿æ°ã®æž©åºŠäŸåãšå¢ç最æ»èæ§é â ãã©ã€ãããžã¹ã 62 11 (2017) 703
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Fig 1 Schematic drawing of ball-on-disk frictionapparatus
Table 1 Characteristic of hard coatings for ball specimen
CrN Cr11085301108530N Cr plating
Substrate SUS 440C SUS440C SUS440CFormingmethod
Arc ionplating(AIP)
Arc ionplating(AIP)
Electrolyticplating
Hardness 1324Hv 1447Hv 858Hv
Thickness 310495321049532m 310495321049532m 2010495321049532m
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å 3micromã§æèãã硬質Cr ãã£ãã¯èå 20micromãšããäžæ¹ã®ãã£ã¹ã¯åºæ¿ã¯ææçš®ã軞åéŒïŒSUJ2ïŒãšããŒã«ãšåãæ¡ä»¶ã§ SUJ2 äžã«æèãã CrN ã®èš 2 çš®ãçšãããã£ã¹ã¯åºæ¿ã®ãµã€ãºã¯çŽåŸ 30mmåã 4mmã®ãã®ã§ããããããç åã«ãã Ra01810487531048753005 ã®ç²ãã«ä»äžããããŒã«ã®ããã«ãŒã¹ç¡¬ãã¯ãã€ã¯ãããã«ãŒã¹ç¡¬åºŠèšïŒå³¶æŽ¥è£œäœæ HMV-GïŒãçšã枬å®è·é 01Nä¿ææé 10 ç§ãšããŠæž¬å®ãããŸãæèããCrNããã³ Cr11085301108530Nã¯å šèªåæ°Žå¹³åå€ç®çXç·åæè£ çœ®ïŒãªã¬ã¯ SmartLabïŒã«ããXç·åæïŒXRDïŒãè¡ãè¡šé¢ã®çµæ¶æ§é ã確èªãã最æ»æ²¹ã¯åºæ²¹ã« 40åç²åºŠã 48 cSt100åç²åºŠã 8cSt ã§ããã㪠ãªã¬ãã£ã³ïŒPAO8ïŒãçšãMoDTCãšã«ã«ã·ãŠã ã¹ã«ãã©ããŒãããããã Mo åãšã㊠220ppmCa åãšã㊠120ppmæ·»å ãããã®ãçšããïŒä»¥äžæäžã«ãããŠã¯ MoDTC æ·»å æ²¹å³äžã«ãããŠã¯ Mo10486191048619CaPAO8 ãšç¥ãïŒ23 è¡šé¢èŠ³å¯ããã³åææ¹æ³è¡šé¢åœ¢ç¶ã®ææ¡ã«ã¯èµ°æ»åã¬ãŒã¶é¡åŸ®é¡ããã³èµ°æ»åãããŒãé¡åŸ®é¡ãäžäœãšãªã£ããããµãŒãé¡åŸ®é¡ïŒãªãªã³ãã¹è£œ LSM島接補äœæ補AFM SFT3500ïŒãçšãããŒã«ã®è¡šé¢èŠ³å¯ãè¡ã£ãè©Šéšéäžã«ããããã£ã¹ã¯ããã³ããŒã«æ©èçã®è¡šé¢ååŠåæã«ã¯èµ°æ»åé»åé¡åŸ®é¡ïŒæ¥ç«ãã€ãã¯è£œ SEM SU8020ïŒäžã§ãšãã«ã®ãŒåæ£åXç·ïŒEDXïŒãçšããŠçµæã®åæãè¡ã£ãEDXã«ããåæã§ã¯S K ç·(2307 keV)ãšMo L ç·ïŒ2293 keVïŒãéç³ããããMo éã«ã¯Mo K ç·ïŒ17441 eVïŒãçšããMoS 11085301108530ã®åæã«ã¯å ±çŠç¹ã¬ãŒã¶ã©ãã³åå è£ çœ®ïŒæ±äº¬ã€ã³ã¹ãã«ã¡ã³ãNanofinderïŒãçšãTable 2 ã®æ¡ä»¶ã§ã¹ãã¯ãã«ã枬å®ããããŒã«ãšãšãã«ãã£ã¹ã¯åŽã®æ¥è§Šé¢äžã®MoS11085301108530ã®ååšã調ã¹ãããã©ãã³åå åæçšã®è©Šéšçã®ã¿ãã£ã¹ã¯ã«æ·±ã 10micromå¹ 200micromã®æ³¢åã®æ¡çå å·¥ãäžæ¹åã«æœãããã®ãçšãæ©èããŠã§ãããã©ããŒéšã®åæãè¡ã£ã
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Instrument Nanofinder Lazer power 14mWExcitationwavelength 532 nm Grating 1800Gmm
Exposure time 1 sec Pinhole 9010495321049532m
Accumulations 600 cycles Objective 1048791104879120
Table 2 Measurement conditions for Raman
Fig 2 Surface and structure of CrN coated ball (a) surface SEMimage (b) cross section SEM image of sampling positionindicated on (a) (c) crystalline direction mapping from A1direction (IPF image of EBSD)
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Fig 3 X-ray diffraction spectrum of CrN ball andCr11085301108530N ball by â2 method
Fig 4 Friction properties of CrN ball sliding againstSUJ2 disk with PAO8 and MoDTC contained oil
Fig 5 Friction properties of various hard coatingssliding against SUJ2 disk in MoDTC contained oil
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Fig 6 Example of friction test of CrN sliding againstSUJ2 disk in MoDTC contained oil
Fig 7 Changes of chemical composition of CrN ball scar
Fig 8 Changes of Fe concentration on various hardcoated balls
Fig 9 Raman spectra around MoS11085301108530 peak (a) CrN ball (b) Cr11085301108530N ball
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1) M MANNI amp S FLORIOAn Experimental Evaluation ofthe Impact of Ultra Low Viscosity Engine Oils on FuelEconomy and CO11085301108530 Emissions SAE International 2013-01-2566 (2013)
2) Y OKUYAMA D SHIMOKOJI T SAKURAI amp MMARUYAMAStudy of Low-Viscosity Engine Oil on FuelEconomy and Engine Reliability SAE International2011-01-1247 (2011)
3) G BARBEZATAdvanced Thermal Spray Technologyand Coating for Lightweight Engine Blocks for theAutomotive Industry Surface amp Coatings Technology200 (2005) 1990
4) K BOBZIN F ERNST K RICHARDT T SCHLAEFER CVERPOORT amp G FLORESThermal Spraying of CylinderBores with the Plasma Transferred Wire Arc ProcessSurface amp Coatings Technology 202 (2008) 4438
5) Y YAMAMOTO et alFrictional Characteristics ofMolybdenum Dithiophosphates Wear 112 (1986) 79
6) J GRAHAM H SPIKES amp S KORCEKThe FrictionReducing Properties of MolybdenumDialkyldithiocarbamate Additives Part IFactorsInfluencing Friction Reduction Tribology Transactions44 4 (2001) 626
7) J GRAHAM H SPIKES amp R JENSENThe FrictionReducing Properties of MolybdenumDialkyldithiocarbamate Additives Part IIDurabilityof Friction Reducing Capability Tribology Transactions44 4 (2001) 637
8) M I De BARROS J BOUCHET I RAOULT Th Le MOGNE
J M MARTIN M KASRAI amp Y YAMADAFrictionReduction by Metal Sulfides in Boundary LubricationStudied by XPS and XANES Analyses Wear 254 9(2003) 863
9) M I De Barros BOUCHET J M MARTIN T Le-MOGNE ampB VACHERBoundary Lubrication Mechanisms ofCarbon Coatings by MoDTC and ZDDP AdditivesTribology International 38 3 (2005) 257
10) C GROSSIORD K VARLOT J M MARTIN Th Le MOGNEC ESNOUF amp K INOUEMoS11085301108530 Single Sheet Lubricationby Molybdenum Dithiocarbamate TribologyInternational 31 12 (1998) 737
11) A MORINA A NEVILLE M PRIEST amp J H GREENZDDPand MoDTC Interactions and Their Effect onTribological Performance âTribofilm Characteristicsand Its Evolution Tribology Letters 24 3 (2006) 243
12) D N KHAEMBA A NEVILLE amp A MORINANew Insightson the Decomposition Mechanism of MolybdenumDialkyldithiocarbamate (MoDTC) A RamanSpectroscopic Study RSC Advances 45 6 ( 2016 )38637
13) Y RAI A NEVILLE amp A MORINATransient Processesof MoS11085301108530 Tribofilm Formation under BoundaryLubrication Lubrication Science 28 (2016) 449
14) B C WINDOM W G SAWYER amp D W HAHNA RamanSpectroscopic Study of MoS 11085301108530 and MoO 11085311108531 Applicationsto Tribological Systems Tribology Letters 42 (2011)301
15) C G HILL Jr amp J H Wilson IIIRaman Spectroscopy ofIron Molybdate Catalyst Systems Part I Preparation ofUnsupported Catalysts Journal of Molecular Catalysis63 (1990) 65
16) M IIZUMI T F KOETZLE G SHIRANE S CHIKAZUMI MMATSUI amp S TODOStructure of Magnetite (Fe11085311108531O11085321108532)below the Verwey Transition Temperature ActaCrystallographica Section B38 (1982) 2121
17) J D BROWNE P R LIDDELL R STREET amp T MILLSAnInvestigation of the Antiferromagnetic Transition ofCrN Physica Status Solidi A 1 (1970) 715
18) æ¥æ¬çµæ¶æé·åŠäŒçµæ¶æé·ãã³ãããã¯ å ±ç«åºç(1995) 699
19) S J KIM T MARQUART amp H F FRANZENStructureRefinement for Cr11085301108530 N Journal of the Less CommonMetals 158 1 (1990) L9-L10
20) å°æ± éŽæšæ å足ç«MoDTCæ²¹äžã®éå±å士ã®æ©æŠã«ãã圢æãããåå¿èæ§é ã«å¯Ÿããéå±çµæã®åœ±é¿ãã©ã€ãããžãŒäŒè° 2016 æ¥ æ±äº¬ äºçš¿é (2016) A3
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Instrument Nanofinder Lazer power 14mWExcitationwavelength 532 nm Grating 1800Gmm
Exposure time 1 sec Pinhole 9010495321049532m
Accumulations 600 cycles Objective 1048791104879120
Table 2 Measurement conditions for Raman
Fig 2 Surface and structure of CrN coated ball (a) surface SEMimage (b) cross section SEM image of sampling positionindicated on (a) (c) crystalline direction mapping from A1direction (IPF image of EBSD)
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Fig 3 X-ray diffraction spectrum of CrN ball andCr11085301108530N ball by â2 method
Fig 4 Friction properties of CrN ball sliding againstSUJ2 disk with PAO8 and MoDTC contained oil
Fig 5 Friction properties of various hard coatingssliding against SUJ2 disk in MoDTC contained oil
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Fig 6 Example of friction test of CrN sliding againstSUJ2 disk in MoDTC contained oil
Fig 7 Changes of chemical composition of CrN ball scar
Fig 8 Changes of Fe concentration on various hardcoated balls
Fig 9 Raman spectra around MoS11085301108530 peak (a) CrN ball (b) Cr11085301108530N ball
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åãããŠãã10)ãŸãéå±å士ã®æ©æŠã«ãããŠç¹ã« Cr ãå«ãææäžã«ã¯ãã©ã€ããã£ã«ã ãšåºæã®éã« Cr é žåç©ãååšããããšãåãã£ãŠãã20)ã€ãŸãMoDTCã®å解éçšã«ãããŠäžéçæç©ããMoS11085301108530ãçæããããã«ãã©ã€ããã£ã«ã ã®åºæåŽã«é žåç©ã圢æããããšãããç¡«åç©ã§ããMoS11085301108530ããã©ã€ããã£ã«ã è¡šå±€åŽã«åœ¢æãããã«ã®ã§ããããšãæšå®ã§ãããã®ããšããèèªäœã«åå¿æ§ãæããªã硬質ã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã«ãããŠçžææããã®ç§»çãã Fe ãçµæ¶åŠçã«å®å®ãªé žåç©ãåºæåŽã«åœ¢æããããšãè¡šå±€åŽãžã®MoS11085301108530ã®åœ¢æã«å¯äžãããšèããããæ ã«å®å®ããäœæ©æŠã®ããã«ã¯ç¡¬è³ªã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã®çµæ¶æ§ãäžã€ã®éèŠãªåœ¹å²ãæãããšèšãã43 åå¿éçšã«åãŒã硬質ã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°
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Fig 14 Schematic image of tribo-film forming process (a) CrN (b) Cr11085301108530N (c) Cr plating
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(3) CrN ãš SUJ2 ã®æ©æŠã«ãããŠCrNã«ç§»çãã Fe ãMoDTC ãšã®åå¿ã«å¯äžããããå®å®ããäœãæ©æŠãç¶æããããã«ã¯ç¶ç¶çãªãã©ã€ããã£ã«ã ã®ã¯ãé¢ãš Fe ã®ç§»çãå¿ èŠãªããšãæããã«ãã
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1) M MANNI amp S FLORIOAn Experimental Evaluation ofthe Impact of Ultra Low Viscosity Engine Oils on FuelEconomy and CO11085301108530 Emissions SAE International 2013-01-2566 (2013)
2) Y OKUYAMA D SHIMOKOJI T SAKURAI amp MMARUYAMAStudy of Low-Viscosity Engine Oil on FuelEconomy and Engine Reliability SAE International2011-01-1247 (2011)
3) G BARBEZATAdvanced Thermal Spray Technologyand Coating for Lightweight Engine Blocks for theAutomotive Industry Surface amp Coatings Technology200 (2005) 1990
4) K BOBZIN F ERNST K RICHARDT T SCHLAEFER CVERPOORT amp G FLORESThermal Spraying of CylinderBores with the Plasma Transferred Wire Arc ProcessSurface amp Coatings Technology 202 (2008) 4438
5) Y YAMAMOTO et alFrictional Characteristics ofMolybdenum Dithiophosphates Wear 112 (1986) 79
6) J GRAHAM H SPIKES amp S KORCEKThe FrictionReducing Properties of MolybdenumDialkyldithiocarbamate Additives Part IFactorsInfluencing Friction Reduction Tribology Transactions44 4 (2001) 626
7) J GRAHAM H SPIKES amp R JENSENThe FrictionReducing Properties of MolybdenumDialkyldithiocarbamate Additives Part IIDurabilityof Friction Reducing Capability Tribology Transactions44 4 (2001) 637
8) M I De BARROS J BOUCHET I RAOULT Th Le MOGNE
J M MARTIN M KASRAI amp Y YAMADAFrictionReduction by Metal Sulfides in Boundary LubricationStudied by XPS and XANES Analyses Wear 254 9(2003) 863
9) M I De Barros BOUCHET J M MARTIN T Le-MOGNE ampB VACHERBoundary Lubrication Mechanisms ofCarbon Coatings by MoDTC and ZDDP AdditivesTribology International 38 3 (2005) 257
10) C GROSSIORD K VARLOT J M MARTIN Th Le MOGNEC ESNOUF amp K INOUEMoS11085301108530 Single Sheet Lubricationby Molybdenum Dithiocarbamate TribologyInternational 31 12 (1998) 737
11) A MORINA A NEVILLE M PRIEST amp J H GREENZDDPand MoDTC Interactions and Their Effect onTribological Performance âTribofilm Characteristicsand Its Evolution Tribology Letters 24 3 (2006) 243
12) D N KHAEMBA A NEVILLE amp A MORINANew Insightson the Decomposition Mechanism of MolybdenumDialkyldithiocarbamate (MoDTC) A RamanSpectroscopic Study RSC Advances 45 6 ( 2016 )38637
13) Y RAI A NEVILLE amp A MORINATransient Processesof MoS11085301108530 Tribofilm Formation under BoundaryLubrication Lubrication Science 28 (2016) 449
14) B C WINDOM W G SAWYER amp D W HAHNA RamanSpectroscopic Study of MoS 11085301108530 and MoO 11085311108531 Applicationsto Tribological Systems Tribology Letters 42 (2011)301
15) C G HILL Jr amp J H Wilson IIIRaman Spectroscopy ofIron Molybdate Catalyst Systems Part I Preparation ofUnsupported Catalysts Journal of Molecular Catalysis63 (1990) 65
16) M IIZUMI T F KOETZLE G SHIRANE S CHIKAZUMI MMATSUI amp S TODOStructure of Magnetite (Fe11085311108531O11085321108532)below the Verwey Transition Temperature ActaCrystallographica Section B38 (1982) 2121
17) J D BROWNE P R LIDDELL R STREET amp T MILLSAnInvestigation of the Antiferromagnetic Transition ofCrN Physica Status Solidi A 1 (1970) 715
18) æ¥æ¬çµæ¶æé·åŠäŒçµæ¶æé·ãã³ãããã¯ å ±ç«åºç(1995) 699
19) S J KIM T MARQUART amp H F FRANZENStructureRefinement for Cr11085301108530 N Journal of the Less CommonMetals 158 1 (1990) L9-L10
20) å°æ± éŽæšæ å足ç«MoDTCæ²¹äžã®éå±å士ã®æ©æŠã«ãã圢æãããåå¿èæ§é ã«å¯Ÿããéå±çµæã®åœ±é¿ãã©ã€ãããžãŒäŒè° 2016 æ¥ æ±äº¬ äºçš¿é (2016) A3
21) é§å Žè¿è€éŽæšæ å森MoDTCæ·»å æ²¹ã®æœ€æ»å¹æã«å¯Ÿãã枩床ã®åœ±é¿ âæ©æŠä¿æ°ã®æž©åºŠäŸåãšå¢ç最æ»èæ§é â ãã©ã€ãããžã¹ã 62 11 (2017) 703
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Fig 3 X-ray diffraction spectrum of CrN ball andCr11085301108530N ball by â2 method
Fig 4 Friction properties of CrN ball sliding againstSUJ2 disk with PAO8 and MoDTC contained oil
Fig 5 Friction properties of various hard coatingssliding against SUJ2 disk in MoDTC contained oil
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Fig 6 Example of friction test of CrN sliding againstSUJ2 disk in MoDTC contained oil
Fig 7 Changes of chemical composition of CrN ball scar
Fig 8 Changes of Fe concentration on various hardcoated balls
Fig 9 Raman spectra around MoS11085301108530 peak (a) CrN ball (b) Cr11085301108530N ball
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Fig 10 Cross section image of reaction film on Cr11085301108530N sliding against SUJ2(a) TEM bright field image (b) element mapping by EDX atsquare area in (a)
Fig 11 Cross section image of reaction film on CrN sliding against SUJ2(a) TEM bright field image (b) element mapping by EDX atsquare area in (a)
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Fig 12 Cross section detail image of nano interface on CrN sliding against SUJ2 (a) STEM bright filedimage of tribo-film (b) annular dark field image of Fe interface (c) simulated crystal structure ofFe11085311108531O11085321108532 (d) diffraction pattern at Fe interface
Fig 13 Schematic image of crystal matching statebetween CrN (NaCl cubic crystal) and Fe11085311108531O11085321108532
(spinel structure cubic crystal)
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1) M MANNI amp S FLORIOAn Experimental Evaluation ofthe Impact of Ultra Low Viscosity Engine Oils on FuelEconomy and CO11085301108530 Emissions SAE International 2013-01-2566 (2013)
2) Y OKUYAMA D SHIMOKOJI T SAKURAI amp MMARUYAMAStudy of Low-Viscosity Engine Oil on FuelEconomy and Engine Reliability SAE International2011-01-1247 (2011)
3) G BARBEZATAdvanced Thermal Spray Technologyand Coating for Lightweight Engine Blocks for theAutomotive Industry Surface amp Coatings Technology200 (2005) 1990
4) K BOBZIN F ERNST K RICHARDT T SCHLAEFER CVERPOORT amp G FLORESThermal Spraying of CylinderBores with the Plasma Transferred Wire Arc ProcessSurface amp Coatings Technology 202 (2008) 4438
5) Y YAMAMOTO et alFrictional Characteristics ofMolybdenum Dithiophosphates Wear 112 (1986) 79
6) J GRAHAM H SPIKES amp S KORCEKThe FrictionReducing Properties of MolybdenumDialkyldithiocarbamate Additives Part IFactorsInfluencing Friction Reduction Tribology Transactions44 4 (2001) 626
7) J GRAHAM H SPIKES amp R JENSENThe FrictionReducing Properties of MolybdenumDialkyldithiocarbamate Additives Part IIDurabilityof Friction Reducing Capability Tribology Transactions44 4 (2001) 637
8) M I De BARROS J BOUCHET I RAOULT Th Le MOGNE
J M MARTIN M KASRAI amp Y YAMADAFrictionReduction by Metal Sulfides in Boundary LubricationStudied by XPS and XANES Analyses Wear 254 9(2003) 863
9) M I De Barros BOUCHET J M MARTIN T Le-MOGNE ampB VACHERBoundary Lubrication Mechanisms ofCarbon Coatings by MoDTC and ZDDP AdditivesTribology International 38 3 (2005) 257
10) C GROSSIORD K VARLOT J M MARTIN Th Le MOGNEC ESNOUF amp K INOUEMoS11085301108530 Single Sheet Lubricationby Molybdenum Dithiocarbamate TribologyInternational 31 12 (1998) 737
11) A MORINA A NEVILLE M PRIEST amp J H GREENZDDPand MoDTC Interactions and Their Effect onTribological Performance âTribofilm Characteristicsand Its Evolution Tribology Letters 24 3 (2006) 243
12) D N KHAEMBA A NEVILLE amp A MORINANew Insightson the Decomposition Mechanism of MolybdenumDialkyldithiocarbamate (MoDTC) A RamanSpectroscopic Study RSC Advances 45 6 ( 2016 )38637
13) Y RAI A NEVILLE amp A MORINATransient Processesof MoS11085301108530 Tribofilm Formation under BoundaryLubrication Lubrication Science 28 (2016) 449
14) B C WINDOM W G SAWYER amp D W HAHNA RamanSpectroscopic Study of MoS 11085301108530 and MoO 11085311108531 Applicationsto Tribological Systems Tribology Letters 42 (2011)301
15) C G HILL Jr amp J H Wilson IIIRaman Spectroscopy ofIron Molybdate Catalyst Systems Part I Preparation ofUnsupported Catalysts Journal of Molecular Catalysis63 (1990) 65
16) M IIZUMI T F KOETZLE G SHIRANE S CHIKAZUMI MMATSUI amp S TODOStructure of Magnetite (Fe11085311108531O11085321108532)below the Verwey Transition Temperature ActaCrystallographica Section B38 (1982) 2121
17) J D BROWNE P R LIDDELL R STREET amp T MILLSAnInvestigation of the Antiferromagnetic Transition ofCrN Physica Status Solidi A 1 (1970) 715
18) æ¥æ¬çµæ¶æé·åŠäŒçµæ¶æé·ãã³ãããã¯ å ±ç«åºç(1995) 699
19) S J KIM T MARQUART amp H F FRANZENStructureRefinement for Cr11085301108530 N Journal of the Less CommonMetals 158 1 (1990) L9-L10
20) å°æ± éŽæšæ å足ç«MoDTCæ²¹äžã®éå±å士ã®æ©æŠã«ãã圢æãããåå¿èæ§é ã«å¯Ÿããéå±çµæã®åœ±é¿ãã©ã€ãããžãŒäŒè° 2016 æ¥ æ±äº¬ äºçš¿é (2016) A3
21) é§å Žè¿è€éŽæšæ å森MoDTCæ·»å æ²¹ã®æœ€æ»å¹æã«å¯Ÿãã枩床ã®åœ±é¿ âæ©æŠä¿æ°ã®æž©åºŠäŸåãšå¢ç最æ»èæ§é â ãã©ã€ãããžã¹ã 62 11 (2017) 703
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Fig 6 Example of friction test of CrN sliding againstSUJ2 disk in MoDTC contained oil
Fig 7 Changes of chemical composition of CrN ball scar
Fig 8 Changes of Fe concentration on various hardcoated balls
Fig 9 Raman spectra around MoS11085301108530 peak (a) CrN ball (b) Cr11085301108530N ball
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1) M MANNI amp S FLORIOAn Experimental Evaluation ofthe Impact of Ultra Low Viscosity Engine Oils on FuelEconomy and CO11085301108530 Emissions SAE International 2013-01-2566 (2013)
2) Y OKUYAMA D SHIMOKOJI T SAKURAI amp MMARUYAMAStudy of Low-Viscosity Engine Oil on FuelEconomy and Engine Reliability SAE International2011-01-1247 (2011)
3) G BARBEZATAdvanced Thermal Spray Technologyand Coating for Lightweight Engine Blocks for theAutomotive Industry Surface amp Coatings Technology200 (2005) 1990
4) K BOBZIN F ERNST K RICHARDT T SCHLAEFER CVERPOORT amp G FLORESThermal Spraying of CylinderBores with the Plasma Transferred Wire Arc ProcessSurface amp Coatings Technology 202 (2008) 4438
5) Y YAMAMOTO et alFrictional Characteristics ofMolybdenum Dithiophosphates Wear 112 (1986) 79
6) J GRAHAM H SPIKES amp S KORCEKThe FrictionReducing Properties of MolybdenumDialkyldithiocarbamate Additives Part IFactorsInfluencing Friction Reduction Tribology Transactions44 4 (2001) 626
7) J GRAHAM H SPIKES amp R JENSENThe FrictionReducing Properties of MolybdenumDialkyldithiocarbamate Additives Part IIDurabilityof Friction Reducing Capability Tribology Transactions44 4 (2001) 637
8) M I De BARROS J BOUCHET I RAOULT Th Le MOGNE
J M MARTIN M KASRAI amp Y YAMADAFrictionReduction by Metal Sulfides in Boundary LubricationStudied by XPS and XANES Analyses Wear 254 9(2003) 863
9) M I De Barros BOUCHET J M MARTIN T Le-MOGNE ampB VACHERBoundary Lubrication Mechanisms ofCarbon Coatings by MoDTC and ZDDP AdditivesTribology International 38 3 (2005) 257
10) C GROSSIORD K VARLOT J M MARTIN Th Le MOGNEC ESNOUF amp K INOUEMoS11085301108530 Single Sheet Lubricationby Molybdenum Dithiocarbamate TribologyInternational 31 12 (1998) 737
11) A MORINA A NEVILLE M PRIEST amp J H GREENZDDPand MoDTC Interactions and Their Effect onTribological Performance âTribofilm Characteristicsand Its Evolution Tribology Letters 24 3 (2006) 243
12) D N KHAEMBA A NEVILLE amp A MORINANew Insightson the Decomposition Mechanism of MolybdenumDialkyldithiocarbamate (MoDTC) A RamanSpectroscopic Study RSC Advances 45 6 ( 2016 )38637
13) Y RAI A NEVILLE amp A MORINATransient Processesof MoS11085301108530 Tribofilm Formation under BoundaryLubrication Lubrication Science 28 (2016) 449
14) B C WINDOM W G SAWYER amp D W HAHNA RamanSpectroscopic Study of MoS 11085301108530 and MoO 11085311108531 Applicationsto Tribological Systems Tribology Letters 42 (2011)301
15) C G HILL Jr amp J H Wilson IIIRaman Spectroscopy ofIron Molybdate Catalyst Systems Part I Preparation ofUnsupported Catalysts Journal of Molecular Catalysis63 (1990) 65
16) M IIZUMI T F KOETZLE G SHIRANE S CHIKAZUMI MMATSUI amp S TODOStructure of Magnetite (Fe11085311108531O11085321108532)below the Verwey Transition Temperature ActaCrystallographica Section B38 (1982) 2121
17) J D BROWNE P R LIDDELL R STREET amp T MILLSAnInvestigation of the Antiferromagnetic Transition ofCrN Physica Status Solidi A 1 (1970) 715
18) æ¥æ¬çµæ¶æé·åŠäŒçµæ¶æé·ãã³ãããã¯ å ±ç«åºç(1995) 699
19) S J KIM T MARQUART amp H F FRANZENStructureRefinement for Cr11085301108530 N Journal of the Less CommonMetals 158 1 (1990) L9-L10
20) å°æ± éŽæšæ å足ç«MoDTCæ²¹äžã®éå±å士ã®æ©æŠã«ãã圢æãããåå¿èæ§é ã«å¯Ÿããéå±çµæã®åœ±é¿ãã©ã€ãããžãŒäŒè° 2016 æ¥ æ±äº¬ äºçš¿é (2016) A3
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1) M MANNI amp S FLORIOAn Experimental Evaluation ofthe Impact of Ultra Low Viscosity Engine Oils on FuelEconomy and CO11085301108530 Emissions SAE International 2013-01-2566 (2013)
2) Y OKUYAMA D SHIMOKOJI T SAKURAI amp MMARUYAMAStudy of Low-Viscosity Engine Oil on FuelEconomy and Engine Reliability SAE International2011-01-1247 (2011)
3) G BARBEZATAdvanced Thermal Spray Technologyand Coating for Lightweight Engine Blocks for theAutomotive Industry Surface amp Coatings Technology200 (2005) 1990
4) K BOBZIN F ERNST K RICHARDT T SCHLAEFER CVERPOORT amp G FLORESThermal Spraying of CylinderBores with the Plasma Transferred Wire Arc ProcessSurface amp Coatings Technology 202 (2008) 4438
5) Y YAMAMOTO et alFrictional Characteristics ofMolybdenum Dithiophosphates Wear 112 (1986) 79
6) J GRAHAM H SPIKES amp S KORCEKThe FrictionReducing Properties of MolybdenumDialkyldithiocarbamate Additives Part IFactorsInfluencing Friction Reduction Tribology Transactions44 4 (2001) 626
7) J GRAHAM H SPIKES amp R JENSENThe FrictionReducing Properties of MolybdenumDialkyldithiocarbamate Additives Part IIDurabilityof Friction Reducing Capability Tribology Transactions44 4 (2001) 637
8) M I De BARROS J BOUCHET I RAOULT Th Le MOGNE
J M MARTIN M KASRAI amp Y YAMADAFrictionReduction by Metal Sulfides in Boundary LubricationStudied by XPS and XANES Analyses Wear 254 9(2003) 863
9) M I De Barros BOUCHET J M MARTIN T Le-MOGNE ampB VACHERBoundary Lubrication Mechanisms ofCarbon Coatings by MoDTC and ZDDP AdditivesTribology International 38 3 (2005) 257
10) C GROSSIORD K VARLOT J M MARTIN Th Le MOGNEC ESNOUF amp K INOUEMoS11085301108530 Single Sheet Lubricationby Molybdenum Dithiocarbamate TribologyInternational 31 12 (1998) 737
11) A MORINA A NEVILLE M PRIEST amp J H GREENZDDPand MoDTC Interactions and Their Effect onTribological Performance âTribofilm Characteristicsand Its Evolution Tribology Letters 24 3 (2006) 243
12) D N KHAEMBA A NEVILLE amp A MORINANew Insightson the Decomposition Mechanism of MolybdenumDialkyldithiocarbamate (MoDTC) A RamanSpectroscopic Study RSC Advances 45 6 ( 2016 )38637
13) Y RAI A NEVILLE amp A MORINATransient Processesof MoS11085301108530 Tribofilm Formation under BoundaryLubrication Lubrication Science 28 (2016) 449
14) B C WINDOM W G SAWYER amp D W HAHNA RamanSpectroscopic Study of MoS 11085301108530 and MoO 11085311108531 Applicationsto Tribological Systems Tribology Letters 42 (2011)301
15) C G HILL Jr amp J H Wilson IIIRaman Spectroscopy ofIron Molybdate Catalyst Systems Part I Preparation ofUnsupported Catalysts Journal of Molecular Catalysis63 (1990) 65
16) M IIZUMI T F KOETZLE G SHIRANE S CHIKAZUMI MMATSUI amp S TODOStructure of Magnetite (Fe11085311108531O11085321108532)below the Verwey Transition Temperature ActaCrystallographica Section B38 (1982) 2121
17) J D BROWNE P R LIDDELL R STREET amp T MILLSAnInvestigation of the Antiferromagnetic Transition ofCrN Physica Status Solidi A 1 (1970) 715
18) æ¥æ¬çµæ¶æé·åŠäŒçµæ¶æé·ãã³ãããã¯ å ±ç«åºç(1995) 699
19) S J KIM T MARQUART amp H F FRANZENStructureRefinement for Cr11085301108530 N Journal of the Less CommonMetals 158 1 (1990) L9-L10
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1) M MANNI amp S FLORIOAn Experimental Evaluation ofthe Impact of Ultra Low Viscosity Engine Oils on FuelEconomy and CO11085301108530 Emissions SAE International 2013-01-2566 (2013)
2) Y OKUYAMA D SHIMOKOJI T SAKURAI amp MMARUYAMAStudy of Low-Viscosity Engine Oil on FuelEconomy and Engine Reliability SAE International2011-01-1247 (2011)
3) G BARBEZATAdvanced Thermal Spray Technologyand Coating for Lightweight Engine Blocks for theAutomotive Industry Surface amp Coatings Technology200 (2005) 1990
4) K BOBZIN F ERNST K RICHARDT T SCHLAEFER CVERPOORT amp G FLORESThermal Spraying of CylinderBores with the Plasma Transferred Wire Arc ProcessSurface amp Coatings Technology 202 (2008) 4438
5) Y YAMAMOTO et alFrictional Characteristics ofMolybdenum Dithiophosphates Wear 112 (1986) 79
6) J GRAHAM H SPIKES amp S KORCEKThe FrictionReducing Properties of MolybdenumDialkyldithiocarbamate Additives Part IFactorsInfluencing Friction Reduction Tribology Transactions44 4 (2001) 626
7) J GRAHAM H SPIKES amp R JENSENThe FrictionReducing Properties of MolybdenumDialkyldithiocarbamate Additives Part IIDurabilityof Friction Reducing Capability Tribology Transactions44 4 (2001) 637
8) M I De BARROS J BOUCHET I RAOULT Th Le MOGNE
J M MARTIN M KASRAI amp Y YAMADAFrictionReduction by Metal Sulfides in Boundary LubricationStudied by XPS and XANES Analyses Wear 254 9(2003) 863
9) M I De Barros BOUCHET J M MARTIN T Le-MOGNE ampB VACHERBoundary Lubrication Mechanisms ofCarbon Coatings by MoDTC and ZDDP AdditivesTribology International 38 3 (2005) 257
10) C GROSSIORD K VARLOT J M MARTIN Th Le MOGNEC ESNOUF amp K INOUEMoS11085301108530 Single Sheet Lubricationby Molybdenum Dithiocarbamate TribologyInternational 31 12 (1998) 737
11) A MORINA A NEVILLE M PRIEST amp J H GREENZDDPand MoDTC Interactions and Their Effect onTribological Performance âTribofilm Characteristicsand Its Evolution Tribology Letters 24 3 (2006) 243
12) D N KHAEMBA A NEVILLE amp A MORINANew Insightson the Decomposition Mechanism of MolybdenumDialkyldithiocarbamate (MoDTC) A RamanSpectroscopic Study RSC Advances 45 6 ( 2016 )38637
13) Y RAI A NEVILLE amp A MORINATransient Processesof MoS11085301108530 Tribofilm Formation under BoundaryLubrication Lubrication Science 28 (2016) 449
14) B C WINDOM W G SAWYER amp D W HAHNA RamanSpectroscopic Study of MoS 11085301108530 and MoO 11085311108531 Applicationsto Tribological Systems Tribology Letters 42 (2011)301
15) C G HILL Jr amp J H Wilson IIIRaman Spectroscopy ofIron Molybdate Catalyst Systems Part I Preparation ofUnsupported Catalysts Journal of Molecular Catalysis63 (1990) 65
16) M IIZUMI T F KOETZLE G SHIRANE S CHIKAZUMI MMATSUI amp S TODOStructure of Magnetite (Fe11085311108531O11085321108532)below the Verwey Transition Temperature ActaCrystallographica Section B38 (1982) 2121
17) J D BROWNE P R LIDDELL R STREET amp T MILLSAnInvestigation of the Antiferromagnetic Transition ofCrN Physica Status Solidi A 1 (1970) 715
18) æ¥æ¬çµæ¶æé·åŠäŒçµæ¶æé·ãã³ãããã¯ å ±ç«åºç(1995) 699
19) S J KIM T MARQUART amp H F FRANZENStructureRefinement for Cr11085301108530 N Journal of the Less CommonMetals 158 1 (1990) L9-L10
20) å°æ± éŽæšæ å足ç«MoDTCæ²¹äžã®éå±å士ã®æ©æŠã«ãã圢æãããåå¿èæ§é ã«å¯Ÿããéå±çµæã®åœ±é¿ãã©ã€ãããžãŒäŒè° 2016 æ¥ æ±äº¬ äºçš¿é (2016) A3
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åãããŠãã10)ãŸãéå±å士ã®æ©æŠã«ãããŠç¹ã« Cr ãå«ãææäžã«ã¯ãã©ã€ããã£ã«ã ãšåºæã®éã« Cr é žåç©ãååšããããšãåãã£ãŠãã20)ã€ãŸãMoDTCã®å解éçšã«ãããŠäžéçæç©ããMoS11085301108530ãçæããããã«ãã©ã€ããã£ã«ã ã®åºæåŽã«é žåç©ã圢æããããšãããç¡«åç©ã§ããMoS11085301108530ããã©ã€ããã£ã«ã è¡šå±€åŽã«åœ¢æãããã«ã®ã§ããããšãæšå®ã§ãããã®ããšããèèªäœã«åå¿æ§ãæããªã硬質ã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã«ãããŠçžææããã®ç§»çãã Fe ãçµæ¶åŠçã«å®å®ãªé žåç©ãåºæåŽã«åœ¢æããããšãè¡šå±€åŽãžã®MoS11085301108530ã®åœ¢æã«å¯äžãããšèããããæ ã«å®å®ããäœæ©æŠã®ããã«ã¯ç¡¬è³ªã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã®çµæ¶æ§ãäžã€ã®éèŠãªåœ¹å²ãæãããšèšãã43 åå¿éçšã«åãŒã硬質ã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°
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1) M MANNI amp S FLORIOAn Experimental Evaluation ofthe Impact of Ultra Low Viscosity Engine Oils on FuelEconomy and CO11085301108530 Emissions SAE International 2013-01-2566 (2013)
2) Y OKUYAMA D SHIMOKOJI T SAKURAI amp MMARUYAMAStudy of Low-Viscosity Engine Oil on FuelEconomy and Engine Reliability SAE International2011-01-1247 (2011)
3) G BARBEZATAdvanced Thermal Spray Technologyand Coating for Lightweight Engine Blocks for theAutomotive Industry Surface amp Coatings Technology200 (2005) 1990
4) K BOBZIN F ERNST K RICHARDT T SCHLAEFER CVERPOORT amp G FLORESThermal Spraying of CylinderBores with the Plasma Transferred Wire Arc ProcessSurface amp Coatings Technology 202 (2008) 4438
5) Y YAMAMOTO et alFrictional Characteristics ofMolybdenum Dithiophosphates Wear 112 (1986) 79
6) J GRAHAM H SPIKES amp S KORCEKThe FrictionReducing Properties of MolybdenumDialkyldithiocarbamate Additives Part IFactorsInfluencing Friction Reduction Tribology Transactions44 4 (2001) 626
7) J GRAHAM H SPIKES amp R JENSENThe FrictionReducing Properties of MolybdenumDialkyldithiocarbamate Additives Part IIDurabilityof Friction Reducing Capability Tribology Transactions44 4 (2001) 637
8) M I De BARROS J BOUCHET I RAOULT Th Le MOGNE
J M MARTIN M KASRAI amp Y YAMADAFrictionReduction by Metal Sulfides in Boundary LubricationStudied by XPS and XANES Analyses Wear 254 9(2003) 863
9) M I De Barros BOUCHET J M MARTIN T Le-MOGNE ampB VACHERBoundary Lubrication Mechanisms ofCarbon Coatings by MoDTC and ZDDP AdditivesTribology International 38 3 (2005) 257
10) C GROSSIORD K VARLOT J M MARTIN Th Le MOGNEC ESNOUF amp K INOUEMoS11085301108530 Single Sheet Lubricationby Molybdenum Dithiocarbamate TribologyInternational 31 12 (1998) 737
11) A MORINA A NEVILLE M PRIEST amp J H GREENZDDPand MoDTC Interactions and Their Effect onTribological Performance âTribofilm Characteristicsand Its Evolution Tribology Letters 24 3 (2006) 243
12) D N KHAEMBA A NEVILLE amp A MORINANew Insightson the Decomposition Mechanism of MolybdenumDialkyldithiocarbamate (MoDTC) A RamanSpectroscopic Study RSC Advances 45 6 ( 2016 )38637
13) Y RAI A NEVILLE amp A MORINATransient Processesof MoS11085301108530 Tribofilm Formation under BoundaryLubrication Lubrication Science 28 (2016) 449
14) B C WINDOM W G SAWYER amp D W HAHNA RamanSpectroscopic Study of MoS 11085301108530 and MoO 11085311108531 Applicationsto Tribological Systems Tribology Letters 42 (2011)301
15) C G HILL Jr amp J H Wilson IIIRaman Spectroscopy ofIron Molybdate Catalyst Systems Part I Preparation ofUnsupported Catalysts Journal of Molecular Catalysis63 (1990) 65
16) M IIZUMI T F KOETZLE G SHIRANE S CHIKAZUMI MMATSUI amp S TODOStructure of Magnetite (Fe11085311108531O11085321108532)below the Verwey Transition Temperature ActaCrystallographica Section B38 (1982) 2121
17) J D BROWNE P R LIDDELL R STREET amp T MILLSAnInvestigation of the Antiferromagnetic Transition ofCrN Physica Status Solidi A 1 (1970) 715
18) æ¥æ¬çµæ¶æé·åŠäŒçµæ¶æé·ãã³ãããã¯ å ±ç«åºç(1995) 699
19) S J KIM T MARQUART amp H F FRANZENStructureRefinement for Cr11085301108530 N Journal of the Less CommonMetals 158 1 (1990) L9-L10
20) å°æ± éŽæšæ å足ç«MoDTCæ²¹äžã®éå±å士ã®æ©æŠã«ãã圢æãããåå¿èæ§é ã«å¯Ÿããéå±çµæã®åœ±é¿ãã©ã€ãããžãŒäŒè° 2016 æ¥ æ±äº¬ äºçš¿é (2016) A3
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1) M MANNI amp S FLORIOAn Experimental Evaluation ofthe Impact of Ultra Low Viscosity Engine Oils on FuelEconomy and CO11085301108530 Emissions SAE International 2013-01-2566 (2013)
2) Y OKUYAMA D SHIMOKOJI T SAKURAI amp MMARUYAMAStudy of Low-Viscosity Engine Oil on FuelEconomy and Engine Reliability SAE International2011-01-1247 (2011)
3) G BARBEZATAdvanced Thermal Spray Technologyand Coating for Lightweight Engine Blocks for theAutomotive Industry Surface amp Coatings Technology200 (2005) 1990
4) K BOBZIN F ERNST K RICHARDT T SCHLAEFER CVERPOORT amp G FLORESThermal Spraying of CylinderBores with the Plasma Transferred Wire Arc ProcessSurface amp Coatings Technology 202 (2008) 4438
5) Y YAMAMOTO et alFrictional Characteristics ofMolybdenum Dithiophosphates Wear 112 (1986) 79
6) J GRAHAM H SPIKES amp S KORCEKThe FrictionReducing Properties of MolybdenumDialkyldithiocarbamate Additives Part IFactorsInfluencing Friction Reduction Tribology Transactions44 4 (2001) 626
7) J GRAHAM H SPIKES amp R JENSENThe FrictionReducing Properties of MolybdenumDialkyldithiocarbamate Additives Part IIDurabilityof Friction Reducing Capability Tribology Transactions44 4 (2001) 637
8) M I De BARROS J BOUCHET I RAOULT Th Le MOGNE
J M MARTIN M KASRAI amp Y YAMADAFrictionReduction by Metal Sulfides in Boundary LubricationStudied by XPS and XANES Analyses Wear 254 9(2003) 863
9) M I De Barros BOUCHET J M MARTIN T Le-MOGNE ampB VACHERBoundary Lubrication Mechanisms ofCarbon Coatings by MoDTC and ZDDP AdditivesTribology International 38 3 (2005) 257
10) C GROSSIORD K VARLOT J M MARTIN Th Le MOGNEC ESNOUF amp K INOUEMoS11085301108530 Single Sheet Lubricationby Molybdenum Dithiocarbamate TribologyInternational 31 12 (1998) 737
11) A MORINA A NEVILLE M PRIEST amp J H GREENZDDPand MoDTC Interactions and Their Effect onTribological Performance âTribofilm Characteristicsand Its Evolution Tribology Letters 24 3 (2006) 243
12) D N KHAEMBA A NEVILLE amp A MORINANew Insightson the Decomposition Mechanism of MolybdenumDialkyldithiocarbamate (MoDTC) A RamanSpectroscopic Study RSC Advances 45 6 ( 2016 )38637
13) Y RAI A NEVILLE amp A MORINATransient Processesof MoS11085301108530 Tribofilm Formation under BoundaryLubrication Lubrication Science 28 (2016) 449
14) B C WINDOM W G SAWYER amp D W HAHNA RamanSpectroscopic Study of MoS 11085301108530 and MoO 11085311108531 Applicationsto Tribological Systems Tribology Letters 42 (2011)301
15) C G HILL Jr amp J H Wilson IIIRaman Spectroscopy ofIron Molybdate Catalyst Systems Part I Preparation ofUnsupported Catalysts Journal of Molecular Catalysis63 (1990) 65
16) M IIZUMI T F KOETZLE G SHIRANE S CHIKAZUMI MMATSUI amp S TODOStructure of Magnetite (Fe11085311108531O11085321108532)below the Verwey Transition Temperature ActaCrystallographica Section B38 (1982) 2121
17) J D BROWNE P R LIDDELL R STREET amp T MILLSAnInvestigation of the Antiferromagnetic Transition ofCrN Physica Status Solidi A 1 (1970) 715
18) æ¥æ¬çµæ¶æé·åŠäŒçµæ¶æé·ãã³ãããã¯ å ±ç«åºç(1995) 699
19) S J KIM T MARQUART amp H F FRANZENStructureRefinement for Cr11085301108530 N Journal of the Less CommonMetals 158 1 (1990) L9-L10
20) å°æ± éŽæšæ å足ç«MoDTCæ²¹äžã®éå±å士ã®æ©æŠã«ãã圢æãããåå¿èæ§é ã«å¯Ÿããéå±çµæã®åœ±é¿ãã©ã€ãããžãŒäŒè° 2016 æ¥ æ±äº¬ äºçš¿é (2016) A3
21) é§å Žè¿è€éŽæšæ å森MoDTCæ·»å æ²¹ã®æœ€æ»å¹æã«å¯Ÿãã枩床ã®åœ±é¿ âæ©æŠä¿æ°ã®æž©åºŠäŸåãšå¢ç最æ»èæ§é â ãã©ã€ãããžã¹ã 62 11 (2017) 703
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