modis/viirs snow and ice · npp_viae_l1.a2016024.1810.p1_03110.*.hdf bands i1,i2, i3, showing snow...
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MODIS/VIIRSSnowandIce
GeorgeRiggsNASA/GSFCCode615/SSAI
MarkTschudiUniversityofColorado
MiguelRomanNASA/GSFCCode619
DorothyK.HallUnderContracttotheTerrestrialInformaLon
SystemsLaboratory,Code619
MODISC6SnowAlgorithmDetec6onofsnowcoverextentforhydrologicandclimatologyapplica6onsorresearchSnowcoverdetec6onusestheNormalizedDifferenceSnowIndex(NDSI)techniqueSnowcoveralwayshasNDSI>0.0AsurfacewithNDSI>0.0isnotalwayssnowcoverDatascreensareappliedtoalleviatesnowcommissionerrorsandflaguncertainsnowcoverdetec6onsFrac6onalsnowcover(FSC)isnotcalculatedinC6
MODIS/VIIRSScienceTeamMee6ng,6-10June2016G.Riggs,M.Tschudi,D.Hall,M.Roman
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MODISC6SnowAlgorithmNDSIsnowdetec6onappliedtoalllandandinlandwaterpixels.MOD02HKMTOAreflectanceinput.MODISland/watermaskused.CloudsmaskedwithMODIScloudmaskproductMOD35_L2.Datascreensappliedtoalleviatesnowcommissionerrorsandflaguncertainsnowcoverdetec6onsitua6ons.• Inlandwaterflag• Lowvisiblereflectancescreen• LowNDSIscreen• Surfacetemperatureandheightscreen/flag• HighSWIRscreen/flag• Solarzenithflag• QAbitflagsaresetforsnowcoverdetec6onsthatarechangedtonosnowandaresetforhigheruncertaintyinsnowcoverdetec6on,andforhighsolarzenithangles.TheNDSIvaluesareoutputforalllandandinlandwaterpixels--cloudmaskisnotapplied.
MODIS/VIIRSScienceTeamMee6ng,6-10June2016G.Riggs,M.Tschudi,D.Hall,M.Roman 3
MODISC5toC6SnowProductsDataContentComparison
MOD10_L2SDSs
C5 C6Snow_Cover,binarysnowcover,withmaskedfeatures
Frac6onal_Snow_Cover,0-100%withmaskedfeatures
NDSI_Snow_Cover,--SnowcovermapbyNDSIin0-100range,withmaskedfeatures.
NDSI_Snow_Cover_Algorithm_Flags_QA–bitflagsfordatascreensappliedinthealgorithm.
Snow_Cover_Pixel_QA,basicqualityvalue
NDSI_Snow_Cover_Basic_QA,--basicqualityvalue
NDSI–NDSIvalueforalllandandinlandwaterpixelsinaswath
La6tude(5kmresolu6on) La6tude(5kmresolu6on)
Longitude(5kmresolu6on) Longitude(5kmresolu6on)
MOD10A1SDSs
C5 C6Snow_Cover,binarysnowcover,withmaskedfeatures
Frac6onal_Snow_Cover,0-100%withmaskedfeatures
NDSI_Snow_Cover,--SnowcovermapbyNDSIin0-100range,withmaskedfeatures.
NDSI_Snow_Cover_Algorithm_Flags_QA–bitflagsfordatascreensappliedinthealgorithm.
Snow_Cover_Pixel_QA,basicqualityvalue
NDSI_Snow_Cover_Basic_QA,--basicqualityvalue
NDSI–NDSIvalueforalllandandinlandwaterpixelsinaswath
Snow_Albedo_Daily_Tile Snow_Albedo_Daily_Tile
orbit_pnt(pointer)
granule_pnt(pointer)
MODIS/VIIRSScienceTeamMee6ng,6-10June2016G.Riggs,M.Tschudi,D.Hall,M.Roman 4
Spring–summermountainsnowcoveromissionerrorprevalentinC5iscorrectedinC6
C5 C6
MOD10_L2.A2010170.1900(19June)SierraNevadaregion.C6hasgreatlyimprovedaccuracycomparedtoC5.C6snowcoverextentis~2303km2greaterthaninC5whichis~74%improvement.ThesurfacetemperaturescreenisnotappliedonmountainsinC6.
1-20%21-40%41-50%51-60%61-70%71-80%81-90%91-100%
FRACTIONALSNOWCOVER
CloudNight
0%
Nodata
20
405060708090100
NDSISNOWCOVER
CloudWater
30
0
MODIS/VIIRSScienceTeamMee6ng,6-10June2016G.Riggs,M.Tschudi,D.Hall,M.Roman 5
MOD02HKM.A2003003.0440.006.*.hdfRGBofbands1,4,6
MOD10_L2.A2003003.0440.006.*.hdfNDSI_Snow_Cover
MOD10_L2.A2003003.0440.006.*.hdfMaskofbit3oftheQAalgorithmflags
Thecombinedsurfacetemperatureandheightscreeneffec6velyblockserroneoussnowcoverdetec6onsatloweleva6onsthatmaynotbeblockedbyotherdatascreens,doesnotaffecthigheleva6onsnowcoverdetec6on.Wherethatscreenblockssnowcommissionerrorshowninredonrightimage.Himalayasinnorthhalfofswath,IndiaandBayofBengaltothesouth.
MODIS/VIIRSScienceTeamMee6ng,6-10June2016G.Riggs,M.Tschudi,D.Hall,M.Roman 6
Loweleva6on&surfacetemperaturescreenon–notsnow
InC6theQIRtechniqueisusedtorestoreAquaMODISband6dataforuseinthesnowalgorithmMoreaccuratemappingofsnowcoverinC6comparedtoC5notablyindifficulttodetectsitua6onsalongsnowextentboundaryasflaggedbythealgorithmQAbitflags.
MYD10A1.A2016024.h11v05.005fracLonalsnowcover–band7
MYD10A1.A2016024.h11v05.006NDSI_Snow_Cover
MYD10A1.A2016024.h11v05.006AlgorithmQAbitflagsforchangedsnowdetecLonoruncertainsnowdetecLonTypicallyalongboundaryofsnowcover.
MOD09GA.A2016024.h11v05.006RGBbands1,4,6
AquaMYD10usesQIRofBand6
MODIS/VIIRSScienceTeamMee6ng,6-10June2016G.Riggs,M.Tschudi,D.Hall,M.Roman 7
MOD10A1.A2016112.h09v05.006
20
405060708090100
NDSISNOWCOVER
CloudWater
30
0
1.00.0
NDSIrange
Granule_ptrPointertoinputMOD10_L2,useasindextogetswathstart6mefromlistofproductinputsinthemetadata.
1740UTC
1745UTC
1920UTC
NDSI
TimeofobservaLonincludedinC6M*D10A1products
MODIS/VIIRSScienceTeamMee6ng,6-10June2016G.Riggs,M.Tschudi,D.Hall,M.Roman 8
NSIDCreleasedC6productsinAprilandMay2016MODISC6userguideisavailableC6dataproductcontentisdifferentfromC5UsersfamiliarwiththeC5binarysnowcoverandFSCdatawillhavetoadjusttousingthenewNDSI_Snow_Coverdata.ProvidinguserswiththeNDSIdataenablesthemtohaveflexibilityinderivingsnowcoverareaSCAmapsfortheirpurposes.UserscanusetheAlgorithm_flags_QAdatatoevaluatethesnowcoverdatafortheirpar6cularresearchorapplica6on.Alsopossibletoadjustsnowcoverextentbycombiningthealgorithmflags,snowcoverandNDSIdata.
MODISC6ProductsReleased
MODIS/VIIRSScienceTeamMee6ng,6-10June2016G.Riggs,M.Tschudi,D.Hall,M.Roman 9
OurprocessistodevelopandtestthescienceofthealgorithmonourcomputerusingIDLthentocodethescienceintothePGEusingtheLSIPS
compu6ngenvironment.GainaccesstoLSIPScompu6ngenvironment.Developcodei.e.theopera6onalPGEintheLSIPScompu6ngenvironmentfollowingtheguidelinesfromLSIPSandusingtheircodingenvironmentsetup.Ini6alstepwastoadapttheMODISC6algorithmPGE07torunwithVIIRSdatainputs.NextwerevisedthatalgorithmintotheNASAVIIRSsnowcoveralgorithmPGE507.NextwecodedtooutputtheproductinHDF5usingtheLSIPSHDF5libraries.WehavecodedandtestedVNP10_L2algorithmandoutputasLSIPSPGE507.DevelopandtestcodeusinginputdatafromanLSIPSArchiveSet(AS).LSIPSrunsunitandglobaltests
NASAVIIRSVNP10SnowCoverAlgorithmI
MODIS/VIIRSScienceTeamMee6ng,6-10June2016G.Riggs,M.Tschudi,D.Hall,M.Roman 10
CurrentversionofPGE507runswithLSIPSIDPSversionsofVIIRSdataproducts.
VNP10_L2productisinHDF5WehaveaversionofPGE507thatrunswithLSIPSNASAVNP*L1Binputproducts.CoderevisedtoreadHDF5.WorkingintheLSIPScompu6ngenvironmentallowsfor:Ø efficientdeliveryofalgorithmcodeanddownloadofCMbaselinedcode
Ø comparisonofcodesandtestrunsbetweenthePIcodinginLSIPStounitorglobaltestrunsmadebyLSIPS/LDOPEfocusonscienceanddatacontentconsistenciesandarenotsidetrackedbydifferencesaoributabletodifferentopera6ngsystemsorPGEversionsbetweenthePI’scompu6ngenvironmentandLSIPS.
NASAVIIRSVNP10SnowCoverAlgorithmII
MODIS/VIIRSScienceTeamMee6ng,6-10June2016G.Riggs,M.Tschudi,D.Hall,M.Roman 11
VNP10_L2productsareinHDF5.RequiredredesignoftheproductsfromMODISheritageHDF4-EOS.Specifica6ons/requirementsfortheproductsareemergingfromseveralsourcesandfordifferingreasons.PIdevelopsthesciencedatacontentfordatasetsandaoributes.WeinteractwithNSIDCfordevelopingdatacontentregardingsnowcoverdatasets,geoloca6ondata,andforaoributes,primarilytosupporttheirdataservicesandtoolsforusers.ConformtoNetCDF4ClimateForecas6ngVersion1.6conven6onsforrelevantmetadata(HDF5aoributes).LSIPS–providesaoributesrelevanttotrackingproduc6on,PGEandCollec6onversions,provenanceofdataproduct,DOIs…DrasofVNP10_L2dataproductuserguidehasbeencompleted.
NASAVIIRSVNP10SnowCoverHDF5ProductDesign
MODIS/VIIRSScienceTeamMee6ng,6-10June2016G.Riggs,M.Tschudi,D.Hall,M.Roman 12
HDF5“VNP10_L2*.h5"{FILE_CONTENTS{group/group/Geoloca6onDatadataset/Geoloca6onData/La6tudedataset/Geoloca6onData/Longitudegroup/SnowDatadataset/SnowData/Algorithm_bit_flags_QAdataset/SnowData/Basic_QAdataset/SnowData/NDSIdataset/SnowData/NDSI_Snow_Cover}}Alldatasetsincludeaoributes.LSIPSgeneratesfilelevel(global)aoributes.
NASAVIIRSVNP10HDF5ProductDescripLon
MODIS/VIIRSScienceTeamMee6ng,6-10June2016G.Riggs,M.Tschudi,D.Hall,M.Roman 13
VNP10_L2.A2016024.1810.*.h5
NDSI_Snow_Cover NDSI Algorithm_bit_flags_QA
FalsecolorimageofNPP_VIAE_L1.A2016024.1810.P1_03110.*.hdfbandsI1,I2,I3,showingsnowinhuesofyellow.
NASAVNP10_L2Example
20
405060708090100
NDSISNOWCOVER
CloudWater
30
0
1.00.0
NDSIrange
LowNDSIscreen
InlandwaterUnspecified
MODIS/VIIRSScienceTeamMee6ng,6-10June2016G.Riggs,M.Tschudi,D.Hall,M.Roman
14LowVISscreen
MOD10_L2C6 VNP10_L2NDSI_Snow_Cover,--SnowcovermapbyNDSIin0-100range,withmaskedfeatures.
NDSI_Snow_Cover,--SnowcovermapbyNDSIin0-100range,withmaskedfeatures.
NDSI_Snow_Cover_Algorithm_Flags_QA–bitflagsfordatascreensappliedinthealgorithm.
NDSI_Snow_Cover_Algorithm_Flags_QA–bitflagsfordatascreensappliedinthealgorithm.
NDSISnow_Cover_Basic_QA,basicqualityvalue
NDSI_Snow_Cover_Basic_QA,--basicqualityvalue
NDSI–NDSIvalueforalllandandinlandwaterpixelsinaswath
NDSI–NDSIvalueforalllandandinlandwaterpixelsinaswath
La6tude(5kmresolu6on) La6tude(375mresolu6on)
Longitude(5kmresolu6on) Longitude(375mresolu6on)
MODISandVIIRSSnowCoverConLnuity
MODIS/VIIRSScienceTeamMee6ng,6-10June2016G.Riggs,M.Tschudi,D.Hall,M.Roman 15
MODISandVIIRSSnowCoverConLnuity
Snowcoveralgorithmsareverysimilar:MODISC6andVIIRSVNP10Spa6alresolu6ondifferent:MODIS500m,VIIRS375mDataproductcontentissamebutthefileformatisdifferent:MODISC6SDSsHDF4-EOSandVIIRSVNP10datasets,HDF5Challengesofimprovingaccuracy,primarilyallevia6ngproblemsofcloud/snowconfusionaresimilarinbothMODISandVIIRSassociatedwith:
• Subpixelcloudcontamina6on• Cloudmasksexngofsnow/icebackgroundflag
• Spectraldiscrimina6onofsnowfreesurfacesfromsnowcoveredsurfaces
MODIS/VIIRSScienceTeamMee6ng,6-10June2016G.Riggs,M.Tschudi,D.Hall,M.Roman 16
SUOMI-NPP VIIRS ICE SURFACE TEMPERATURE (IST)
MODIS/VIIRS Science Team Meeting, 6-10 June 2016 G. Riggs, M. Tschudi, D.Hall, M. Roman
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• The VIIRS Ice Surface Temperature (IST) product • provides surface temperatures retrieved at VIIRS moderate resolution
(750m) • for Arctic and Antarctic sea ice • for both day and night
• The baseline split window algorithm, shown below, is a statistical regression method that is based on the AVHRR heritage IST algorithm (Key and Haefliger., 1992)
IST= ao + a1TM15 + a2(TM15-TM16) + a3(TM15-TM16)(sec(z)-1)
TM15 and TM16 : VIIRS TOA TB’s for the VIIRS M15 and M16 bands z: the satellite zenith angle
ao, a1, a2, a3 : regression coefficients.
• Threshold Measurement Uncertainty = 1K over a measurement range of 213–280 K.
Key, J., and M. Haefliger (1992), Arctic ice surface temperature retrieval from AVHRR thermal channels, J. Geophys. Res., 97(D5), 5885–5893.
IST NEEDED BY NASA’S OPERATION ICEBRIDGE (OIB)
MODIS/VIIRS Science Team Meeting, 6-10 June 2016 G. Riggs, M. Tschudi, D.Hall, M. Roman 18
• IST: April 24, 2016 • Produced by http://landweb.nascom.nasa.gov
(NASA Goddard) • Utilized by NASA OIB Science Team during OIB
Spring 2016 P-3 deployment • Needed to assess melt onset in Beaufort Sea
• Performance of OIB RADARs affected when surface layer begins to melt
• Will also be compared to OIB onboard IST imagers
NASA VIIRS IST
MODIS/VIIRS Science Team Meeting, 6-10 June 2016 G. Riggs, M. Tschudi, D.Hall, M. Roman
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• Initial code generated from MODIS code by NASA’s Land Science Investigator-led Processing System (LSIPS)
• Code being updated for VIIRS (calibration coefficients, etc.)
• New Quality Flags to be added • Inter-comparison: MODIS, NCEP • Validation: IceBridge, buoys • First draft of ATBD delivered Jan. 2016
Left: VIIRS IST (K) from the NASA VIIRS IST product uses new calibration coefficients from J. Key Sept 12, 2014, 21:10 UTC Beaufort Sea, AK
NASA IST VS. IDPS IST
MODIS/VIIRS Science Team Meeting, 6-10 June 2016 G. Riggs, M. Tschudi, D.Hall, M. Roman 20
IST for previous scene: _____ NASA VIIRS IST algorithm with MODIS calibration coefficients - - - - NASA VIIRS algorithm with updated calibration coefficients _ . _ . NOAA IDPS IST - NASA IST looks comparable to the
IDPS IST
NASA VIIRS SEA ICE COVER
MODIS/VIIRS Science Team Meeting, 6-10 June 2016 G. Riggs, M. Tschudi, D.Hall, M. Roman 21
• Sea ice cover can aid in the estimation of sea ice extent using pmw data
• Sea ice extent = areal coverage of sea ice over the Arctic (km2)
• Sea ice extent is important for trends in ice extent, sea ice modeling, navigation, operations, …
NASA VIIRS SEA ICE COVER ALGORITHM
MODIS/VIIRS Science Team Meeting, 6-10 June 2016 G. Riggs, M. Tschudi, D.Hall, M. Roman
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• Utilizes the Normalized Difference Snow Index (NDSI):
NDSI = [VIIRS M4 (0.555µm) – VIIRS M10 (1.61µm)] / [VIIRS M4 + VIIRS M10] • If NDSI ≥ 0.4 and VIIRS M4 > threshold, then pixel contains snow
covered sea ice • Relatively thin sea ice (< 10 cm, with no snow cover) which has a lower
albedo may not be detected using the NDSI. Methods to detect thin sea ice are being investigated.
NASA VIIRS SEA ICE COVER TEST RUN
MODIS/VIIRS Science Team Meeting, 6-10 June 2016 G. Riggs, M. Tschudi, D.Hall, M. Roman 23
• Sea ice extent code using VIIRS channels • April 7, 2015 • Beaufort Sea – multiyear ice floes • Can envision a follow-on sea ice
concentration product
NASA LSIPS ACCESS SUMMARY
MODIS/VIIRS Science Team Meeting, 6-10 June 2016 G. Riggs, M. Tschudi, D.Hall, M. Roman 24
• Have received / used NASA token • Have NASA Launchpad access • Took necessary training • Have been activated on cluster • At “press time,” working an access
issue to the LSIPS
THANK YOU
MODIS/VIIRS Science Team Meeting, 6-10 June 2016 G. Riggs, M. Tschudi, D.Hall, M. Roman 25