Modernization of Modernization of JapanJapan

European traders first came to the European traders first came to the island country in the 1500s.island country in the 1500s.

Cut off almost all trade with Europe Cut off almost all trade with Europe in the early 1600s.in the early 1600s.

1854 Japanese Shogun signed trade 1854 Japanese Shogun signed trade treaty with American Commodore treaty with American Commodore Matthew C. Perry.Matthew C. Perry.

The Meiji LeadersThe Meiji Leaders 5 years after Perry’s arrival, the 5 years after Perry’s arrival, the

shogun signed trade treaties with shogun signed trade treaties with Britain, France, Holland, Russia, and Britain, France, Holland, Russia, and the United States.the United States.

Unhappiness with the treaties led to Unhappiness with the treaties led to the overthrow of the Shogun in the overthrow of the Shogun in 1868.1868.

New emperor New emperor MutsuhitoMutsuhito is given is given allegiance by a group of Samurai, but kept allegiance by a group of Samurai, but kept the real power for themselves. the real power for themselves.

Meiji rulers looked to make Japan capable Meiji rulers looked to make Japan capable of competing with Western nations. “Rich of competing with Western nations. “Rich country, strong military”; brought forms country, strong military”; brought forms of parliamentary government to Japan, of parliamentary government to Japan, strengthened the military, and worked to strengthened the military, and worked to transform the nation into industrial transform the nation into industrial society.society.

IndustrializationIndustrialization

1870s Japan began to industrialize in 1870s Japan began to industrialize in an effort to strengthen its economy.an effort to strengthen its economy.

Avoided loans from Western banks.Avoided loans from Western banks. Revised the tax structure to raise Revised the tax structure to raise

money for investment.money for investment. Developed a modern currency system Developed a modern currency system

and supported the building of postal and supported the building of postal and telegraph networks, railroads, and and telegraph networks, railroads, and port facilities.port facilities.

New technological methods, cheap New technological methods, cheap labor, and wars at the turn of the labor, and wars at the turn of the century stimulated Japan’s economy; century stimulated Japan’s economy; by 1914 Japan had become one of by 1914 Japan had become one of the world’s leading industrial the world’s leading industrial nations.nations.

Japan as a World PowerJapan as a World Power

Needing more natural resources, Needing more natural resources, Japan began to establish its own Japan began to establish its own overseas empire.overseas empire.

Japan defeated the Chinese army in Japan defeated the Chinese army in the Sino-Japanese War in 1894, the Sino-Japanese War in 1894, gaining partial control over Korean gaining partial control over Korean trade.trade.

In 1904 the Japanese navy launched In 1904 the Japanese navy launched a surprise attack on Port Arthur (in a surprise attack on Port Arthur (in Russian controlled Manchuria).Russian controlled Manchuria).

Japan defeated Russia in 1905. Japan defeated Russia in 1905. Japan had now become an Japan had now become an imperialist country, annexing Korea imperialist country, annexing Korea in 1910 and continuing to expand its in 1910 and continuing to expand its empire for the next 35 years.empire for the next 35 years.

Japan

Government Industrialization Military ‘The West’

Parliamentarian Gov’t

Meiji Gov’t

Overthrew the TakugawaShogun

Mutsuhito: Emperor

China China p. 714-716p. 714-716

Qing Dynasty 1644 to 1912Qing Dynasty 1644 to 1912 Opium War 1842- Treaty of NankingOpium War 1842- Treaty of Nanking Taiping Rebellion 1850-1864 (Civil War)Taiping Rebellion 1850-1864 (Civil War) Spheres of InfluenceSpheres of Influence The Open Door PolicyThe Open Door Policy Sino-Japanese War 1894Sino-Japanese War 1894 Boxer RebellionBoxer Rebellion The Nationalist Party (Sun Yat-sen)The Nationalist Party (Sun Yat-sen) Chinese Republic (1912)Chinese Republic (1912)

L20L20

Make a collage of China’s dealings Make a collage of China’s dealings with the Imperialist West during the with the Imperialist West during the age of Imperialism.age of Imperialism.

Have at least 6 images to represent Have at least 6 images to represent 6 different events.6 different events.

The Fall of the Qing The Fall of the Qing DynastyDynasty

Qing Dynasty 1644-1912Qing Dynasty 1644-1912 China’s political, economic, and military China’s political, economic, and military

position weakened under the Qing position weakened under the Qing Dynasty.Dynasty.

Opium War 1842: Treaty of Opium War 1842: Treaty of NankingNanking

British merchants were trading Opium from British merchants were trading Opium from India for goods, silk, tea, and porcelain.India for goods, silk, tea, and porcelain.

1839: Chinese forces tried to stop the 1839: Chinese forces tried to stop the smuggling, but the British navy bombarded smuggling, but the British navy bombarded Chinese ports defeating the Chinese.Chinese ports defeating the Chinese.

Treaty of Nanking: “unequal treaties”-Treaty of Nanking: “unequal treaties”-granted the British payment for war losses granted the British payment for war losses and Hong Kong; British citizens were and Hong Kong; British citizens were granted granted extraterritorialityextraterritoriality which granted which granted them the right to live under their own laws them the right to live under their own laws and courts.and courts.

Taiping Rebellion 1850-Taiping Rebellion 1850-18641864

Civil War that broke out because of Civil War that broke out because of “unequal treaties”. Eventually it “unequal treaties”. Eventually it was crushed by British led forces.was crushed by British led forces.

Eroded the Qing Dynasty’s control of Eroded the Qing Dynasty’s control of China.China.

Spheres of InfluenceSpheres of Influence

By the 1890s European powers as By the 1890s European powers as well as Japan claimed large sections well as Japan claimed large sections of China as spheres of influence-of China as spheres of influence-areas where they had exclusive areas where they had exclusive trading rights.trading rights.

Open Door PolicyOpen Door Policy

The US tried to claim that all nations The US tried to claim that all nations should have the right to trade within should have the right to trade within China. All nations involved agreed China. All nations involved agreed to their policy in 1899.to their policy in 1899.

Sino-Japanese War 1894Sino-Japanese War 1894

China’s defeat led to more lost China’s defeat led to more lost territory.territory.

From China, Japan gained the island From China, Japan gained the island of Taiwan and the Liaodong of Taiwan and the Liaodong Peninsula as well as trading benefits Peninsula as well as trading benefits in Chinese territory. The Japanese in Chinese territory. The Japanese also ended China’s influence in also ended China’s influence in Korea.Korea.

Boxer RebellionBoxer Rebellion

The Righteous and Harmonious Fists, The Righteous and Harmonious Fists, practiced a Chinese form of Boxing. In practiced a Chinese form of Boxing. In 1900 the Boxers carried out attacks 1900 the Boxers carried out attacks against foreigners and Chinese against foreigners and Chinese Christians in the city Beijing (Peking). Christians in the city Beijing (Peking). Western powers and Japan sent a Western powers and Japan sent a multinational force that ended the multinational force that ended the uprising. Empress Ci Xi who had uprising. Empress Ci Xi who had supported the Boxers, reversed her supported the Boxers, reversed her policy.policy.

The Nationalist PartyThe Nationalist Party Many Chinese believed that a modern Many Chinese believed that a modern

republic should replace the Qing Dynasty. republic should replace the Qing Dynasty. Sun Yat-sen will form the United League Sun Yat-sen will form the United League (Nationalist Party) in 1905.(Nationalist Party) in 1905.

Their goal was to modernize China on the Their goal was to modernize China on the basis of the “Three Principles of the basis of the “Three Principles of the People”: nationalism (freedom from People”: nationalism (freedom from foreign control), democracy foreign control), democracy (representative government), and (representative government), and livelihood (economic well-being for all livelihood (economic well-being for all Chinese)Chinese)

Chinese Republic 1912Chinese Republic 1912

1911 revolution started.1911 revolution started. January 1912, Sun Yat-sen will January 1912, Sun Yat-sen will

become the 1become the 1stst President of the new President of the new Chinese Republic.Chinese Republic.