1

Extends warm Welcome to the

Participants to the Workshop on

Modernisation of Bus Services

ANDHRA PRADESHSTATE ROADTRANSPORTCORPORATION

3

VISAKHAPATNAM CITY PROFILE

• SECOND LARGEST CITY IN AP

• ATTAINED GREATER CORPORATION STATUS IN 2005

• RAPID INDUSTRIALIZATION: Steel, Petroleum,

Fertilizers, Pharma & IT

APSAPS RTC

4

VISAKHAPATNAM CITY PROFILE• GROWTH RECORDED FASTER THAN MUMBAI, KOLKATA, CHENNAI

AND HYDERABAD IN LAST TWO DECADES.

• 40% URBAN POPULATION AS AGAINST STATE LEVEL AVERAGE 34%

• NEED FOR URBAN INFRA EXPANSION AND IMPROVEMENT UP-

GRADATION

• MOBILITY OF TRAVEL WILL NEED SPECIAL ATTENTION

APSAPS RTC

5

CITY PROFILE – TRANSPORTATION MOBILITY

� POPULATION( 2011) --- 18.15 Lakhs

� REGISTERED VEHICLES (2007) --- 4.5 lakh

(Cars (12%), Two Wheeler (73%),

Autos & Taxi (8%) which is more than 90%)

� CITY PUBLIC TRANSPORT

CITY BUSES(APSRTC) --- 668

� PRESENT BUSES FOR 1 LAKH RESIDENTS --- 40

APS RTC

DEMOGRAPHY

� GVMC has a population of

18.15 lakh as per 2011 census

� Staggering decadal growth of

75% observed between 1991-

2001

� By 2021, Vizag will be a major

City in the country

� The urban agglomeration will

grow to 35 lakh

Component

Area (Sq km) Population (lakh)Density

(persons/Sq km)

2001 2006 2001 2006 2011 2001 2006 2011

GVMC 111 533 9.69 14.5 18.15 8765 2685 3405

VUDA 1701 1701 22.02 26.21 33.30 1293 1540 1958

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

2001 2006 2011 2021

lakh

Year

POPULATION FORECAST

APS RTC

VEHICULAR GROWTH

� Registered growth between 2000 to 2006 was about 9% p.a.

� Beyond 2006 – GVMC area increased and vehicular population now is estimated at 6 lakh.

� Share of 2W is highest followed by Car & IPT (2%)

� Share of PT vehicles (Bus) is only 1%

� The phenomenal increase of 2W & Cars has resulted in dense concentration of traffic on roads

IPT 5%

GROWTH OF EGISTERED VEHICLES IN VISAKHAPATNAM

0

50000

100000

150000

200000

250000

300000

350000

400000

450000

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

YEAR

2W

cars &jeeps

auto rick

bus

Mode Vehicles Percent

Personal modes 384927 84.15%

Para transit modes 47081 2.06%

Public Buses 3455 0.76%

Goods Vehicles 16549 3.62%

Others 14848 3.25%

Total 457433 100.00%

GVMC AREA BEYOND 2006

Till 2006

APS RTC

8

PUBLIC TRANSPORT ISSUES - SUPPLY� CURRENTLY TRAVEL

NEEDS ARE DOMINATED

BY PRIVATE VEHICLES

� WE ARE LARGELY

UNPREPARED TO TACKLE

SEVERE TRAFFIC

CONGESTION, AIR

POLLUTION, ACCIDENTS

� HIGH QUALITY PUBLIC

TRANSPORT WILL CREATE

CITIES WHERE PEOPLE

AND COMMUNITY COME

FIRST

65

20

15

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

% t

rip

s

private

public

para transit

PUBLIC TRANSPORT SHARE – 20%

BENCHMARK – 50%

MODAL SPLIT

APS RTC

�Urban Buses 668

�No of Employees 3755

�Operated KMs /day 2.07 lakhs

�Daily passengers 5.60 lakhs

�Urban KMPL 5.27

�JNNURM KMPL 5.12

�No.of Student/General Bus Passes 74,000�No. other bus passes 33,000

�No of PHC Passes 10,000

A.P.S.R.T.CVISAKHAPATNAM URBAN AT A GLANCE

APS RTC

JNNURM VEHICLES ALLOTTED FOR

VISAKHAPATNAM

Sl.NO PRODUCT NO OF BUSES

1 LOWFLOOR NON AC 50

2 SEMI LOW FLOOR 200

APS RTC

IMPACT of JnURM BUSES

Sl No Parameter BEFORE AFTER

1 Buses per Lk

Population 29 40

2 Presence of

ORGANISED Public

Transport 75% 85%

3 Presence of Bus

Transport System 17% 20%

4 Average wating time

for Bus 5 mins 3 mins

5 fleet as per Urban

Bus Specification 0% 33%

IMPACT of JnURM BUSES

Sl No Parameter BEFORE AFTER

5 % Fleet

utilisation 99.92 99.94

6 Daily bus

utilisation Km 292 331

7 Passengers

Carried per Day

2.94

lakhs

3.63

LaKhs

9 % Load Factor 72% 71%

�To provide a high level of service to the passengers ,

�To cater the expected demand,

�To improve the productivity of the bus system,

�BRTS is envisaged under JNNURM.

BRTS as envisaged under JUURM

�BRTS Corridors under construction

� PENDURTY TRANSIT CORRIDOR

• PENDURTY – ASILMETTA

�SIMHACHALAM TRANSIT CORRIDOR

• VEPAGUNTA- ASILMETTA via : simhachalam

� 6 more corridors are planned

BRTS as envisaged under JUURM

15Contd…

BRTS – Simhachalam, VISAKHAPATNAM Transit Corridor

�With a view to have a focussed

attention of administration on the Bus

Rapid Transit System in

Visakhapatnam, and to see that the

funding meets the purpose a

Special Purpose Vehicle was

formed by the Govt. of AP.

FORMATION OF SPV

VISAKHAPATNAM URBAN TRANSPORT COMPANY Ltd

FORMATION OF SPV VISAKHAPATNAM URBAN TRANSPORT COMPANY Ltd

Sl No Designation /stake holder Designation in

SPV

1 Collector, Visakhapatnam

Districct

Chairman

2 Commisioner, GVMC Chierf

Excutive

Officer

3 Executive Director,

APSRTC, Vijaynagaram

Zone

Managing

Director

4 Vice-Chairman, VUDA Director

The following is the composition of the Board

FORMATION OF SPV VISAKHAPATNAM URBAN TRANSPORT

COMPANY Ltd

Sl No Designation /stake holder Designation in

SPV

5 Commisioner of Police,

Visakhapatnam

Director

6 Deputy Transport

Commisioner,

Visakhapatnam

Director

7 Regional Manager,

APSRTC, Visakhapatnam

Director

Composition of the Board

VISAKHAPATNAM URBAN KMPL(YEAR WISE )

SL.NO YEAR TOTAL BUSES

KMPL

JNNURM

BUSES KMPL

1 2007-08 5.55 ----

2 2008-09 5.57 ----

3 2009-10 5.50 4.96

4 2010-11 5.21 4.79

5 2011-12 5.22 4.96

6 2012-13 5.27 5.12

APS RTC

�APSRTC HAS BAGGED 7 PCRA AWARDS FOR

MAXIMUM IMPROVEMENT IN HSD KMPL -

1982-89 CONTINUOSLY.

�APSRTC HAS BAGGED PCRA AWARDS FOR 14

TIMES FOR HIGHEST HSD KMPL.

�APSRTC HAS BAGGED ASRTU AWARDS FOR 29

TIMES FOR HIGHEST FUEL EFFICIENCY.

ACHIEVEMENTS

APS RTC

�VISAKHAPATNAM CITY BAGGED

ASRTU AWARDS FOR HIGHEST

FUEL EFFICIENCY IN URBAN

OPERATIONS:

� for the years 1993, 1994 , 1995, 2000,

2003-04, 2004-05, 2005-06,

2006-07, 2008-09.

ACHIEVEMENTS

APS RTC

Saving fuel Saving fuel Saving fuel Saving fuel Saving fuel Saving fuel Saving fuel Saving fuel

is nothing is nothing is nothing is nothing is nothing is nothing is nothing is nothing

but saving but saving but saving but saving but saving but saving but saving but saving

moneymoneymoneymoneymoneymoneymoneymoney

23

Factors treated as most significant in improving Fuel Factors treated as most significant in improving Fuel

efficiencyefficiency

•• Driving habitsDriving habits

•• Vehicle MaintenanceVehicle Maintenance

• We pay more thrust to the above two

factors, treating the other factors like road

condition, weather, fuel quality, pay load

etc as less significant since they are

beyond our control

APS RTC

24

• We exercise both Technical and Operational/

Managerial Controls to improve HSD kmpl at our

depots.

–– Technical ControlsTechnical Controls are focused on rectifying the rectifying the

vehicle defectsvehicle defects that affect the fuel performance.

–– Managerial controlsManagerial controls are to improve the driving

habits, create awareness, motivate the staff

towards achieving better KMPL.

APS RTC

25

•• RouteRoute--wise Viswise Vis--àà--vis vehicle typevis vehicle type--wise wise

targetstargets are fixed for the vehicles based on

their past performances through the

computer software.

• The vehicles whose performance is less than

the target are treated as low HSD kmpl

vehicles.

• The computer software based on the above

criteria, shortlists the vehicles to be taken for

attention.Contd..

APS RTC

26

Attention of monthly low HSD kmpl vehiclesAttention of monthly low HSD kmpl vehicles

•• Every month, at least 10% of fleet or 10 Every month, at least 10% of fleet or 10

vehiclesvehicles which ever is higher as identified

through the computer software, will be taken

for critical attention in each depot.

• The identification will be done on 1st of identification will be done on 1st of

every month every month

• The items to be attended for rectification of the

vehicles are shown in the slides followed

Contd..

APS RTC

DRIVER TRAINING & DRIVER TRAINING & DRIVER TRAINING & DRIVER TRAINING &

IMPACT ON OPERATIONS IMPACT ON OPERATIONS IMPACT ON OPERATIONS IMPACT ON OPERATIONS

PERFORMANCEPERFORMANCEPERFORMANCEPERFORMANCE

APS RTC

28

� Induction training for fresh drivers for 8 weeks

Corporate objectives

Practical safety driving

KMPL driving

� Re-orientation training for in-service driversfor 3 days

Safety driving

KMPL driving

TRAINING

APS RTC

30

FIXATION OF BUS AND DRIVERFIXATION OF BUS AND DRIVER

• VEHICLE FIXATION: The vehicle is fixed to the service / route.

• DRIVER FIXATION: Each and every driver is fixed to the vehicle , so that he will tune the vehicle condition, Road condition, Bus stops, Road turnings, Traffic signals, Speed Breakers, Traffic behavior, behaviour of the passengers. This will improve the expertise of the driver on the vehicle, route & traffic conditions

APS RTC

31

Fixing of Benchmark KMPL for routesFixing of Benchmark KMPL for routes

• Every year during January (preferably during oil conservation fortnight), the route wise benchmark HSD KMPL is arrived using good KMPL drivers and displayed at the dispensing pump at all the depots.

• This gives an indication to the Drivers on the HSD KMPL potentiality of a particular route.

APS RTC

32

COUNSELLINGCOUNSELLING• Every month, at

least 20 low KMPL drivers of the Depot are identified through “VEMAS” report for counseling

• These Drivers are counseled by the Depot Manager himself by 10th of every month.

APS RTC

33

• A separate register is maintained for counseling of the Drivers as per the following format

S.

No.

Name of

Driver

Staff

No.

HSD KMPL Variance Route

operated

in General

Target

KMPLCurrent

Month

Previous

Month

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)

Previous

Counseling

Dates

Remarks of

the Driver

Signature of

the Driver

Signature of

the DM

KMPLat the

End of Month

(9) (10) (11) (12) (13)

• At the end of the month the progress made by the Drivers after counseling is reviewed

APS RTC

34

KMPL Pocket BookKMPL Pocket Book

• All the Drivers on roll are provided with a Pocket Book called “KMPL Pocket Book” which contains the details of day-wise operation and fuel performance of the Driver.

• This book is reviewed by the Depot Manager and Maintenance Foreman whenever the Driver is counseled

APS RTC

35

Counseling of Daily Low Kmpl DriversCounseling of Daily Low Kmpl Drivers

• Daily low KMPL Drivers are identified through the report generated along with challan every day.

• The Mechanical Foreman of the Depot counsels these drivers on daily basis

• Counseling of daily low KMPL Drivers is also recorded in the register.

APS RTC

36

Training by Safety Driving Instructor (SDI)Training by Safety Driving Instructor (SDI)

• The Drivers not showing improvement even after counseling in the previous month are taken up for training by SDI of the Depot.

• Besides the above, the SDI also trains the other low KMPL Drivers of the month identified through VEMAS report.

• The SDI covers the training for at least 20 Drivers with low KMPL and 5 Drivers with accidents prone record during the month

APS RTC

37

• The details of training imparted by the SDI along with the KMPL at the end of the month by the concerned Driver are recorded in a register,maintained as per the following format.

• Depot Manager and Mechanical Foreman closely monitor and review the work carried out by SDI

S.

No.

Name of

Driver

Staff

No.

HSD KMPL Variance Route

operated

in General

Dt.of

Training

by SDI

Current

Month

Previous

Month

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)LOW KMPL DRIVERS

ACCIDENT DRIVERS

Remarks on the Driving

Habits Of the Driver

Signature of

the Driver

KMPLat the

End of Month

Remarks/ Action plan

for not improved Drivers

(9) (10) (11) (12)

LOW KMPL DRIVERS

ACCIDENT DRIVERS

APS RTC

39

Depot Incentive SchemeDepot Incentive Scheme• The monthly incentive Scheme for Drivers and

Maintenance Staff on fuel saving is a very effective motivational factor in achieving the consistent fuel performance in APSRTC.

• There is no ceiling for the Drivers for payment of incentive on fuel saving. Some Drivers earn incentive as high as Rs 2,000 per month on fuel saving.

• The maintenance staff earn upto Rs 500/- per month on fuel saving.

APS RTC

40

Motivational Measures continued...

• The following are some of the schemes being implemented besides regular Depot Incentive Scheme for motivation.

1. Cash incentives ranging from Rs.50,000/- to Rs.1,50,000/-to the Depots based on fleet strength on attaining the targeted HSD KMPL every year.

2. Presentation of Cash Awards Every month to the 1st best and 2nd best Drivers in fuel saving at all Depots.

3. Award scheme for Drivers, Mechanics and Officers every year in oil conservation fortnight, sponsored by Oil companies.

4. Special increments to the Drivers who stand top in HSD kmpl consecutively for more number of times.

APS RTC

41

Apart from the monetary benefit schemes, we also

adopt the following measures to encourage the staff.

– Display of names of monthly and daily high and low KMPL Drivers at oil bunk

– Display of best KMPL Drivers for the previous year at prominent place.

– Distribution of pamphlets & brochures describing the achievements of the best performers

– Presentation of Appreciation Letters/ Merit certificates to the best Drivers and Mechanics by the Regional Managers & Executive Directors by organizing functions at Depots

APS RTC

42

Punitive Actions on Continuous Punitive Actions on Continuous

low KMPL Driverslow KMPL Drivers

• The Drivers who do not improve their driving habits

and continue to be low performers even after

repeated counseling & training are cautioned by

issuing advice letters initially followed by disciplinary

actions duly following the formalities.

• While issuing the advising letters or Charge sheets,

the drivers are informed about details of previous

counseling, training and the loss incurred due to

their low performance.

APS RTC

43

44

• The movie, ““IndhanamIndhanam”” made on Driving

Technology aimed at achieving the best fuel

performance is a boon to the Drivers.

• With regard to better Driving techniques,

nothing is left uncovered in the above movie.

• The principle of ““Momentum mode DrivingMomentum mode Driving””,,

which is the basis for getting the best HSD

kmpl from the vehicle is highly emphasized in

the movie.

APS RTC

45

• It is proven that the optimum HSD KMPL is

obtained when the vehicle is operated at

2/3rd of the maximum speed i.e. around

50 KMPH.

• More stress is given to this aspect while

interacting with the Drivers during counselling

APS RTC

46

Position-1

Position-3

Position-2

An eye on RPM Indicator An eye on RPM Indicator

while driving helps a lotwhile driving helps a lot

Method of operating the Method of operating the

Accelerator PedalAccelerator Pedal

Always maintain Pedal at Always maintain Pedal at

33rdrd Position to get Position to get

maximum fuel efficiencymaximum fuel efficiency

APS RTC

47

• Optimum HSD KMPL can be obtained by driving the vehicle in a momentum mode, i.e. When once the engine power is utilized to attain optimum speed, thereafter the vehicle has to be run in cruising speed, keeping accelerator pedal in no.3 position.

• Whenever the vehicle is operated on down gradient, the accelerator pedal shall be maintained at no.1 position i.e. just above the idling speed.

• Majority of the drivers have a bad habit of pumping the accelerator which leads to wastage of fuel. The Drivers are educated to accelerate the vehicle in the lowest possible increments to attain the desired speed.

APS RTC

The momentum of the vehicle can be better used to save fuel consumption

Step 1. Reach cruising speed of 50KMPH - ----- observe thrust speed/sound which is an indication of excess fuel consumption.

Step 2. Maintain cruise speed at this stage and observe gaining of momentum by the vehicle.

Step3. Relax the accelerator gradually by 10 % .

Step 4. Observe sizzling sound (This is an indication of engine relaxation and fuel saving)

Step 5. Continue the same speed duly observing the sizzling sound.

Step 6. Slightly / gradually accelerate when the speed falls below 40 kmph.

Step 7. Repeat the above steps again and again to derive advantages ofmomentum.

Note: In Momentum mod driving the engine is relaxed by the momentum gained by the vehicleWhich saves good amount of fuel.

MOMENTUM MODE DRIVING

APS RTC

49

• Drivers are educated to operate the vehicles with the engine speed always maintained in the green band either while changing the gears or while cruising

• The Drivers operating high powered vehicles are trained to use overdrive (wherever available), and judicious use of the alternate brakes like Retarders, exhaust brakes etc instead of service brakes.

APS RTC

50

STARTING OF THE ENGINE:

Drivers are habituated to accelerate to maximum

extent immediately after starting. This type of

acceleration causes wastage of 50ml every time for

every start.

IDLING OF ENGINE

2 minutes of idling is required immediately after

start of the engine to allow the lubricant to pass and

lubricate all the moving parts.

SPECIAL FOCUS ON DRIVING HABITS:

APS RTC

GEAR ENGAGEMENTS

GEAR ACCELERATION

1ST GEAR NIL

2ND GEAR 20%

3RD GEAR 30%

4TH GEAR 50%

5TH GEAR 50% TO 60%

TOP GEAR Above 60%

Proper selection of gear is very important and depends on:

� Road condition

� Load of the vehicle

� Vehicle condition

Gear Vs Acceleration : for hi-torque engines

Note: 1. Quick changing of gears 1-2-3 for high powered engines will

save lot of fuel.

APS RTC

Momentum

mode driving

can be better

used during

slack hour

operations.

TOP GEAR USAGE

05.00 to 07.30 am

12.00 to 03.00 pm

09.00 to 10.30 night

APS RTC

�Before starting the vehicle, passenger and driver doors shall beopened to attain the atmospheric temperature.

� This will reduce cut off temperature which in turn saves the fuel.

Auto Transmission A.C.Vehicles(Tata Marcopolo)

� Drivers usually pump the accelerator without observing time gapbetween the change of gears.

Time Gap: 1-2 Gear : 8 Sec

2-3 Gear : 10 Sec.

3-4 Gear : 12 Sec.

4-5 Gear : 16 Sec.

5-6 Gear : 22 Sec.

On clear observation drivers can here a slight NICK sound basing on which they can avoid unnecessary acceleration, for saving lot of fuel..

DRIVING HABITS ON AC VEHICLES

APS RTC

Empty vehicle -- Less momentum

Load Vehicle – More momentum

WRONG CONCEPTION: Generally Drivers are of the

opinion that when the load on the vehicle is increased the

fuel consumption will increase

RIGHT CONCEPTION: But contrary to the above

utilization of momentum mode driving ie.. more

momentum will save the fuel thru power point driving.

LOAD Vs MOMENTUM

APS RTC

TRAFFIC SIGNALS

In case of the traffic signals: more than 60 sec.

engine should be switched off (to save fuel).

If it is less, better not to switch of the engine ( to

save fuel)

CITY OPERATIONS

APS RTC

57

SPEED BREAKERSSPEED BREAKERS

• Drivers are habituated to apply brake and make the vehicle to halting position and then start applying first gear for every speed breaker. This system consumes excessive fuel.

• In order to save fuel, the drivers must be trained to swerve 1/4th round steering to left side and apply 1st or 2nd gear in advance before taking bump by the front wheels.

APS RTC

58

PROBLEMS FACED IN jnNURM BUSESPROBLEMS FACED IN jnNURM BUSES

�Heavy weight of the vehicle , �Low Fuel efficiency�Frequent transmission failures due to defective P.P

shaft design�Oil carryover problem from air compressor�Engine sludge formation�Frequent failures of LED Destination boards�LED roof lights not working�Frequent failures of Passenger doors�Body rear end structure damaged frequently due to

improper design

APS RTC

59

PROBLEMS FACED IN MAINTENANCE OF PROBLEMS FACED IN MAINTENANCE OF

CITY AC BUSES(TATA LOW FLOOR AC)CITY AC BUSES(TATA LOW FLOOR AC)

�All doors not closing properly, causing

leakage of A.C

�Low fuel efficiency

�Improper working of pannel switches

�Frequent failures of fan belts

�Digital display not working

�Low HSD oil storage capacity

APS RTC

EXTRA MAN POWER INCURRED IN

INCREASING FUEL EFFICIENCYSL.NO DESCRIPTION NOS EXPENDITURE

Per Month

1 Safety driving instructors 05 1,25,000

2 K.M.P.L.Mechanics 06 1,50,000

3 Regional PJDI 01 25,000

4 Training at Regional level 1 20,000

5 Training at Zonal Level 1 5,000

6 Training at State Level 1 2,000

We are incurring around 50 lakhs p.a towards training and extra man power and it is Rs7500 per

bus per annum. The saving is 1000 litres per bus p.a.

61

CONCLUSIONCONCLUSIONSupport required from Govt. of India:To increase the public transport share from 20% to 50%.

� Requirement of Depots- 5 (Rs.35 Cr.)

(Tagarapuvalasa,Madhurawada, Pendurthi, Asilmetta, Mudasarlova)

� Requirement of Bus Terminals- 7 ( Rs.29.6 Cr.)(Tagarapuvalasa, (Anandapuram,Madhurawada,Pendurthi,Old Jail Rd., OHPO, R.K.Beach, Old Bus Stand)

� Land requirement 50 Acrs� Implementation of ITS on all buses 8.00 Cr.

Finally, Govt. of India is requested to

sanction Carbon Ratings for Public Transport

Under Takings who are committed to the future

challenges of energy savings.

APS RTC

Thank You

Y.JAGADEESH BABU

REGIONAL MANAGER

APSRTC,VISAKHAPATNAM