Significant Modern Technologies, Their Basic

Features and Applications

Laser Technology• Scientists discovered LASER in the late 1950’s and started

developing devices in early 1960’s

• LASER

– Light

– Amplification by

– Stimulated

– Emission of

– Radiation

• It is a device that amplifies light. Laser produces a thin, intense

beam of light. It is different from other sources of light like bulbs,

sun, fluorescent lamps etc. Lights from these travel in all directions

but light from LASER is very directional.

Application of LASER Technology

• Medical Uses of LASER

– In Surgical Operations

– Artery Cleaning with Laser light

– Laser heals and reshapes eyes

– Laser for Eye Surgery

• Cosmetic uses of Laser

• Laser assisted Dentistry

Satellite Technology • A satellite is an object which has been placed into

orbits by humans. Such objects are called as artificial

satellites to distinguish them from natural satellite like

moon

• World’s first artificial satellite “Sputnik 1” was launched

by Soviet Union in 1957. Since then 1000’s of satellites

have been launched into orbit around the earth.

• Satellites are used for a large no. of purposes like

military and civilian earth satellites, communication

satellites, navigation satellites etc.

Satellite Technology in Climate & Weather Forecasting

• In early days weather conditions were assess

using Barometer, Thermometer, Rain Gauges etc.

• Old and New Concepts

– Basic concept remains same

– Data is collected and processed at higher rate

– Quality of data collection has improved

– Level and rate of information transfer and

communication has increased

– Easier to issue and communicate critical information in

public interest

Satellite Technology in Climate & Weather Forecasting

• Weather Forecast

– Climate forecast can be made only after considering weather

conditions all over the world

– Prediction can be done of only 5 days in advance

– Globally collected data is processed in super computers and

analyzed using mathematical models

• Modern weather Technology

– Remote sensing systems to measure things that are more than

100 kms away from scope of radars

– Advanced radars

– Instrumented balloons

– Weather satellites

Satellite Technology in Climate & Weather Forecasting

• Computers and Communication systems are

used to

– Interpret Data

– Process and model atmospheric processes

– Make predictions and forecasts

– Convert raw data into maps and three dimensional

models

– Communicate processed information into mass

media interfaces

Global Positioning System (GPS)• GPS is a set of Satellites and control systems that allow a specially

designed GPS receiver to determine its location anywhere on earth

24*7

• It was developed by United States Dept of Defence. It is officially

named “NAVSTAR GPS – Navigation Satellite Timing & Ranging Global

Positioning System)

• First experimental satellite was launched in 1978, since it has become

indispensable aid to navigation and important tool for map-making

and land surveying

• GPS is currently the only fully Global Navigation Satellite System

(GLONASS)

• Its cost of maintenance is approx $750 million per year. However, it is

free for civilians as public good

Uses of GPS

• Military

• Automobiles

• Aircraft

• Boats and Ships

• Bicyclists

• Hikers

• Mobile Satellite

Communication

• Emergency and

Location Based

Services

• GPS Tracking

• Marketing

Information and Communication Technology

• Telecommunication and Computer Technology are

the 2 major advances in information and

communication technology

• Telecommunication is the electronic exchange of

information

• Various uses of Telecommunication

– Telephones

– Faxes

– Teleconferences

– Mobile Phones

ICT• Computer Technology

• It is the head and heart of information technology as it

has brought tremendous change in the communication

facilities

• Computer is an electronic device which processes the

information given to it and gives the desired results

• Various uses of computer technology

– Internet

– Email

– Voice Mail

– CD-ROM Database

– Pen Drive

Nano Technology

• Nanotechnology is defined as “study and use of

structures between 1 Nano-meter and 100 Nano-

meters in size”

• Applications of Nano Technology in Medicine

– Medicine – Treat Cancer

– Smart Drugs – Eliminate the cause of ailment

– Future Drugs – Heart Diseases, Diabetes, fertility

issues, Brain issues etc

– Cell and Bone Regeneration

Nano Technology• Applications of Nano Technology in Consumer

Products

– Electronics

– Food – how food is grown, packaged, improve taste, safety

and health benefits

– Solar Cells – Nano solar cells costing less than solar cells

– Batteries

• Space

• Fuels

• Cleaner Water

• Chemical Sensors

• Fabrics