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Modern Methods of Modern Methods of  Ligand Refinement  Ligand Refinement   and Analysis   and Analysis     Using Coot     Using Coot     Judit Debreczeni Judit Debreczeni

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Page 1: Modern Methods of Ligand Refinement and Analysis Using Coot€¦ · Modern Methods of Ligand Refinement and Analysis Using Coot Judit Debreczeni . Ligands in Coot Importing and building

Modern Methods ofModern Methods of Ligand Refinement Ligand Refinement  and Analysis  and Analysis    Using Coot    Using Coot

    Judit DebreczeniJudit Debreczeni

Page 2: Modern Methods of Ligand Refinement and Analysis Using Coot€¦ · Modern Methods of Ligand Refinement and Analysis Using Coot Judit Debreczeni . Ligands in Coot Importing and building

Ligands in Coot Importing and building ligands from scratchImporting and building ligands from scratch

prodrg, libcheckprodrg, libcheck Monomer library search, Sbase searchMonomer library search, Sbase search 2D Ligand builder2D Ligand builder Atom name and torsion matchAtom name and torsion match

Ligand fittingLigand fitting ValidationValidation

MogulMogul RepresentationRepresentation

Bond odrdersBond odrders SurfacesSurfaces

AnalysisAnalysis MolprobityMolprobity Lidia:Lidia:

Ligand display for interaction and analysisLigand display for interaction and analysis

Page 3: Modern Methods of Ligand Refinement and Analysis Using Coot€¦ · Modern Methods of Ligand Refinement and Analysis Using Coot Judit Debreczeni . Ligands in Coot Importing and building

Getting started...Getting started... Coordinates (pdb) and dictionary (cif)Coordinates (pdb) and dictionary (cif)

 (Import CIF dictionary) (Import CIF dictionary) libcheck interface (smi)libcheck interface (smi)

 (SMILES...) (SMILES...) monomer library searchmonomer library search

(Get monomer..., Search monomer library...)(Get monomer..., Search monomer library...) Restraints editor guiRestraints editor gui prodrg interfaceprodrg interface

 (Prodrgify this residue...) (Prodrgify this residue...) 2D editor2D editor sbase searchsbase search

Page 4: Modern Methods of Ligand Refinement and Analysis Using Coot€¦ · Modern Methods of Ligand Refinement and Analysis Using Coot Judit Debreczeni . Ligands in Coot Importing and building

2D Ligand Builder2D Ligand Builder Free sketchFree sketch sbase searchsbase search

Page 5: Modern Methods of Ligand Refinement and Analysis Using Coot€¦ · Modern Methods of Ligand Refinement and Analysis Using Coot Judit Debreczeni . Ligands in Coot Importing and building

Yesterday's ligands...Yesterday's ligands... Atom name matchingAtom name matching Torsion matchingTorsion matching Ligand overlayLigand overlay

Page 6: Modern Methods of Ligand Refinement and Analysis Using Coot€¦ · Modern Methods of Ligand Refinement and Analysis Using Coot Judit Debreczeni . Ligands in Coot Importing and building

Ligand FittingLigand Fitting

c.f.c.f. Oldfield (2001)  Oldfield (2001) Acta Cryst. DActa Cryst. D  X­LIGANDX­LIGAND

Somewhat different torsion search Somewhat different torsion search algorithmalgorithm

Build in crystal­spaceBuild in crystal­space

Page 7: Modern Methods of Ligand Refinement and Analysis Using Coot€¦ · Modern Methods of Ligand Refinement and Analysis Using Coot Judit Debreczeni . Ligands in Coot Importing and building
Page 8: Modern Methods of Ligand Refinement and Analysis Using Coot€¦ · Modern Methods of Ligand Refinement and Analysis Using Coot Judit Debreczeni . Ligands in Coot Importing and building
Page 9: Modern Methods of Ligand Refinement and Analysis Using Coot€¦ · Modern Methods of Ligand Refinement and Analysis Using Coot Judit Debreczeni . Ligands in Coot Importing and building

REFMAC Monomer Library REFMAC Monomer Library chem_comp_bondchem_comp_bond

loop__chem_comp_bond.comp_id_chem_comp_bond.atom_id_1_chem_comp_bond.atom_id_2_chem_comp_bond.type_chem_comp_bond.value_dist_chem_comp_bond.value_dist_esd ALA N H single 0.860 0.020 ALA N CA single 1.458 0.019 ALA CA HA single 0.980 0.020 ALA CA CB single 1.521 0.033 ALA CB HB1 single 0.960 0.020 ALA CB HB2 single 0.960 0.020 ALA CB HB3 single 0.960 0.020 ALA CA C single 1.525 0.021 ALA C O double 1.231 0.020

Page 10: Modern Methods of Ligand Refinement and Analysis Using Coot€¦ · Modern Methods of Ligand Refinement and Analysis Using Coot Judit Debreczeni . Ligands in Coot Importing and building

REFMAC Monomer Library REFMAC Monomer Library chem_comp_torchem_comp_tor

loop__chem_comp_tor.comp_id_chem_comp_tor.id_chem_comp_tor.atom_id_1_chem_comp_tor.atom_id_2_chem_comp_tor.atom_id_3_chem_comp_tor.atom_id_4_chem_comp_tor.value_angle_chem_comp_tor.value_angle_esd_chem_comp_tor.period ADP var_1 O2A PA O3A PB 59.999 20.000 1 ADP var_2 PA O3A PB O1B 60.003 20.000 1 ADP var_3 O2A PA O5* C5* -59.997 20.000 1 ADP var_4 PA O5* C5* C4* 180.000 20.000 1 ADP var_5 O5* C5* C4* C3* 176.890 20.000 3 ADP var_6 C5* C4* O4* C1* 150.000 20.000 1 ADP var_7 C5* C4* C3* C2* -150.000 20.000 3

Page 11: Modern Methods of Ligand Refinement and Analysis Using Coot€¦ · Modern Methods of Ligand Refinement and Analysis Using Coot Judit Debreczeni . Ligands in Coot Importing and building

Ligand Torsionable Angle Probability from CIF file 

Page 12: Modern Methods of Ligand Refinement and Analysis Using Coot€¦ · Modern Methods of Ligand Refinement and Analysis Using Coot Judit Debreczeni . Ligands in Coot Importing and building
Page 13: Modern Methods of Ligand Refinement and Analysis Using Coot€¦ · Modern Methods of Ligand Refinement and Analysis Using Coot Judit Debreczeni . Ligands in Coot Importing and building
Page 14: Modern Methods of Ligand Refinement and Analysis Using Coot€¦ · Modern Methods of Ligand Refinement and Analysis Using Coot Judit Debreczeni . Ligands in Coot Importing and building
Page 15: Modern Methods of Ligand Refinement and Analysis Using Coot€¦ · Modern Methods of Ligand Refinement and Analysis Using Coot Judit Debreczeni . Ligands in Coot Importing and building

Crystal SpaceCrystal Space

Build in “crystal space” Like real­space, but wrapped by crystal 

symmetry Like “Asteroids”

Assures only one real­space representation of map features Build everything only once, No symmetry clashing

However, more difficult to calculate real space geometries …such as bonds, torsions 

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Crystal SpaceCrystal Space

Building in crystal space is good:Building in crystal space is good: We don’t need to define where the protein is We don’t need to define where the protein is 

and create an extended map that surrounds itand create an extended map that surrounds it We don’t have to worry about the relative We don’t have to worry about the relative 

position of the ligand and the proteinposition of the ligand and the protein Unknown “BORDER” parameterUnknown “BORDER” parameter

We find (and fit) each site exactly onceWe find (and fit) each site exactly once No symmetry problemsNo symmetry problems

Page 17: Modern Methods of Ligand Refinement and Analysis Using Coot€¦ · Modern Methods of Ligand Refinement and Analysis Using Coot Judit Debreczeni . Ligands in Coot Importing and building
Page 18: Modern Methods of Ligand Refinement and Analysis Using Coot€¦ · Modern Methods of Ligand Refinement and Analysis Using Coot Judit Debreczeni . Ligands in Coot Importing and building
Page 19: Modern Methods of Ligand Refinement and Analysis Using Coot€¦ · Modern Methods of Ligand Refinement and Analysis Using Coot Judit Debreczeni . Ligands in Coot Importing and building
Page 20: Modern Methods of Ligand Refinement and Analysis Using Coot€¦ · Modern Methods of Ligand Refinement and Analysis Using Coot Judit Debreczeni . Ligands in Coot Importing and building
Page 21: Modern Methods of Ligand Refinement and Analysis Using Coot€¦ · Modern Methods of Ligand Refinement and Analysis Using Coot Judit Debreczeni . Ligands in Coot Importing and building

Clipper Map MappingClipper Map Mapping

Clipper mapsClipper maps Appear to be “infinite”Appear to be “infinite” Density value can be queried anywhere in Density value can be queried anywhere in 

spacespace

Page 22: Modern Methods of Ligand Refinement and Analysis Using Coot€¦ · Modern Methods of Ligand Refinement and Analysis Using Coot Judit Debreczeni . Ligands in Coot Importing and building
Page 23: Modern Methods of Ligand Refinement and Analysis Using Coot€¦ · Modern Methods of Ligand Refinement and Analysis Using Coot Judit Debreczeni . Ligands in Coot Importing and building
Page 24: Modern Methods of Ligand Refinement and Analysis Using Coot€¦ · Modern Methods of Ligand Refinement and Analysis Using Coot Judit Debreczeni . Ligands in Coot Importing and building
Page 25: Modern Methods of Ligand Refinement and Analysis Using Coot€¦ · Modern Methods of Ligand Refinement and Analysis Using Coot Judit Debreczeni . Ligands in Coot Importing and building
Page 26: Modern Methods of Ligand Refinement and Analysis Using Coot€¦ · Modern Methods of Ligand Refinement and Analysis Using Coot Judit Debreczeni . Ligands in Coot Importing and building
Page 27: Modern Methods of Ligand Refinement and Analysis Using Coot€¦ · Modern Methods of Ligand Refinement and Analysis Using Coot Judit Debreczeni . Ligands in Coot Importing and building
Page 28: Modern Methods of Ligand Refinement and Analysis Using Coot€¦ · Modern Methods of Ligand Refinement and Analysis Using Coot Judit Debreczeni . Ligands in Coot Importing and building

Conformation IdealizationConformation Idealization Each conformer is passed through the “Regularization” Each conformer is passed through the “Regularization” 

function of Cootfunction of Coot Non­bonded terms includedNon­bonded terms included

Better to have hydrogen atoms on the modelBetter to have hydrogen atoms on the model

Slows slows things down a good deal…Slows slows things down a good deal… May not be the best method to explore conformational May not be the best method to explore conformational 

variability for many rotatable bondsvariability for many rotatable bonds

Page 29: Modern Methods of Ligand Refinement and Analysis Using Coot€¦ · Modern Methods of Ligand Refinement and Analysis Using Coot Judit Debreczeni . Ligands in Coot Importing and building

Ligand validationLigand validation

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sulfate ions in 1DW9sulfate ions in 1DW9 1.65Å resolution1.65Å resolution R/Rfree: 0.15/0.19R/Rfree: 0.15/0.19

70K structures in the PDB70K structures in the PDB 11K chemical compounds in 50K structures11K chemical compounds in 50K structures

Why validate?Why validate?

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Ligand validationLigand validation How to validate ligand geometry?How to validate ligand geometry?

Compare the observed structure to the restraintsCompare the observed structure to the restraints

Coot: Validate/Geometry analysisCoot: Validate/Geometry analysis

but what if the parametrisation is wrong?but what if the parametrisation is wrong?

Perfect refinement with wrong restraintsPerfect refinement with wrong restraints

                            →→  distorted geometrydistorted geometry

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Ligand validationLigand validationHow to validate ligand geometry?How to validate ligand geometry?

  QM (minimised structures, forces on atoms)QM (minimised structures, forces on atoms) CPU hungryCPU hungry in vacuoin vacuo low energy conformation does not necessarily low energy conformation does not necessarily 

correspond to the ligand­bound conformationcorrespond to the ligand­bound conformation   PDB (e.g. ValLigURL)PDB (e.g. ValLigURL)

good source of cofactor structures,good source of cofactor structures, less useful for novel ligandsless useful for novel ligands occasionally questionable qualityoccasionally questionable quality

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Ligand validationLigand validationHow to validate ligand geometry?How to validate ligand geometry?

  CSD (are small molecule geometries relevant in CSD (are small molecule geometries relevant in protein structures?)protein structures?)Mogul:Mogul:   knowledgebase of geometricknowledgebase of geometric

parameters based on CSDparameters based on CSD   can be run as batch jobcan be run as batch job

on pdb fileson pdb files(automatic atom typing)(automatic atom typing)

  mean, Z­score, # of hits etc.mean, Z­score, # of hits etc.

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Ligand validationLigand validation Mogul plugin in Coot:Mogul plugin in Coot:

run Mogul from cootrun Mogul from coot update/correct restraints (target and esd for bonds, angles)update/correct restraints (target and esd for bonds, angles)

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Ligand validationLigand validation Sources of errors  Sources of errors  

Incorrect parametrisationIncorrect parametrisation Incorrect fitting: wrong ligand or density not Incorrect fitting: wrong ligand or density not 

supporting conformation or binding modesupporting conformation or binding modePDB­code: 1CTR, TFP residuePDB­code: 1CTR, TFP residue      ­ alternate conformation not modelled­ alternate conformation not modelled      ­ methyl­piperazin group planar­ methyl­piperazin group planar

N

S

N

N

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Ligand validationLigand validation   AZ vs PDB: similar error ratesAZ vs PDB: similar error rates

bonds: better, corrected in­house librariesbonds: better, corrected in­house librariesangles: not tightly restrained (+ errors in restraints)angles: not tightly restrained (+ errors in restraints)torsions: not restrained, different from small mol. valuestorsions: not restrained, different from small mol. values

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Bonds Angles Torsions

PDB AZ PDB AZ PDB AZ

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.1 .2 .3r_factor

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.2 .3 .4r_free

No hits

Unusual

(few hits)

Not unusual

(few hits)

Unusual

(enough hits)

Not unusual

(enough hits)

Ligand quality not correlated with overall structure qualityLigand quality not correlated with overall structure quality

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Ligand representationsLigand representations

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Ligand representationsLigand representations Bond order representationBond order representation

   from dictionary definitions   from dictionary definitionsloop__chem_comp_bond.comp_id_chem_comp_bond.atom_id_1_chem_comp_bond.atom_id_2_chem_comp_bond.type_chem_comp_bond.value_dist_chem_comp_bond.value_dist_esd 824      C5     O1        double      1.230    0.017 824      C5     N1        aromatic    1.330    0.020 824      C5     C4        aromatic    1.330    0.020 824      N1     H13       single      1.000    0.022 824      C6     N1        aromatic    1.330    0.020...etc

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Partial chargesPartial chargesSurfacesSurfaces

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SurfacesSurfaces Transparent surfaces ­ surface complementarityTransparent surfaces ­ surface complementarity

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Binding mode analysisBinding mode analysis Binding site highlightingBinding site highlighting Isolated molprobity dotsIsolated molprobity dots

Page 42: Modern Methods of Ligand Refinement and Analysis Using Coot€¦ · Modern Methods of Ligand Refinement and Analysis Using Coot Judit Debreczeni . Ligands in Coot Importing and building

Binding mode analysisBinding mode analysis Binding site highlightingBinding site highlighting Isolated molprobity dotsIsolated molprobity dots

Page 43: Modern Methods of Ligand Refinement and Analysis Using Coot€¦ · Modern Methods of Ligand Refinement and Analysis Using Coot Judit Debreczeni . Ligands in Coot Importing and building

Ligand environment layoutLigand environment layout 2D ligand pocket layout (ligplot, poseview)2D ligand pocket layout (ligplot, poseview)

Can we do better?

Page 44: Modern Methods of Ligand Refinement and Analysis Using Coot€¦ · Modern Methods of Ligand Refinement and Analysis Using Coot Judit Debreczeni . Ligands in Coot Importing and building

Ligand environment layoutLigand environment layout Binding pocket residuesBinding pocket residues InteractionsInteractions Substitution contourSubstitution contour Solvent accessibility halosSolvent accessibility halos

Page 45: Modern Methods of Ligand Refinement and Analysis Using Coot€¦ · Modern Methods of Ligand Refinement and Analysis Using Coot Judit Debreczeni . Ligands in Coot Importing and building

Ligand environment layoutLigand environment layout ConsiderationsConsiderations

2D placement and distances should reflect 3D 2D placement and distances should reflect 3D metricsmetrics (as much as possible)(as much as possible)

Residues should not overlap the ligandResidues should not overlap the ligand Residues should not overlap each otherResidues should not overlap each other H­bonded residues should be close to atoms to H­bonded residues should be close to atoms to 

which they are bondedwhich they are bonded ((etc.etc.)) c.f. Clark & Labute (2007)c.f. Clark & Labute (2007)

Work in progress

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Ligand environment layoutLigand environment layout Initial residue placementInitial residue placement

Page 47: Modern Methods of Ligand Refinement and Analysis Using Coot€¦ · Modern Methods of Ligand Refinement and Analysis Using Coot Judit Debreczeni . Ligands in Coot Importing and building

Ligand environment layoutLigand environment layout Residue position minimisationResidue position minimisation

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Solvent exposure calculationSolvent exposure calculation Identification of solvent accessible atomsIdentification of solvent accessible atoms Different from substitution contourDifferent from substitution contour

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AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements Paul EmsleyPaul Emsley Bernhard LohkampBernhard Lohkamp Kevin CowtanKevin Cowtan

Libraries, dictionariesLibraries, dictionaries Alexei Vagin, Eugene Krissinel, Stuart McNicholasAlexei Vagin, Eugene Krissinel, Stuart McNicholas Richardsons (Duke)Richardsons (Duke) Martin Noble (electrostatic surfaces)Martin Noble (electrostatic surfaces)

http://www.biop.ox.ac.uk/coot/http://www.biop.ox.ac.uk/coot/

or or

Google: CootGoogle: Coot