Modern Housing Technologies

Modern Housing Technologies12

Modern Housing Technologies

Aldi John A. Dela CruzHHS/Ar057

TABLE OF CONTENTS:1. MODULAR HOUSING SYSTEM..(2) MHS prefab technology(2) MHS Responsibility..(3) Builder/developer(3) How long does it to build(3) What is the cost? (3) Modern furniture.(4) MHS prefab plans...(3-4) Materials.(4)2. LOW COST HOUSING TECHNOLOGY .(5-6) LOW COST CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGIES (6-7) COST EFFECTIVENESS OF USING LOW COST HOUSING TECHNOLOGIES(7) CONCLUSION(7) LOW COST TECH. TABLE (8)3. SEISMIC BASE ISOLATION(9-10) Benefits and savings(10-11) MAINTENANCE.(11)4. REFERENCES..(12)

I: MODULAR HOUSING SYSTEMS:Modular Housing Systems (MHS) introducing a solution to the limitations of prefab. A modular home is divided into smaller factorymade components designed for easy assembly on a homesite. Depending on the design of these modules, you can have more variations realized in that onsite assembly while still having the benefits of box factory production. It can be as large as you like, even if the individual modules can still be no larger than a normal home or even smaller as Kithaus. Unfortunately, the true potential of modular housing has never been realized until now, because designers have never had experience and worked with true modular component units. Modular housing has typically been identical in character to prefab housing except that a house could be composed of anew pre-fabricated parts rather than just one manufactured box. The modular components can more easily to replace individually and maintenance during the life of structure. MHS prefab with its modular components allows a home to be built faster, stronger, more efficiently, with much less labor and waste than is common with conventional home construction.MHS prefab technologyCan be used for any number of applications including commercial, residential, hotels, condos, townhouse, cabanas, camp, portable offices, school, portable medical units, beach facilities, pool stands, and much more. MHS prefab technology is a green solution for mass housing construction. Using local contractors, materials and labors to help community grow, create a job, cost effective and true sustainable green construction.MHS create modular standard homes by its components; it is not a modular box manufactured house.You can save time and money when you import the MHS components for assembly on the site, small to large construction. MHS prefabricated parts comes to the site for assembly.We cant give you the complete house prices for export because of MHS is an assembly site building system.

MHS ResponsibilityMHS provide you architectural design, complete drawings, structural calculations components fabrication, panels, project design manual and delivery to building site for assembly. MHS engineering dept. can help with local permit application with your architect and contractor. We can also provide a construction consultant and expert MHS supervisor for your project to work with your team.Builder/developerAre responsible for all permits, all site work including the foundation, rough in for plumbing and electrical.You may even chose to complete MHS prefab house with the local finishing materials. We provide you with framing of the house including structure, roof, wall, floor and accessories with an installation design manual.How long does it to buildTimes vary based on the size of the house, however typically for a good size home delivery will take 6months and construction will take 6 weeks. Smaller houses are normally built more quickly. Factors such as weather, etc. can affect construction time.What is the cost?With so many choices of floor plans and finishing materials prices can vary widely. In addition the type of kitchen chosen, the size of the house, the number or bathrooms all determine the cost.In general cost from manufacturing is varied (please contact us for update)Cost of the exterior and interior finishing of MHS prefab building system is much less than conventional construction. Its easy to install and replace all.Modern furnitureWe offer a variety of interior furnishing design for MHS prefab home owners from one of our licensee to meet your expectation of the modern environment as well as floor covering and landscaping.MHS prefab plansMHS prefab construction allows for almost unlimited configuration possibilities.This allows the house to fit perfectly on your site, positioned to maximize views, sun or natural features.Living rooms, bedrooms and bathrooms can be located virtually anywhere allowing for an endless choice of configurations, including, but not limited to rectangular, ushaped, square, and even circle if you prefer.We work with you and your architect to maximize the site and your opportunity.Shown here are a selection of images for our model home designs and their possible floor plan variations.Our professionally developed designs have been crafted to produce an elegant synthesis of Modernist style and casual comfort while making the most of the many virtues of our unique building system. We offer designs to suit a variety of locations and lifestyle needs.MHS homes could be design custom with a variety of building materials for interior and exterior use.Many of the items could be selected from our project design manual to help achieve the interior architecture as many style residential vision.MaterialsMHS prefinished, prefabricated components that all tested and ready to assemble. It is designed and built like a hightech luxury aluminum products where every part is finely crafted for a perfect connection and details. MHS prefab framing is mechanically attached by locking mechanism systems invented by architectural engineer Tim Siahatgar, rather than relying on adhesives, nail and screw or even welding.

II: LOW COST HOUSING TECHNOLOGY:Adequate shelter for all people is one of the pressing challenges faced by the developing countries. India is currently facing a shortage of about 17.6 million houses. The dream of owning a house particularly for low-income and middle-income families is becoming a difficult reality. Hence, it has become a necessity to adopt cost effective, innovative and environment-friendly housing technologies for the construction of houses and buildings for enabling the common people to construct houses at affordable cost. This paper compares construction cost for the traditional and low cost housing technologies. Case studies in India are used for the investigation. Construction methods of foundation, walling, roofing and lintel are compared. Strength and durability of the structure, stability, safety and mental satisfaction are factors that assume top priority during cost reduction. It is found that about 26.11% and 22.68% of the construction cost can be saved by using low cost housing technologies in comparison with the traditional construction methods in the case studies for walling and roofing respectively. This proves that using low cost housing technologies is a cost effective construction approach for the industry.THE TRADITIONAL CONSTRUCTION METHODSThe traditional construction methods are used in the case study. The detail procedures of each step used for the case study are as follow: Foundation: Foundation is the lowest part of the structure which is provided to distribute loads to the soil thus providing base for the super-structure. Excavation work is first carried out, then earth-work is filled with available earth and ends with watering and compaction in a 6 thick layer. Cement concrete: Plain cement concrete is used to form a leveled surface on the excavated soil. The volumetric concrete mix proportion of 1:4:8 (cement: sand: aggregate), with a 6 thick layer for masonry foundation and column footings is used. Plain cement concrete is finished on the excavated soil strata and mixed by manual process. Wall construction: Size stone masonry for foundation is constructed for outer walls and burnt brick masonry of a 9 thick layer for main walls and a 4 thick layer for all internal walls. Good quality table-molded bricks are used for the construction. Reinforced cement concrete slab and beam: The normal procedure to cast reinforced cement concrete slab is to make shuttering and provide reinforcement and concreting. Good steel or plywood formwork is used, with proper cover blocks between bars. Both aggregate and sand used are clean, with aggregate being graded. After the concrete is poured, it is properly consolidated. Plastering: Plastering is used for the ceiling, inside and outside walls. Joints are raked before plastering and proper curing is ensured. Flooring: For the flooring purpose, the earth is properly filled and consolidated in the ratio of 1:4:8 (cement: sand: aggregate) concrete. Plumbing: Good quality plumbing materials are used and passed hydraulic test before using it. Painting and finishing: Before the painting process, surface is prepared with putty and primer and a ready-made paint is usedLOW COST CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGIES It is found that cost-effective and alternative construction technologies, which apart from reducing construction cost by the reduction of quantity of building materials through improved and innovative techniques, can play a great role in providing better housing methods and protecting the environment. It should be noted that cost-effective construction technologies do not compromise with safety and security of the buildings and mostly follow the prevailing building codes. The detail procedures of each step used for the case study are as follow: Foundation: Arch foundation is used in which walls are supported on the brick or stone masonry. For the construction of the foundation, the use of available materials such as brick or concrete blocks can be made to resist lateral forces buttresses at the corner. Walling: Rat trap bond technology is used in the case study. It is an alternative brick bonding system for English and Flemish Bond. The reduced number of joints can reduce mortar consumption. No plastering of the outside face is required and the wall usually is quite aesthetically pleasing and air gaps created within the wall help making the house thermally comfortable. In summer, the temperature inside the house is usually at least 5 degrees lower that the outside ambient temperature and vice versa in winter. Roofing: A filler slab roofing system is used which based on the principle that for roofs which are simply supported, the upper part of the slab is subjected to compressive forces and the lower part of the slab experience tensile forces. Concrete is very good in withstanding compressive forces and steel bears the load due to tensile forces. Thus the low tensile region of the slab does not need any concrete except for holding steel reinforcements together. Flooring: Flooring is generally made of terracotta tiles or color oxides. Bedding is made out of broken brick bats. Various patterns and designs are used, depending on shape, size of tiles, span of flooring, and clients personal preference. Plastering: Plastering can be avoided on the walls, frequent expenditure on finishes and its maintenance is avoided. Properly protected brick wall will never lose its color or finish. Doors and windows: As door and window frames are responsible for almost half the cost of timber used, avoiding frames can considerably reduce timber cost. Door planks are screwed together with strap iron hinges to form doors, and this can be carried by holdfast carried into the wall. The simplest and cost effective door can be made of vertical planks held together with horizontal or diagonal battens. A simplest frameless window consists of a vertical plank of about 9 wide set into two holes, one at the top and one at the bottom. This forms a simple pivotal window. Wide span windows can be partially framed and fixed to walls or can have rows of pivotal planks.COST EFFECTIVENESS OF USING LOW COST HOUSING TECHNOLOGIES The construction methods of walling and roofing are selected for the detail cost analysis based on available resources from the interviews. Table 1 and Table 2 summarize the cost analysis of the traditional construction methods and the low cost housing technologies in the case studies for walling and roofing respectively. It is found that about 26.11% and 22.68% of the construction cost, including material and labor cost, can be saved by using the low cost housing technologies in comparison with the traditional construction methods for walling and roofing respectively. Suggestion for reducing construction cost in this paper is of general nature and it varies depending upon the nature of the building to be constructed and budget of the owner. However, it is necessary that good planning and design methods shall be adopted by utilizing the services of an experienced engineer or an architect for supervising the work, thereby achieving overall cost effectiveness.CONCLUSION The dream of owning a house particularly for low-income and middle-income families is becoming a difficult reality. It is necessary to adopt cost effective, innovative and environment-friendly housing technologies for the construction. This paper examined the cost effectiveness of using low cost housing technologies in comparison with the traditional construction methods. Two case studies in India were conducted. It was found that about 26.11% and 22.68% of the construction cost, including material and labor cost, can be saved by using the low cost housing technologies in comparison with the traditional construction methods for walling and roofing respectively. This proves the benefits and the trends for implementing low cost housing technologies in the industry.

III: SEISMIC BASE ISOLATION Seismic isolation is a relatively new concept in earthquake engineering, having been introduced in the early 1980s in the USA and New Zealand, and as early as 1975 in the former Soviet Union. Quite simply, the idea underlying the technology is to detach the building from the ground in such a way that the earthquake motions are not transmitted up through the building, or are at least greatly reduced. Seismic isolation is most often installed at the base level of a building and is called base isolation. This new concept meets all the criteria for a classic modern technological innovation: the necessary imaginative advances in conceptual thinking, new materials available to the industry, and as can be seen in the WHE reports using isolators, simultaneous development of the ideas worldwide.The principle of seismic isolation is to introduce flexibility at the base of a structure in the horizontal plane, while at the same time introducing damping elements to restrict the amplitude of the motion caused by the earthquake. The concept of seismic isolation became more feasible with the successful development of mechanical energy dissipators and elastomers with high damping properties. Seismic isolation can significantly reduce both floor accelerations and interstory drift and provide a viable economic solution to the difficult problem of reducing nonstructural earthquake damage.There are three basic elements in any practical seismic isolation system. These are as follows: A flexible mounting so that the period of vibration of the total system is lengthened sufficiently to reduce the force response A damper or energy dissipator so that the relative deflections between building and ground can be controlled to a practical design level A means of providing rigidity under low (service) load levels, such as wind and minor earthquakesSeismic isolation achieves a reduction in earthquake forces by lengthening the period of vibration in which the structure responds to the earthquake motions. The most significant benefits obtained from isolation are thus in structures for which the fundamental period of the building without isolation is shortless than one second. Therefore, seismic isolation is most applicable for low-rise and medium-rise buildings and becomes less effective for high-rise structures.The WHE reports describe the applications of two different isolation systems: Rubber-based isolation system Sliding-belt isolation systemThe rubber-based isolation system has been widely used in China (WHE Report 9). The system consists of laminated rubber bearings, with a diameter of 350 mm to 600 mm and a thickness of 160 mm to 200 mm. The isolators are reinforced by thin steel sheets. The isolators are installed on top of the basement walls or the columns, or at the plinth level in buildings without a basement. The most common application in China is for those buildings where the superstructure consists of common multistory, brick-masonry walls with reinforced concrete floors/roof. The cost of this system is US$145/m2. By the end of 2003, the system had been used in over 460 residential buildings in China. Sliding-belt isolation systems are installed at the base of the building between the foundation and the superstructure. The sliding belt consists of the following elements: (a) sliding supports, including the 2-mm-thick stainless steel plates attached to the foundation and 4-mm Teflon (PTFE) plates attached to the superstructure, (b) reinforced rubber restraints for horizontal displacements (horizontal stop), and (c) restraints for vertical displacements (uplift)vertical stops. Once the earthquake base shear force exceeds the level of the friction force developed in the sliding belt, the building (superstructure) starts to slide relative to the foundation. A typical large-panel building with plan dimensions 39.6 m x 10.8 m has 63 sliding supports and 70 horizontal and vertical restraints. The sliding-belt scheme was developed in CNIISK, Kucherenko (Moscow) around 1975. The first design application in Kyrgyzstan was made in 1982. To date, the system has been applied in over 30 buildings in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan. The applications include 9-story, large, concrete panel buildings and 3-story brick masonry wall buildings.

Benefits and savings: Base isolation allows for a reduction in structural elements of the building with less ductile detailing needed Crawl spaces or basements can have multiple benefits e.g. in siting services, additional income from a car park, flexibility for future development Protection of the CONTENTS with controlled movement caused by seismic isolators contents are not subject to violent and sudden shakes thereby reducing the impact on the contents Protection of the integrity of the internal structures e.g. stairs, internal walls, partitions Building is safer for occupants and contents are protected Continuity of operations is much more likely Maintenance: Contrary to belief, seismic isolation devices require no maintenance during the life of the building Following any significant event they should be inspected to ensure bolts and load plates are still in place Devices do not need replacing after an earthquake unless the event was in excess of their design specification in which case we recommend the removal of some devices for testing Because the building is protected from major damage, repair costs following an earthquake will be lower to non-existent We remain convinced of the effectiveness ONLY of seismic isolation in the protection not only of the external structure but also the contents and in maximizing the potential for immediate business continuation.

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