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THE RESEARCH AND PROFESSIONAL LIAISON COMMITTEE

National Association of College Gymnastic Coaches (N.A.C.G.C.)

and National Gymnastic Clinic (Sarasota) CHAIRMAN : Dr. Hartley Price, Florida

State University; Tallahassee, Florida ANNOUNCEMENT: Four Research Awards

will be offered this year. GYMNASTIC RESEARCH AWARDS for

1966-1967 I . The C. H . McCloy Honor Research

Award of the Notional Gymnastic Clin­ic-Sarasota-$IOO. (President, Fronk Cumiskey, RFD Westwood; Rockleigh, New Jersey). Decided at Sarasota.

2. Two Honor Research Awards of the NACGC (Notional Association of Col­lege Gymnastic Coaches)-$IOO each . (President, J a k e Geier, Gymnastic Coach, University of Nebraska; Lin­coln , Nebraska). a. Western Award - USGF Notional

Clinic (Chairman, Dr . William Gust­afson)

b. Eastern Award - USGF Notional Eastern Clinic (Chairman, Dr. Hart­ley Price)

Also at the Gymnastic Clinic at Tucson, Arizona: 3 . The Gym Moster Company Research

Grant-$200. (Director, Mr. Sam Bailie, University of Arizona; Tucson , Arizona) .

CRITERION OF COMMITTEE: The committee wishes to stres,s that

studies that benefit a large group rather than a small group will be favored. PROCEDURE OF CANDIDATES:

Candidates cannot submit their outlines to both clinics. A choice must be mode. I. A prospectus of the problem must be

submitted by November I . a . Studies for considerati on for the

Honor Research Awards of the No­tional Gymnastic Clinic or the NACGC (Notional Association of College Gymnastic Coaches ) Eastern Award (USGF Notional Eastern Clin­ic) must be submitted to Dr. Hart­ley Price, Fl or ida State University, by November I . The prospectus will then be passed on to the sub-com­mittee of the Research Award Committee in order to decide the winning candidates . It will facili ­tate matters if several copies of the prospectus ore sent to me .

b. Studies for consideration for the NACGC Western Award and the Gym Moster 'Grant at Tucson, Ari­zona, must be submitted to Dr. Wil­liam Gustafson, Son Jose State Col­lege; Son Jose, California .

2. The Prospectus af the Research: a . The candidates shou ld include the

following points in their prospectus: (I) Outline the problem (2) States the hypotheses (3) Indicate the methods to be used (4) Report the bibliography that was

used in approaching the problem (5) Justify the research

b. The deadl ine for the prospectus for this year's award will be: Novem­ber 30, 1966.

c. Indicate the progress that has been made up-to-date on the research .

d. The members of the sub-committee will decide what candidate will re­receive the award after studying the prospecti. Therefore, the pros­pecti should be very complete.

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1966 U.S.G.F. NATIONAL MEN'S GYMNASTIC CHAMPIONSHIP

See the highlights of the recent men's gymnastic championship held at the Air Force Academy.

The finest gymnasts in the country (Mitchell, Weiss, Kanzaki, Millman, Allen, Freudenstein, etc.> tan be seen perform­ing their optional routines on all six Olympic events. See Katsutoshi Kanzaki of Japan executing new tricks and styles.

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VOLUME VIII OCTOBER, 1966 NUMBER 10

CONTENTS

NOTES FROM THE EDITOR .... .. Glenn Sundby 5 CHALK TALK ... ..... .. ..... .... ........ .. ... .... ... .. .... ..... 6 U.s. OLYMPIC TRAINING CAMP .. Dick Criley 7 FOURTH ANNUAL

SANTA MONICA GYMFEST .. :.. ....... ...... .... 8 STAMPS AND GYMNASTICS .. Harry Johnson 10 THE AMAZING JAPANESE .... Dr. Eric Hughes 11 CANADIAN REPORT ........ ......... .John Nooney 12 FRANK SCHMITZ .... ..... .. ................... ........ .. .. 18 TRAMPOLINING ........ .. ....... .... .Jess Robinson 20 "Y-NEWS" ...... .............. .... Kenneth W. Hollis 22 GYMNASTICS IN

PHYSICAL EDUCATION .... A. B. Frederick 26 LET'S GO ALL-AROUND ....... ... ... . Art Shurlock 28 WOMEN'S NORTH SOUTH INVITATIONAL .. 24 NOTES FROM A

NEUROTIC JUDGE ... ...... .. ......... .. Roy Davis 30 CONDITIONING FOR

COMPETITION .... ............ .... ... ... Dick Wolfe 31 PEACH BASKET

TO HANDSTAND ............... ....... .. Don Tonry 32 LETTERS ... .. ................ .. .. ....... The MG Readers 33

COVER: The World of Gymnastic Stamps. Caver photo and article by Harry Johnson (see page 10 ),

GLEN N SU N DBY .. .... ................... ... ... .. ........ .... Editor-Publisher ASSOCIATE EDITORS

A. BRUCE FREDERICK ... ... .... .... ... ... .................. ... ... Educati on DR. JAMES S. BOSCO .... .. .. .... ..... ... .... .. ... .... ...... ... .... Research DICK CR I LEY ... ....... ... ..... .. ..... ... ....... .. ....... ......... .. ..... Statistics J 1M FARKAS ....... ....... ... .... .. ........ ............ .... ........ . Instruction JERRY WRIGHT ...... ... ......... .... ...... ............. ......... Competition FRANK L. BARE ....... ............. .......... ......... .... ............. .. .. USGF JESS ROBINSON .............. ... ... ... .. ... .. ... .... ..... ... ....... Trampoline ROY DAVIS ..... .. ............. .. .......... .... ....... ... ............... .. . Judging JACKIE KLEIN UPHUES ..... ........... ... ... ... ........ ............. Women GRACE KA YWELL ... ....... ............. ... ...... ..... ................ ... Ballet KENNETH W . HOLLIS ......... .. ........... ... ..... ... .... ........... YMCA

INTERNATIONAL JOHN NOONEY ....... ... .... ... .... ... .... .. .. .......... ........... ... .. Canada KURT BAECHLER ... ... ......... ... .. ............ ..... ................... Europe HELMUT ROHNISCH ... ...... .... ..... .. ..... ...... ........... Scandinavia YURI SABIROV ......... .. ..... .... ..... ..... .... ...... ... ....... ......... . Russia BRUD CLEAVELAND .... ..... ... ..... ....... ..................... ... .... Japan DR. JOSEPH GOHLER ...... .. .............. .... ......... ... ... ....... Germany

THE MODERN GYMNAST is published by Sundby Publications, 410 Broadway, Santa Monica, California . Second class postage paid ot Santo Monico , Calif . Published monthly except July and September which ore combined with the previous mont h's issue. Price $5.00 per year. SOc single copy: Subscription correspondence, THE MODERN GYMNAST, P.O. Box 611 , Santo Monico, California . Copyright 1966 © all right s reserved by SUNDBY PUBLICATIONS, 410 Broadway, Santa Monica, California. All pictures and manuscripts submitted be~ corne the I?roperty of T.HE MODERN GYMNAST unless a return reo quest and sufficient postage are included.

NOTES FROM THE EDITOR

WORLD GAMES: As this MGgoes to press the Six­teenth World Gymnastic Championships are being held in Dortmund, Germany. This will be the third time for a USA Men's Team to compete in the World Gymnastic Championships, and the second for a USA Women's Team to compete.

* * * The USA sent a Men's Team to Moscow in 1958,

Grossfeld, Shurlock, Vega, Tonry and Banner they placed 7th . The Men 's Team to Prague in 1962 consisting of Grossfeld, Tonry, Lynn, Vega, Banner and Orlofsky took 6th place for the USA. This time we only have three veterans of World Competition, Tonry (this will be Tonry's third World Games), Weiss and Sakamoto plus newcom­mers Lascari , Roesthlisberger, Cohen and alternate Allen with World and Olympic Games veteran Abie Grossfeld as coach. Although greats like Mitchell and Shurlock will be missed the newcomers are tops in training and talent with good coaching be­hind them. Never before in the history of USA Gymnastics has a team entered an I nternationa I Competition better prepared as a team (see US Olympic Training Camp page 7). Besides they will have 40 to 50 USA Coaches and Gymnasts rooting for them in the stands (the USGF Group alone numbers more than 30).

* * * As for the ladies, they will have three Olympic

team veterans, Linda Metheny, Dale McClem­ments Flansaas and Doris Fuchs Brause (Doris was also on the '62 World Games Team) plus young­sters Carolyn Hacker, Debbie Bailey and Kathy Gleason with Donna Schaenzer as the alternate and Avis Tieber Kolliner as coach. The girls also had a one month training camp before their de­parture for the World Games . Fact is they trained in real luxury as they were hosted by Grossinger's the famous resort in the New York Catskill moun­tains .

" * * We wish both the Men's and Women's Team

good health with sharp clean compulsories and outstanding optionals.

* * *

s

NOTICE! SECOND ANNUAL UNIVERSITY OF

LO UISVILLE INVITATIONAL January 14, 1967

Crawford Gym - Louisville, Kentucky BRIEF HISTORY :

In its first year the U of L Invitational was extremely successful. Over two-hundred­fifty (250) grade ~chool, high school and college gymnasts from five states took part in this all day meet. The senior men's division was by far the largest group and the level of competition was very good_ Several strong college teams took part as well as many_ outstanding individuals_ The Second Annual U of L Invitational is ex­pected to be much larger with the addition of six new college teams in Kentucky and several new high school teams_ FACTS ON THE MEET:

This is an Age Group Meet, open to all interested gymnasts_ This is a Dual Sanc­tioned !'vl ee t (USGF and AAU) _ There are four (4) divisions, Boys and Girls junior high and under, Men and Women Open_ Awards for first six (6 ) places in all events (AA included) _ Four team trophi es_ ADDITIONAL INFORMATION:

Contact : Bob Wason, Gymnastic Coach, University of Louisville Balknap Campus, Crawford Gym, Louisville, Kentucky 40208_

PLAN TO ATTEND THE 1966 NEW ENGLAND THANKSGIVING CLINIC

For the past three years in the New England area, a gymnastic clinic has been held during the Thanksgiving vaca tion_ Las t year this clinic attal!Cted 700 school age youngsters from the age of 10 through approximately 18_

The clinic has been organized and con­ducted by a group of high school, YMCA, Boy's Clubs and college teachers and coaches called the New England Gymnastic Clinic Committee_ This clinic has, in the past, re­ceived sanction by the Massachusetts Sec­ondary School Principal's Association (MSSPA), which governs all High School athletics in the state_ We are now pending sanction from the above organization as well as the U.5_G_F., the A.A .U. and the E.C.A.C.

Even though the past three New England Gymnastic Clinics have been held at Spring­fi eld College or the University of Massa­chusett s, our site this year will be Framing­ham North High School in Framingham, Massachusetts which is 'about twenty- two miles west of Boston, Mass. The clinic com­mittee has found that in the past the majority of registrants were from the East­ern Massachusetts area, therefore we hope that more gymnasts will be able to a ttend this yea r since the traveling and lodging problems are somewhat reduced.

This Clin ic is open only to junior and senior high school boys and girls and their coaches representin g their schools. There is no competition as it is en tirely a teaching and learning affair.

6

On our Master Teaching Staff we hope to include : J eff Cardinale, Abie Grossfeld, Donald Tonry, Milan Trnka, George Hery and George Zypula for the men; Muriel Grossfeld, Herb Vogel. Betty Maycock, Robert Laundy, Richard Muvahill, Dr. Joseph Massimo and Ernestine Russell for the women. We will also have other out­standing personnel from New England High Schools, Colleges and Universities.

The Clinic Program is divided into four main phases :

L Lecture demonstration on advanced and intermediate level which will be basically theory on mechanics, teaching and spotting.

2. Problem Solving - practical sessions designed to enable the student and teacher­coach to take his/her problems to a quali­fied instructor for suggestions and help_

3. General supervised work-outs under the guidance of college student instructors and high school coaches.

4. Special Sessions - covering topics of special interest to performer and teacher such as Basic Gymnastics for elementary ages, care and prevention of gymnastic in­juries and some of the latest in films for judging and viewing_

Registration forms will be sent to all of the High Schools in New England that have a gymnastic club or team as well as the colleges and universities. These will be mailed this October. The fee for the clinic should be approximately $5.00 per registrant. Persons seeking further information or early registration form s should write either to Mr. Alan Bickum, Director of # Waltham Boy's Club, Exchange Street, Waltham, Massachusetts or myself. ' This year the clinic will be held on Friday and Saturday,

ovember 25th and 26th, 1966. Clinic Director - 1966 : George C. J es­

sup, Jr. , New England Gymnastic Clinic Newton High School, 453 Walnut · Street, Newtonville, Massachusetts 02160.

MEXICO CANDIDATES HAVE TO BE NON SMOKERS

( Translation from the "Deutchestumen") A well acknowledged, and in sports well

versed scientist explained the other day that anybody who wants to be a successful athlete in Mexico, must be a non smoker. Because of the high altitude of the Mexi­can Capital- where shortness of breath sets in as physical activity is increased­smoking will be a double and triple handi­cap.

At about the same time the German papers reported that the research on can­cer had proved, that smoking has a defin­ite influence in the development of lung cancer_ The German scienists therewith concurred with the findin gs of the Ameri­can cancer research. . . .

. . . We are a gymnastics magazine, not a medical journal, but we are concerned about the health of our gymnasts, who al­ready today work-out much harder, and will in the future probably work-out twice as hard as we ever did. What the modern coaches, like Friedrich Schreiber, Moser and Kopicki , who believe in the "hard wave", the modern method of gymnastics training, demand from their young charges, takes for granted a private life without smoking. Besides sufficient sleep and wholesome nutrition, there is nothing more important in the life of a hard working gymnast th an to abstain from smoking and drinking.

It is, of course, almost impossible to give up smoking from one day to the next- al­though it has been done-but one can re­duce the number of cigarettes smoked daily until on e is down to the last one.

It mieht be mentioned that the coaches could gi;'e a good example, or, at least, re­frain from smoking in the presence of the gy mnasts_ In such matters, a good example does more than rule enforcement. One of the most prominent fi gures in our gym­nastic movement said recently, that a gym­nast who is not able to quit cigarettes and booze, should quit gymnastics. It seems that the gymnasts are lagging behind the ath­letes in other sports as track and fi eld and rowing, which, since decades, have given us a good example as ascetics in their private lives during training.

Already today, our young candidates for the Olympic [earn in Mexico must be told , that the habitual smoker will have no chance to go to Mexico in 1968_

J. G_

National High School Gymnastics Coaches Association Report

District #2 by Harry Johnson, Corresponding Secretary

Gymnastics within District #2 shows a marked contrast in development. The- states of Washington and Oregon are experiencing fast growth and interest is high. Montana has little activity with three or four "un­official" teams. In Alaska, Idaho, and Wy­oming competitive teams are non-existent.

The constant problem of locating quali­fied high school coaches remains the big factor retarding the development of more teams in Washington and Oregon. Many large high schools are interested in initiat­ing new teams but are unable to locate coaches. Opportunities for qualified coaches are excellent throughout the Northwest. Several schools are encountering practice facility problems in conflict with basket­ball and wrestling programs. Conversely, other schools are receiving outstanding ad­ministrative support and are being pro­vided with practice facilities that would render many college coaches envious.

Twenty teams, including seven new teams, entered the Washington High School Cham­pionship meet. A total of 143 gymnasts took part in the meet. Washington coaches are contemplating the establishment of districts for the 1967 meet. Oregon teams were re­quired to qualify for the state championship met through districts this year which proved very successful. Gymnasts from nineteen teams qualified for the Oregon Championship Meet.

Although Oregon coaches have dropped both tumbling and trampoline from all competition, Washington continues to com­pete in these events. Competition in both Oregon and Washington includes the six Olympic events. Oregon high schools have adopted a new method of competitive or­der for meets. Team members will perform in succession in each event. The plan is de­signed to provide more spectator interest and to promote spectator association with a " favorite" team.

Competitive action is nil in District #2 until the 1966-67 season arrives. The only remaining activity is the Highline Summer Gym Kamp held annually near Seattle. Camp dates this year are July 2-16. The camp, under director Jack Mackenroth, has been a great aid in developing Washington gymnastics. Many boys from Oregon are also beginning to travel to the camp. Gym­nastics in the Northwest has unlimited po­tentiaL With the solving of the funda­mental problems of coaches and facilities the, sport should experience even more rapid progress.

u.s. OLYMPIC TRAINI G CAMP by Dick Criley

In a forward step towards a bett er United States performance in the 1966 World Games, the U.S. Olympic Committee auth· orized a 4·week gymnastic training camp for the top 7 qualifiers in the National trial s. In addition, nine more competitors were invited to participate in the camp which was hosted by The P ennsylvania State University.

U.S. team coach, Abie Grossfeld of Southern Connecticut, was aided in setting up a rigorous training schedule by coache~ Carl Patters·on (Temple), Newt Loken (Michigan) and Gene Wettstone (Penn State) . In addition, a number of officials and coaches participated by providing the services of their experiences in international competition through a series of lectures specifically arranged for the camp.

The men tal preparation of the gymnasts was a series of lectures designed to cover every thing from marching, running, stand· ing and sitting postures to Germany today. Films of the compulsory exercises were shown and reviewed again and aga in. A mechanical analysis of the swan vault was presented by Dr. G. R. Nelson of the Penn State Engineering Department. Experienced competitors Sakamoto, Tonry, Grossfeld , and Weiss added personal hints, and form er Olympic T eam Coach and Manager Tom Maloney reviewed some past U. S. experi· ences in international competition. The im· portance of each man as a representative of the United States was emphasized and his role as an ambassador of good will under· scored.

The gymnasts were divided into two groups, the Nationals with training em· phasis on the World Games and the Juniors wi th emphasis on training for the Pan American Games. Each man was asked to keep a record of his activi ty durin g train· ing as a guide to evaluation by the coaches. Workouts were scheduled twice daily and supplemented by the lectures. WPSX, the

Gymnasts and coaches atte nding U.S. Olympic Training Camp at Penn State Unive rsity­Back row: Turoff, DiFurio, Mi llman, Swetman, Thor, Carg ill , Emery! LltOW, Lynn , Freuden­ste in . Front row: Patterson , Coach; Loken, Coa ch; We iSS, Lasca" , Allen, Raethllsberger, Cohen, Tonry, Sakamoto, Grossfe ld, Coach; Wettstone, Coach.

Penn Sta te educational TV station, taped a half hour training film fo r rebroadcast.

Throughout the training camp every en· deavor was made to promote a TEAM ef· for t. Every time a team member added points to the team total by improving the performance of his exercises, a littl e flag was run up. Every routine was regularly eva luated and critiques levied with the view towards im provement.

Gymnasts and coaches alike agreed tha i the camp was worthwhile. The most marked improvement was shown among the Juniors. as migh t be expected, since the Nationa ls had been training for several mon ths. In· deed, the eagerness of the younger gymnasts se rved as a spur to the enthusiasm of the National team who could well have bogged down in individual pa tterns had it not been for the fresh competition of their juniors. The coaches were pleased to note the will · ingness of the more experienced gymnasts to advise and aid those with less experi· ence.

The injury list was surprisingly small and, en tering the last week of camp, the coaches expressed concern only for Saka· moto's sprained ankle, injured in a tum· bling seq uence.

Competition was not lacking as a stim· ulan t, as six gymnasts were sent to Tor· onto, Canada, in an exhibition meet on August 20. Counting only t he four best scores in each event , the United States out · scored Canada 222.35 (9.26 average) to 216.25 (9.01 ave rage) . All aroun d rankings were: 1. Fred Roethlisberger, 55 .75 ; 2. Sid Freudenstein, 55 .25 ; 3. t ie between Arno Lascari and Wilhelm Weiler (Can.), 54.40 ; 5. Dave Thor, 53 .85 ; 6. Bob Lynn , 52 .90 ; E. Roger Dion (Can. ), 52.70; 8. Andre Simard (Can. ), 52.60 ; 9. Dan Millman, 51.40. On the basis of only four events Gi l Larose of Canada scored 36.25.

Meanwhile, in central Pennsylvania plans were underway for a most unusual mid·

summer gymnastic event. Host Gene Wett· stone programmed a Camp Championship pitting the Juniors (with their optional and Pan Am comp ulsory exercises) against the World Games Team with the 5 best scores of each team in each event to count. The com pulsories were to be run August 25 with the optional Saturday the 27th. Instead of an all around award , a special award was to be made to the gymnast contribut· ing the most to his team's total. To add to the atmosphere of a Deutsch Gymnastik Fest, " bias musik" was to be provided by the State College Little German Band.

(As we went to press, we learned that Greg Weiss and Dave Thor earned in· dividual honors for their teams in a meet which drew over 2000 spectators.)

Nor was this to be the last competition before the World Games in Dortmund , Ger· many, on September 19-25. U.S. officials arranged an international meet with the

orwegian team for September 10 and 11. Despi te the chance of injury, it was felt that the exposure to international competi· tion would be of substantial benefit to our team.

With U.S. officials hoping for a "best ever" United States team showing, one of the " best prepared" of Un ited States Na· tional Gymnastic teams wound up an in· tensive training program, no less unique in it happening than in the need for it to happen.

By the time this article appears, Dort· mund ana the World Games will be but a memory to our participants. But the tremen· dous feeling of accomplishment will go on. In the words of Mr. Charles Lupton of the Penn State Foundation in addressing the training camp : "The effort you exert during this intensive period of training ... can strengthen you so that, as a man, you will be better prepared for the compet itions of life that lie ahead."

7

FOURTH ANNUAL SANTA MONICA GYMFEST

(Labor Day Weekend) Sunny skies and a large crowd of Cali·

fornia tourists greeted the Fourth Annual Santa Monica Gymfest. On hand were more than 100 gymna~ts from Colorado, Arizona, Washington, as well as California, ranging in age from 5 to 4{).

Assisting in the management of the meet and officiating were Rick Field, Don Ros· enstock, Dick Beckner, Cathey Shelley, Ron Barak, Bud Marquette, Frank Endo, Jack Beckner, Glenn Wilson, Fred Saunders, Frank Bare, Jess Robinson, and Gordie Maddux. Lou Perschke provided the equip· ment and awards, Dick Criley and Glenn Sundby the organization.

All in all it was gym fun in the sun, as we are sure the S.M. Chamber of Commerce would concur.

Men's Open Competition-September 3, 1966 AA: Bob Lynn, Dan Garcia, Juan Sanchez;

FX: L. Bassist, G. Greenfield, S. Bassist; SH: J . Tepp, B. Lynn , tie between Sanchez and D. Ramsey; HB: A. Luber, J. Sanchez, D. Garcia; PB: B. Lynn, D. Garcia, D. Connelly; SR: B. Teel, D. Garcia, Beers; TR : MacFarland, tie be­tween C. Castner and D. Sullivan; MiniTramp: D. Sullivan, c._ Chrisman, C. Castner; Swinging Rings Dismounts : L. West, Smith, R. Zecca. Women's Open Competition-September 4, 1966

AA: V. Hartley, D. Zorick, E. Perschke; FX: W. Cluff, L. Nelson, D. Wells; B: C. Rigby, W. Cluff, E. Perschke; UPB: C. Rigby, B. Parcher, B. Marquette; TR : J. Johnson, tie betmee!1 D. Perschke and E. Perschke. Men's Invitational Competition-Sept. 5, 1966

AA: S. Freudenstein, B. Lynn, A. Luber; FX: D. Millman, S. Freudenstein, L. Bassist; SH: J . Tepp, B. Lynn, S. Freudenstein; HB: A. Luber, Yoshi, D. Millman; PB: Tie between A. Luber and B. Lynn, tie between Millman, Freuden­ste in , and Holt; SR: B. Teel , P. Arnold, M. Chap Ian.

At top: Competition site of' the Gym­fust . Upper left : Sid Freudenstein Invi­tational All-Around winner. Left : A.A. winners Bob Lynn, Freudenstein and Luber. Below: Some of the Gymnasts, Coaches and Officials who took an active part in the Gymfest. Below: Norbert Dill, German "Gymwheel" Champ who gave a thrilling exhibition during festival plus a few of some of the other fine per­formers in the competition.

THE STAMP AND GYMNASTICS

by Harry Johnson

Postage stamps illustrating gymnastics have been around for a good many yea rs. It has not been until the last ten years, how­ever, that a significant number have been issued. The first stamp honoring gymnastics was issued by Bulgaria in 1931 to com­memorate the First Balkan Games being held in Sofia. Since that date the number of gymnastics stamps issued has steadily incn;ased until the present when almost two·hundred are in existence. A large num­ber from almost twenty countries was is· sued for the Tokyo Olympics.

Stamps have been issued depicting every event found in Olympic gymnastics com­petition. Most popular events are women's floor exercise, balance beam, still rings, parallel bars, side horse, and horizontal bar. In add ition to the regular competitive events, other activities occasionally show up on stamps. Among these are the hori· zon tal ladde r, hand balancing, team calis­thenics, Swedish box vaulting, fl ying rings, and wand, banner, hoop, and ball exer· cises.

This brings to the fore an interesting point when an individual begins a gym­nastics stamp collection: Where do you "cut·off" the collection ? Do you take only those stamps showing the competitive eveuts, do you take stamps showing any phase of gymnastics {from horizontal bar to horizon ta l ladder}, or do you take any stamp supposedly issued to publicize gym· nastics, regardless of whether it illustrates some form of gymnastics or not? The col· lection which will be illustrated in the monthly series now beginning in The Mod· em Gymnast falls into the second category.

It is interesting to observe how the popu· larity of gymnastics in a particular country has influenced the stamp issue. Any gym· nastics . enthusiast could venture a solid guess as to which countries have produced the heaviest concentration of gymnastics stamps-Russia, J apan, Yugoslavia, Hun· gary, East Germany, Czechoslovakia, R o· mania. Most of these stamps were issued to commemorate some special event, such as the Olympic Games, World Games, European Cham pionships, or Gymnaestrada. Some are apparently issued for no pur· pose other than to sell stamps.

A few countries issue their stamps from year to year with a fairly similar design. This is partioularly true of J apan and Hun· gaIlY. Their stamp designs are gymnastically

10

correct, but such is not the case in many countries. As an example, Kuwait issued a stamp with the gymnast performing a German giant across the parallel bars. Art· ists in terpreta tions of the sport are fre­~luently deceptive and very often incorrect. Countries in which gymnastics are popular are more likely to produce stamps with correct illustrations.

When the step is taken to start a gym­nastics stamp collection, several factors need be considered. Whether to collect used or new (mint) stamps is of prime consideration. The cost per stamp is, of course, less for used stamps. The quality and condition of the used stamp may not be the best. The mint stamp makes a " cleaner", more attractive collection. Many countries issue both perforate stamps, such as the Uni ted States issues, and imperfor­ate stamps. The imperforates carry the same design and are usually the same color but they are more expensive and can be considered ex tra in a collection. Concern· ing gymnast ics, Hungary does most of the issuing of the imperforate stamps. Many other aspects can be added to a collection, such as souven ir . shee ts and first day cov­ers. Examples of these will be illustrated in future monthly articles.

Securing most of these stamps is not difficult, but purchasing them economically is another matter. Nearly any local stamp store can supply the current stamps, but only in sets. This means that in many cases it may be necessary to purchase any· where from four to twelve stamps in order to get one gymnastics stamp. Many of the older stam ps are very di fficult to come by indiv idually or in sets. The writer has lo­ca ted only one stamp dealer who is willing to dea l in single stamps without selling the entire se t. Interested persons may con­tact this dealer for price lists :

Zannie E. Davis 16156 Alcima Avenue Pacific Palisades, California 90272

Dea lers in the United Sta tes are not per· mitted, by law, to deal in stamps from 'orth Korea, Red China, Red Cuba, or

North Viet 'am. All of these " renegade" countries have issued gymnastics stamps. It is illegal to purchase or sell them but evidently not to possess them.

For the peron who is a "total gymnastics nut" collecting stamps is merely a further step into ca ptivity. When you get to this stage you must be captiva ted by the sport! In any case, the activity is interesting, re­laxing, and gymnastically educational.

THE STAMP AND GYMNASTICS PHOTO SET NO. 1

In the ensuing monthly issues The Mad· ern Gymnast will carry a set of gymnastics stamps with total descriptions of each ' stamp. All stamps will be classified by Scott Postage Stamp Catalog numbers, un· less they are not recognized (such as Red China, North Viet Nam, etc.). Descriptions will note the event or events illustrated on the stamp, the purpose, if any, for which it was issued, the year of issue, and how many stamps are in the set. If such things as imperforate stamps or souveni r sheets are associated with the stamp they will also be mentioned.

The first photo se t of gymnastics stamps, illustrated above, is described from left to right with the top half fir st, followed by the bottom half.

1. Japan #817 a. balance beam b. 19th National Athletic Meet c. 1964 d. one stamp in a set of two

2. San Marino #583 a. balance beam b. 18th Olympic Games (Tokyo,

J apan ) c. 1964 d. one stam p in a set of 10

3. Yugoslavia #549-550 a. still rings and parallel bars (#549) b. women with hoops (#550) c. Yugoslav Physical Culture Festival d. 1959 e. two stamp in a . set of eight

4. Czechoslovakia # 1092 a. balance beam b. 15th World Gymnastic Champion­

ships (Prague, Czechoslovakia ) c. 1962 d. one stam p in a set of six

5. Russia # 2224 a. side horse vaulting b. 2nd National Sparticist Games c. 1959 d. one stam p in a set of four

6. Hungary #921 a. parallel bars b. 1950 c. one stamp in a se t of six d. im perforates exist

7. J apan #736 a. horizon tal bar

b. 16th National Athletic Meet (Ak ita, J apan)

c. 1961 d. one stam p in a set of two

8. Finland #365 a. woman with hoop b. 100th Ann iversary of birth of Elin

Kallio (Finish Women's Physical Education Pioneer)

c. 1959 d. single stam p issue

9. Czechoslovakia #698 a. male gymnast b. 1st Nation al Summer Sparticist

Games (Prague, Czechoslovakia ) c. 1955 d. one stamp in a set of three

10. Hungary #B241 a. woman with banner h. 37th SLamp Day c. 1964 d. one stamp in a set of four e. souvenir shee t exists

11. Red China # Y vert 1265 a. women's floor exercise b. 1st Na tional Sports Meet (Peking,

Ch ina) c. 1959

Next month : A pair of attractive Hun­gari.an diamonds and a set of " modern· ized" gymnasts from T rieste Zone " B".

THE AMAZING JAPANESE by Dr. Eric Hughes

(The author spent five months in Japan visiting Junior high schpols, high schools, and universities to learn as much as pos· sible about the Japanese gymnastic pro· gram from the lowest level up to the de · velopm.ent oj' Olympic performers.)

Why are the Japanese the best gymnasts in the World? An analysis of this question may reveal many factors that will enable the United States to raise the level of their international gymnastics.

Some false conceptions that many peo· pIe may have about Japanese gymnastics must be erased before the question asked in the paragraph above can be answered. First, gymnastics is not a popular sport in Japan, that is, it is not a sport with large numbers of participants. Second, Japan does not have especially good facilities or equipment. Our gyms are much better and we have many more schools that are ade· quately equipped for gymnastics. Third, many, many schools in Japan have the same problem we have concerning the shar· ing of facilities with other sports. Basket· ball often has first chance at the facilities with the result that gymnastics is allotted inadequate practice time. Fourth, one of the biggest problems is the lack of quali, fied coaches. How many times have we heard in the United States, "We can't have a team in Ollr school because no one on our staff is qualified to coach gymnastics"? This is a typical statement made in most Japanese schools. It is probably safe to say that we have more qualified coaches in the United States than they have in Japan.

In general the techniques of instruction and the methods of class organization that wcre observed were weaker than in the United States. This does not mean that there are not excellent teachers and coaches in Japan. There are. The majority of classes observed, however, were not well taught, . especially at the lower levels.

Gymnastics is a relatively new sport in Japan . Its development has occured since the second world war. Several American coaches, such as George Lewis of the Seat· tIe YMCA, who were stationed in Japan immediately after the war, contributed to this early growth. The fact that they de· veloped from practically nothing to the bes t in the world in a period of fifteen years from 1945 to 1960 is a fantastic ac· complishment. What has been responsible for their success ? Why are they the best gymnasts in the world?

A large part of the Japanese gymnastic success must be attributed to their way of life. Their homes, schools and gyms are not heated. They do not have. cars and therefore walk more than we do. Their diet is more spartan with less fat and less protein. This is not necessarily a more healthful diet but it does tend to develop a thinner and more wiry individual. You seldom see fat people in Japan. In general they possess greater strength per pound o{ body weight than Americans and in general they are constitutionally tougher.

Some of their success must be attributed to their racial structure. The Japanese are small and possess light frames. This gives them certain mechanical advan tages but it must be remembered also some disadvant· ages.

The philosophy of Japanese gymnasts is from the majority of gymnasts. They are

the majority of somewhat different the United States'

more dedicated to

Full teams from many University Alumni Associations and Clubs compete for honors in the Notional Gymnastic Championships of Japan.

their sport. They work harder, longer and make more sacrifices. There seems to be a greater desire to excel. We have dedi· cated gymnasts too, with the desire to ex· cel, but we do not have as many as they do in Japan.

Besides these general reasons for suc· cess there are more specific reasons why the Japanese excel in our sport.

Their development of international gym· nasts starts at the high school level. On high school teams there are six all-round performers that compete in the six inter­nati onal events. Compulsory exercises are used as well as optionals. High school rules are ' the same throughout the country and there is a national high school cham· pionshi p meet. (The inclusion of extra non·international events in this country is not particularly harmful to the develop­ment of international gymnasts but the exclusion of some of the all ·round events, and the lack of emphasis on the all·round , certainly does influence the development of future international competitors.)

Another very important factor in Japan that contributes to the development of top high school gymnasts is the right for high school students to select the school which they attend. This enables the best per­formers in each city to enroll at the same school and work toge ther under the guid­ance of the most qualified coach in the area. This procedure undoubtedly reduces the number of average gymnasts developed but brings about the development of a few top performers. When this small num­ber is multiplied by many cities and towns which operate under the same sys­tem the result is a relatively large number of top high school performers in the country as a whole.

The University is also geared to the de­velopment of international gymnasts. In­ternational rules are followed. Competition is between six man teams in the six all ­round events. Compulsory exercises are used in many meets.

Other factors also help the development of international gymnasts in Japanese Uni­ve rsities. Over 90 percent of the University students in Japan attend universities in the greater Tokyo area. This facilitat es competi tion and communication. Just as is done in the high schools, most of the bet· tcr gymnasts select the universities that emphasize gymnastics. This enables them to train together and thus develop to their

maximum. Tokyo University of Education has been the traditional leader at the Uni· versity level but recently Japan College of Physical Education has moved to the front.

ihon University is also becoming promin· ent in gymnastics with Mr. Endo on their staff.

Most gymnasts remain in the Tokyo area after college graduation. This enables them to continue to train together and hold regular top level competitions. It also facilitates communication and distribution of information to the top international prospects. Many universities s up p 0 r t Alumni teams and permit them to train in university gyms. Alumni teams have won the top few places in National open competition in recent years.

The concentration of gymnasts in one area seems to contribute to the develop­ment of the sport in other countries that are considered gymnastic powers., Czecho· slovakian gymnasts move to, and train in, Prague as soon as they becollle interna· tional prospects. In Italy the top gymnasts live in Rome. The concentration of popu· lation and business activity in one city in these countries eliminates many of the problems we have in the United States in the development of our gymnasts for in· ternational competition. The U.S.S.R., on the other hand, has many of the same problems that we have.

The Japanese Gymnastic Association, the governing body for the sport in Japan, gives the impression to a visitor, of being well organized and well staffed with many full· time paid employees. They seem to be do­ing an excellent job of reaching all those interested in the sport of gymnastics in their country. The strong finan cial position of this organization undoubtedly has a great affect on the development of the in­ternational gymnastic program in Japan.

It is obvious we should not, and can not, parallel the Japanese program in the United States. We have differences in our way of life that would be impossible to change. The size of our coun try makes the mechanic. of co-ordination much more complicated. Many of the things the Japanese are doing will work in our coun­try, however, and if we wish to become an international gymnastic power we can learn much from our Japanese friends. Their accomplishments in the sport of gymnastics in the modern era are truly amazing.

11

CANADIAN REPORT by J ohnnv Nooney

18 LavinlZton Dr. Weston. Ontario

HER E AND THERE Mr. John Tutte has moved to the Van·

. couver area. He has certainly done his share to promote Gymnastics etc. here in the East and I would like to publicly thank him. Good luck J ohn. Crest

I believe we have two excellent designs submitted. It is almost a year since it was talked about, could something be done to have a new crest approved? Constitution

The new constitution is now officially approved with some minor changes. As of the 1st of September, 1966 it will become opera tive. All branches and members have been asked by the National chairman to support and use it. This will be the offi· cial constitution of the Canadian Gymnastic Association. Thank You

Recently I have received great assistance in the photographing of Meets etc. from Mr. J erry Diachun, Toronto and from F I Lt. Hanson R.C.A.F., Winnipeg. Many of the excellent photographs you have seen are the work of these men, without their assist· ance it would be impossible for me to write this Report. I am grateful for their help. International Tri Meet

England, France and Canada. Hope ar­rangements can be worked out to hold this Meet.

CANADIAN GYMNASTIC ASSOCIA TION

Ed. Note: Excerpts from the General Meetin g held in Winnipeg in conjuction with the National Championships . . . Vis­itors Attending-Mr. A. J. Fraser, consult­ant from the Canadian Fi tness Council and Amateur Sports Council was introduced. Mr. Gerald Beaud ry, Assistant Director of the Winter Games and Mr. J ean Lemieux , advisor on Gymnastics were also introduced ... Russian 'four-- 'liss Monique Linde­man reported for Dr. Whittle on progress made by the Russian Tour Committee. Tour st arts December 6th. Going across Canada eight demonstrations and six clinics. Team will con sist of 18 persons plus 2 inter­preters from Canada. Final plans now de­pend on final confirmation from the Rus­sian s . .. Triangular Meet, France, Eng­land, Canada- This meet has been ap­proved. The Canadian National Exhib ition has offered to assist. Various teams might be invited to different parts of Canada. Req uests for exhibition meets should be made to the National Chairman .. . Pan Am Games- The new SI. Jomes Centenary Arena will be the site for the Gymnastic competitions. Pan American Games techni­cal committee was approved. The chairman for gymnastics organizin g committee is Mr. Emerik Duha, 868 Wicklow, Fort Gary. As­sisting him is ~1r. Jack Mowat, 162 River­bend Cres., Winnipeg. Chuck Sebeysten

12

and Jacq ue Chouinard will advise on the technical and equipment aspect of the games . . . Pan Am Trials-Trials will take place in May 1967 at Montreal. Can­adian National Championships will take place at the Canadian National Exhibition, Toronto in 1967 . . .

National Office rs ,' National President, R. Gagnier (Montreal); Vice President Tech­nical, Al Dippong (Men ) (Toronto ); Vice Pres ident Technical, Shirley Wenzel (Wom­en) (Saskatoon); Treasurer, C. Girard (l\ Iontreall ; Secretary, Lew Waller -(Mon­treal) .

FIRST CANADIAN WINTER GAMES AT QUEBEC CITY, FEB. 11-19, 1967 For many years, Canada's leading sports­

men have dreamed of a great, purely Can­ad ian competition, that is Canadian Games, which would complete the quadriennial cycle of the Olympic Games, the British Empire Games and the Pan-American Games. This dream has now become a real challenge worthy of our country.

The Nation'al Advisory Council on Fit­ness and Amateur Sport and its Directorate have made these Games their primary ob· jective. The Canadian Amateur Sports Fed­eration has multiplied its efforts to ensure thei r technical coordination and particularly their periodical continuity.

Thus, after it had been agreed that this compet ition would be divided into Summer Games and Winter Games, these organiza­tions have entrusted us with the prepar­ation, the synchronization and the realiza­tion of the First Canadian Winter Games.

We are very much aware of the diffi­culties of this undertaking, but the unani­mous and eager collaboration we have re­ceived everywhere, "A mari usque ad mare" compels us to anicipate a tremendous suc­cess which will make every Canadian even prouder. .

Up to date, we have gained the concrete par ticipation of all governments ; we have provoked the setting-up of gigantic athletic installations in the region and we have se· cured the collaboration of an outstanding team.

Snow being the most important natural link between all Canadians, we believe that an athletic gathering of all of those Canadi­ans who enjoy snow, in a city whose repu· taiion for hospitality and festivities is al­ready established, will constitute an authen­tic Canadian manifestation and a good omen for the next Centennial.

God Bless Canada and its First Winter Games.

The Management

AIMS AND GOALS OF THE FIRST CANA DIAN WINTER GAMES I- To stimulate enthusiasm towards ama­

teur sports throughout the country. 2-To familiarize Canadian Athletes with

the particular environment of great competitions.

3-To strengthen mutual understanding and friendship between athletes from different areas in Canada.

4-To bring to force some considered sec­ond rating sports; to try and increase their importance in Canada; to in­crease their number of participants.

5-To allow for the greatest possible num­ber of athletes to take part in top flight competition.

6-To illustrate that the development of amateur sports in Canada is being ac· complished at all levels.

7-To be able to evaluate at different in­tervals the progress of our accomplish­ments in amateur sports and to com­part results of training methods.

8-To develop on the part of the athletes their willingness to improve and their sense of national pride.

9-To further develop team spirit and sense of honor with the athletes.

10-To evaluate the assets of good physical fitness, the advantages of good sports discipline and the acquired merits of great performances without any lucra­tive reward.

Gymnastic events will take place at the Patro Roc Amadour on the 12, 13, 14, 15 of February, 1967. Please plan to attend.

THE NATIONAL SECRETARY Mr. Lew Waller started his gymnastic

career in the Regina YMCA as a member of the Junior, Intermediate and finally Sen­ior Leaders Corps. He won the all round Championship in gymnastics for three years 1925 to 27 in the Regina Boys and Girls Fair. He participated in the Western Canadian Leaders Gymnastic Tournament 1928 to 33; placed 1st in the tournament in 1933.

In 1933 to 35 he taught school in South­ern Saskatchewan. Needless to say much of his time was spent in teaching his charges gymnastics and members of his school won local awards for physical education.

Lew was a member of the George Wil­liams College, Chicago, gymnastic team 1936-40, and in 1940 was co-captain of the team. As a "Y" physical director, Lew served in Saint John, Regina, and West­mount. In each location his "Y" leaders corps gave creditable accounts of them­selves in gymnastics, performing in gym

Patro Roc Amadour-Site of the Gymnastic Competition of the first Canadian Winter Games.

displays, and participating in local tourna· ments. The Regina "Y" Senior Leaders corps won the Western "Y" Leaders team title in 1947 under his leadership.

At Westmount from 1947 to 57 he stimu· lated interest and enthusiasm in gymnastics among Montreal gymnasts through periodic "open house" invitations to all in terested in the sport. Visitors to his gym at this time were John Paul Marcil, Marie Claire Larson, and Gilbert Larose. Lew attempted to start inter Y competi tion between West· mount, Notre Dame de Grace and Central Associations in 1953, 1954, and 1957. His Westmount Y team won the inter YMCA gymnastic competitIOn between Montreal and Quebec City for 4 years 1955-58_ At this time Richard Montpetit and Raymond Gagnier were members of his men's gym­nastic team_

For younger gymnasts Lew originated the Westmount YMCA Hobby Show gym­nastic meets in 1955. This has now devel­oped into two meets, one for beginner gym­nasts from Westmount schools and one for registered AA U gymnasts. It is the first meet held in Montreal city, and the prov­ing ground for many new gymnasts.

Since 1958 Lew has been coaching the Lakeshore YMCA girls gymnastic club in Pointe Claire, in the fall of 1965 he started a new girls group in the St. Laurent Com­munity Centre, St. Laurent, Quebec_

In the administrative field, Lew served as chairman of the Quebec Gymnastic Committee 1956 and 1957; as secretary 1958 to 62; as vice·president 1962; and as secretary 1963 to the present. The last two years he has served as secretary to the Canadian National committee.

Lew is one of the old school of dedicated physical education teachers_ He is presently employed as Director of Physical Educa­tion Program in the 51. Laurent Commun­ity Centre, Montreal's newest and most up to date Red Feather Agency.

AN EXPERIMENT IN COMPETITIVE GYl\'1NASTICS

by Jim Hoyle, Y_M_C.A_, Halifax, N.S_ One of the problems of a large country

like Canada or the U.S.A. is that it is very difficult for gymnasts at opposite ends of the continent to compete against each other_ T his is particularly serious in the maritime provinces of Canada where there are relatively few gymnasts. Furthermore, the nearest senior competition to Halifax is in Quebec, 650 miles away. Not only is it expensive to measure performance and progress against the rest of the country, but local competition generally has the same contestants and the result can be fairly accurately guessed beforehand_ The first part of the problem can only be over­come at great expense, but the monotony of the second has had some relief in the maritime region by a new kind of compe­tition in which handicaps are given to the better gymnasts.

The F _LG. ruling in scoring difficulty of a boy's routine allows 0.6 for a "C" move, 0.4 for a "B" and 0.2 for an "A". Taking into account that a young gymnast can perform, say, six "A" moves, he can still theoretically score 6.2 out of 10.0 in a senior competition, based on perfect exe­cution and combination. Consequently, in a competition in which all boys compete as one class, a suitable deduction from the scores of a senior gymnast should allow him to compete on the same level as a junior.

This was tried in Nova Scotia for both boys and girls in the 3rd Annual Dart­mouth YM·YW Invitational Competition

organized by Hugh Sproule and Lynne Pas­coe_ Handicaps were calculated from the results of previous competitions in two ways. First, the weakest competitor was given no deduction or handicap, others were given handicaps proportional to the differ­ence between their scores and those of the weakest competitor ; secondly, the most ad­vanced gymnast was given an arbitrary high handicap and the other proportionate­ly less. A rough average of the two meth­ods was taken.

Difficulties arose in estimating handicaps for entrants who had not competed before, and in relating age groups who do not normally compete together. These were overcome by comparing members of the same club.

It may be argued that youngsters may be discouraged by the superior perfornl ­ances of senior gymnasts, or on the other hand, an older gymnast giving a good per­formance would be discouraged on receiv­ing a low score due to a high handicap. However, the idea of this type of competi­tion was received so enthusiastically by all concerned that there was little concern about harmful effects. In fact, even many of the "non-winners" were pleased with having beaten better-known performers. The success of the system may be judged from the results_ It is believed that this the first time a competi tion of this sort has been held in Canada.

RESULTS Team-Boys: 1. Dartmouth YMCA coached by Hugh Sproule , 2. Ha lifax YMCA coached by Jim Hoyle.

Girls : 1. Fredericton coached by Anne Mitton, 2 . Dartmouth YMCA coached by Lynne Pascoe, 3 . Bridgewater coached by Mari on Mayne, 4. Truro coached by Toni Prayer .

TOP SIX ALL- ROUND Hand i- J udg ed Fina l

Boys-Age-Team cap Sco re Score Rick Gilbert, 16, Hal. YMCA 8 .0 26 .0 18.0 Dennis Ring , 15, Dart. YMCA 9.2 26 .8 17.6 Bryon Crooks, 12, Dort . YMCA 1.2 lB .7 17.5 Doug Lucas, 11 , Dart. YMCA 0 .7 16.9 16 .2 Jim Hoyle, Sr., Hal. YMCA 14.8 30.0 15 .2 Doug Copping , 10 , Dart. YMCA 1.0 16.0 15.0 Girls-) ill Watson , 9, Fredericton 0 .3 Kim Sinclair, 10, Freder icton 4 .5 Laurie W heeler, 11 Fredericton 4.5 Joan Baxter, 10, Dart . YW 1.6 Adrienne Lucas, 15 , Dart . YW 6.9 Janice Graham, 15, Dart. YW 5.5

17.2 20 .1 19.9 16.5 21.7 19 .8

16.9 15.6 15.4 14 .9 14 .8 14 .3

PHYSIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF ELITE GYMNASTS

Preliminary report by Richard R . Montpetit

Ed. Note. This was a report that was distributed at the Canadian National Clinic and I fe el is of major importance today to coaches and gymnasts .

Although of essential physiological in­terest, studies of physical performance dur-

TAB LE

ing practice of competitive sports have been regrettably few_ Cycling, running, swim-

. ming and skiing have been subj ect to such measurements. Gymnastics has not been subjected to extensive physiological analy­sis possibly due to the difficulty involved in obtaining such measures.

The need for a scientific approach to the problems of modern athletic training has been aclmowledged for many years. How­ever, before attempting to study techniques and methods of improvement in training a certain general body of knowledge must be acquired. It is essential at the outset to investigate the physiologic response of the participants to a general physical task and to a specific task. The former is most ac­curately assessed in the laboratory in a test of physical working capacity, the latter by the collection of physiologic measures during actual sport participation_

The purpose of this study was to investi­gate the maximal physical work capacity

- (P_W_C.) of gymnasts and the energy ex­penditure incurred by them during actual sport participation. The P .W.C. was meas­ured by a maximum "2 intake test carried on the treadmill. The subjects ran for 5 minutes at 7 mph_ and 0% grade. After a 10 minute rest the grade was increased 2.5% and the procedure repeated (with the speed held at 7 mph.) until exhaustion_ The energy cost of gymnastic exercises was studied by the use of a modified Douglas­bag technique and the cardiac response was moni tored with a radio-telementry sys- ' tem.

Results : Physical Work Capacity. A com­parison of maximum °2 Intake values for athletes of various sports is - shown in Table I.

The gymnasts investigated in the present study obtained a maximum "2 Intake of 50 mllKg/ min. This va lue as judged from pre­vious investigations is only slightly above the normal value of 4S mllKg/ min. char­acteristic of almost sedentary persons_ Ob­viously gymnastics does not sufficien tly tax the cardio-pulmonary system. A training program in which endurance work is in­cluded would remedy this situation_

Energy Expenditure. Each gymnast per­formed two required routines (a novice and a junior exercise) and his optional exercise on parallel bars, high bar, side horse and rings. Expired air was collected during and after the exercise to arrive at a total oxygen consumption. Cardiac re­sponse was simultaneously recorded.

Since all the results on this aspect of the study have not been completely analyzed a sample of typical results is given here :

I

MAXtMUM OXYGEN INTAKE pF ELIT E ATHLETES

Method used t o Max. "2 Int a ke Investigator Sport N a ssess ma x. 02 l / min_ m I/ Kg / min. W eigh t Astrand Cycling 14 Bicycle ergom. 4 .66 66.8

Track 5 Treadm ill 4 .81 72.8 66 . 1 Skii ng 5 Sk iing 5.48 80.2 683.

Magel Swimming 15 Swimming 4 .39 56.3 77.9 Faulkner X-country

Running 6 Treadmi ll 4.48 66 .7 67 . 1 Watson Hockey 10 Treadmi ll 4 .11 54.3 76.7 Montpet it Gymnastics 10 Treadmill 3.43 50.00 69 0

TAB LE II

P.B. SoH. H.B. R. Subiect C.v .B. N* J * N J N J N J

Tota l cost in Litre of "2 3.50 4.48 3.30 3.65 3 .30 4.35 3.45 4 .00 Terminal Heart Rate 150 168 150 168 144 174 152 162 Duration lB 21 13 27 18 21 20 25

*N-Novice exercise; J-Junior exercise

13

Herb Voge l of Southern III. Univ. uses Irene Howorth of Saskatoon to demon'strate a spotting technique during the Training Clinic he ld prior t o the Nationals.

CANADIAN GYMNASTIC ASSOCIATION PRE-CHAMPIONSHIPS

Coaches Clinic : Men's and Women's National Clinics

were held in R.C.A.F. Recreation Centre, Winnipeg prior to the National Champion­ship. Women's Clinic:

Excellent presentation was made at 5 ses­sions by Herb Vogal, women's gymnastic coach from University of Southern Illinois. Work included general principles of coach­ing, coaching technique on various' pieces of equipment, diet , fund raising, meets. In­teresting literature on physics and mechan­ics of gymnastics, Self Brain-storming Tech­niques, etc. was distributed.

Demonstrations by Donna Schaenzer and Irene Hayworth were enjoyed by all at­tending the sessions,

There were 17 women and 6 men coaches registered for the clinic, total attendance for the 5 sessions was 98.

Gymnasts and spectators were also pres· ent at sessions held in the gymnasium. Men's Clinic:

Men's clinic opened in the lated after­noon Tuesday, which allowed men coaches to attend two sessions of women's clinic.

can be increased with a better traInIng pro­grain consis ling of 1110re running prior to the start of gymnasti'c workouts and with runnin g throughout the season. The first two weeks of the gymnast's training period should be devoted to running distances such as a mile and also of running a few 'fast sprints. This will improve the ath­lete's cardio·vascular system which in turn improves the basic work capacity. With a better cardio-vascular sys tem the athlete is better able to supply oxygen to the work­in g muscles, the capillary field is improved and also a more efficient elimination of waste products is accomplished. The heart muscle of course becomes stronger which all produces an athlete better able to move efficiently through a rigorous learning and competiti ve season. We often state that many of our athletes have won without this emphasis on basic work capacity but then in answering this statement we find we have won because : we ·were lucky ; the breaks were pointed in our direction dur­ing the particular meet; that we had very good specific training towards the accom · pl ishment of the individual routines. But could we not have done better with an in· crease in our basic work capacity? Note­in watching a leading team in the last Olympics during their practice session prior to the competition it was evident that they were ex tremely well prepared for the com­petition with a tremendous reserve of

strength and work capacity. As an example in the middle of their routine on parallel bars these gymnasts would stop in a hand­stand position and proceed to execute sev­eral dips to shoulder stand and back to handstand and then continue with the bal­ance of their routine without evidence of fatigue. Progression and Development of a Gymnast :

Novice Level- Movements will be learned slowly. Good stunt progression should be emphasized-similar to learning skill s in reading, math, etc. Make the connecting movements meaningful, helpful, etc. Com­pulsory routine meets are excellent at this level with emphasis on proper execution, good form , etc.

Junior Level- An increase in optional routin es; but again do not saturate the Juniors with only gymnastics. Please im­plement their program with complimentary sports.

Senior Level- Move into the Competitive Program as suggested previously. Families of iVlovements

It is felt that a discussion of the various families of movements or stunts interre­lated throughout the events would be of value to the coaches, gymnasts and in­structors. It might be of value to recall that a stunt on one piece of apparatus is closely related to a similar type stunt on another piece of apparatus and thus could be called part of the Fami ly. The Coaches and gym­nas ts might well remember this in their own training and learning program.

Some examples of Families of Stunts are: Kip- F.X., Hi Bar, P. Bars, Rings Hip Circles- Bk Extension, Bk. Hip Cir­

cles, Free Hip Circles to handstand, etc.; Streilli and Peach Basket ; Rings-13k. hip Circles, Shoot to handstand , Reverse Kip.

Rolls- F.X.; Hi Bar, Forward hip cir­cles; Rings, Forward hip circles; P. Bars, Forward circles.

Peach Baskets-Hi Bar, Bk. Kip ; Rings, Bk. Kip ; P. Bars, Bk. Kip.

Cut & Catch- Hi Bar, P. Bars, F .X. Handstands- F.X., P. Bars, Rings-Watch

stra ight back, and Shoulder Stand. Somersault- F.X_, Tuck & Pike; P . Bars,

Dismount ; Hi Bar, Reserve and Regular fl yaway_ Thoughts On-

A. Vaulting: Minimum running distance

provided for the vaulters is has been found that many of ers will use over 19 meters_

that must be 18 meters. It the top vault-

Mr. Newt Loken, assisted by Richard Montpetit and Gilbert Larose conducted an interesting programme with a totally dif­ferent approach to that of the women's cl inic. During the clinic Mr. Loken dis­played loop film s, brochures from various companies, shoes designed to kee p the feet together and other items. Demonstrations were given by the two gymnasts.

Dr. Newt Loken of the Univ. of Mich. conducts a pre-Championship Clinic for coaches at the Airforce base in Winnipeg.

Eighteen men coaches registered. Ses­sions held in the gymnasium attracted many spectators and gymnasts as well.

All coaches showed keen interest in the clinics and copious notes were taken. A suggestion for future might be to hold ses· sions staggered so that men and women might attend both clinics, especially when guest lecturers are brought at some ex· pense.

The Clinic would have been more ef· fective if it had been divorced from other activities, and free from outside spectators, etc. Gymnasts practicing and people walk­ing through the gym disturbed the ses­sions.

Ed. No te: Here are excerpts from an ex­cellent clinic :;iven by Dr. Newt Loken, gymnastic coach, University of Michigan. Basic Work Capacity

It has been found through Richard Mont­petit 's doctoral study that a gymllast 's basic work ca pacity should be higher. This

14

High speed is of essence for a top qual­ity vault. The best vaulters hit the board at the speed equivalent to a 11-12 seconds 100 Yard Dash_

The minimum distance for landing on the other side of the horse is one horse length_ Many vaulters land at a greater distance beyond the horse. Yamashita is an excep­tion in that the landing may be a little closer.

In studies on the run the best vaulters have an even steady run with a minimum of arm waving, etc. Upon landing on the board the arms are overhead for a Yama-shita, Hecht, etc. .

A general principle to remember IS to keep the arms locked upon la~ding so the body is similar to a broom stick land­in 0' on the end of the horse and bouncmg off. This will jettison the body into a beautiful bounding vault with a score of 10! !

B . Parallel Bars: Remember the family of stunts that can

be used from one event to another. Basic strength program for the b~ginners

is essential. Consisting of dips, mverted hang walk, swinging dip travels, dip walks, straiO'ht arm walks, etc.

Pr~per swinging action imperative. Use the belt whenever possible if for no

other reason than to reduce inhibition! Learn hand spotting techniques-Stutz,

back to catch, Moore, etc. e. High Bar: Good strength again imperative. _ Free hip circle techniques with the WrIst

is essential for good stunt foundation. Please learn many basic stunts before

moving into the Giant Swing. Please do not push the flyaway as the

only dismount for the beginning gymnast. Short demonstration- on other dismounts.

Proper body position on a Giant Swing, straight, not arched.

D. Rings : Work rin gs at low height before elevat­

in 0 ' them above the head. Learn proper hand and arm positions in

a handstand. The rubber tube strengthening program

highly important. Proper dislocation techniques. Learn proper technique of stopping a

swing. Proper L support position. E. Floor Exercise: General trend seems to be a continuously

moving routine with no perceptual stops other than a scale .

Some action at the beginning ,in one cor­ner is a general rule and from here on to a diagonal trip or side trip, etc. More rou­tines are closer to minimum time limit than maximum time limit.

Good tumbling technique. F. Side Horse: Learn proper shifting of weight. Keep arms straight. Work the horse in each workout session

so it becomes your strong event. Endea vor to work free from the horse. Learn to elevate the hips on scissors. G. Spotting Techniques: Stand close enough to be of help to the

performer in case of , need. Please watch the hands of the performer

on the high bar. Better to actually spot when in doubt

than suffer an injury. From motor learning and safety view­

point , a safety belt (overhead, hand, twist­ing, etc.) is highly recommended.

Report on the 1966 Canadian Open

Gymnastic Championships Patricia Ste/anchuk

Special Publicity Photographs Taken By F / L Larry Ranson

of the Canadian Armed Forces The Canadian Open Gymnastic Champi­

onships and World Trials were held in Winnipeg, Manitoba on July 8th and 9th, at the University of Manitoba.

Over 2,000 spectators witnessed the col­ourful two day competition which opened with rousing march music parading in the 82 gymnasts and 75 officials and judges. Opening remarks were conducted by Jack Mowat, director ' of the Meet, Raymond Gagnier, Na tional Gymnastic Chairman of Canada, and Professor Emil Hrenchuk of the University of Manitoba.

For 14 young men and women, the Championships represented a chance to at­tend the World Championships in Dort-mund, Germany, this September. .

Both 1965 Champions, Gail Daley and Gil Larose viewed the competition from the sid elin ~s . They are both nursing injured leas. Gil was named to the Canadian Men's T;am since his ankle will be in fine shape by A~gust, bui the operation on Gail's knee will mean 6 full months of rest for her.

Twenty-six junior men and twenty-se~en junior women sparked off the competitIon at 10:00 A.IV!. Friday, and by 2 :00 P.M. had completed their compulsory exercises.

A keen audience; Friday evening, viewed seventeen senior women and 12 senior men as they began their compulsory routines. One of the main contenders for the Wom­en's team, Susan McDonnell, sustained an injury to her right leg on dismounting the beam, her first compulsory apparatus. Very fortunately , the cracked bone should be completely healed by the e'nd of August. Susan 's coach, IVIr. Vannie Edwards, of Centenary College, Shreves port, Louisiana, hopes to have , her ready to perform for the World Championships at which time she would join the Canadian Team.

The -optional routines for both the Jun· iors and Seniors were held on Saturday, July 9th.

It was clearly established that Miss Don­na Schaenzer of Carbondale, Illinois, a vis­itor to our country, would take top honours for Senior Women.

Donna's team-mate, Irene Haworth, cap­tured the title of Canadian All Around Champion with a total of 69,600 points.

Willie Weiler, a physical training in­structor with the Canadian Army, who has won 113 medal s in gymnastics, since com­in o' to Canada in 1957, captured the Men's Title.

Saturday evenin g found the group very relaxed and enj oying a Smorgasbord held in the new Pembina Hall dining room on the campus, overlooking the Red River.

The Awa"rds were presented at the ban ­quet and the Selection Committee gave its report of gymnasts chosen to r epresent Canada at Dortmund.

Chosen to the Men's Team are: Wilhelm Weil er, Andre Simard, Rick Kinsman, Rog­er Dion , Barry Brooker, Gordon Gannon, and Gil Larose.

The Women's Team will be made up of Irene Haworth , Marilyn Minaker, Sandra Hartley, Suzanne Cloutier, Leslie Bird, Els­heth Austin , and Susan McDonnell .

Officials travelling with the gymnasts will he: Manager, Raymond Gagnier of Montreal, Que.; Men's Coach, Albert Dip­pong, or ' Toronto, Ontario ; Women's Coa~h , Marilyn Savage, of Scarborough, Ontano; Men's Judge, Cal Girard of Montreal, Que-

Irene Haworth, 1st AA of the Canadian Senior Women

15

Andre Simard, 2nd AA Senior men.

bec; Women's Judge, Fay Weiler of Vedder Crossing, British Columbia; Chaperone, Pat Middleton, of Winnipeg, Manitoba.

As a member of the Manitoba Gymnastic Associa tion, I would like to say how much we, in Winnipeg, enjoyed hosting the 1966 Cham pionships. It is the first time since 1938 that Winnipeg has had the oppor­tunity of having gymnasts from allover Canada and parts of the Uni ted States meet together in competition.

SUMMARY OF RESULTS CANADIAN· GYMNASTIC CHAMPIONSHIPS

July Btk a nd 9th, 1966 University of Ma nitoba - Winnipe g, Manitoba

Senior Men-All Around: (1) Wilhe lm Wei ler, Vedder Crossing, B_.C. , 108.30; (2) And re

Simard, Rosemont, Quebec, 106.05; (3 ) Rick Kinsman, Canadian Arm ed Forces, 103 .35; (4) Roger Dian, Quebec City, Quebec, 101 .70; (5) Barry Brooker, Toronto, Ontario, 99.40; (6) Kurt Eggerschwile r, Toronto, Ontario, 95. 15.

Floor Exercise : Willy Wei le r 17 .90; Rick Ki nsman 17.25; Bill Robinson 17. 10. Vaulting: Andre Simard 18.90; Bill Rob inson 18.85; Roger Dia n 18.80. Horizontal Bar: W illy Wei ler 18.60; Rick Kinsman 17.25; Andre Simard 16.80. Still Rings : Andre Simard 18.25; Roger Dian 17.75; Barry Brooker 17.60; Wi ll y Weiler 17.60 . Par­allel Bars: Willy Weiler 18.55; Rick Kinsman 17.95; Barry Brooker 17.80. Side Horse : Andre Simard 17.35; Wi ll y Wei ler 17.00; Rick Kins­man 16.85.

Senior Women-All Around : (1) Donna Schaenzer, Carbondale, Illino is 70.068; (2) Irene Haworth, Sa skatoon, Saskatchewan 69.600; (3) Marcia Hunter, New Orleans, Louis iana, 67.889; (4) Marilyn Minoker, Scarborough, On­tario, 67.434; (5) Emily Stevens, New Orleans, Louisiana 65.266; (6) Sandra Hartley, North Vancouver, B.C., 65 . 134.

Floor Exercise : Donna Schaenzer 18.167; Irene Haworth 18.067; Mar ilyn Minaker 17 .367. Balance Beam : Ma rilyn Minaker 17. 100; Don­na Schaenzer 17.067; Marcia Hunter 16 .900. Vaulting: Donna Schaenzer 17.367; Emily Stevens 17.267; Irene Haworth 17.000. Uneven Bars : Marcia Hunter 18. 133; Irene Haworth 17 .700; Donna Schaenzer 17.467.

Jun ior Men-All Around: (1) Sidney A. Jen­sen , LaSall e, Quebec, 105.85; (2) Gary Bal ­combe, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, 102.90; (3) Steven Mitruk, Hamilton, Ontario, 101.85 (4) Fred Rodney, .Verdun, Quebec, 99.10; (5 ) Tom Kinsman, Pererboro, Ontario , 97.20; (6) Kirk Edwards, Berke ley, California , 97.10.

Floor Exercise: Gary 8alcombe 17.30; Steve Mitruk 17.25; Sidney Jensen , 17.10. Vaulting: Gary Balcombe, 18.05; Fred Rodney 17.90; Sidney Jensen 17.50; Horizontal Bar: Sidney Jensen, 17.65; Steve Mitruk, 17. 15 a nd Gary alcombe 17.15, t ie. Still Rings: Maurice Wi l­liams 17.70; Sidney Jensen 17.25; Gory Ba l­combe 16.95. Parallel Bars: Sidney Jensen 18.75; Gary Balcombe 18 .05; Steve Mitruk 17.60. Side Horse : Sidney Jensen 17.60; Tom Kinsman 16.50; Steve Mitru k 16. 15.

Junior Women-All Around: (1) Glenna Se-. best yen, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, 67 .900; (2 ) T e re 5 a McDonnell, Scarborough, Ontario, 64 .532; (3) Barbara Thompson, Toronto, On­tari o, 64 .468; (4) Jenn ifer Diachun, Scarbor­ough , Ontar io, 62 .633; (5) Patti Sebestyen, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, 59.233; (6) Susan Buchanan, Ottawa, Ontario, 59.035.

Floor Exercise: Teresa McDonnell 19. 100 and Glenna Sebest yen 19.1 00, tie; Jennifer Dia­chun 16.466. Vaulting : Glenna Sebest yen 17.533; Susan Buchanan 16.634; Marie St. Jean 16.633. Balance Beam: Teresa McDonnell 15.833; Glenna Sebestyen 15.367 and Barbara Thompson 15 .367 , tie. Uneven Bars : Glenna Sebestyen 17.900; Barbara Thompson 16 .667 and Jennifer Diachun 16.667, tie.

Winner of the Jr. Men's Gold Medal is Sidney Jensen from Montreal. Bud Fraser of the Fitness and Amateur Sports branch of Canada making the presentati on . . . "Willie" Weiler receiving the Gold Medal f rom Bud fo r winning the Sr. AA title.

16

Top: Marilyn Minaker 2nd best Canadian senior woman competitor. Above: Bud Fraser cong ratu lates Glenna Sebestyen and Teresa McDonnell for placing first and second in the Jr. Competition.

EASTERN CANADIAN CHAMPIONSHIPS

The organizational aspect of this meet was a tremenduus success. The pre·meet publicity was excellent, so an exceptionally large crowd attended.

The co· sponsorship of the Scarborough Rotary Club and the Winstonettes Gym Club worked well, our sport should seek the assistance of Service Clubs whenever possible.

Congratulations to all officials involved. Meet Results

There was little doubt about the outcome of the Senior Women's Division, All·Around Susan McDonnell of the National team swept the four events. It was pleasing to see Susan home from Centenery Coli. com· peting in her own home town. I think gym· nasts attending American Colleges have a responsibility to compete here in Canada to help to promote the Sport. The runner· up was Marilyn Minaker, Winstonettes G. Club.

Barry Brookers, Toronto Harmonie nar· rowly defeated Rick Kinsmen, Canadian Armed Forces in the Senior Men's Division All Round. Kurt Eggerswhiler was placed third.

The Junior Men's All Round was a struggle all the way between Steve Mitruk, Hamilton Germania, Sid Jensen, Palastre National Club and Fred Romney, Palastre National Club. Steve Mitruk eventually won out over Sid, and Fred was placed third.

The Junior Girls All Round WaS won by Theresa McDonnell, a young sister of Sus· an's and a member of the Winstonettes, followed by her team mate Judy Thompson and Jennifer Diachun of the Toronto Har· monie placed third.

Women Senior Division- All Round : (1) S. McDonnell , 71.83; (2) M . Minaker 68.92; (3)

S. ~'tn<;s 6~~2~or Division-All Around : (1) B. Brooker 107.80; (2) R. Kinsmen 107.45; (3) K. Eggershwiler 106.53.

Men's Junior Division-All Round: (1) Steve Mitruk 107.85; (2) Sid Jensen 107.65; (3 ) Fred

ROW:;;'e~ 05-JJriior Division-All Round : (1 ) Theresa McDonnell 68 .04; (2) Barb Thompson 67.71 ; (3 ) Jen Diachun 66.89.

Below: Steve M itric 1st II Jr. Men at Eastern Canad ian Championships.

At top : Barb Thompson, 2nd AA Jr. Women Eastern Championships and Rick Kinsman 2nd AA for Sen ior Men at Easterns.

CANADA VS. U.S.A. HELD AT THE C.N.E. COLISEUM, TORONTO

This was a tension packed Meet, as many of the Gymnasts taking part were gettin g ready for the World Championships at Dortmund. This Meet came off slow and late and this did not help the performances of many of the gymnasts. Excessive confer· ences between judges were a contributing factor to the excessive length of the Meet.

The American Men's team coached by Newt Loken, a full team of six, scored 221.50 points to Canada's 215.95, thus avenging last year's defeat. The U.S. team was much improved from last year.

Fred Roethlesberger of the U.S. won the top All Round spot with a tremendous score of 55.60 points. Sid Freudenstein also of the V.S. scored 55.25 to take 2nd place and Willie Weiler of Canada and Arnie Lascari of the U.S. tied for 3rd place with a score of 54.40 points.

Representing the U. S. team-Arno Las· cari, Fred Roethlisberger, Dave Thor, Dan· ny Millman, Sid Freudenstein and Bob Lynn.

Representing Canadian Tea m - Willie Weiler, Andre Simard, R. Dion, B. Brook· er, G. Gannon, Gil Larose, Coach Al Dip· pong.

(When judging Canada's performance note must be taken that Gil Larose did not compete in FX and Vaulting.)

The Women's Meet The American women's team again de·

feated the Canadian team with a score of 132.63 to Canada's 128.88. It must be pointed out that Susan McDonnell and Gail Daly and Irene Haworth were off this Can· adian team because of injuries.

Linda Metheny captured the All Round, with a score of 34.68 followed in seco d place by Joyce Tanac who scored 33.32 and Sandra Hartley of Canada scored 33.26 to take third place.

Many fin e performances were turned in by our women gymnasts which were roundly applauded by a sell out crowd of many thousands. I wish J had space to describe some of the very excellent and imaginative routines both men and women displayed at this Meet.

Representing the U.S. Team- Joyce Tan· ac, Linda Metheny, Mickey Hester, Mere· dith Eubanks, Cathy Carroll, Barb Gal· lagher. Coach P . Sinerelli.

Representing the Canadian Team- Leslie Bird, Sandra Hartley, Suzanne Cloutier, Diana Masse, Eisbeth Austin , Marilyn Min· aker. Coach Mrs. Marilyn Savage.

INDIVIDUAL SCORES Men's All Round: Roethli sberger (US) 55.60 ;

Freudenstein (US) 55.25; Lascari (US) and W. Weiler (C) 54.40; Thor (US 53.75; Simard (C) 53.50. Floor Ex: Millman (US) 9.55; Freuden­stein (US) 9.50; Weiler (C) 9.35. Parallel Bars: Weiler (C) 9.45, Roethlesberger & Thor (U. S. ) and Larose (C) 9.40. Vaulting : Gannon (C) 9.55; Weiler (C) 9.50, Dian (C) 9.50. Horizonal Bar: Weiler (C) 9.45. Freudenstein (US) 9.25; Roeth­lisberegr (US) 9.20. Rings: Roethlisberger (yS) and Millman (US) 9.35 , Lascaro (US) 9.30. SIde Horse: Lascari (US) 935, Thor (US) 9.15, Roeth­lisberger 9. 10.

Women's All Round: Metheny (US) 34.68, Tanac (US) 33.32, Hartley IC) 33 .26, Minaker (C) 33.25, Hester (US) 32.65, Coroll (US) 31.98 . Floor Ex: Metheny (US) 8 .73 , Tanac (US) 8.5, Hartley (C) 8.4 . Uneven. P.B. : Tanac (US) 8 .56, Metheny (US) 8 .53, Hartley (e) 8.36. VaUlting: Metheny (US) 8 .66, Tanac (US) 8.56, Bubank s (US) 8.50. Balance Beam: Metheny (US) and Minaker (C) tied 8.76, Hester (US) and Hart­ley (C) tied for third 8 .20.

(I would like to thank Mrs. Audrey Minaker for the above scores.)

17

TRAMPOLINE CHAMP KILLED MORGAN CITY, La.-Frank Schmitz, of Lafay­

ette, La. internationally known trampoline cham­pion, was killed in a plane crash near here Satur­day nif[ht on the eve of his 21st birthday. Schmitz would have been a senior at Southern Illinois U ni­versity this month.

He was national NCAA champion in trampoline 1965 and won the NCAA gymnastics chompionship in. free exercise and long horse this year.

* * * * The World of Gymnastics ~as lost one of its finest,

most colorful competitors at the peak of his gymnastics career. Frank Schmitz had won the NCAA National Trampoline title in 1965, Long Horse and Floor Exer­cise titles in 1966 and had an excellent chance to win all three again in 1967. He will be remembered in par­ticular for his full and 1% twisting twisting dive roll moves in Floor Exercise and his full twisting front vault in Long Horse, all of l."hich he used successfully in the nationals. Basics for these stunts he learned on tram­poline, the apparatus on which he was rated as one of the world's best performers, if not the best.

BRUSHES WITH DEATH Frank had a particularly full life for his short 21

years. Probably because of this active life he had more than the usual amount of brushes with death, one of which led him to take up gymnastics as a sport.

When he was a small baby he had a near fatal acci­dent when his stroller rolled off the porch of his home. Later, when he was a boy, he found a live bullet and was playing with it in a toy gun when it exploded and a portion of the shell lodged in his liver, there to re­main for the rest of his life.

Most serious of these near misses, however, was in his early teens when he was found lying in the street with a severe head injury, presumably the result of a motor scooter accident. His head was swollen to almost half again normal size and he was delirious and close to death for many days. Before this accident Frank's favorite sport was football, but because of the injury his parents, Polly and Bill Schmitz of Lafayette, La., led him away from contact sports and he became in-

terested in gymnastics. He began gymnastics working on high bar and practiced with the Louisiana Southern University gymnastics team. There he met Wayne Miller (1966 NCAA and World trampoline title holder) and the two competed against each other on trampoline until they became rated among the world's best.

* ~. * * We met Frank Schmitz on less than half a dozen oc­

casions, found him to be a very polite boy and we be­came very fond of him. In addition to being a great trampolinist, he was an "all out" competitor. Examples of his competitive spirit were shown in the last two meets we saw him perform.

At the NCAA nationals at Penn State Frank was com­peting on Long Horse and was high scorer in prelims. After the first vault of the finals he was so far ahead that almost any vault performed reasonably well would give him the championship. Instead of choosing an easy vault, however, Frank executed an almost perfect full twisting vault disregarding the fact that it could be easily missed.

Again, in the L.A. State Tournament of Champions meet held at end of season he showed this same spirit. He had been ill before the meet and unable to work out. Competition on trampoline was such that an easy routine would win for him but he remarked, "Gordie (Coach Gordon Maddux) invited me out here and I'll try to give him a good show. I'll try my nationals rou­tine and see how far I can go." And without having been in a gym for a month performed the routine and scored in the high nines.

It's hard to believe Frank is gone. We will miss him.

T rampolining By Jess Rob i nson

Another school year is upon us and time has come to sort through last summer's stack of mail.

First, from Earl Duggan, instructor at Perkins School in Des Moines, Iowa:

"I thought you might be interested in some potential up and coming young girl trampolinists. After three years of hard work at Perkins Elementary School, our girls have completed their most successful year in gymnastics, winning five divisional titles on the trampoline and many other titles in girls' gymnastic events including the Iowa State A.A.U. All·Around Champion· ship won by Mary McDonald, who is 13 years old.

"Mary is one of our outstanding perform· ers on the tram poline. She is curren tly the State's best in her division. Her routine in· cludes a fliffis out, double back, Rudolph, full twisting back, double twisting back, 1% back and cody. She is now in the process of learning a double cody, full twisting cody and a Randolph.

"Margie Hudelson, 10, has already won the Iowa State and Iowa A.A.U. Divisional Trampoline Championships. She has a double back, full twisting back, double twisting back, Rudolph, and a cody in her routine. Other promising trampolinists are Jill Carey, 10; Diane Sargent, 9; Janny Canon, 12; Pam Havens, 14; Mary Sloan, 13 and Joan Edison, n. All of these have placed 4th or better in their respective divisions in Iowa State competition.

"It might be interesting to note the corre­lation to good performance and good student as all of these girls rate very high academi­cally in their classes. The dedication to the sport of gymnastics by these girls and many others makes my teaching job a most heart warming one."

* * * From John Cosgrove, 14, of Van Nuys,

Calif. : "There are two records that I would like

you to know about. The first may sound silly but I think it should be recognized. Mike McCarthy, a resident of Van Nuys, performed 2000 stomach drops. I don't know if this is a record but I am sending it in anyway.

"The other record was performed by Doug Washburn, a student of Valley Jr. college. He performed 76 hand bounces and the last 30 were claps in mid air! Both of these records were performed at Valley Jr. College."

We would recognize 2000 stomach drops as "Mat Hog" of the year.

*' • * Larry Anderson who has operated a

trampoline school in Honolulu, Hawaii, for many years, writes:

"Punahou School, coached by Fred Sand· ers and Bill Buck, held an Open Invitational Trampoline Meet. Since all of our boy and girl champions go to the school, Fred has inehrited them and took first and second. Our 13-year·old Greg Nelson tied for third.

"Our local high school diving champions are products of our School. Watch for Keala

U'Sullivan, age 15. She had two years basic work with us. Her present diving coach, Wally Nakamoto, was our senior boy cham· .. n pIOn nme years ago.

*' *' * Mike Dennison, a competitor from Ogden,

Utah, and his friends have been helping local trampolinists get started. He says about one of their students:

"We have developed a very good trampo­linist in less than 3 months. His name is Gary Partington, 12, an eighth grader at Mound Fort Junior High here in Ogden. He has learned double backs, Rudy's, backs with full and double twists, back % with full twist to cody's with full. He is now in the process of getting enough nerve for a triple back. I promised him I'd write if and when he threw a double cody. Last week he did it."

Twelve is an ideal age to begin tram po· lining. A boy with Gary's potential should try to attend Tucson Gymnastic Clinic held during Christmas vacation.

• • • Now here is some original thinking:

"To whom it may concern, "This is concerning your trampolines and

the sale of them. My name is Dennis Diem and what my concern is, I went to a gym· nastics meet the day before yesterday. At this meet I sat there and thought of how great it would be if a man on a high bar exercise or routine is the proper name could possibly leave the bar in the air and return to the bar from the trampoline. You may think I'm a couk but at any rate it would be a fabulous routine I believe. The trampo­line I think could do this if you could get schools to buy it.

"What I am speaking of is a smaller trampoline which would be set up from the ground approximately five feet. This tram· poline would I believe after being made and performed in front of gymnastics coaches would probably make a great seller. I would look into this if I was you people."

Then maybe we could get trampoline in the Olympics.

* • *

Larry Shull of Bakersfield, Calif., asks: "Presently I'm a competitive trampolinist

and would be especially interested in ob· taining information on how to do advanced stunts, especially 1 %, back, double cody, fliffis in (front), etc."

Perhaps this year we will give instruction on the more advanced stunts.

* * * FROM'AUSTRALIA

As we mentioned in a previous issue, trampolining in Australia is coming on strong. Weare receiving almost as much mail from "down under" as we receive from here in the States. 1'1\ addition, we correspond by tape recordin'g with John LeHunt, prseident of the Victorian Amature Trampoline Assn. and receive first hand in· formation on all national meets.

Roger Walsh, president of Queensland Amature Trampoline Society wrote that Len Ransom was performing front-front­bar any triffis both to feet and stomach be· fore suffering a knee dislocation. Roger himself has turned a 3% front somersault.

Requests for trampoline information were received from Jack Stokes of Chermside Youth Club; Mrs. G. Bain, physical director of Melbourne YWCA and Jack Barnett, owner of a Tempe Squash, Swimming and Trampoline Center. There seems to be trampolines everywhere.

VISITORS Traveling through Los Angeles were

Harvy Plant, wife and son. Many will re­member Harvy as a nationally rated Tram· polinist a few years ago. He is teaching school near Phoenix, Arizona.

Fred Sanders left Hawaii and will be teaching in Tucson, Arizona. On his way through he worked out on trampoline at the beach and threw a triple back. He just learned the stunt a few weeks ago.

BIRTHDAY CELEBRATION Russ Pierce, Asst. Athletic Director at

Los Angeles Athletic Club, celebrated his 30th birthday by throwing a triple front, triple back, triple porpus (bailout) among other wild stunts. He says "not bad for an old man."

Now here's a gymnasT who realiy knows how to spend a summer vacation. With special clearance from NCAA USGF AAU SEG, SAG, etc., Dan Mlliman will appear brieflY in a beach gymnastics s~ene I~ the ~ew MGM movie "Don't Make .Waves" starTing Tony Curtis Claudia Cardinale Julie Newmar and Sharon Tate. Dan dIdn't get paId for h,s effort~ but fringe benefits were fantastic, as above picture might indicate. (Dan left the scene in middle of filming to attend a clinic for potential Olympians held at Penn State.)

21

'GREATEST SHOW OVER THE WATER' YMCA CIRCUS OVER THE POOL

No Gymnastium At New YMCA-But A Will To Succeed in Gymnastics

By Ronald C. Carter Ph ysical Director, YMCA , Baton Rouge, La.

The Baton Rouge YMCA has had new facilities now for three and one·half years but still has no indoor gymnasium. When the Y. 'lCA abandoned its old facilities be· cause of inadequacy for a YMCA program, there was a small circus and competitive "vmnastics program. It looked as though ~he program would fail at the new location without a gym ; especially because the pro­!!ram was still in the developmental stages. - The YMCA was very fortunate to have a small group of gymnasts who were de­termined to have' a successful gymnastics program regardless of the inadequate situ· ation. Old equipment was restored with paint and repairs. The games lobby became the gymnasium for tumbling and vaulting and balance beam work. The outdoor gym was used when the weather permitted.

Space was found and used for many competitive gymnastic events, but space was still lacking for the hanging activities such as hi bar and rings. But even though the team was limited in events they were very successful their second year in competition. The 12 and und er boys won the team award for first place in the novice SAAU Championship in 1965. That same year the same team won the YMCA Southern Area Sports Festival. Again in 1966 the same bovs team won the same two titles.

it was in September of 1965 that young creative minds began to figure how the hanging activities could be done in our present facilities. The out of doors would present many problems besides the weather. A long look was given to the deck area and ceiling structure of the indoor pool. Already the trampoline was being used on one side of the diving board. The parallel bars were placed on the other side of the diving board and this left no other space on the deep end of the pool. Large con-

22

"Y ·NEWS" Ii you have '.'Y·NEWS" that should be

in the MG ... Send it direct to Kenneth W. Hollis, 3881 W. 25, Cleveland, Ohio, 44109.

crete overhead beams in the shallow end became a means of hanging the still rings over the deck.

Still determined to use more of the pool area as a gymnasium, a trapeze was hung over the water in such a way that near professional stunts could be performed and the water be the net. Then flying and still rings were suspended over the water and a brilliant idea was born. Why not work towards putting on a circus in the pool room. Very soon it was realized ' that there were not enough events to perform as good a circus as could be done in a gym. But this didn't stop those little creative minds. A dad wbo welds was put to work building large tripods to set on the bottom of the pool to hold the girls balance beam. The tripods would be moved by YMCA trained Scuba Divers. Of course this equipment had to be easily adj usted to fit the various curves on the bottom of the pool.

These two big tripods became the most versatile equipment the YMCA could have. Being determied to have at least ten acts over the water for the circus, the tripods had to serve many purposes. They became the base for pyramids and hand balancing high above the water. Baton twirling be­came one of the acts on the small platforms on the tri pods. They became the standards for a long horizontal bar and another act was born.

One of the main attractions in a circus is the tight wire or tight rope. It didn ' t happen over night, but by January, 1966 a manilla rope 80 feet long was stretched the length of the pool between the end walls. To keep the rope up high, the plat­forms on the tripods were placed under the rope and gave the performers a base from which to perform.

But this still wasn't enough. The gym­nasts were determined to use every possible gymnastics event in their circus. The small balance beam tripods were adapted to work in coordination with the large ones so that an attempt to put the trampoline over the water could be achieved. It was tried; a few revisions made and then glorious suc­cess with the gymnasts working both on the trampoline and off of it into the water.

What amazed the circus audience the most was how smoothly and safely this big heavy trampoline moved out over the water f rom the deck through the shallow end to the deeper water.

Other highlights of the circus itself was a triple back somersault off the trapeze into only 4 feet of water. Also, one of the boy performers rode a bicycle across the tight rope and the same boy walked it blindfolded. Another performer actually performed a forward roll on the rope with an 8 pound, 16 foot aluminum balancing pole in his hands.

Kenneth W. Hollis

Many excltlllg acts were coupled with taped circus music and the circus was born. In May the pool was decorated with hundreds of balloons and sheets were hung decoratively around the pool to keep the audience dry. It was very exhausting, but the team put on 4 shows in two consecutive weekends. It was a two hour show with a 20 minute intermission for changing equip­ment and getting refreshments. The per­formers autographed gas filled balloons for the children after the show.

Well, the show is over now and the per­formers have gotten some much earned rest. But, soon after practice was resumed this summer another trapeze was hung and already many of the boys and girls are flying from one trapeze to the other. One boy is doing back somesaults in his flying. The water has proven to be an excellent net even for flying on the trapezes. Also, all of the other acts are being improved upon and made more spectacular for fu­ture shows. Very soon dates will be set for another two weekends of YMCA circus this fall. With the same clowns, good mus­ic, pretty girls, and muscular, courageous boys, the YMCA should have another and better still "Greatest Show Over The Water".

Scenes from YMCA "Water Circus" . At left: Hi Bar over water . Below: a front roll on the Tight Rope. At right: Still Rings, Balance Beam and a Trampoline dismount mto the water. (Laoks like fun)

SECOND ANNUAL NORTH-SOUTH INVITATIONAL GYMNASTICS

CHAMPIONSHIPS - ALL GIRLS Long Beoch State College, May 21, 1966

Presented by Southern California Acro Team Judges: Mrs. Dale McClements Flansaas,

Mrs. Joanne Pasquale, Mrs. Elsie Stellway, Mrs. Judy Trammell , Mrs. Brenda Villard.

North Squad: Coach, Mrs. Irene Schmidt; Stephenie Ardis, Debbie Baily, Wendy Cluff, Lori Forman, Linda Hamby, Joanne Hasimoto, Dagmar Hintnaus, Ava Ichimoto, Linda Loretz, Bey. Marquette, Sue Richards, Susie Singrin, Betty Smith, Joyce Tanac, Denice Wells, Gaye Williams, Terri Zander. .

South Squad: Coach, Mrs . Florence Palos; Bonnie Bennett, Leslie Bird, Karin Galloway, Tina Gudge, Sondra Hartley, Dena Lorentzen, Kerry McCollam, Lisa Nelson, Kathy Perry, Cathy Rigby, Lindo Rodella, Margie Schilling, Jeon Singrin, Sarah Singrin, Irene Vanda, Marie Walther.

Floor Exercise: Wendy Cluff 27.4; Joanne Hasimoto 27; Bonnie Bennett 26.5; Lindo Ro­della 26 .3; Sondra Hartley 25.1 . Side Horse Vaulting : Marie Walther 26.8; Joyce Tanac 26.3; Cathy Rigby 25.8; Joanne Hasimato 25.2; Sondra Hartley 23.2. Balance Beam: Marie Walther 26.8; Wendy Cluff 26.2; Lindo Rode lla 26.2; Joyce Tanac 25.7; Terri Zander 24.3. Uneven Parallel Bars: Marie Walther 27. 1; Debbie Boily 26.7; Cathy Rigby 26.6; Bey. Marquette 25.6; Margie Schilling 24.8.

Aboye: Marie Walther, top woman per­former of the Competition doing a ha nd­spring layout yoU It .

At left: The North squad, coached by Mrs. Irene Schmidt and the South Squad coached by Mrs. Florence Palos.

At right : Gymnastic action during the Competition.

POSTURE AND GYMNASTICS Many gymnastics fan s have started pro·

grams in areas of the U.s.A. by means of a clinic that has grown into an area or national event. Others have created truly great annual gymnastic events in the form of top·level competitions. It is always of interest to us when someone utilizes a truly unique and imaginative approach in bringing gymnastics into the Jives of American youngsters. This then, is the story of "POSTURE AND GYMNASTICS" a story of the Tulsa, Oklahoma Public Schools systems unique and stimulating program tying together the many fitness benefit s of gymnastics and the improve· ment of posture through improved muscle tone of the body.

Tulsa, Oklahoma is a most progressive city of several hundred thousand people. Deep in the heart of the Oklahoma oil country this modern city boasts a new and efficient Education Center that houses the adminislrali ve office of the Tulsa Public Schools. Tulsa had for some years utilized a posture program which involved photo· graphing subjects, comparisons of improve· ments, etc.

A few short years ago, :Mrs. Beatrice Lowe, Supervii"or of Elementary and Secondary Physical Education, became con· vinced of the values of participation in gymnastic activities in improving student fitness and, in turn , posture. It was some·

what new, calling for a change of CUT·

riculum and attitude on the part of several hundred teachers of physical education. Further, it called for equipment for schools and there were not funds available at the time to buy equipment for the program. IvIrs. Lowe turned to the use of pipe (welded into pieces of basic equipment) and wood (balance beams). The teachers in the system were a most dedicated group and set to the task of creating an entirely new program. Several workshops followed and from that base the teachers, Mrs. Lowe and her staff developed an extensive program for the events in use.

In 1966, the Tulsa program had such a high level of performance that Mrs. Lowe began to urge the administration for full·s ized and professionally made gym· nastics equipment. The performances of the youngsters are excellent, and in every instance marked by an over·sized smile that reflects the enthusiasm of both young· sters and teachers. This excellent new pro· gram will undoubtedly continue to grow and the many dollars that used to go into static photographs will now perhaps be

by A. BRUCE FREDERICK WISCONSIN STATE UNIV.

DEPT. OF P.E. & ATHLETICS SUPERIOR, WISe. 54881

applied to equipment that will be used in active and muscle·tone developing pro· grams.

Tulsa deserves a commendation for a city and an education sys tem, that has shown willingness of change from old established patterns when the need for a revision of program is indicated. Mrs. Lowe, her staff at the Education Center and above all else the group of fine teach· ers, each of whom demonstrates a willing· ness to work right with the youngsters all deserve applause for their effort on behalf of their students. Gymnastics will one day be an integral part of the Jives of many Tulsa children and thanks to their teach· ers and school administrators they will be healthier and happier for it.

Below: 1. Doreen Brunnett, Debbie Thomas and Deanna Brummett from Irving Elementary. 2. Young ladies from Cleveland Jr. High. 3 . Students from Johnson Elementary. 4. Reggie Westmacott, Bobby and Wayne Mayfield (Irving) . 5 . Dianna Wolfenbarger, Deanne Brummett, Paula Privette and teacher Eula Griffin from Irv ing School, Tulsa, Oklahoma.

26

Fig. 1

Kip Roll Backwards to handstand

Fig. 4

Gym naStics Methods VOLUl'vIE II ,

" ARTISTIC GYM 'ASTICS MADE EASY" Helmut Bantz, Adalbert Dickhut

Fig. 5

Fig . 6

Fig. 2

~ ... - ....

Fig. 3

Kip Action resulting in Forward and Backward action.

The first kip movement encountered by the beginner is the back extension roll. When the back roll portion (of back ex­tension roll) is begun slowly, the exten­sion of the legs and hips must be vigor­ous in order to get up and pass through the handstand_

The back extension roll is not considered a move of great difficulty but we consider it a very important fundamental gymnastic movement because of its requirement of a vigorous extension of "the legs and hips. (TRANSLATOR'S NOTE: Gymnastics is bending and straightening. ) This dynamic extension of the legs and hips should be so powerful that it requires almost no arm strength to get up into the handstand.

Why do we consider the back extension roll so important for the beginner? Tum­bling is the most fundamental form of gym­nastics_ The littlest beginner, without him realizing it, is being led to his first kip movement. It can easily be made clear to him that this is the fundamen tal movement to all more difficult kips.

After learnin g a good back extension roll , or a back kip on the mat, one only need (s tarting from the kip position ) to transfer his center of gravity forward then extend his legs and hips forward upward to accomplish a kip_ (Figs_ 2 and 3)

Here we want to make two points very clear: the starting position (kip position ) should be a deep pike position (legs straight ) . The extension of the legs and hips to an ex treme arched position should be vigorous. This extreme arch is the most im portant preparation for all following kips and front handsprings on the fl oor, and must be practiced over and over aga in.

Here are suggested exercises to hel p de­velope the feel for this extreme arch phase of the kip. (See Figures 4, 5 and 6).

Fig. 4: Change from kip position to can­dle position.

Fig. 5: Chan ge from candle to neck' bridge Fig. 6: Change from candle-kip position

- Bridge Two spotters can help the gymnast de­

velop the feel of the high bridge position by suppor ting under his shoulders and small of back.

A good kip requires a vigorous extension of hips and legs and powerful push of the hands and head. On the landing, the feet should be under or even behind the hips_ The land ing should be so light that it can­not be heard.

27

"LET'S GO ALL-AROUND"

28

A NEW SERIES EMPHASIZING INSTRUCTION FOR THE ALL-AROUND GYMNAST . . . By Art Shurlock, Gymnastic Coach at UCLA.

-.....

LET~ GO ALL AROUND by Art Shurlock

Gymnastics Coach UCLA Floor Exercise-r rant Handspring

1n order to execute tne handspring well the perlormer should: Take no more than 2 steps and a skip bel ore tne takeoff. Place hands approximately two feet in front of takeotf lOot (Iront leg) . Tllrust off ground as hard as possible with takeoff leg. Keep head back by looking at hands push otf ground (this is the most important key to a good handspring ). K eep arms straight tHroUguoUt tile Ilandspring and keep them trailmg behind aiter the hand push oiL \l'.xtra drive can be developed by extending from the shoulders as the hands are PUSH" jng ott). Pusn hard against tile Uoor to keep knees trom bucklmg once tne feet make contact. Be motionless in a good gymnastics stance (preierably witn arms Slretclled out overhead and the fingers to· getller) as soon as possible after tile land· mg. This is where the beauty of the hand· spring is achieved. Side H orse-M oore Front Out (Shurlock)

This move should be tried by the gym­na;,ts wno have mastered the Russian moore. The moore front out starts as does the ltus­sian moore except that the performer initi­ates the action a fraction later. Instead of reaching for the second pommel the gym­nast continues to hold onto the first porn· mel with both hands until his upper body starts to rotate down toward the neck ot the horse. At this point the hand is stretched to the neck of the horse and the performer continues into double leg circles on the end of the horse.

I I , , l f I t ' I • >-

Parallel Bars-Back Somi Dismount For a high lifting back somi dismount

the gymnast must drive his chest and stomach upward once the vertical support position is reached. The stomach and chest must lead the rest of the body at the time of release. The performer hangs on with his hands until his body starts to pull them off the bar at which time the performer shifts his shoulders and weight to the side on which he is dismounting. Rings- Double Dislocate Shoot to Handstand

From an inverted hang the performer flexes and extends his hips pressing the rings downward so that his shoulders lift up to the level of the rings on the first dis­locate (the arms should be kept straight from the start of the double dislocate.) The second dislocate should be l ifted at least to the inverted cross position by pull­ing the arms wide on the upward phase of the first dislocate. The body on both dis­locates must be arched on the downward phase of the swing to keep from jerking at the bottom. The performer forcefully ,pulls his body into pike on the upward swing. The performer drives into an extended body position. Once his feet rise above the level of his head on the shoot to handstand the performer drives into an extended body position. The arms are pressed wide apart and the performer presses downward im­mediately once the body is at the vertical position. His arms continue to push against the rings until the solid handstand position is reached. A very effective technique is forcing oneself to wait until one sees his feet on the upswing before driving into the shoot to handstand.

I j t .I

I

1 j !

" ~

Horizontal Bar- / nverted Giants A tight forward seat circle with chest on

legs prior to the inverted is essential for a powerful ex tension into inverteds. The tighter the pike on the seat circle, the more powerful the leg extension will be once the performer's hips rise above the bar. The body should be as stretched as much as possible on the downward swing of the inverted. As the performer starts his up­ward rotation his body progressively pulls into a tighter and tighter pike position until he passes over the top of the bar. Once his hips are over the top, he again extends his body for the second inverted or eagle. To keep from dislocating on the inverteds the performer should keep his elbows ro­tated upward and hands a little wider than shoulder width apart. The performer, when he is in the inverted handstand position above the bar, should be pushing backward against the bar with his arms in order to prevent collapsing on the bar.

Long Horse-Front Handspring Pointers-Good run, powerful drive off

board, arch body out on pre-flight by lift­ing heels extra hard on the takeoff. The body should be at 80 degree angle as the hands make contact with the horse. A cru­cial point on the front handspring is to look at horse until after the hands have pushed off the horse. This is in order to stall out. As the performer descends the head is tucked forward to establish visual orientation. The head action is absolutely necessary for consistent solid landings; however, the arms must be forced to trail to prevent overspin.

r 1

I \ '

ti';J, ~ 0;

<. '*'

...... ~,~-f­

;;.,,<'-~

1,'

~\~ FROM A ~~ NEUROTIC JUDGE

Roy Davis, Chairman. Committee on High School Judging, Northern California Gymna, ti cs

Officials Association

(Note : This th e jirst in a series of arti­cles appraising th e FIG Illustrations with recommendations for changes and correc­tions where necessary. These recommenda­tions are NOT the result of any consensus or group discussion; rather, they repre­sent my personal opinion and refle ct obser­vations which I have made in judging from age-group to national championship com­petition since the illustrations were made available last November. It is really an in­justice to realize that these ratings could have had the endorsement or evaluation of our finer gymnastics minds almost three years ago when they were made available to the rest of the world. Where were our international representatives then?) ,"Criticism and the FIG"

A sometimes gnawing source of potential neuroses arises on occasion when I ask myself: "What am I doing all this for ? Why s.buj ect the FIG Code and Ratings to this examination ? Why propose these new ideas? Why be such a malcontent? Does anybody care? Does it have any effect? Do the world offi cials pay any heed to me or to the people for whom I speak ?

IN SHORT, IS THERE ANY VALUE AT ALL TO AN INQUIRING AND CRITlCAL REVIEW OF WORLD GYM­NASTICS RULES AND POLICIES?

If there were no change, no progress, no national differences, no international com­petition , and no human error then perhaps there would be no need for review and clarifica tion, no need to criticize and evalu­ate. The stimulating and welcome fa cts be­lie this situation, however. Controversy exists because differences have arisen and result ed in very uneven changes in different nations. Ergo: World rules and policies must be respec tful and representative of the total gymnastics community it serves. I feel an obliga tion to be of service to what I consider a worthwhile goal. If the gen tle­men who serve as policy-makers are cog­nizant of thi s, then my effor ts are worth­while.

So, hopeful , I sip on my coffee, tremble a little less, sweep the little men and green gremlins into the drawers, draw a long, deep, and determined breath -and, sprawling to the task, open the FIG illus­trations.

FLOOR EXERCISE:

I. "A" Moves-no significant questions

II. " 8" Moves-

b) Jump rearward with Yl tum to momentary hand­stand and roll forward

2. b. Should be on A move

30

e) Flic-flac followed by som­ersault, thighs and legs bent or vice-versa

8. e . Should be A + 8

b) Rise slowly body straight and anns bent or vice­versa to handstand

10. b . This is a misprint, but the rating is OK

III. " C" Moves-

1) Jump forward and roll

~~r::Jd i~g~qU~~sos~~~np rearward with lh turn to handstand and roll for­ward

1. 1. Should be a B

e) Jump rearward to shoul­der stand kip with II:t turn to momentary front ways support

2. e. Should be B + A

c) ~~r~~~nl~a~, J[~fl~C ~6~t~~~ zontal front position on one leg: C + A

5. c. Should be 8 + A

I) ~~~:ed r""~liq~~rr~d l~~~ ward, lower legs and pass them extended through arms: C + A

6 . f. Should be B + A

e) Forward somersault, body extended or body and legs bent, with Ih turn

7. c . Should be B (from a run or hand­spring)

iJ Handspring followed by somersault, body and legs bent

7. i. Should be A + 8

m) Somersault, body and legs bent followed by a somer­sault/ body and legs bent (douole somersault)

7. m. Should be B + 8

p) Somersault, body and legs bent, followed by a hand­spring, legs joined

7. p. Should be B + 8

f) Somersault, thighs and legs bent, followed by somer­sault, body extended or vice-versa

1/~~~ ~~j(~~

8. f. Should B + 8

i) Flie-flae on one arm, fol­lowed by flie-flac on other arm, followed by somer­sault, thighs and legs bent

8. i.. Should be 8 + 8

m) Roll forward to squat po­sition, extend legs, fHe­flae followed by somer­sault, thighs and -legs bent

8. M. Should be A + A + 8

c) Side somersault extended

;,r;~ p~r~A

9. c. Should be 8 + 8

Additional : full twisting bock 60mesault is na,w a C; it should be a B.

Next month: Still Rings

Conditioning " STRENGTH BUILDING PRO GRAM

SPECIFIC T O TH E COMPETITIV E GYMNAST

INTROD UCTION

by Dick W oile August 1%6

Phot os by Rip Searby

For

Are yuur gy mnasts strong and powerful? Can they perform all of the moves you as a coach are able to offer ? The typ ical high school gymnastic program man ifests a maxi­mum emphasis on learning tricks, and more particularly on learning "t he big tri cks." This is certainly an acceptable procedure if it is built on a logical , safe progress ion. But too often it is not!

It is usually assumed that gymnastics, by its very natu re, will provide the strength needed to parti cipate at a maximum level of performance. That gains in strength are achieved th rough regular gymnastic practice cannot be disputed, but it is certainly a slow " hit and miss" process. Many stunts will not be learned or even attempted be­cause the gymnast lacks the necessary strength to execute them. Thus it is not only the strength of the gymnast that suf­fers, but the sport as well.

Safety for the high school gymn ast often depends on an adequate amount of strength. Bodily control on all appara tus is largely dependent on the strength of the gymnast. Anyone associated with high school gym­nastics will certainly attest to this.

After ninety days on this program, the body seems lighter, the tricks easier ; and because most of the exercises are performed on standard gymnastic apparatus the gym­nast, bes ides developing strength , derives a feeling of " being at home" on the apparatus. Missing a handstand on rings or parallels will become the unex pected ra ther than the usual ; side horse work will seem easier, tumbling higher, and a new confidence will be realized on the horizontal bar. In short, the ~mnast, possibly for the first time,

Competition Will teel a new bodily control that should accelerate his learning. At any r ate the gymnastic potential of anyone who follows this program will surely be made more ava ilable.

PROCED URE All exercises shoul d be performed with

one set of ten repetitions for the first week, two sets of ten r epe titions the second week, and three se ts of ten r epetitions the third week. The three sets are to be done at each station before moving on to the next station. This is to facilitate fatigue of cer­tain muscle groups before moving on to the nex t exercise station.

As soon as three sets of ten repetitIOns have been reached at any station, the gym­nast should then try for a maximum of fift een repetitions on the first set until he can successfull y complete two sets of fif­teen. When the gymn ast can correctly execu te two sets of fifteen repetitions on any exercise, he is then ready for a modi­fica tion of that particular exercise - e.g. perform the same exercises wi th a weight belt, perform the exercise through a greater range of movement , or substitute a new and more difficult exercise.

Two to three days a week with a one day rest between seems to provide best resul ts. However , when the competiti ve season begins, less time is available for this program. Specialists should then concentrate on certain exercises commensurate with their parti cul ar apparatus or weakness. The all around gymnast should concentrate on his weaker areas, as determined by him and the coach. Ten to fifteen minutes of this newly modified program performed at the end of practice will continue to elicit strength gains.

EXERCtSE # 1. SKIN THE CAT PULL-OUTS Sk in the cat to deep stretched position (F ig .

I), and pu ll through a strai ght body pos i t ion (Fig. 2) bei ng cer tain t o lead w ith a l ifting of t he hee ls unti l the inverted hang is reached (Fi g. 3). Repeat .

Spec i fic to: Rings- back lever , back lever-pull ta cross H ighbar- German gian ts

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31

PEACH BASKET TO HANDSTAND

by Don Tonry Illustration from chart 66·2, Advanced Parallel Bar Skills, GYMNASTIC AIDES, NORTHBRIDGE, MASS.

1·4. Swing forward with control. Lean backward with shoulders and flex hips.

5·8. Pull hips backward behind hands as body descends. The head is held forward, the shoulders are rounded forward and the arms are held straight. The position of deepest compression takes place before the arms reach the vertical at the bottom of the swing and the calves are approximately between the wrists. Forcefully extend the hips and pull with the shoulders as the

32

ANNOUNCING THANKSGIVING GYMNASTIC WORKSHOP

NOVEMBER 2S - 26 NEWARK STATE COLLEGE, NEWARK, N.J.

The New Jersey Gymnastic Ass~c iation and the New Jersey Division of Girls and Women's Sparts will conduct a Gymnastic Workshop for teachers, ph ys ical educa­tion majars, and coaches at Newark State College on November 25th and 26th, 1966.

The warkshop will place emphasis on how to teach the masses, how to mativ ate the disinterested, proper progression , how to spot and employ safety devices and to impart a greater knowledge of gym· nastics .

Well qual ified teachers and caaches will conduct sessians in all phases of Cymnastics fram grades I through 12. Material will alsa be given on coaching the competitive gymnast. However, teach­ing methodalogy for the average ciass situation will be emphasized.

CHANGE OF PLANS Dan Millman a top All-Around Gymnast

at the University of Calif. and past World Trampoline Champion had an abrupt change of plans when his motorcycle tangled with an automobile . Result: A broken leg and foot a cancelled trip to the World Games in Dortmond, Germany and at least a 10 to 12 week stay in the hospital in traction ...

arms pass the vertical at the bottom of the swing. The correct angle of extention (ver' tical) often gives the performer the feeling that he is shooting his legs too far in front of his hands.

9-11. Release and reg rasp the bars quick· ly as the shoulders rise above the bars. Immediately push downward on the bars while there is still some upward movement as a result of the swing and the shoot.

NEW TREND Glenn:

Enclosed is the picture of my t eam for the new West School in Northfi eld, Illi-

CHARACTERISTCS OF A WELL EXECUTED PEACH BASKET

TO A HANDSTAND 1. Good form throughout. 2. Continuous movement from the under·

swing into the handstand. 3. Regrasp bars, with body in as close

to the finished handstand position as possible.

noi s. This school is the West Division of New Trier High School where I've coached for 25 years.

This team is composed of Freshmen and Sophomore boys and we are beginning a new trend where by everybody works all around ... This team will do a good job for the n ext two years (we hope) as we feel the beginning of traditions will be taking place with a ll new ·sch ools. We have a bra nd new 10 million dollar school with five separate complexes and our physical pla.nt offers the very best. So we hope to do rea l well as a result of unusual oppor­tunities. Gymnastic interest in the grade and Jr. high school in our state is fan­tastic .

Sincerely, Joe Giallombard,o Winnetka, Illinois

Encina High School.

Dear Glenn . I thorou ghly enjoyed the attention given

to high school gymnastics in your last issue. Having been a su bscriber since way back w h en, I can apprecia te the u n­b eli eva.ble progress that ' \1.G . h a s made.

Encina High School , the 1966 Northern California g-ym!l:=t c:: tics ('h t:ln'"lnl{'lTl~ . ,~.~ ... ~ 1 c::!(')

proba bly one of the most improved t eams in the northern section las t yea r. Th ey r e a great group of guys with dedication, sacrifice, and a love for gymnastics t h at is truly inspiration a l.

As their ex -coach , I'd like to take this opportunity to thank th e t eam fnr the b est four y ears of my I ife a n d to wish them the best with their n ew coach and my good fr iend, Ray · Golrlba r.

And Glenn, if possible cou ld you run a t eam pic ture in your next issue (en­closed). The guys I'm sure would rea lly appreciate i t .

Dear Sirs:

Sincerely. D ick Wolfe Gymnastic Coach E n cina H igh Sch oo l 1962 -1966

Thought you may be interested in u s ing this photo of our boy in the M.G.

He is, Odess Lov in, Jr. age 15, and is a member of the Maverick Boys' Club Gym­nastic Tea m coached by Ralph Dykem a.n , Director of t h e Club. He has worked in Tumbling a nd Free X for the past 5 years and has s tarted Appa ratus this year. He has won the Southwestern A .A. U. Sr. Men's Open Championship in Tumbling for the past two years and placed second in Jr. Free X in the sam e Meet.

Enjoy your magazine very much and look forward to each new issu e.

Sin cerely , Mrs. Odess L ovin Amarillo, T exas

GLIDE KIP TO HANDSTAND

B

T H I NGS TO REMEMBER I. START W ITH H I PS HIGH 0-) 2 . ADEQ.UI\TE. STETC H (C)

Dear Glenn : Enclosed are some dra wi ngs! Hope ·you

will u se and pointers on learning a glide kip han dstand. I've also listed the results of twoO meets of interest.

Another important item I'd like to men­t ion is Brooklyn Central's 35th A n nual Gy mnastic Home Exhibition u nder the di­r ection of the one and only Rene J . Kern. I'd say it was one of the best shows h e's put on in years. Guest perfor mers included Abie Grossfeld, Don T,on r y, Jim:nie Amer­in e and many oth ers.

The N .Y. YMCA Gy mnastic Champion­ships a t Coble Skill, New York: Free X : Mike Weins tein, B ill H lad ik , Dave Jacobs. S . H.: Jimmie Yearwood , Joe Francois, B ill Hladik. P , B , : Bill Hladik, W a l t Ca mpagn a, Frank Mogavero. H,B, : Bill H ladik, Dave Jacobs, Bill Allegre tti. L . H .: Dave Jacobs, W a l t Campagna . T . U. : Dave Jacobs , Scott ''Vagne r. T . R.: Bill Doyle, Bob Nun ­ziata , John R obinson. A .A. : Bill Hladik, Brooklyn Central YMCA; Dave Jacobs, Br ooklyn Central YMCA ; Bob Stek el, Broolyn Cen t r a l YMCA. W inning Team: Brook lyn Central YMCA.

The New York City PSAL Gym nastic Championships at Queen 's College : FX : J ose Camacho, Larry S:J lomon , Tom Nel­son . SH : Myron Gluck, Ed A lbright, Bill Hollinsed. PB : Tom Carter, Wayne Cla ir­borne , Tom Connell . H B : John Crosby, Bruce Banks, Ala n Zeithner . TU : John Crosby, Jose Camacho, L a rry Solomon. Rop e : Sta.n Moy 4 :55, AI White 4 :85, Rich Landi 5:1. Winning Tea m : Brooklyn Tech Hig h Sch ool.

John Crosby was the outsta nd ing per­former of the Meet . He is a Freshman a t Brook lyn Tech and is expected to l ead them in t o m a ny c hampions hip meets. J ohnny also works out a t Bro:Jklyn Cen­tra l YMCA u nder t h e expert coaching of 'Red' L anc ton . Johnny l'ece ived the h igh ­es t score in the meet (18.1 composite ) for his three tumbling· p asses :

1. Front sommy stepou t roun doff f lip fl o p flip flop d,Quble fu ll.

2. Roundoff flip flop layout w ith a h a lf roundoff flip f lop full twister.

3. Front sommy s t ep ou t r ound off flip fl o p layout flip flop full.

I'm sure many of your subscriber s in the east ern part o f the U.S. will enjoy reading these r seu lts.

Sincer ely, Vin cent Pozzuoli Brooklyn , New York

M N

3 . T IGHT C:OMPR.6SSION (E -G) 4. PULL BARS DOWNWM.D (F- ~) 5. KEEP SHOl!L.OE-RS oveil. I-IANbS (1 - M)

CALIFORNIA

WINTER

GYMNASTIC

CLINIC December 27-30, 1966

University of California Harman Gymnasium Berkeley, Californ ia

CLINIC HIGHLIGHTS

Instruction - Training - Judging

• Tops in Instruction and Coaching for all age groups

• Ballet and Modern Dance

• 10 Trampolines 10 Beams - 8 Horses and 6 each of all other oieces of apparatus

• Pre-Clinic Invitational Competition in Compu l­sory and Opti<5tlal exer­cises for Men and Women on Dec. 26th.

• Instructional Films­Pius World Champion­ship films

• Social events and Tour

of San Francisco For Further information Write:

Harold Fry Physical Ed. Dept. University of Calif. Berkekley, Californ ia

CENTRAL NEW YORK GYMNASTIC CLINIC DATE: Saturday, December 17, 1966. PLACE : Phys ical Educa t ion Building

State Uni vers ity College, Oneonta , Ne'; York.

PROGRAM: 1. Instruct ion for int ermedi­ate and advanced gymnast s; 2. Lect ure­Demonstrat iors a n teaching and coaching intermediate and a dvanced gymnast ics; 3. Coaches t heor)! sess ion (cri tique, f ilms, routine composition, etc. ) 4. Informal workouts for a ll part icipants.

STAFF: Bud Beyer, Jef Cardina li , Walt Dodge, Joe Fodero, Ed Kanopa, Paul Romeo, Milon Trnka, Ph il Voas.

FEES: Coaches, $5.00; Stude"ts, $2.00. For further reg ist ration informat ion

write: Joseph M. Fodero, State University College, Oneonta, N. Y.

33

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