modelling water yield, sedimentation, and flood dynamics in 2 sub‐basins of the volta basin

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Modelling Water Yield, Sedimentation, and Flood Dynamics in 2 subbasins of the Volta Basin Emmanuel Obuobie, Fred Kizito, Christophe Le Page and Jean Philippe Venot

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Sub - Basin Management and Governance of Rainwater and Small Reservoirs

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Page 1: Modelling Water Yield, Sedimentation, and Flood Dynamics in 2 sub‐basins of the Volta Basin

Modelling Water Yield, Sedimentation, and Flood Dynamics in 2 sub‐basins of the Volta Basin 

Emmanuel Obuobie, Fred Kizito, Christophe Le Page and Jean Philippe Venot

Page 2: Modelling Water Yield, Sedimentation, and Flood Dynamics in 2 sub‐basins of the Volta Basin

Location and background

Page 3: Modelling Water Yield, Sedimentation, and Flood Dynamics in 2 sub‐basins of the Volta Basin

Social aspects of IWRM‐ Tool: Companion modeling‐ Methodology: Stakeholders identify a collective challenge and use 

conceptual frameworks to identify their systems in a play fashion ‐ Collective identification of social and ecological dynamics‐ Outcome: Identification of a shared representation of issues at stake 

(actors, resources, dynamics and relationships) through local stakeholder consultation

Page 4: Modelling Water Yield, Sedimentation, and Flood Dynamics in 2 sub‐basins of the Volta Basin

Conceptual System setup

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Flood vulnerability and land use planning

Page 5: Modelling Water Yield, Sedimentation, and Flood Dynamics in 2 sub‐basins of the Volta Basin

Modeling Water/Sediment Yields‐ Study catchment in Ghana (Zebilla: 1,695 km2) ‐‐ Modeling conducted to include 

upstream inputs to‐ and downstream sinks from study area

Page 6: Modelling Water Yield, Sedimentation, and Flood Dynamics in 2 sub‐basins of the Volta Basin

Model Calibration and Validation

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Calibration results for Yakala

R2=0.72NSE=0.68PBIAS= 12.6%

R2=0.84NSE=0.77PBIAS= 6.3%

0

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1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985An

nual Total W

ater Yield (m

m)

Year

Simulated Measured

0

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8

janv.‐80 janv.‐81 janv.‐82 janv.‐83 janv.‐84 janv.‐85

Mon

thly Total W

ater Yield (m

m)

Calibration Years

Simulated Measured

Conditions for successful calib.R2 > 0.6NSE > 0.50 PBIAS is + 25%(Santhi et al., 2001; Moriasi et al., 2007)

Page 7: Modelling Water Yield, Sedimentation, and Flood Dynamics in 2 sub‐basins of the Volta Basin

Model Calibration and Validation

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R2=0.82NSE=0.78PBIAS= 15.5%

R2=0.83NSE=0.82PBIAS= 4.4%

0

10

20

30

40

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60

70

Mon

thly Total W

ater Yield (m

m)

Calibration Months

Simulated Measured

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Mon

thly Total W

ater Yield (m

m)

Validation Months

Simulated Measured

Calibration and validation  results for Nawuni

Page 8: Modelling Water Yield, Sedimentation, and Flood Dynamics in 2 sub‐basins of the Volta Basin

Key water Yield ResultsMethodology: Simulated discharge in ‘cms’ was converted to ‘cmy’Outcome: Estimate of water fluxes that can be imported into WEAP for allocation to the different water users in the basinMean annual water yield: 1.4 Billion m3 of which 0.16 Billion m3 is generated within the basin. The remaining 90% is generated upstream of the basin.

0

500

1000

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1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

Annu

al W

ater Yield (M

m3)

Zebila water yield Total water yield

0

100

200

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400

500

600

700

800

900

Total W

ater Yield (M

m3 )

Page 9: Modelling Water Yield, Sedimentation, and Flood Dynamics in 2 sub‐basins of the Volta Basin

Sediment Yield Estimation‐ Methodology: Empirical relationship between water discharge and sediment 

concentration yields sediment discharge.‐ Sediment discharge is used to simulate and calibrate sediment transport (t/day) 

in the catchment; yield is computed as a function of study area  t/ha‐ Outcome: Estimate of sediment yields permits scenarios for interventions to 

mitigate problem e.g. grass strips

Calibration and validation  Results for Nawuni

Page 10: Modelling Water Yield, Sedimentation, and Flood Dynamics in 2 sub‐basins of the Volta Basin

Sediment Yield Estimation

‐ Average annual sediment yield for Zebila catchment: 3.4 t/ha/yr 

‐ Sediment yield by land use type: Cropland/woodland, Savanna

Land use Cropland/woodland Savanna

Sediment (t/ha/yr) 4.7 2.1

Contribution to sedimentation (%) 69 31

‐ Average sediment yield in reservoirs  in Zebila catchment: 0.012 t/ha/yr (2035 t/yr) 

‐ Global average sediment yield: 15 t/ha/yr

‐ Average for Africa: 9 t/ha/yr 

Page 11: Modelling Water Yield, Sedimentation, and Flood Dynamics in 2 sub‐basins of the Volta Basin

GEO‐SFM ModelFlood Hazard Assessment 

HydrographSmall reservoirs

Page 12: Modelling Water Yield, Sedimentation, and Flood Dynamics in 2 sub‐basins of the Volta Basin

Characterizing Flood Risk

Generate DailyHistorical Rainfall

(1961-2003) by reanalysis

Produce a synthetic

streamflow record

Compute Bankfull storage

Determine locations where bankfull storage

Is exceeded

?

Page 13: Modelling Water Yield, Sedimentation, and Flood Dynamics in 2 sub‐basins of the Volta Basin

Next Steps

o Conduct data processing module, water balance routines and flow routing modules

o Generate flood hazard map  

Flood modeling

Sediment modelingo Model scenarios of interventions e.g., introducing grass 

strips to ascertain impacts on erosion and sedimentation  

Page 14: Modelling Water Yield, Sedimentation, and Flood Dynamics in 2 sub‐basins of the Volta Basin

Concluding Remarks

‐ Modeling tools are useful for studying sedimentation/erosion and flooding dynamics within the framework of Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM)

‐ Estimates indicate that 90% of the sub‐basin water resources are from upstream sources which signifies implications for upstream‐downstream collaboration on IWRM issues

‐ Sedimentation control through interventions ensures that:‐ Reservoirs are not subjected to uncontrollable siltation levels ‐ Storage capacity of reservoirs is lengthened and they are used 

more productively which‐ Enhances community water provision and livelihoods in the Basin 

Page 15: Modelling Water Yield, Sedimentation, and Flood Dynamics in 2 sub‐basins of the Volta Basin

Concluding Remarks‐ 2

‐ Flood hazard modeling  is far advanced. When completed the generated hazard maps will inform decision making regarding land use planning in the study catchment. This will help reduce vulnerability to flooding disasters. 

‐ Results from sedimentation and flood modeling feed  into multi‐stakeholder platform for policy and IWRM interventions

Page 16: Modelling Water Yield, Sedimentation, and Flood Dynamics in 2 sub‐basins of the Volta Basin

Thank you