modelling the fire propagation and fire impacts on...
TRANSCRIPT
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Modelling the fire propagation and fire impacts on buildings in the Wildland-Urban Interfaces
Anne GANTEAUME
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Journées CAQSIS 2019
INTRODUCTION
Increasing Wildland-Urban Interfaces (WUI) in SE France
Context
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Journées CAQSIS 2019
INTRODUCTION
Increasing Wildland-Urban Interfaces (WUI) in SE France => Increasing fire occurrence
Context
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Journées CAQSIS 2019
INTRODUCTION
Increasing WUI in SE France => Increasing fire occurrence
Role of the ornamental vegetation as important vector of fire propagation towards housing
Context
Photo: Lilian Pugnet
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Journées CAQSIS 2019
INTRODUCTION
Increasing WUI in SE France => Increasing fire occurrence
Role of the ornamental vegetation as important vector of fire propagation towards housing
Context
Possible significant damage to structuresCSIRO
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Journées CAQSIS 2019
INTRODUCTIONContext
Ornamental vegetation => Possible significant damage to structures
Due to massive firebrand shower … …or to heat radiating from the flame front
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Journées CAQSIS 2019
INTRODUCTIONContext
Ornamental vegetation => Possible significant damage to structures
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Journées CAQSIS 2019
INTRODUCTIONContext
Ornamental vegetation => Possible significant damage to structures
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Journées CAQSIS 2019
INTRODUCTIONContext
Need to better understand the fire behavior in WUI vegetation
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Journées CAQSIS 2019
INTRODUCTIONContext
Modelling the Fire Behavior : What’s the status?
SDIS 13
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Journées CAQSIS 2019
INTRODUCTIONContext
Modelling the Fire Behavior : What’s the status?
FIRESTAR
Semi-physical network model
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Journées CAQSIS 2019
INTRODUCTIONContext
Modelling the Fire Behavior : What’s the status?
Very efficient modelling in Wildland vegetation
Common outputs: Fire rate of spread, fireline intensity, flame height, fire perimeter
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Journées CAQSIS 2019
INTRODUCTIONContext
Modelling the Fire Behavior : What’s the status?
Very efficient modelling in Wildland vegetation
WFDS simulation code
Some attempts at the WUI
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Journées CAQSIS 2019
INTRODUCTION
What do we need now?
Modelling the Fire Behavior in WUI vegetation
Adapting models because more heterogeneous vegetation in WUI than in wildland
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Journées CAQSIS 2019
INTRODUCTION
What do we need now?
Modelling the Fire Behavior in WUI vegetation => impacts on structures
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Journées CAQSIS 2019
METHODOLOGIE
Modelling the Fire Behavior in WUI vegetation : How?
Generating vegetation scenes (2D & 3D)
Species, crown diameter, crown height, total height
Georeferenced plants => spatial distribution of vegetation
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Journées CAQSIS 2019
METHODOLOGIE
Getting data on the structure of ornamental species
Litter bulk density, litter load, leaf bulk density, leaf SVR, FMC% dead fuel, % live fuel
Photo: Irstea Photo: Irstea
Modelling the Fire Behavior in WUI vegetation : How?
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Journées CAQSIS 2019
METHODOLOGIE
Getting data on the flammability of ornamental species
Photo: Irstea
Modelling the Fire Behavior in WUI vegetation : How?
Flammability experiments:Time-to-ignitionFlaming duration
Ignition temperatureFlame height,
Flame temperature, etc.
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Journées CAQSIS 2019
METHODOLOGIE
Selecting the model
Based on the fire spread model SWIFFT (De Gennaro 2017)
=> Enhanced combustion scheme⇒ Coupled with a module of fire-induced thermal degradation of structures⇒ Adding a simplified firebrand modelling
Modelling the Fire Behavior in WUI vegetation : How?
• FireWUI
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Journées CAQSIS 2019
SOME RESULTS
Modelling the Fire Behavior in WUI vegetation
SCENARIO 1 :Vitesse- direction de vent fictives (10m/s - Vent origine Sud-Ouest) //
Terrain plat //Jardin sous vent dominant // Pelouse sèche non tondue
14s
84s
42s 56s
210s168s
Jardin brûlé en 252s d’après la simulation.
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Journées CAQSIS 2019
SOME RESULTS
Modelling the Fire Behavior in WUI vegetation
14s
168s
42s 112s
224s196s
SCENARIO 2 :Vitesse/direction de vent fictives (10m/s - Vent origine Nord-Ouest-) // Terrain plat // Jardin attaqué par le flanc du feu // Pelouse sèche
non tondueJardin brûlé en 238s d’après la simulation.
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Journées CAQSIS 2019
SOME RESULTS
Modelling the Fire Behavior in WUI vegetation => impacts on structures
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Journées CAQSIS 2019
SOME RESULTS
Modelling the Fire Behavior in WUI vegetation => impacts on structures
% façade dégradée par le flux thermique
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Journées CAQSIS 2019
SOME RESULTS
Modelling the Fire Behavior in WUI vegetation => impacts on structures
% façade dégradée par le flux thermique
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Journées CAQSIS 2019
SOME RESULTS
Modelling the Fire Behavior in WUI vegetation => impacts on structures
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Journées CAQSIS 2019
SOME RESULTS
Modelling the Fire Behavior in WUI vegetation => impacts on structures
% façade dégradée par le flux thermique
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Journées CAQSIS 2019
SOME RESULTS
Modelling the Fire Behavior in WUI vegetation => impacts on structures
% façade dégradée par le flux thermique
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Journées CAQSIS 2019
SOME RESULTS
Modelling the Fire Behavior in WUI vegetation => impacts on structures
% façade dégradée par le flux thermique
Scenario with unmanaged vegetarion around housing
Vegetarion managed around housing
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Journées CAQSIS 2019
FUTURE WORKS
Modelling the Fire Behavior in WUI vegetation => impacts on structures
Using WFDS=>testing different scenarios of vegetation distribution around the house
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Journées CAQSIS 2019
FUTURE WORKS
Modelling the Fire Behavior in WUI vegetation => impacts on structures
Firewise scenario: Thinning
Wind direction => most likely fire direction
Using WFDS=>testing different scenarios of vegetation distribution around the house
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Journées CAQSIS 2019
FUTURE WORKS
Modelling the Fire Behavior in WUI vegetation => impacts on structures
Wind direction => most likely fire direction
Unfirewise scenario: Big tree overhanging the roof
Using WFDS=>testing different scenarios of vegetation distribution around the house
A. Ganteaume
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SDIS 13
Thank you for your attention