modelling and simulation assignment

8/3/2019 Modelling and Simulation Assignment

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Modeling and SimulationTopic- Extend

Group Members:-Abhiranjan Rathore 11030241001Deepak Kanojia 11030241007

Harsha Hatti 11030241045Ketaki Kaujalgi 11030241014Reshmi MenonSumedha NayyarVikram Singh 11030241214


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Contents

Modeling and Simulation Simulation Tools

Introduction to EXTEND

Goal of Extend

Pioneering Features of Extend Extend Products

Extend Modeling Environment

Communication with Other Applications

Integrated Database

Data Analysis Optimization

Advantages of Extend

Applications

Conclusion


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Modeling and Simulation

Ways to study a system


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Simulation Tools

Softwar

e

Vendor Typical Applications of

the software

Primary Markets for

which the software is

applied

Arena Rockwell

Software

Manufacturing, supply

chain, customer

management, business

process, healthcare,

military, warehousing

and logistics

improvement

Manufacturing, supply

chain/logistics, business

process,military,healthcare

Automod Brooks

Automation

Material handling and

movement

systems,warehousing,ba

ggage handling and

manufacturing

Automative,aerospace,airp

ort

operations,manufacturing,

warehousing and

distribution


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Software Vendor Typical Applications of

the software

Primary Markets for

which the software is

applied

Extend Imagine

That

Model Continuous,

discrete event or

discrete rate processes

plus get a relational

data management

system

Large scale and rate based

systems,manufacturing,logi

stics,packaging

lines,transportation,busines

s,call

centres,engineering,scientific

Flexsim Flexsim

Software

Products

Inc.

Manufacturing, material

handling, warehousing,

distribution, real time

monitoring/ analysis,

supply chain, containershipping, storage

access systems

Manufacturing, material

handling, warehousing,

distribution, real-time

monitoring/analysis, supply

chain, container shipping,storage access systems

Micro saint Microanalys

is & Design

Inc.

Has been used primarily

to model applications in

defense, human factors,

manufacturing andservice industries.

Defense industry,huma

factors


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Introduction to EXTEND

Extend from Imagine That,Inc.,is a visual, interactivesimulation tool(Krahl 1995) that contains a built in

development system that allows the user to construct

components and build custom user interfaces.

Models are constructed graphically by dragging anddropping blocks(high level model components) from

library windows onto the model worksheet.

Data can be entered directly into block dialogs,

interactively using controls, or read from files as the

simulation runs.

Output is in the form of plots, histograms, tables, and

customizable reports.


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Extend exist as:

A standalone simulation tool which can be used to

create complex discrete event and continuous models

without programming.

A simulation authoring package where modelinterfaces can be easily created to enhance

productivity and ease of use, again no coding is

necessary.

A development environment for building sets of

custom reusable and integrated components. This

programming environment allows the modeler to

create their own simulator.


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Goal of Extend

The goal of Extend is that a modeler will be able to: Build models quickly

Make changes interactively

See results immediately

Explore all alternatives

Develop customized components

Simulate any system or process

Share models and components with others

Use the model as a virtual environment for

communicating ideas


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Pioneering Features of Extend

In the process of developing and enhancing Extend,Imagine That has scored a number of firsts in the

simulation industry.

YEAR INNOVATION

1988 First open source modeling components1988 First template-based (library) simulation system

1988 First application designed for a GUI

1992 First hierarchical modeling environment

1992 First message-based discrete event architecture

1995 First Windows/Macintosh simulation system

1998 First scripting capability

2001 First open source Optimizer

2001 First drag and drop ActiveX support

2001 First integrated support for proof animation

2001 First integrated network communication support


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Extend Products

Extend is unique in its use of open source and an integrateddevelopment environment. This allows model builders to createtheir own components based on the standard components.

Extend product family is designed to meet the needs of the

entire enterprise. All products based on Extend include

Drag and drop modeling using the Extend built-in modelingcomponents.

A full suite of inter-process communication tools for communicatingwith other applications such as Microsoft Excel.

Hierarchical modeling architecture

Evolutionary Optimization

Animation

The innovative ModL language for development of vertical marketsimulation solutions.


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EXTEND

PRODUCT

DESCRIPTION TYPICAL USE

Extend Drag and drop simulation for

continuous models

Continuous modeling of scientific

and engineering systems.Extend +

BPR

Business process

reengineering package

Modeling business processes

Extend +

Manufacturin

g

Advanced discrete event

modeling components

Manufacturing, healthcare and

communications.

Extend +

Industry

Adds an integrated database

and high speed systems

modeling to Extend+

Manufacturing

High speed processes and

complex systems where it is

useful to separate the model data

from the structure

Extend Suite Proof Animation and Stat::Fit

as well as the BPR andmanufacturing modules

Organizations which need to

model complex processes andbuild high quality animations.

Industry Suite Extend Suite and the added

benefit of the industry module

The ultimate in simulation

support, combining continuous,

discrete event, rate, embedded

database and sophisticated

animation in one package.


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Extend Modeling Environment

Extend models are constructed with library based iconicblocks.

Each block describes a calculation or a step in process.

Block dialogs are mechanism for entering model data

and reporting block results. Blocks reside in libraries. Each library represents a

grouping of blocks with similar characteristics such as

discrete event, plotter, electronics or business process

reengineering.

Blocks are placed on the model worksheet by dragging

them from the library window onto the worksheet.

The flow is then established between the blocks.


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Extend Modeling Structure


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Single Server, Single Queue

Example

Model of car wash is shown.

Generator block:

periodically creates items

(dirty cars in this case)

Queue: FIFO block that holds the cars until requested bythe next block.

Wash bay: Represented by activity delay block with alimited capacity of one processing unit.

Input Random Number block-specifies the delay for the

activity and is connected to D or delay connector. Eachtime a car arrives to a activity, a new value is sampledfrom this.

Exit block: removes the cars from the system.


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Graphical Output

Discrete Event Plotter graphicallydisplays model metrics(values).

Plotter will graph the contents of thequeue (number of dirty cars waitingin line)over time.

Length connector(L) on queue FIFOis connected to an input on theplotter.

During and after the simulation run,the results of the simulation arereported within the blocks,

displayed on plotters, sent toreports and exported to other

applications.


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an e er mu at on n

Extend

VV 11 22

Cust omers

Cust omer s come

i n f r o n t d oo r

FF

LL WW

Wai t i ng Li ne

DD

TT UU

Tel l er 1P l o t t e r

DD

TT UU

Tel l er 2

DD

TT UU

Tel l er 3

##

( 4)( 4)Exi tExi t

Pl ot t er

Hel pHel p

countcount

T e l l e r s

Leave bank

The first/customer blockgenerates an arrival stream ofcustomers according to somearrival process that youspecify.

The "waiting line" block simplyrecords how long eachcustomer is in the waitingqueue.

The teller blocks delay eachcustomer for some random

length of time. As with thefirst block, you can specifythe distribution of this delay.

The final block simplyremoves completedcustomers from the system.


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Questions that can be answered

with such simulation Some examples are:

What's the benefit of adding more tellers? Is it worth

the cost?

What's the effect of offering specialized service,

for example, a "deposits only" teller?

What is the effect of reducing the service time, e.g.,

by increasing the wage rate so that the bank keeps

more experienced tellers?


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Communication with Other

Applications

Automatic communication between Extend and otherapplications can take following forms:

Paste- Link where the information is automaticallyupdated between Extend and Excel. Setting up this type of

communication only requires copying the value in oneapplication (Extend or Excel) and selecting paste-link inother application. This produces a live link that updateswhenever the value in the host application changes.

The IPC(Inter Process Communication) library in Extendallows models to send data to, get data from and executemacros within other applications, including Excelspreadsheets. These blocks utilize IPC functions tocommunicate directly with other applications and respondto simulation events and traverse the spreadsheet.


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Extend can access database information through

ODBC(Open Database Connectivity) .As with all of

Extends inter process features, this is available both

on the block level(accessible with no programmingrequired) and on API level within Extends ModL

programming environment.

DLL(Dynamic Link Library):A separate application in

the form of a DLL can be called from the ModL code.

This library can be written in any one of a number ofpopular programming languages including

FORTRAN,C,C++,PASCAL.


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Integrated Database

The Extend + Industry package contains an integrated

relational database. This database provides a complete

data management system for model input and output.

The database is built directly into the model to houseproduct data, process information and experiment with

scenarios.

By separating data from the model, the database

enables fast scenario implementation, flexible analysis

and improved project management. Configure tables for experiments and reports

Use database aware blocks to built powerful model constructs.

Assign strings to items using database aware attributes.

Leverage dates, times and other data formats such as currency.


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Integrated Database.

Integrated database is relational and parent-childrelationships can be used to better organize the

information in the model.

For example, each entry in a table of part types can

reference its own unique routing table. This is an extremely powerful feature for organizing

information used in complex simulation models.


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Data Analysis

Extend offers a number of methods for analyzing bothinput and output data. These range from internalanalysis features to built-in interfaces with otherapplications.

An interface to distribution-fitting programs is provided toaid users in selecting appropriate statistical distributionsbased on empirical data collected in the field.

Sensitivity analysis can be performed to determine howsensitive a system is to changes in specific inputparameters.

For example: to determine how sensitive the car wash is

to the changes in the inter-arrival time of dirty cars,sensitivity analysis can be performed on the inter-arrivalmean parameter of the Generator block.


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Data Analysis.

By selecting the inter-arrival time dialog item and choosing

Sensitize parameter from the Edit menu, the change in the

parameter value from one run to the next is defined.

Simulation parameters such as the number of runs and

simulation end time can be specified in the Simulation Setupdialog under the Run menu. By cycling through different inter-

arrival times for the dirty cars and comparing the results from

the different runs, an understanding of how sensitive the car

wash is to the arrival rate of dirty cars an be obtained.

The Statistics library helps users to collect and analyze outputdata. Blocks from the Statistics library automatically gather

data from the specific blocks and calculate confidence

intervals.


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Optimization

Extends Evolutionary Optimizer employs powerfulenhanced evolutionary algorithms to determine the

best model configuration.

Using a drag and drop interface, performance metrics

and parameters that can be varied are entered into theOptimizer block. These parameters are used in an

equation that defines the objective function.

When the model is run, the Optimizer block generates

alternatives and locates the statically best configuration.


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Optimization

Unlike external optimizers, Extends optimization is wellintegrated into the program. For eg, when the

optimization process is complete, model parameters are

automatically set to the optimal configuration. In addition,

because the optimizer has been implemented in a block,

the source code is available for examination and

modification.


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Interactive Even during a model run, Extend parameters and model logic can

be changed "on the fly" rather than having to wait until thesimulation ends. This means we can get fully involved with anExtend model, even play with it, and leave no alternativeunexplored. Extend's point and click interactivity translates intofaster answers and winning solutions.

Reusable We can create, reuse, even distribute Extend blocks the

components that comprise a model. Group existing blocks to savethem as one hierarchical block. Or develop custom blocks withunique behaviors, icons, and dialogs. Store our new block in an

Extend library for reuse in other models or for distribution to others.Block reusability increases productivity, improves consistency ofdesign, and avoids having to reinvent the wheel each time you builda new model.


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Scalable Because of its powerful constructs and unlimited hierarchicalstructure, Extend is used to produce complex enterprise-widemodels. Yet its accessibility makes it the simulation tool ofchoice for small and mid scale models. While we can add morefunctionality to Extend, in the form of third party modules andcompanion products, we always have full capability to model any

size project. Visually Transparent

Block icons convey the structure and behavior of the model at aglance. In Extend, both the flow of items and the flow of valuesare graphically represented. This unique mapping of visualmeanings into their equivalent icons promotes quick

understanding of a model to anyone viewing it. Extend Firsts

Extend was the first simulation tool developed specifically for awindowing environment.


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Well Connected Extend supports the component object model (COM/ActiveX) andopen database connectivity (ODBC). We can embed an Excelspreadsheet into our Extend model, directly access data from adatabase, control an application from within Extend, or have itcontrol Extend. These technologies have been implemented asmodeling components so that communication between applications

is a drag-and-drop operation, with no programming necessary. Extendable (open source)

Extend block components are developed using its compiledlanguage and integrated development environment. They are OpenSource to allow modification and enhancement. We can alterexisting blocks and develop new proprietary components fordistribution to internal or external customers. Linking to code and

routines written in external languages is also supported. Extend'sopen source architecture gives us the freedom to model anything.


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Applications

Since Extend is a general purpose simulationprogram, it has been used in many types ofsimulation projects. Areas where Extend has beensuccessfully applied include Manufacturing

Service industries Business Process Reengineering

Communications

Logistics

Health care

Control systems

Environmental studies

High speed processing


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Supply Chain Simulation

The Pre-analytical,analytical and Post-

analytical blocks each

simulate their portion of

the labs operation.

Pre-analytical section

models specimen receipt,

accession number,

specimen receipt time

and the number of teststo be performed.


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Supply Chain Simulation

Analytical hierarchical gathers information about thenumber of accessions and tests performed by the

analyzer and determine turn-around times and

utilization for all instruments

Post Analytical blocks export pertinent data to aMicrosoft Excel spreadsheet for analysis and

reporting.

Communication between model and the

spreadsheet is handled automatically by ExtendsIPC(Inter-Process Communication) library.


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Conclusion

Extends design provides a superior simulationenvironment. Its intuitive interface, rich set of modeling

components, an extensive authoring and development

environment ,and more advanced simulation technology,

makes it a better solution for simulation engineers who

need to efficiently utilize their modeling time. Extend has

succeeded in defining its position as a leader in

simulation software .

modelling and simulation assignment

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