Modeling computer-supported reflective learning: Combining a high-level timeline view with reflection cycles and tool use Birgit R. Krogstie, John Krogstie, Michael Prilla

The CSRL mode: Vision

▪ Stakeholders in an organization (managers, employees, and developers) better understand and support reflective learning in the organization

▪ They identify cycles of reflective learning connecting work and reflection on work along the timeline.

▪ To consider the potential of specific tools to support the reflection, the group agrees on a shared model of the reflective learning process(es) in the organization, informing later design decisions.

The CSRL model: Purposes

▪ How to capture and analyze reflection processes (analysis)?

▪ How to use (existing tools) for complex reflection scenarios (envisioning, planning)?

▪ How to support certain reflection processes (socio-technical design)?

The CSRL views

▪ Reflection cycle: Modelling a reflective learning process

▪ Timeline: High-level model of reflective learning stories. Providing a structure for modelling reflective learning cycles - an instantiation of the reflection cycle view.

▪ Tool use: Showing how reflection tools can support activity in the reflection cycle, linking tool use to each of the stages

▪ Emotion: To address emotion role throughout the reflection cycle

The MIRROR CSRL model: cycle view

Interactive version:http://research.idi.ntnu.no/mirror/csrl_v1_2_1/CSRL_v1_2_1_Clickable_General_version/start.html

Focus on:• Stages• Activities within stages• Transitions between

stages,• Transitions to new

reflection cycles

Triggers in the CSRL model

The MIRROR CSRL model: cycle view - transitions

▪ What is meant by transition?▪ Change in the stage ▪ Change in scope (how big part of the organization is involved,

e.g. individual, team, whole organization)▪ Change in what roles are involved in the reflective learning

process (floor workers, management,..)

▪ Why is it important to identify transitions?▪ Keep the cycle active until a resolution has been achieved or

applied▪ Need appropriate support

Applying the reflection cycle view to understand reflection in practice: Example from a hospital

① A nurse reflected on an incident with starting an emergency alarm. ② As she found no solution, she asked the head nurse to reflect with her. ③ The two remembered similar situations and came up with proposals. To

get agreement and further ideas, they brought up the topic for reflection in a staff meeting.

④ The ideas resulting for a meeting were reflected with management.

MODELLING REFLECTION WITH THE TIMELINE VIEW

Analysing and planning reflection support based on scenarios: Technical and organisational needs and issues

The MIRROR CSRL model: Timeline view

Modelling collaborative reflection

▪ Basis: Scenario / story of reflection▪ Modelling the scenario▪ Explicating triggers and transitions

▪ Overview of reflective learning processes from user perspective▪ Modelling by different stakeholders▪ Agreement between stakeholders

Modelling collaborative reflection

Work / outcome

levels

Process levels

Goal:Make visible how the process proceeds through transitions between levels in the organization

Modelling collaborative reflection

Identification of reflection cycles:

Frame for (more) detailed modelling for cycles

The MIRROR CSRL model: Tool view

▪ For each stage identification of potential tools to support aspects of the reflective learning process

▪ Focus on learner´s needs at a given stage

Evaluation within the MIRROR project

▪ 26 participants, 5 groups▪ One real life scenario per group▪ Task: Modelling and analysing reflection in the

scenario + using apps for support

▪ Group members▪ 1-2 familiar with example and apps▪ No modelling experts

▪ Initial evaluation, further work outside the consortium planned (consulting, design, …)

Modelling collaborative reflectionExamples from evaluation

Results from the evaluation

▪ Positive perception▪ New ideas▪ Interest in further usage

▪ Challenges▪ Triggers vs. Transitions▪ Identifying cycles

Results from the evaluation: Unanticipated usage

▪ Branches

▪ Uncertainty (elements between levels)

▪ Combined usage of tools

Outlook: towards CSRL model 2.0

▪ Use of the CSRL model for communication among stakeholders

▪ Switching between different levels of abstraction▪ Flexibility (vs. rigidity) in the modeling▪ The need for guidelines, facilitation and experts

present

▪ Goal: Improve support for design of applications supporting reflection, with guidelines for design and further (socio-technical) context for reflective learning

Thank you very much!Questions?