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Master Thesis Faculty of Communication ScienceMajor in Technologies for Human CommunicationMODEL DRIVEN DESIGN FOR SMALL SCALE MULTIMEDIA APPLICATIONS: USABILITY ASSESSMENT

PAOLO RIVIELLOOBJECTIVESTo show Model Driven Design in use developing a web application

To evaluate usability issues in JOpera

To give possible suggestions based on usability assessmentBACKGROUNDEND USER DEVELOPMENTWEB SERVICE COMPOSITIONMODEL DRIVEN DESIGNJopera usability evaluation, a mashup maker based on Model Driven Design thought to be used also by non-programmersWORK DONE - STEPSDevelopment of a mashup with JOpera

Development tasks and actions descriptions

MiLE+ heuristics applications to tasks and actions (expert review)

Usability test on problems found through expert review

WORK DONE THE WEB APPLICATION

WORK DONE MDD IN JOPERA

A PROGRAM WRITTEN IN XML

FIRST LEVEL OF ABSTRACTIONOPERA MODELING LANGUAGE MODELS THE PROGRAM (METALANGUAGE)

SECOND LEVEL OF ABSTRACTIONJOPERA VISUAL COMPOSITION LANGUAGE DEFINES HOW MODELS INTERACT WITH EACH OTHERS (METAMODEL)WORK DONE MiLE+ heuristics application4 heuristics categories:

Content (limited to communication quality)

Navigation (within a folder/file/project/program)

Interface (development path in cognitive heuristics)

Technology/performance (action/error/file management and application run)

USABILITY PROBLEMS FOUNDCategoryFunctionalProblemUndo/redo button functionProblemActions historyProblemAction conventionalityProblemRun button functionCategoryInterface layoutProblemButton ambiguityProblemInformation scent/ String of character conventionalityProblemAction choice/ Choice overloadProblemFile positionCategorySemiotics ProblemImages conventionality / IntuitivenessProblemIcon consistencyWORK DONE - USABILITY TESTTERMINOLOGY SURVEY (9 definitions, 3 possible terms choices)

INTERACTION TEST(2 tasks, 5 minutes to accomplish)

PAPER PROTOTYPING TEST(5 tasks, think aloud method)

RESULTS TERMINOLOGY SURVEYUsers feelings:I answer from my competencei know this term, but not in this definitioni dont have in mind the concept of the definitionDIFFERENCE FROM JOPERA DEVELOPERS EXPECTATIONS AND USER FEEDBACKRESULTS INTERACTION TESTTask 1: application run methods

Users attention focalized on MENU and TOOLBAR

Task 2: instances connection

4 users reached the goal but not in the expected way

UNEXPECTED RESULTSRESULTS PAPER PROTOTYPING TESTConnection icon choice

Icon recognition

Adapter choice

Applications run path

File position

3 on 5 chose Using icons the percentage of right answer rose from 32% to 72%Information are necessary but must be reachable at first glance, as with mouseover tooltipsInformation are necessary, but it would be better to have a preview button maybe in the menuInformation are not given in the right position, and interaction would be more functional than explanationsINFORMATION ARE FUNDAMENTAL, BUT USERS FOCALIZE ATTENTION ON INTERACTIONRESULTS EXPERT REVIEW AND USABILITY TEST COMPARISONCategoryFunctionalSolutionProblemUndo/redo button functionVERIFIEDProblemActions historyNOT STUDIEDProblemAction conventionalityPARTIALLY VERIFIEDProblemRun button functionVERIFIEDCategoryInterface layoutSolutionProblemButton ambiguityPARTIALLY VERIFIEDProblemInformation scent/ String of character conventionalityNOT VERIFIEDProblemAction choice/ Choice overloadPARTIALLY VERIFIEDProblemFile positionNOT VERIFIEDCategorySemiotics solutionsSolutionProblemImages conventionality / IntuitivenessVERIFIEDProblemIcon consistencyVERIFIEDOnly 4 on 9 solutions totally verifiedDISTANCE BETWEEN TEST EXPECTATIONS AND USER FEEDBACKCONCLUSIONS & SUGGESTIONS (1/2)CAN MODEL DRIVEN DESIGN HELP END USER PROGRAMMING?Yes, through abstraction and visual development environment HOW CAN BE USED JOPERA BY NON-PROGRAMMERS?They can use it with the help of programmers, because its expressive powerHOW COULD BE IMPROVED JOPERA FOR NON-PROGRAMMERS?Developing a simplified version of JoperaCONCLUSIONS & SUGGESTIONS (2/2)Cognitive effort: making information reachable and supporting interaction with icons and images WHAT KIND OF OBSTACLES FOR NON-PROGRAMMERS DID WE FOUND WITH OUR ANALYSIS?Concepts knowledge/ Platform interaction/ Cognitive effortHOW THESE PROBLEMS CAN BE OVERCOME?Knowledge: improving existing online textual and video tutorialsInteraction: standardizing actions to other software and concentrating on menusHOW DISTANCE BETWEEN EXPACTATIONS AND USER FEEDBACK CAN BE REDUCED?Making non-programmer users more involved, for instance creating an online community or having more future usability test to have a continuous feeback from testers. Because this analysis can be a cue to future usablity assessments.VIDEO SUMMARY