model-based co-evolution of production systems and their libraries with automationml

Business Informatics GroupInstitute of Software Technology and Interactive Systems Vienna University of TechnologyFavoritenstraße 9-11/188-3, 1040 Vienna, Austriaphone: +43 (1) 58801-18804 (secretary), fax: +43 (1) [email protected], www.big.tuwien.ac.at

Model-Based Co-Evolution of Production Systems and their Libraries with AutomationML

20th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA) 2015

Luca Berardinelli, Stefan Biffl, Emanuel Maetzler, Tanja Mayerhofer, Manuel Wimmer

2

Emerging Technology in Factory Automation 2015

Best Paper Award

3

Introduction: AutomationML

AutomationML (AML) standard for tool data exchange

AML docs are XML-based artifacts AML as pivotal language: Tool-

specific docs can be transformed in AML docs

= domain = tool = doc

XML-basedartifacts

CAEX.xsd

overall system design

mechanical engineering

electricalengineering

softwareengineering

Industry 4.0

Introduction: AutomationML Example

4

Lab-sized Production System“Equipment Center for Distributed Systems,” http://www.iafbg.ovgu.de/en/technische ausstattung cvs.html, Institute of Ergonomics, Manufacturing Systems and Automation at Otto-v.-Guericke University Magdeburg.

5

Turntable Conveyor

PI Controller

Introduction: AutomationML Example::Model Overview

AML Artifact

Wooden BlockConveyor

Inductive Sensor

Turntable

.plc

PLC Program«conformsTo»

Reusable model elements collected in Libraries. Its elements represents prototypes.

The model is obtained by cloning elements from libraries in hierarchies of connected elements. Its elements are cloned from prototypes

«model»mCLONES

Motor

∈

PROTOTYPES «library»L∈

PI Controller

Introduction: (some) AutomationML Concepts

System Unit Class

• Reusable Modeling Elements as

System Unit Class Library

• Set of reusable modeling elements Wooden BlockConveyor

PI ControllerInductive

Sensor

Turntable

.plc

PLC ProgramMotor

are

s

External Interface

• Elements’ connection points as

Internal Link

• Elements’ connection as

• Attributes

nominal speed = 9000

AML ArtifactPROTOTYPES «library»L∈

name = value

AML concepts for representing L:

66

Introduction: (some) AutomationML Concepts

Inductive Sensor

Motornominal speed = 9000

AML Artifact

Wooden BlockConveyor

PI ControllerInductive

Sensor

Turntable

.plc

PLC ProgramMotor

nominal speed = 9000

Instance Hierarchy

• Main model container:

Internal Element

• Its constituting elements as

External Interface

• Elements’ connection points as

Internal Link

• Elements’ connection as

• Attributes

name = value

AML concepts for representing m:

«model»mCLONES ∈

are

s

«clones»

6

Problem Description: Challenges

Challenge: Evolution of engineering data has to be managed Engineers from diverse domains working in parallel

Challenge: Co-evolution of prototypes and clones has to be managed

CLONES

PROTOTYPESPROTOTYPES

CLONES

EngineerEvolution

Co-evolution 7

Contribution: Framework for prototype/clone co-evolution

1. Generic metamodel for prototype-based languages2. Levels of consistency rigor between and3. Change types on and their impact on prototype/clone

consistency4. Repair operations to re-establish prototype/clone consistency

PROTOTYPES CLONES

PROTOTYPES

CLONES


CLONES

EngineerEvolution

Co-evolution 8




PROTOTYPES CLONES

PROTOTYPES

CLONES


CLONES

EngineerEvolution

Co-evolution 9




PROTOTYPES CLONES

PROTOTYPES

EngineerEvolution

Co-evolution

CLONESCLONES


10




PROTOTYPES CLONES

PROTOTYPES

CLONES


CLONES

Co-evolution

EngineerEvolution

11

1. Generic Metamodel for Prototype-Based Languages

A general metamodel for prototypes and clones (prototype clone metamodel, PCMM) whose concepts can be adopted for several modeling languages.

PROTOTYPES CLONES and as roles

A Object can play different roles, depending on its current relationships

ObjectStore

+ createObject() :Object+ deleteObject() :void

Slot

- name :String- Value :Object[*]

+objects

+slots

Object

- id :int- name :String

+ createClone():Object+ addSlot() :Slot+ deleteSlot() :void+ modifySlot() :void

+prototype 0..1+clones *

*

*

12

PCMM

1. Generic Metamodel for Prototype-Based Languages

ObjectStore


Slot


+objects

+slots

Object




*

*

Generic Artifact based on PCMM

objstore1:ObjectStore

obj1: Object- id = 1- name = "Motor"

s1: Slot- name = "nominal speed"- value = 9000

obj2: Object- id = 2- name = “Motor"


+prototype

+clones

PROTOTYPES

CLONES

Attr

Attr

13

PCMM

2. Levels of Consistency Rigor between Prototypes and ClonesGeneric Artifact based on PCMM

objstore1:ObjectStore

obj1: Object- id = 1- name = "Motor"


obj2: Object- id = 2- name = “Motor"


+prototype

+clones

PROTOTYPES

«conforms to»

«library»L

«model»m

Clones and prototypes may evolve independently

Different levels of consistency between clones and prototypes may apply

CLONES

14

2. Levels of Consistency Rigor between Prototypes and Clones

Level 0: Uncontrolled Compliance Clones may evolve completely

independent from Prototypes Prototypes are solely used as templates

or classification mechanism

Level 1: Substantial Compliance Evolution of clones is partially restricted

Level 1a: Extension: all or more slots

Level 1b: Restriction: at most all the slots

Level 1c: Redefinition: the same but values

Level 2: Full Compliance Clones may not evolve independently of

prototypes

PROTOTYPES

«conforms to»

«library»L

«model»m

Clones and prototypes may evolve independently

Different levels of consistency between clones and prototypes may apply

CLONES

15

17

3. Change Types on Prototypes and their Impact on Prototype/Clone Consistency

Operation L0 L1a L1b L1c L2ObjectStore::createObject ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ObjectStore::deleteObject ≠ ≠ ≠ ≠ ≠Object::addSlot ↑ ≠ ↑ ≠ ≠Object::deleteSlot ↑ ↑ ≠ ≠ ≠Object::modifySlot ↑ ≠ ≠ ↑ ≠

ObjectStore


Slot


+objects

+slots

Object




*

*

PROTOTYPES

«conforms to»

«library»L‘

«model»m‘ CLONES

Engineer

↑ = non-breaking ≠ =breaking

are

s

are

s

PCMM

18


4. Repair Operations to Re-Establish Prototype/Clone Consistency

ExampleDesired consistency level: L1a Extension

«conforms to»

«library»L‘

«model»m‘

obj1: Object

- id = 1- name = "Motor"

s1: Slot

- name = "nominal speed"- value = 9000

obj2: Object

- id = 2- name = “Motor"

s2: Slot


+prototype

+clones

PROTOTYPES

CLONES

19




«conforms to»

«library»L‘

«model»m‘

obj1: Object


s1: Slot


obj2 : Object

- id = 2- name = “Motor"

s2: Slot


+prototype

+clones

PROTOTYPES

CLONES

s3: Slot

- name = "min rotation speed"- value = 5800

addSlot()

Engineer

Evolution

20




«conforms to»

«library»L‘

«model»m‘

obj1: Object


s1: Slot


obj2: Object

- id = 2- name = "M1"

s2: Slot


+prototype

+clones

PROTOTYPES

CLONES

s3: Slot


addSlot()

Engineer

Evolution

s4: Slot


addSlot()

Co-evolution

21

Case Study: AutomationML

Tool support

Object Constraint Language

- Metamodeling- Modeling (Editor)

- Validation- Co-evolution (fixing rules)

22

Conclusion

Presented an approach for dealing with evolving libraries and co-evolving system models

Introduced a general metamodel to characterize prototype-based languages

Adapted the general metamodel for AutomationML Deduced a minimal change model and classified changes w.r.t.

consistency levels Showed possible tool support for consistency checks and (semi-)

automated fixing

Ongoing and Future work: Define nesting and inheritance for prototypes in PCMM Full AutomationML support (e.g., interfaces and roles) Versioning support

Business Informatics GroupInstitute of Software Technology and Interactive Systems Vienna University of TechnologyFavoritenstraße 9-11/188-3, 1040 Vienna, Austriaphone: +43 (1) 58801-18804 (secretary), fax: +43 (1) [email protected], www.big.tuwien.ac.at

Model-Based Co-Evolution of Production Systems and their Libraries with AutomationML

20th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA) 2015

Luca Berardinelli, Stefan Biffl, Emanuel Maetzler, Tanja Mayerhofer, Manuel Wimmer

model-based co-evolution of production systems and their libraries with automationml

Engineering