Modal verbsofobligation

mustor

have to

mustor

have to

modal

mustor

have to

indicative ‘helping verb’

be careful with+ive—ive?ive

be careful with+ive—ive?ive

in both form and meaning

form

I must go.

I have to go.

+ive

He must go.

He has to go.

+ive

You mustn’t go.

I don’t have to go.

—ive

Must she go?

Does she have to go?

?ive

-

She had to go.

past

exercise

convert ‘must’ to ‘have to’and

‘have to’ to ‘must’

must have to

I must go.

She has to study.

He mustn’t tell anyone.

Do they have to come?

You must try harder.

Students don’t have to answer all q.’s.

Must you make that noise?

You have to see that film.

We mustn’t smoke in here.

Does she have to do it again?

We must work hard.

must have to

I must go. I have to go.

She must study. She has to study.

He mustn’t tell anyone. He doesn’t have to tell anyone.

Must they come? Do they have to come?

You must try harder. You have to try harder.

Students mustn’t answer all q.’s. Students don’t have to answer all q.’s.

Must you make that noise? Do you have to make that noise?

You must see that film. You have to see that film.

We mustn’t smoke in here. We don’t have to smoke in here.

Must she do it again? Does she have to do it again?

We must work hard. We have to work hard.

pronunciation

< mustn’t >

/ mʌsnt /

< mustn’t >

/ mʌsnt /

< have to >

/ hæftə /

< have to >

/ hæftə /

< has to >

/ hæstə /

< has to >

/ hæstə /

< had to >

/ hætə /

< had to >

/ hætə /

meaning

+ive

I must wash my hair.

You must arrive early.

must [+ive] expressesstrong personal

obligation

personal obligation means:- dictated by people- imposed by a 1st or 2nd person

I have to get up early tomorrow.

Policemen have to weara uniform.

In tennis, you have to hit the ball over the net.

have to [+ive] expressesstrong impersonal

obligation

impersonal obligation means:- dictated by circumstance- dictated by a 3rd person- laws- regulations- rules

—ive

You mustn’t smoke in here.

You mustn’t tell anyone.

must [—ive] expressesstrong negative obligation

or prohibition

We don’t have to get up earlyat weekends.

You don’t have to tell your parents if you don’t want.

have to [—ive] expressesabsence of obligation

have to [—ive] expressesabsence of obligation—there’s no need—

we can expressthe same concept

(with different emphasis)using ‘can’

We don’t have to get up earlyat weekends.

We can get up earlyif we want.

Translate non dovere using mustn’t and don’t have to, etc

Non devi dirlo a nessuno!

È domenica. Non dobbiamo alzarci presto.

Sua madre fa tutto per lui.Non deve fare nulla.

Non devi girare qui.È un senso unico.

Ho già i crediti.Non devo fare l’esame.

Non devi guardare le risposteprima di fare l’esercizio.

Non devo fare tardi di nuovo.

Se non ti piace,non devi mangiarlo.

È velenoso. Non devi mangiarlo.

Translate non dovere using mustn’t and don’t have to, etc

Non devi dirlo a nessuno! You mustn’t tell anyone.

È domenica. Non dobbiamo alzarci presto.

It’s Sunday.We don’t have to get up early.

Sua madre fa tutto per lui.Non deve fare nulla.

His mother does everything for him.He doesn’t have to do anything.

Non devi girare qui.È un senso unico.

You mustn’t turn here.It’s a one-way street.

Ho già i crediti.Non devo fare l’esame.

I’ve already got the credits.I don’t have to take the exam.

Non devi guardare le risposteprima di fare l’esercizio.

You mustn’t look at the answersbefore doing the exercise.

Non devo fare tardi di nuovo. I mustn’t be late again.

Se non ti piace,non devi mangiarlo.

If you don’t like it,you don’t have to eat it.

È velenoso. Non devi mangiarlo.

It’s poisonous.You mustn’t eat it!

?ive

Must I eat the vegetables?

must [?ive] is rarebetween adults

must [?ive] is used when children talk to

figures of authority(parents, school teachers, etc)

with the meaning:“is it really necessary for me

to do this thing?”

you can ignoremust [?ive]

Do I have to do my homework for next Monday?

Do they have to book the exam?

have to [?ive] is used for (almost) all questions about

obligations

past

I must go to the dentistnext week.

I had to go to the dentistlast week.

I must go to the dentistnext week.

I had to go to the dentistlast week.

+ive —ive ?ive

must

personal obligationI must wash my hair

negative obligationYou mustn’t tell anyone.

notused-

have to

impersonal obligationI have to go to the dentist.

absence of obligationWe don’t have to get up early.

allquestionsDo I have to do it for Monday?

Use must or have to in the right form – use negatives where appropriate

She _____ work on Saturdays.

It’s a secret. You _____ tell my boyfriend.

Yesterday I _____ get up early.

_____ you _____ take your passport?

She finds it easy. She _____ try.

He’s a masochist. He enjoys _____ work hard.

_____ you _____ stay in this evening?

I _____ go to the dentist next week.

I _____ go to the dentist last week.

You _____ help me. I can do it by myself.

It’s been a great evening. We _____ do it again.

Use must or have to in the right form – use negatives where appropriate

She has to work on Saturdays.impersonal obligation

It’s a secret. You mustn’t tell my boyfriend. negative obligation

Yesterday I had to get up early. past

Do you have to take your passport? question

She finds it easy. She doesn’t have to try. zero obligation

He’s a masochist. He enjoys having to work hard. no form for must

Do you have to stay in this evening? question

I must go to the dentist next week. personal obligation

I had to go to the dentist last week. past

You don’t have to help me. I can do it by myself. zero obligation

It’s been a great evening. We must do it again. personal obligation

mustand

should

You should practice every day.

You should see that film.

should is a weak versionof must

should expresses adviceor weak obligation

You shouldn’t eatso many sweets.

should [?ive] is usedto ask for advice

Should I buy that jacket?

think + should

I think you should try harder.

(I think) you should try harder.

I don’t think you should give up.=

You shouldn’t give up.

I don’t think you should give up.=

You shouldn’t give up.

—ive on the first verb

homework

module 7, parts 6, 8, 9

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