modal verb auxiliaries

8/9/2019 Modal Verb auxiliaries

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You must go out = OBLIGATION

You should go out = ADVICE

ou may go out = PERMISSION



must, should, can...

are called

MODAL VERBS OR

MODAL AU ILIARY VERBS



Modal verbs are used to

!"#$!ss th! su%&!'t()!

att(tud!s a*d o#(*(o*s

o+ th! s#!a,!$ (*'lud(*g #oss(%(l(ty- #$o%a%(l(ty-

*!'!ss(ty- o%l(gat(o*-#!$m(ss(o*- a%(l(ty-

a*d d!s($!.



What are modals

can c o u l d may

might

m u s t

shall

should

willwould

ought to



Some features

of the modals



/Modal )!$%s a$! (*)a$(a%l!0

o*! +o$m +o$ all th! #!$so*s.

That m!a*s you must*1t add

/s to th! th($d s(*gula$ #!$so*.

She musts study.ORShe must studies



Modal verbs don't need the "do support

in negative and interrogative

sentences.

ou don't should tell him.

You shouldn't tell him.

Do you can swim

!an you swim



a l ) ! $ % s a $ ! a l 2 a y s + o l l o 2

t h ! % a s ! + o $ m o + t h ! ) ! $ %

in#nitive without $O%

You must to go.

You shouldn't eating so much.



- M o d a l v e r b s d o n o t h a v e

e i t h e r t h e i n # n i t i v e & o r m

t h e p a s t p a r t i c i p l e

t h e & u t u r e t e n s e

o r t h e - i n g f o r m



W A R N I N

All th!s! $ul!s

must %! a##l(!d to modal )!$%s.

But 2hat a%out th! )!$%s

HAVE TO BE ABLE TO

a*d NEED TO

3



HAVE TO a*d BE ABLE TO

do *ot sha$! all th! +!atu$!s

o+ th! modals %ut th!y do sha$!

som! o+ th! us!s0

o%l(gat(o*=

a%(l(ty=

HAVE TO

BE ABLE TO



L!t1s s!! som! !"am#l!s...

I don't have to wake up earlto!orrow" It'# Sunda "

$ou will have to #tud hardi% ou want to pa## the e&a!"

She ha# to o now"Her !u! i# waitin %or her"

Do ou have to work at the weekend(



())D $O

is not a modal verb

since it has the same forms as

the so-called full verbs

(go, change, drive, drink,etc.)



ABILITY

/ CAN - My cousin, who is only 2 years old, can already speak.- Can your sister play the piano?- Messi can play football very well.- Let’s buy some Chinese food. can’t cook very well.

/ BE ABLE TO - My uncle, who is a chef, is able to prepare delicious

dishes.- f you save money, you will be able to buy a new car.



ABILITY IN T4E PAST

COULD

- !hen was four years old, could read and write.- "arah’s #randmother could sin# very well.- My cousin couldn’t swim until last year and now she can

swim better than me.



RE5UEST6 (*+o$mal PERMISSION

CAN

- Can you pass me the salt, please? (REQUEST)- Can come in? (ASK FOR PERMISSION)- $k, you can leave now. (GIVE PERMISSION)



POLITE RE5UEST

COULD - Could you help me with this e%ercise? t’s so difficult.

C$&L' is also used to make a politesu##estion.

() ’m #oin# to *olland ne%t week.

+) $h, really? ou could visit your 'utch relatives then.

MAY - Mrs. Lola, may #o to the toilet?- $k ou may leave.



RE5UEST 7 'o.

YOU3 9as, som!o*! to h!l# you: - !ill you help me with the suitcases, please? hey’re so heavy.

8OULD 9+o$mal $!;u!st: - !ould you open the window, please? t’s so hot in here.

ALL I3 9o++!$ to h!l# som!o*!:

- "hall help you with your lu##a#e?

8OULD 9ma,! a* o++!$: - !ould you like a sandwich?



N!"!SSI#$%&'LI A#I&N

M U S T

* g o % l ( g a t ( o * 0 l a 2 - a u t h o $ (

- "tudents in private schools must wear a uniform. /&L01

- (ll of our friends are #oin# to that party. !e must #o too.0C0"" 1



N!"!SSI#$%&'LI A#I&N

MUST 4AVE TOThe

obligationcome

!"om the#ea$e"

Theobligation

%oe n&tcome !"omthe #ea$e"

M&M) ou must be home by 33 o’clock.

ou #o out. !hen it’s time to #o, you can say)

4 ’ll leave. have to stay home by 33 o’clock.5



MUST / 4AVE TO

The' ha e mo"e o" le the ame meaningb t*

+AVE TO i e% !o" all the !o"m MUST%oe n&t ha e, Mo"eo e"- +AVE TO i e% inthe inte""ogati e entence,- 'o you have to #o ri#ht now?

- esterday had to do the washin# because the washin#-machine broke down.

- f you want to be successful, you will have to work very hard.



N! A#I(! )&RM

MUSTN1T DON1T6DOESN1T4AVE TO

P"ohibition No obligation- no nece it'

- ou mustn’t smoke in the premises. " 6/$* + 0', "$ (LL$!0'1

- ou don’t have to wear a uniform at school. " $0C0""(/ 1



Also see...

NEEDN1T = DON1T6DOESN1T 4AVE TO

- "he needn’t brin# anythin#7 there’s lots of food.-

"he doesn’t have to brin# anythin#7 there’s lots of food.



MUST

'!$ta(*ty that som!th(*g (s t$u!. It& / o&cloc$, Sall' m t be at 0o"$, (I&M SURE)

CAN1T

'!$ta(*ty that som!th(*g (s (m#oss(. It& / o&cloc$, Sall' can&t be at home, (IT&S IMPOSSI12E)



S4OULD6OUG4T TO

- A% ice- O#inion

- Mo"al % t'

- 3o o ght to im#"o e 'o " manne" ,- I thin$ 'o ho l% tell him the t" th,- 4a"ol ho l% i it he" g"an%!athe" mo"e o!ten,



POSSIBILITY

CAN Sci o" can be%ange"o i! not e%#"o#e"l',9<<<#oss(%l!:

MAY

9<<#oss(%l!:

I ma' go to the #a"t',

(I&m not "e- it&#o ible)

MIG4T

9<#oss(%l!

I might go to the #a"t',

(I&m not "e it& im#"obable)

modal verb auxiliaries

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